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v """ Holi.owa'y's Ointment act Pills.—Debtors' Prison InSvninw. Whitccross-street.—Extraordinary Care
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THE HIGHLAND AUTOCRAT AND niS DEPDT 1 DICTATOIU-LOC 1 I LOCK-JAWED . Our readers will remember that in the course of Hie recent debate on tlio second reading of the Scottish roor Law Amendment Bill , allusion was made to the statements of the limes' correspondent , 'describing the present state of the Highlands , particularly Sutherlandshire ; the pith of which statements have Been transferred to this paper . In the debate alluded to , the Lord Advocate took upon himself to term the statements of the Times' "commissioner " ** great exaggerations . " Sir James Gnaiuji , vith a nappy aScvtation of innocenee , iBterrnpted Mr . S . Chawfori >' s manly and honest denunciation of the " desolation" whichhas been brought aboat in
Sntheriacdsnirc , with the incredulons ejaculation , "Desolation ! " And Mr . Loch , the chief manager of the Duke of Sutherland ' s estate—tlie gentleman who has the whole credit of ife present condition—finished fie scene by terming the letters in the Times "amazing mis-statements . " Our readers will remember that when commenting on the operations of the worthy trio Loch , Graham , and the Lord Advocate , we adduced at the time eTidcnce which left little doubt as to the truth of the statemeHts of the Times ' " Commissioner , " and the " exaggeration" and falsehood of those of his legislative opponents . The Times' " Commissioner" has , however , since then spoken for himself , and produced proofs of the truth of his statements , which settle for ever the credibility of those who assailed him .
The mass of evidence as to the desolation of Sufherlandshsrc , the deplorable state of its fragmentary population , and the Duke ' s Toor Law liberality , produced by the Times' " Commissioner" in vindication of his previous statements , Is overwhelming , and far too extensive to allow ns to give it entire , wcjsust therefore cuntent ourselves with extr&els . Fhst , a word on the Glen Calrie " wecllng , " —the Lord Advocate denounced the account of tliat atrocity which appeared in the Times , as containing " great exaggerations ; " hero is his answer : — TO 3 HE rDITOS OF THE TIMES .
Sir , —Having seea the allusions made iatiie Hoaseof Commons to the 2 t » a < tf Commissioner in the case of Glen Calrie , w « j fed bound , from our connexion as ministers Arrears with the late tenants of that Highland strath , and from our intimate acquaintance with ths facts connected ui : li the ejectment of the ninety inhabitants removed , to declare that that gentleman ' s statements , so £ » from bting exaggerated , are strictly and literally correct That little community is now broken up , and its families dispersed far and near ; but the poor people did deeply and gratefully appreciate the liberal and disinterested conduct of the Tunes newspaper in their hapless case , as veil a 3 the friendly and humane attentions of its talenlwi commissioner . "We are , Sir , respectfully and faithfully ycrcrs , Hectos Allan , Minister . Kincardine , Kosss 3 i : re . GcStavcs Anu > , 3 Ifa 5 ster , Eonnr-lrilge , June 33 . CreicU , Sutfcerlandsiiire .
This we opine is a settler for the Lord Advocate ; bni as tlie iW / ^ " commissioner" says , — " Perhaps his best defence is , that he knew nothing about what Le was talking of /'—If so , he must be a nice man for a Lord Advocate ' TFcnow come to Mr . Locnandliis "amazing mis statements ; " in his speech he said . ' It lias been said that the contribution of the heritor fc > one Kirk Session for the poor was but £ 6 . Xow , in Uie eight paris-fcc * which are properly called S&tiiorlandsMrc . Cie amount of the contribution of Hie Duke of Sathcrhsid to the K-rfc Session is £ i 2 a-year . Therefore ( eoaticats Jlr . loch ) the statements that have been raado , so far from being correct , are in era ? way an csa ^ Jerstioii of what is the fact "
The Times " commissioner" remarks , "Tt is not ¦ very clear what Jhe sentence means , whether £ 12 is the areoiuitgiven in cseiiparish , or in all tic-parishes oiutcd . But ! willtalceit to mean utei his u : ic . » l ? d to auKtyio lie j . vl-Kc—that £ 43 is the eon eivesi to cock parish in Sutherland , in contradiction to mv statement that SLQmly was jrivoc . My iifqnnation was derived generally from the minister in each parish , and from each of Ux three fader . ' . Eni I will not iclyoa this . I turn to the evidence riven oa mtb . before the Pcor Law Comimsao-ei ? . " whercI find my statement corroborated . " rarish of Twguc ^ -The Rev . IlngU M ' Kav M We owniiK d on oath . ftisfirfmaa , after statins thnt he has beea the miaister of tae parMi snee 1 * 06 , proceeds : — * "T 3 : epooron the roll receive relief from tl > e chnriu collections . Th * Suite of SuthcrlnnQ Is ffie otfy hector Bimd !* G * &armahl < $ { her 4 oi > sfund . '' —a' &x' LBxe l ^ qniry ( Scotland ; , appenuis , j . art 11 , jage- Vy . )
Parish of rr . irr . css . —Tlie 3 lcv . TTffliam Fia 31 atcr , minister of Huirncis for the last tllrtr-onc veras examined on oath : — " " The Duke of Sutherland is sola proj .-rijior of the parish , aud noa-rc-s : dent . lie makes : » a j'anual ailovr aace of £ 5 to flic poor ' s fund . "—( Poor L-aiv Intptrr , vAd , pageSOi ; . )
Parish of Fair , —The Her . Daniel M'Keirle . twenty-eight years minister of the parish , exaElued en oath : " The Pate of Sutherland is sole proprietor of ifce * " ***• He contributes regularl y £ 6 a ytar m aid of the Paw ' s fiads . " —< j& «? , page SOi . ) Ji } ° J ™ rad » llis .-ThcKcv . George Tallocli , JJJnaw uf the pansk for twelve yoarj , examined on tm ? 115 ?"" 6 Of SBttcriMid is sole leriior . He <« rcry iaif c ~ - maidcf th 8 or&nzn-ejections , of which fceVvht" ^ i & ~ *« fc «« KST 1 « M « « Kinlocl . oraSt'r ^^^^^^^^ For
to Wi * - "wnMiona" atjs :- "Idonotrah to be imjUst m speaking of the liu !« of Sntherlacd ; ofiS ^ u ? athedid - BnUCaTcartocrili SiS ? ^ , 2 ! Bdses of Suftcriand , cr £ 4 S for file aS . l f h ° i ^ tttoion which U a » kes out rf thill ¦ EvCTy Scnt ' cman it Iceland is rated to ^ c pc . br rates atco rd in g to the aiucnst of hispro - frivL ^ -. ' ^ geatlemwi s >\~ o give mncU in pmai « chanty ; but they arc two diSfert thins ? . Jwr . Ueh is mrstaken if he thinks he can make " a SW ? ? i ^ ° ^ ° ^ ^ vaunting forth the f > o « ocf Snthcrland ' s nriv » te Axr « u * 3 « . « v .-. thn
' SepU ~ eonlffl'M >« a *<> ^ e letal provision for t Mr . Lorn , in his speech , statfri , as nn instance of ^ P ^^ aj . that "ilkKil ( ibrinaticnLadlocB put an end to in Sutherlandsiiirc-. The Tfe « "commisioner aaroitlyrcpUes : "Itis wt-H toaesaowa TWhie ii you have it not . Distillation cannot go on without barley—formerly the people : nthe interimgrew barley . The glens were caltivated , and eo *¦** £ ^^ of % barley crewn was iCcsally Bmnfectnred into whgkey . kW the people Iirvc nqf barley ewn fcf fa ®;; ttey to « ot gtov econgt
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for food ; they have not money to buy any the "lor * are sheep-walks , and whiskJ « , „„„[ h ? d ( sgjy ^ J ot moss ana htotfc&r . ImJlprcstntly prove , froni Ue evidence on oath , that their-food is potatoestjiat they have no barley , and have no money to buy " m , 0 ^ tlien » should iilicit distillation go on ?" lhB Tima' conespondent then proceeds to show , irom the evidence given b » fore the Commissioners of s oor Law Inquiry , the amount of relief given to the pauperised" poor in Sutherlandshire ; the condition ci the poor generally , and , lastly , the deterioration of tile inhabitants of the country in food , clothjjj " , and comfort , since tie commencement of tho m ; ui * fementof Mr . Locn , and the adoption of hispet scheme ot depopulating the country , and turning it into sheep-walks . We can spare room for only a few extracts . Hr . Buncaaltoss , General Assembly ' s tcacherin Cricch , esamined : — ... .. .
The usual allowances to people on the roll vary from 2 s . to 5 f . fl-y /» r . "—[ Xinxlei of i ' sMeiicc , amatdte—mrt 2 , page 275 . ) Thellev . Alexander Macpherson , minister of Golspie , examined : — " The average they ( the poor on the roll ) receive is 9 s . or 10 s . a-year . "—( Ma ., paga 276 J The Her . George Hackay , minister of Ciyne , examined : — " We have three classes of paupers on the roll . The sums granted them vary according to the amount of the collections . The highest class gets generally about Cs . or 7 s . a-ycar . Old people , blind and bedridden , are included in this class . The second class gets 5 s . 6 d . Thev are not confined to bed , althougU unable for much work . The third class receives about 3 s . a-year , and consists of iudhiduals who are able to d » a little work . "—( ibid . page 277 . )
Eer . Jocn Mackenzie , minister of the parish of llojart , examined : — " The average allowance to old people on the roll is 4 s . a year ; and in cases of extraordinary distress , such as bliuuness , we give an average of 10 s . Bedridden people recei / e about 10 s . " —( Ibid ., page 378 . ) Itev . James Campbell , minister of Kildonon examined : — "Theallowances to themajerity ( ofpersonsontheroll ) vary from Cs . to 10 s . " — ( VA 1 . p . 230 . ) 3 Ir . George Maekay , schoolmaster and Session Clerk oi Loth , examined : — " The usual aliowance to old people ( on the roll ) is aboul 5 s . or Cs . a-year . —( Ibid ., j > . ' 2 Ss . J The Rev . Angus Kennedy , minister of Dornoch , examined : — j " The average allowance ( to poor on tlic roll ) is from 8 s . to 9 s . a . ycar . "—( roid ., i > . 200 . J
The Her . Charles Gordon , minister in Assjnt , examined : — " The allowances ( to the poor on the roll ) are very lo « indeed ; the very liigbesi is -is . C 3 . ; tlie lowest half-ncrown or 2 s . "—( Ibid ., p . 231 J The Kev . llugli Al'Kay ll'Kenzie , Tongue , examined : — " The usual allowances to paupers on tho roll are about Ss . Gd-a-jwar . "—( 7 m'J ., page 296 . ) We pass by the evidence from other places , similar to the above , and proceed to show how the poor live wholmefor their yearly awowance 103 ., Ts ., 63 ., 03 ., 33 . Gd ., 23 . Cd ., and 2 s . a ytar . lit . Duncan Koss , teacher , Crkch , examined : — " The chiff food af ike paypcre is jwtatocs . Somo 0 them have intal aud milk ; very little fish . "—( ilW , pngt 275 . )
I am in the habit of seeing the paupers in their own dwellings . Tie aged and inarm are net properly provided for . *— { m < l , p . 276 . ) Rev . Gsori'a Mackay , minister of dyne , examined : — " There is begging in my parish among paupers on tli « - roll . Begging is not restricted to any ono day in tin week . We have beggars from other parishes . "— ( Ibid , p . 873 . ) " I think an assessment necessary for the support ol the aged and innns . Sly reason for this is that the poor are decidedly not provided for sufficiently as they are at present '"— ( Ibid . ) Itev . John H'Kenzie , minister of Rovart , examined : —
• There 13 a good deal 01 begging in my parish among the poor on the roll . TVe have likewise beggars from adjoining parishes . We do not restrict begging to any partioalar day . Tt " c give certificates for begging . "— { Ibid , p . 273 . ) Tie Ear . Ilugh M'Kayll'Kenzie , Tongue , examined >—" Thcreis co duty moro unpleasant than that of distributing money to tho applicants for relief in Tongue . Tbu funds are so limited , and the cases of distress are so urgent and so numerous , that it is extremely difficult , if not impossible , to deal with , the cases vritii satisfaction to
one 3 Si-J . I am intimately acquainted with the distress of the people , aud yet I have no money to relieve it adequately . There is a good deal of begging in the parish . The poor oa the roll go about begging from place lo place . Many do so toiih d' fiatlty , they are so old and veal : Hoiceter , tiny must do it , inasmuch as if Utcyncre debarred from this means 0 / svisiitence , they would starts . Their Ueual diet , when they can get it , is porridge and milk , especially in tlie spring season , when they begin to work ; but tlwy cannot alwajs aflbra meal , especially in winter , aud they thai live on jkUiIocs awl herrings , if tliey can git Vie herrhiji . " ( PAJ ., j > . 205 . )
ihc Her . Charles Gordon , minister of Assynt , examined : — " The great assistance tlie poor get in my parish is from their poor neighbours , and that makes them all poor together . " " AVhen the poor are sick and roq \ urc additional diet , they apply to ths neighbours best able to nssistthem . There is not a wealthy individual in tho whole district . " " Tor pavers and all collars in general Vie prt « eij > al / ooiJ t ' s potatoes and herrings . Ttelr loilgiags are wretched . The cottages ara generally built of stona and turf mixed ; the
roof is always turf , with a covering of heather . Those recently built have a lining of clay , aud sometimes lime in the Inside . The old cottages have nothing but the bare earth foraSoos- ; indeed , there are very few now which have anything else for a floor . The cottages havegoncrally no chimneys ; they have merely a hole in the middle —sometimes , however , at flic end . " " We have a good deal of begging in tho parish . Tho people go about among their relations and friends , but at the same time tlicy dislike to be considered as common beggars . "—( Ibid ., p . 293 . )
We now come to the general deterioration cf the people—the "desolation in Suthcrlamlshire : "The nev . Sir . 21 'Kenzie , of Tongue , in bis evidence , says" I am very positive , and have not the slightest doubt that th « condition of the people has been very much deteriorated by the change . There is more money going about us eo ' . v , but there is much more poverty , and not the same substantial comforts as formerly . It is true that wlie& they trere in the inferier they werebadiy off in seasons when their cattle died . They v . tcd to sulsislprincijaTtv vjmi fleti , fish , milk , lutter , and cards and cream . They used to eat no vegetables . They had a few spots of oats and bear ( barley ) , but they bought very little meal .
1 ' otatces wore only introduced when I Was a child , and now it is their general food . In the years of distress they were thrown upon the resources of the proprietor ; and I remember so . instance of this kind in I 7 S 3 , when the proprietor was asked to supply meal to \ Hjs people , and heaiadean appeal to Government on thtf subject , which vras responded to . He and all the taeksHicn contributed in part , and the Government afforded assistance in peas meal , which was distributed by the Kirk Session . However , these years of distress iccrc by no means of fre ' jaent occurrence , and { hey have , in fad , been much more frequent since Vie ekmige . I consider ttaf fie frciuency of the periods of distress under flic eild system has lecn very much exagscrated , ar « ifasbcmm < idti 7 np 70 i'erly ( m excuse for the cliavge : '—( rM ., p . 297 . )
The Rev W . Hndlatcr , of puraess , rtud the Rev T ) . il'lieuzie , of Farr , givo similar evidence . Now for tho "desolation " : — 3 Ir . Donald Jl-cconali , of Icchinvcr , in his evidence , saj 3—" I have afarm of 35 , 000 acres—one-third of the parish of Assynt . The whole is a pasture farm . I have eleven shepherds under me . " ( TIU 1 ., pp . 312-3 . ) The Kcv . George Sl'Kay , minister of Clyne , in hi * evidence , says"A great proportion of the population in my parish cossisls of perso » s who Lave been located ia villages alcn ^ tlia coas t , hating Icen pretioutlg hHialitants in tin Litiricr . Tlie In d Jn ike interior has mow been contorted into shecp-wdh : " The Rev . Charles Gordon , minister of Assynt , In his evidence , savs—¦
"Toe greater part of-issynt is laid out in sheep-farms , bat tie greater L'Ulkc-ftha population is confined totlic shore . "— ( Ibid ., p . 1-92 . ) In contrast with tie above , we quote the description of this district in former time ? , as jjiven in De Foe ' s work oa Scotland , lie is writhig abont Sivathnaver , which was then thickly peopled . The greater part of this Strath , is now held by tlic notoriou * I ' aKuck Sellabs , who cleared out the population , ar . d whose truly murderous uoin'rs in 1 SJ 1 we described in « Sr article headed "The Autocrat oi Sutherlandshire Unmasked , " in the Star of Jnne 21 st . This wGrsc than nniaugsd brigand occupies an extent cf soil of ahitit ttventy-tkr-u miles ly seventeen In the whole of that extent of country there is not a cottage but Yfhai is occupied by his shepherds , sever ia ruinber ; whilst lie himself is non-rcsidcilt . lta Toe , speaking of this ( now ) vast desert , says : —
" The inhabitants are great huT . ters , nad despise xhose who are not , so that veaisou is with tlicm a common dish . " Speaking of the northern districts gcncvally , he says : — " Ilsre we found , hewever mountainous and wild the CfmntJj appeared , the people extremely well furnished with provisions , especially four sorts in great plenty , two of tUsra sufficient for a common table , tUo ether two the splendour of the greatest . 1 . Very good bread , as well cat-bread ss wheat , though the last not so cheap as tho iirst . 2 . Vunisoa exceeding plentiful , and at all seasons , yoaag or old , which they kill with their guns wherorcr they Sail it , for there is no restraint , on which necount all ths Highlanders have fire-arses , and becomo excellent marksmen . S . Salmon in s-jch pjenty a" 3 is scarcely credible , and consequently so cheap tliat , to those who have any substance to buy iritn , it is not worth giving th-rastlves the trouble to catch it . This thej eat fresh in < j e season , and at otfccr times cured , bj bsisg dried in % \ Uivaa 4 wpresesptfeiitie year , 4 . TS « j * SW « J > o
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s ? m . « n « W 8 a ° ? eep ; but the cattl ° " ° "O wad ' that fwwtnwi , were they not by their own disposition used to hock together , they wouid be much harder to kill than the deer . " Compare this descri ption with that given above of the meant state ot the Hi ghland population ; to which let us append the following addition by the Tuna " commissioner " :- « It is not i years ago since the tenantry of the parish of Royart , on paying their rent , were assembled by Mr . Gunn , the factor , by order 01 Mr . Loch , and told , n English , and what he said was interpreted to the people in Gaelic by the miniBtcr who stood by him , that it was " thelaw of the estate " that if any of them , or their children , killed a head of game , they should be immediately removed from their hohhmrs . and thev wnnirl oat . nnnn nti ™ n < 1 + i < n
, Sutherland estate . The Game Laws arc bad enough without this 'law of the estate . ' The same rule holds with regard to fishing in the rivers . They arc all tenants at will , with a ' ground officer' perpetually prowling about tkem , and watching them . Imagine their state of dependence . If this is denied , 1 have instances to prove it . " Respecting the astounding statement made by Mr . Loch , that , tor twenty-eight years not one farthin" of rent had been received from the Sutherland estate , but that , on the contrary , there had been stnt there a sum exceeding £ 00 , 000 , the Times' " commissioner' says- " This may be true , but the people oi Sutherlandsliirc have not bencfitted bv it" Ho adds- " Mr . Locn . for thirty years has managed the estate , which is co-equal with the county , and he deserves all the credit of the achievement . "
"We thmk our readers will aqree with us , thai the Tunes' " commissioner " lias fully vindicated himself from the charges of " exaggeration" and " misstatement , at the same time turning tho tables on his adversaries . We regret that it was not possible tor us to give his vindication complete and entire , lor which we must refer our readers to the Times . Ihe pictures we have givon of tyranny , rapacity , and sclhshnes 3 , on the one hand , and slavery , misery , and helplessness , on the other , existing throu"hout Sutherland , is probably without a parallel in any country claiming to be civilised . Even in Ireland , the " wiJd justice of revenge , " to which the poor hesitate not to appeal , affords them some protection through the fears thereby excited in the breastsof their
oppressors . j \ ot so in the Highlands , there thecotticrs have not yet been driven to assassination , despite tie wnolesale usurpation of a Duke , the tyranny of a Loca , the rapacity of a M'Do . nald , and the murders of a Seixabs . How long this state of things will last is another question ; even the endurance of the wretched and the helpless Bometimes comes to an end : humanity will vindicate its claims , even thouali it be by bullet andtoroh . Pray heaven that any such dreadful alternative may bo spared the virtuous people of the Hi ghlands ; pray Leaven tLatthopubiio opinion now forming in . their behalf may so grow and strengthen as to be found—and that sueedilv
tooall-sufficient to rescue them from their miserable lot . One thing is certain , the exposures we have madethanks to the Times—of the rapacity , cruelty , and tyranny of Highland landlords , their agents , and sheep-farming tenants , must have the effect of more widely opening the eyes of the class w « address , to the enormous injustice and wrong of the present sjstem of land-holding , and the necessity of tho suffering classes using all their energies to break down this monstrous usurpation—this prime progenitor and main cause of all other social crimes aud sufferings . We have now done with the Highland autocrat and his deputy
dictator" \ fe leave them alono in their glorj t "
THE SCOTCH POOR LAW SYSTEM . We resume tho consideration of the report of the Commissioners of Poor Law inquiry . We commence with their views sis to the poor of the large towns oi Scotland ; they say"It must bo admitted that , in periods of a depressed state of trade and manufactures , the labouring classes arc subject , in many instances at least , to severe privations . In Scotland , the wants experienced by tl \ ft wovliiug classes during these periodical depressions , have been hitherto relieved , in as far as relief haB been afforded , by toIuutaiy subscri ptions and contributions made by the the
^ YeaHhIe ^ portion of community , sometimes of a more local , and sometimes of a more extended character , according to the supposed urgency of each particular case . The question then , which we have to resolve is , whether the amount of relief which may be thus obtained , supplemented from such other sources , as in conformity to tlio provisions of the existing law may be mails available for tha purpose , 1 ) 3 sufficient to meet tho exigencies of the present condition of the manufacturing population , or whether we must substitute some such entirely new system as that of providing ths relief required by means ol assessments , aud administering the funds so raised under the ehccli 6 supplied by a workhouse .
# It must be admitted , « tc . "—how cautiously , and with what evident reluctance those pleaders for , and apologists of the aristocracy " admit" the existence oi distress amongst the people . We shall presently siiow that respecting this same distress , and more than that , frightful , continuous pestilence , the result of physical want , the commissioners could have had no manner of doubt when they made out their report . 'Xhey go on to say—Tlie deeper depression of the condition of tho labouring population in the Scotch manufacturing towns , hew founded on , Is inferred from tho large proportion which
the deaths from fever in these towns bears to the whole amount of their mortality . In somo of tlie manufacturing towns of Scotlaud , as we have elsewhere remarked , the mortality from fover has been , on an average of several years , eleven or twelve per cent . ; and in Glasgow , ic 1 S 37 , it amounted to twenty per cent , of the whds . Kow that the great mortality of some of the large towns oi Scotland , arising from fever or other epidemics , may bt fairly ascribed to the less comfortable condition of the labouring and pauper population , we do not presume to dispvte . But admitting that the question of the aggravated mortality from fever is thus adequately solved , we apprehend that it is uot to be at once inferred from such an
nilmiSSlOIl that tllG principle of the listing Poor law is ceseutiaUy vicious . TUio principle of the existing Poor Law is not " essentially vicious . " On the contrary , that" principle" is essentially just . What we complain of is , that that law has not been executed , that its provisions have become a dead letter , and that those who were appointed by the law to enforce its provisions , and to sec that the poor had " needful sustenance " provided for them , that these false shepherds , tlio clergy and the magistracy , have allowed the law to fall into disuso , and have even connived at , and been parties to its practical abrogation , to suit and serve the avarice of tlie property-holders , in violation oi their own vows and oaths a 3 clergymen and magistrates . These commissioners admit tbat the
mortality arising from fever in the large Scotch towns is immense , and , as compared with English towns , enormous ; they acknowledge that this mortality is caused by tlie less comfortable condition of the labouring and " pauper" population ; that thiB is the case , they say , " we do not presume to dispute !" But fearful that they have admitted too much , that they have let too niudi cf " daylight into the system , " they add that " it is not to be at once inferred from such an admission , that the principle of the existing Poor Law is essentially vicious . " What we do infer is , that the j ) ro « £ icc , the working of the existing Poor Law is essentially bad and infamous ; and thai it is so we will at once proceed to prove from the evidence given on oath before the commissioners themselves , relative to the state of Edinburgh , tho capita ] of tiic Idnsdom : —
De . IUjTDYsioe ( examined ) . —Do you find the [ Royal Dispensary ] patients in a state of destitution ? So frequently , that the medical men ni : d the students often find it necessary to draw their purses . Since I began with the dispensary I sec an increase of those who apply in destitute circumstances . They have often nothing to boil water in—nothing to put their feet in If ordered to bathe their feet- —no bread or rceal for poultices . It is very usual for tlie medical men nnd tho students to pay out money for comforts required by patients . —They don't provide diet ? Ko ; but the medical men fr&Tuently contribute wiue and soup . It is a customary thing for a
medical man to have wine In Ills house for supplying poor patients ; aad to havo soup ready also , so that a patient may send for a bowl , which is given with bread . The students exhibit the same philanthropic spirit ; and they are necessitated to do so , otherwise the disoase [ chrome ] advances npnec . —In many casts would not nutritious diet or wino be almost essential to their tieatmenti Doubtless , essential , and these might often avert the future stages of the disease , and elikt a curs in time . —And a medical oflicu-, when nutritious diet was ordered , would afford mean- ; and funds sufficient ? Clearly so . —Would not that be an advantage which tho treatment of cases by a medical officer connected with the workhouse would
procure ! A decided advantage . On that pouit 1 may observe that destitution , as I conceive , is frequently the source of disease Have you ebserred that typlms fever has come at periodical intervals in the same waimer as small-pox ar . d other epidemic diseases I According to the preflispositimi in the system it lias . I sutured for four successive years from typhus fever ; aud there was alwajs prudisposition .-u-Does it return at nn interval 0 ! two or three years ? Do cases cease for a time aud return ngoin ? It is an observation that every three or five years there is in this quarter a very aggravated foriii of typhus fever ; but I cannot verify that remark . H » return is connected with the stagnation , of trade , poverty , &c . It is , indeed , never totally absent from the dwellings of the poor . —Tou are aware that it has attacked the
families of people in the higher ranks of life , and in the best condition as to food and raiment , as well as that of the lovtcr classes \ It hasrmuoubtetily affected tho higher classes , though in a far inferior degree to l » o lower ordtrs . —Then , would you couaidcr desiitution as the cause , or as an aggravation of the disease ? I woalii regard It as a power ful predisposing cause to tlic typhus fever in affceting the system ; the opposite behsg a powerful preventing cause to thojr buing ir . ftctsi ! . —Have you been led to observe the proportion in thehigher and Iowit classes who have fallen victims to typhus fever I 1 havt . The result is that the lower elssses suffer most ; and I eon explain the reason . —Can you stafcj the proportion vritl amyisiRutsnea ? Ko . Icaonot . My att * ctf . on bus notbeeu gj » a to Aot eomttth oe . tpiM r fcj ^ too ^ fciMMfcir ** 1 *
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be . —Do you consider that destitution is adequate of itself to generate fever ? Not of itself usually ; but it is believed tnat tho febrilo virus is sometimes generated » pontaneously in indi gent persons . —When you answered that . question about the higher classes , do you nieau tho numbers were absolutely less , or only relatively ? Absolutely less in the higher classes . —Then you stated some time ago that you considered the allovf Mice of the poor by no means suflleicut . What would you consider a sufficient allowance , taking the age ami the number of tho children « I shall nn 5 iver it with reference to the lowest state of destitution , so as to state what would maintain health . — With reference to different degrees ! Then , proceeding from the lowest class , I would , with regard to a fatUcr and mother with four children under ten , at the working period of life , say from observation that
3 b . Cd . or S 3 . a week might ui&ko them comfortable . — When yeu said that many received nothing at nil , did that apply to the number of poor persons who were unwilling to come for relief from public funds , or to those who had applied and been refused . —And only to cases of disease ? You don't speak of those who have applied where there was no complaint \ I understood those who applied had a legal claim , and did not get assistance . One general observation is , that ths lower the spheroof individuals to whom the application is made , the greater is the liberality displayed . —Till you come to the lowest Iu the lowest state half of what is got may be given away to persons in the same condition . I have seen them dieregard their ovrn health , andtlia fear of contagion , and starve themselves to aid a suffaring aud sick neighbour . > iot only will they do what they can for those in health
, but to n stm greater amount for those who are Inbouriug under disoase , and from whom there is no prospect of a return . —You would not wish to put a stop to that benevolence among tlie poor ? Certainly not . — "Would uot a large public provision hinder that ' efflux ! I scarcely think it would operate thus , or that the efflux of charitable feeling would be exhausted . It cannot now overtake one-teuth of the suffering that prevails . I can give three instances of persons starved to death in the course of the previous winter . The first was received iuto one of my wards in the Infirmary ; auothcr was in another ward of the Infirmary ; and the third died in his own lodging . — Did you open ? I opened one , and was present at tho examination of the ether two . One was my own patient , and , I have no doubs , died from starvation . I may mentiun , however , when asked about the lowest poesiUo sum
to support an adult man , that perhaps Is . might do for a single man . I know a man ( that man is the man Forbes ) with whom we had considerable difficulty with reference to his settlement , no says , "I can do very well with 1 b , per week- , " he lias a pretty comfortable place with his sister ; he says Gd . goes for nourishment , — vtry course indeed , but yet sufficient —For a week ! Oh , yes ; sometimes ho has not more than a roll a day . —He looks to other sources ? lie has no other sources than that one shilling . Hr . Brown , Mr , George Forbes , and Mr . Henry Orahame , aid In thus supporting him , —You mean that a man with a family might be supported for 2 s . Gd . ! I consider that as the sum for the lowest stage , exclusive of house and clothing . — . When you state that 2 s . 0 d . would maintain a man , and wife , and four children , do you mean that that would be sufficient to maintain them without any other sources of income S Yes .
Mr . William Johnston , town-councillor ( examined ) : — The inquiries we instituted led us to some distressing revelations . I have found men , for instance , honest , industrious tradesmen , who , having sold or pawned every article within their dwellings , were at length reduced to ask the smallest pittance of bread or meal . In many instances they assured us ( and we found the statements true ) that they had not tasted food for twelve , fifteen , twenty-four , and some even twenty-eight hours . I found , in some cases that tho very grates of the parties had been sold or pawned ; and , in numerous iustauees , vrhon we gavo a pittance of meal , they had not the meaus of cooking it , nov salt to season it with . There were many who had been in a respectable way as tradesmen , reduced to perfect destitution , through causes over which they had no control . We gave a supply only once a week , as our fuuds were limited ; and we distributed among the parties thus : —To a single man , we gavo three tickets ; to a husband aud wife , four tickets ; to a husband and wife with two children , five tickets ; to all above five children ,
six tickets . Each bread tic-tost entitled , tire lioldev to a half loaf at 4 id ., and each meal ticket half a peck of meal at 5 $ d ., ineal being about lid . the peck at that time , and the bread 9 d . per loaf , second quality . We did not allow them to purchase for themselves , but we entered into a contract with a respectable meal-dealer , who divided the rations as we directed . I may state that at this time , though tho privations of tho poor wero very great , as I have described , I could discorer no instance of their having exchanged the meal or bread tickets for spirits . Suck a story was ivulvied got up , tiwrt vf e were floating out rations to persons who were not making a good use of them ; and as chairman of the committee I instituted a rigorous inquiry ; aud I am glad to say that in no instance was the relief so exchanged . On Hie contrary , thb whole ofmy experience hd to the result that the poor were far more anxious to recover the small articles of clothing and household stuffs they had pawned , than to indulge in personal indulgence of aiiy kind . That seemed their greatest unxietv .
Captain James Trroirsox , for seven years treasurer of the House of Refuge , gave evidence as to the systematic opposition pursued towards " paupers" to prevent them making good their claim for relief . The following is a specimen of his evidence : There was a blind woman in tho West Church parish for many yoavs . I applied for that woman . I walked fifty jnilcs to get evidence of her claim . Kcekio is her namo . She is a native of Edinburgh , or of the West Church parish , and she got diseased . She lived in Leittistreet , in the common stair near Littlejclm ' s tho baker , foe a period of five years in different fiats , nnd she was very respectable and well conducted generally . She kept her complaint secret till she lost her sight . After being in the Infirmary or lock hospital , she came out . I thought there would be no difficulty in establishing the claim of a blind young woman . She had lived just at the-particular point where the two parties unite . They would undertake nothing . I went to try and get proof
how long she had lived there . Then tho queatron was disputed about the parish , but I discovered that the Wc « t Church parish was in the habit of charging poor rates for tlio place . Us-. Littlcjohn told me so . I told them that as they levied rates , they must provide for the poor of tlio place . " Ultimately we did succeed , but the managers op . posed her claim for three or four years . —That was a dispute about the boundary of the parish , and , after all , you succeeded . But can you point out a case where you did not succeed , and where there was a good claim ? I recollect a case ( I forget the name ) , a sort of half idiot , whose father and mother were never married , consequently the settlement was the mother ' s . —These are cases of difficulty 1 O , there are difficulties in every case . Tisis girl ' s mother died , and was buriud by the city pnrish ; and they were in the habit of assisting the mother and daughter at times . When the niothor dioil , the girl was sent to the refuge . I applied , and attended meetings of the city managers , on this girl ' s account ; and 1 never could get ths claim established .
Mr . Macablay , town-councillor ( examined ) : —Are you not a member of the town-council ? I am . —What would you consider sufficient for a man reduced by sickness , and coining 011 tbe poor funds t That is not a very easy question ; but I have inquired what would suffice for a inau who had a family . A poor man camo last night—he is a furniture polisher—I employed him in my own house , and he is worichig at this moment . I had an upholsterer in the same way—I had a great deal of conversation with him , and aiked him how he managed : —first , he had two children , himself , antl a wife—ho got sixpence a day from the relief funds given in charity . I asked him how he managedto live , lie said he bocght twopence worth of oatmeal with a little fat—this was stirred about , and he got one meal always every day from this . Then how Co vour children fare , I asked—hi said , I leave fourpence
with the wife , ami I am obliged to run out of the housoj because I cannot stand the screams of my children crying for food . —Would you state , first , what should be given to a single man or woman iu a reduced state , requiring aid , and then what should be given to a party with two or more children 1 It ' the intended case you mean be that of persons who should be making a livelihood if they had employment , the lowest should be Is . or us . a weeK to a single person , if you would ward off disoase . I cannot seo how he can live -upon less . —You are making * tlio supposition that he has no other source ? Yes . That is little more than Cd . & day ; but I would say , that to prevent stealing , aud save from downright starvation , 6 s , a wetk would bs necessary . —Now , for two persons , a man and his wife t It does not require exactly double , for there are ways of living . Dr . Alison , in kis work ,
recommends econmaical cooking . 1 have teen making un experiment , and perhaps nobody is able to speak so well , for I have made dishes , and invited them to dine . I know eight or ten living together , could live at less expense than two or thre e—But hoiv much for the two ? I should say Is . or 2 a . more ; say , 7 s . —Then for three ! I would increase tho amount to a very small extent , l ' crhaps , if you speaV : of eight ov ten , these can live on one-fourth the amount itquircd for single individuals . If they could buy a smSrient quantity of food to rnako a mess of it , they might live at a very moderate rate . Some articles are very cheap in this town . —Then , when you say the allowance from the workhouse is an insuit to the poor , you proceed upon tlie supposition that the workhouse has not found out that they have assistance from other soui ces ? They often know that fact , and grant 1111 alWaticu fcosldcs . —And no examples havecome under your observation in which you think the allowance sufficient ? I flon't know one single instance , and I know many instances to the contrary . 1 have known a man
and woman in this city die of starvation . I perhaps don't know any getting relief from the parish ; but the difficulty of getting that relief is so great , that parties have died before they could obtain it . —Could you mention an instance ? Thi-re was a man of the name of M 'Gurry , who was reduced to great destitution . I supported him out of my own pocket tili he got work at the Meadows . lie kept battling on ainiust difficulties , but was overtaken by disease aud death . He died actually of starvation . — -Do you know if parties have the alternative of going into the workhouse ! They have no opportunity . This inau M'Gerry , to whom I allude , had no such alternative , and the mention of his case wi ; l lead to one important observation , lly conviction s , that there will be no good done to the poor of Great Britain till thcro is one law for the three kingdoms . A law for Scotland might do some good , but it would not be thoroughly effected without a . law for tho whole » hree km-dciiis . One reason that leads to this 000 . elusion Is suggested by the caso I havo now rorotiw ' d . K'Q * r / ww born in irttyrf , ktj yxaa to 8 « rtt « r « a ,
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* , i - !¦ , ¦ M , 1 j l V * " - <'¦ t , where he lirc ^ man / Jears . He then went to England , and wasted himse . 'fin waking as a mixer of paint ( a very unhealthy business ) . Hfl » ' . c'urned to Scotland . A question arose with respect to hfo pnrish . With all the little influence I had , I could not obtflu n permanent relief for him . I took him to the charity workiVouse , where he got temporary aid ; but they got tired oflu ' nJ , . 'ind he was at this time supported by myself . —Was ho temperate ! He was .--He could not mako out a good legal settlement 1 . He could not , tlicre was so much difficulty in showing the residence . —Then jou don't bring that forward as an instance in which the workhouse has given a mere illusory allowance to the poor ? Oh no , because this man never got any aid except temporary ; but the temporary aid was so trilling , thatjhe actually , inprocess of time , diedforwaut of the necessaries of life .
What a mass of wretchedness does this evidence disclose ! According to Dr . Hasdtside " destitution is frequently the source of disease , " typhus fever always rages when trade is bad and employment scarce ; indeed , this fell disease is "never totally absent from the dwellings of the poor . " So wretched is the lot of the Edinburgh poor , that "they have otten nothing to boil water in—nothing to put their feet in , if ordered to bathe their feet—no bread or meal for poultices . " The medical men cannot be insensible to these sufferings , and it appears besides mking their lives , too often sacrificed , they tax themselves to alleviate the misery they are compelled to witness , but which the law , or rather the law ' s executors , refuse to relieve . This is highly honourable to tho medical profession , but still of but little avail in stemming tlie flood of wretchedness , of which their patients are the victims . Dr . IIandysidu adds .
tuat irom personal experience , ho knows of persons having been " starvedto death ! " The misery described by Dr . Haxdtside is corroborated by Mr . Johnston , Captain Thomson , and Mr . Macaulay ( besides many others , whose evidence we are unable tp find room even to notice ) . Mr . Macaulay states tl » t he considers the allowance from the workhouse " an insult to the poor . " He knows of " no single instance in which tho allowance given has been suih ' - cicnt . " lie has known individuals to " die of starvation" under the allowance allowed them . Yet after all this , this accumulation of fearful lacts , tho commissioners reluctantly acknowledge that there is some poverty that occasionally the labouring classes are subject to severe privations—that fever " may be fairly ascribed" to these privationsthese admissions they make , still they clianipioniso the system which has permitted , and docs permit , these fearful evils .
We must reserve ( through want of room ) the conclusion of our remarks on tho commissioners report till next week . T ? e cannot leave tlio evidence given above , without malting special reference to that of Dr . Handyside . It will be seen that that gentleman makes oath , that m his opinion as a medical man , the sum of 3 s . Cd ., or 3 s . a-week might make a man , his wife , and four children comfortable ! But he goes lower than that , he adds , that he thinks even 2 s . Cd . a-week might maintain a man , his wife , and four children ! This is not all ; ou his oath ho names a man who lives " very well" on Is . a-week ; and he asserts that that man can exist on 6 d . a-woek for nourishment" very coarse indeed , but yet sufficient . '" This
anchonto oi Auld Reekie must surely be a sight worth seeing . We wonder if he has an ostrich ' s stomach , and so can dine on a piece of granite , or digest a lump of old iron ? If not , the living skeleton must be a veritable Daniel Lambert , compared with this sixpenny Scotchman ! In sober seriousness how could Dr . Hasdtsuhs state such abominable trash , — how could the commissioners receive such fabulous assertions ? With Dr . IIakdysidk ' s opinion compare that of Mr . Macaulay . This gentleman makes oath that in his opinion the sum of 5 s . a week to a single man or woman is the lowest sum that can be allowed , to save them from disease and death , or prevent them having recourse to stealing . Wo detest personalities : in warring with a bad system , we
would fain say as little of individuals as possible ; but a regard for truth and justice compels us to pronounce these views of Dr . IIandyside as most atrocious—false in themselves , and calculated to perpc tuate the injuries the poor have too long borne with . Dr . Hasdyside—as a medical man—knows well that no human being can subsist on Cd . a week . To allot such a sum for the sustenance of man , woman or child , is a cruel mockery , a deliberate scheme of murder . In stating , therefore , that human beings can lire on such a sum , and malic it sufficient , he -was defending the murderous conduct of those who allot such sums to their fellow creatures for their support ; and at the same time encouraging the commissioners to report in favour of , and to sanction such
a murderous system . It is impossible for as te acquit Dr . Hanpyside on the ground of ignorance , we are , therefore , forced to the conclusion , that , to prop up an infamous system , to serve the heritors , and aid the clergy , and " better classes" generally , in their frauds on , and murders of , the poor—lor those bnsc purposes lie gave the evidence ascribed to him . Wo would not for the world ' s wealth , not for any possible consideration , that our name , like that of Dr . HAxrn- - sibs , should—watered with the tears of the wretched , and blighted by the curses of the poor—go down to posterity , as the apologist and supporter of the Sixjmny Scotch Starvation System !
Last Saturday we received the following communication from Dundee , which with much pleasure we give publicity to . We now find that our Duiukc friends were really the first in the field . Their example is of great importance , and wo hope that nothing will induce them to relax in their exertions for the attainment of an efficient and just poor law . The petition is good as far as it goes , but , judging by tlw description sent us , we imagine the _ Aberdeen petition to bo still better , because discussing the bill more fully , and for each evil proposing the requisite remedy . We regret , therefore , that our Aberdeen Mends did not send us a copy of their petition , as its publication in onr columns might have been of great service to other places . Here is the letter from Duaike •— .
Sir , —I observe in your paper of the 21 st ir . st ., an article on the" Amended Scotch Poor Law Bill . I thank you for tho romarks you have made upon it , but at the same time ponnit me to say that we have not allowed the nieasuro to go' on without trying all the meaus in our power to oppose certain of its clauses , which we consider oppressive . We called a public mooting to consider the bill , and agreed to petition both houses of l ' arliament . A copy of the petition I enclose to you . We likewiso sent a delegate to Brechin and Forfar . At tha former placo tlwy agreed to petition both houses ; and we havo had several communications from Montroso , where they are astir in the matter likewise . Vfc have also had communications
from Paisley , and I saw in the Aberdeen Herald of the 21 st , that they had had an out-door meeting thera on tho subject . However , there are many of the towns which yet need rousing from their slumbers . TVe have got our petition sent away , signed by 3000 persons ; its presentation we havo entrusted to Mr . Thos . S . Duncombe . It might havo been moro numerously signed , but we did not wish to be too late . 1 hope you will take notice of this , and if you would be kind enough to give our petition that publicity that is in 3 "our power to give , so that some of the other towns in Scotlaud , where your papor J 3 read , may know the clauses we" object to , I think good would result . By doing so , you wilhmuch obligo tho committee in Dundee . — - ! remain , yours respectfully , Chaulcj T ' alconeb ,
IMo Ww JJonourable Vie Commons 0 / ( he United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in Parliament ammblcd . Tho humble Petition of the undersigned Inhabitants of the Royal Eurgb . of Dundee ; Sheweth , That a Bill has been introduced into your IIonouTable House , entitled , a Bill i ' or the amendment and bettur Administration of tho Laws relating to tlie Poor in Scotland . That certain portions of the said Bill arc extremely objectionable , and will , if sanctioned , be pro : Iuetivc of great injury to the rights nnd interests of the working classes generally , as well as to tho unemployed , the occasional poor , and the destitute .
Tlrat your petitioners most decidedly object to that part of the forty-first clause which confers powers upon the Ldfcal Boards to assess upon all rents down so low as five pounds yearly , without defining any class to be exempted from assessment . Your petitioniTS further object to thai-parl of the sixtysecond clause which deprives all able-bodied persons of any claim to relief when Unemployed , scelv . 3 that , from the improvements ia machinery , the fluctuations in trade , &c , together with a rapidly increasing population , great numbers of the labouring classes may be deprived of all employment without any fault of their
own . Your petitioners further object to the latter part of the sixty-eighth clause , because it substitutes the opinions of the Board of Supervision in place of the present claim to be heard , when aggrieved , in the Court of Session . Your petitioners therefore humbly pray that tho Bill may be altered and amended in so iiir as that the objectionable parts may bo struck out altogether , and tliat a clause or clauses bo inserted excmpiing all labourers , artizans , and working men whoso sole income is daily or
weekly wage or hire of labour , from all assessment , recognising their right to relief when unemployed and destitute , and that the right or privilege of being heard in the Court of Session remain to us as it is and has been for ages . Your petitioners further pray , that a clause be added to the Bill at the cud of the sixty-first section , providing that no poor person of a sane mind shall be forced against their will into any Poor House , and that such rcftisal shall form no ground for depriving them of their out-door relief or aliment . And your petitioners will ever pray .
V """ Holi.Owa'y'S Ointment Act Pills.—Debtors' Prison Insvninw. Whitccross-Street.—Extraordinary Care
v """ Holi . owa'y ' s Ointment act Pills . —Debtors' Prison InSvninw . Whitccross-street . —Extraordinary Care
Of Scrofula by the . use ot one large pot 01 uinuneni aiid a box of 1 'ills . Captain Jarvig , an inmate oi the above prison , had , for ten years past , several dreadful scrofulous ulcers on his legs and other parts of his body , which resisted every other kind of treatment , Eh case was so desperate as to confine him for several mwUts t » tbo jnfinnaryi wtil he vaa IttiraQufyaslr <^ bjth « w « tiweewe 4 Wwft *
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Lo . vdo . x Coutf Excha . voe , Mosdav , Juxb 30 . — Tlie arrival of English wheat was rather large during the past week for the time of year , and good supplies of flour and malt came to hand , but the receipts o £ barley , ouls , beans and peas from our own coast and Scotland were extremely eiiinll , From Ireland n part of the long-lookc ( i-for fleet of vessels oat laden Arrived , and wo had also a good supply of this grain from abroad . Of the 7400 qrs . foreign wheat reported , more than half is from iJantzic ; and above 1000 quarters from Launccston . The weather lias , since Thursday , been unsettled , and though hitherto productive ot no injury , the change has influenced the wheat trade , and at all the markets held on Saturday an advance of Is . to 2 s . per qr . was established . A t ? . f ; irklauc to-day there was a small show of samples bv land carnago from Essex , Kent , and Suffolk , and though some improvement has taken place in tlie weather , since Saturday , factors insisted on Is . tier quarter ,
more lor gooa qualities , and a fair amount of business was done at the enhancement . Forei g n free wheat was uQt much enquired for , but the trifling sales cilected were at very full terms . Bonded parcels were held at least 2 s . per qr . lf ! Shcl . tti .- . n on this day sennight . I-resh-ground flour , whether of townou country , manufr , cture , brought quite last Monday ' s currency . I ' -nghsh barley being scarce was heldVirmhv nut the demand was by no menus lively and prices remained nominally unaltered . The foctorsVdusinir to give way much , tlio dealers purchased oats cautiously , still the transactions wore rather extensive at a decline of about lid . per qr . There were not many beans fresh up , and late terms were about supported . Peas were likewise quite as dear as on this day week . Canarysccd continues to Cuinc forward rather freely , and prices had a downward tendency this morning . In other kinds of seeds there was little or nothing passing . CUHUENT rUICES OP CHAIN , PER IMPERIAL
QUAJtTKlt .-l ? Mfis / i . s s s s Wheat , Bsscs , » t Kent , new & old red 43 49 White 48 Hi Norfolk and Lincoln . . . . do H i $ Ditto 40 b'l Northum . ami Scotch white < 3 48 Vine 49 S * Irish red old 0 0 Red i ' i 45 White 4 T 4 » Nye Old SO 31 Kew 28 30 . Branfc 31 35 Barloy Grinding .. 23 28 Distil . 27 30 Halt . 31 88 Malt Brown .... & > 51 Pale C 3 09 Waro CO C 2 Beans Ticks 0 I 1 I&newSli 37 Harrow 3 S S !) Pigeon 41 43 Peas Grey 3 s 38 J . ' ai . la 87 SS White 88 40 Oats Lineolns it Yorkshire Peed ' 11 24 Poland 24 2 <> — - Scotch , » i : us 23 2 S Potato 26 23 Irish "tt'luu 21 24 Black 21 23 PerifS 01 b . net . s s Por 2 d 01 b . net . s s Town-mado Flour ... 43 45 Xwfolk & Stockton 33 % Esses aud Kent . . . . 35 38 I Irish 35 sr >
Tree . Bond . Foreign , as is Wheat , Dantsic , Konigsburg , &C ..,,,. SS 08 8 S 43 Marks , Mecklenburg 01 54 33 3 & Danish , llolstein , arid Priesland red 43 46 28 SS Russian , Hard 44 46 Soft . . . 44 4 « 2 S 3 D Italian . Red . -17 48 Whito ... SI 32 32 35 Spanish , Hard . 4 G 48 Soft ... 43 50 „ «? Bye , Baltic , Dried , ... 28 SO Undried . $ m 22 " ! JJarlcy , Grinding . 24 . 28 Maltin- ; . . is 3 » 1 < J oi Beans Ticks . . 34 SG Egvntmn 31 r , A ~ w W mite .. 37 39 Maple . 30 37 2 s £ Oats , Dutch , Brow and Thick ...., % & o ? B Russian feed . " *{ & i \ $ l . ¦ Danish , IVieslaud . feed . i ... » , S . " H „ Flour , per barrel ' . ' . " 4 % 13 ^ 1 ' '
Umm Smitiiitrld Catile JiLujkik , Mosdw , " \ June o 0 . —During the past week , ending Saturday ' evening , tha imports oi'livc stock from abroad into ¦ ' LonbOnwcn again oxtensive-tlie Koplunuu , from - : Hamburgh , bringing 33 oxen ; the Ocean , 39 cews - ' 33 oxen , 9 iambs , and 12 calves ; the Batavicr 3 « j •; oxen and com ; and the Giraffe , 40 oxen and cows from Rattordam . —bcing a total import of 150 head , ot beasts . At llnll , upwards of 400 oxen and cows " ' . havo beon received in the above period . The number of foreign beasts on sale here to-day was small viz — 48 , a large portion of which was of very middling " quality ; nevertlielosa they were speedily disposed of . at extreme currencies . From our own grazing districts , tho arrivals of beasts fresh up this moraiV were very limited for the time of year ; while there was nothing amongst them remarkable for excellence of quality . The dead markets being tolerably well cleared of their late country supplies , and the
attendance of buyers rather numerous , the beef trade wag active , at an advance on Friday ' s quotations of 2 d . per Sib ; while , in some instances , the rates ruled somewhat higher than those obtained on Monday last—the priinest Scots readily producing -la . 3 d . pep 81 b , and at which a good clearance was readily effected . From Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , nnd Cambridgshire , we received -150 Scots and shorthorns ; from the north of England—a portion coming per railway from tho neighbourhood of Newcastle—300 shorthorns , &c . ; from the western ami midland connties ' 100 Ilcreibrds , runts , lAevons , disc . ; from other parts of England , 400 of various breeds ; aiid from bcotland , 400 horned and polled Scots . The nuinbe . 's of sheep were very small . For most breed . ? the demand was in a slusgisli stale , at barely previous figures . The lamb trade was steady , at lull rates of currency in every insianee . In calves only a moderate business was doing , at barely last week ' s currencies . The samo may bs said of ' pirn .
By the quantities of 31 b ., sinking the ofia ' .. r „ . , s . d . s . d . Inferior coarse beasts ... 3 2 3 S Second quality .... 3 10 4 0 Prime large oxen .... 4 2 i 4 Frfano Swits , &c 4 C 4 S Coarse interior sheep . , , 3 2 3 C Secourt quality .... 3 8 4 i Prime coarse wooi' . ed . . . 4 fi 4 g Prime Southdown . . . 4 10 go Iambs 5 0 0 0 Large coavsa calves . . , . 3 8 4 i-Prime small 4 0 4 10 Suckling ealvos , each . . . 18 0 so 0 large hogs 3 0 3 S Neat small porkers ... 3 10 4 2 Quarter-old store pig ? , each . . IC 0 20 Q
HEAD OP CXTtlT . OV SALE . ( From the Bocfts of tha Cork of the Srar ' aCU Beasts , L > , 3 : ? 5- £ he 6 i > nnd Lambs , i ^ yso-Calves 2 ° 0-Pijjs , 25 S . Richmond Cork Maiikst , Satcisdat , Jcm 28 . — \\ e had a tolerable supply ofsrnin in our market today . Wheat sold from os . Od . to 7 s . Cd . ; oats ° h 10 d to 83 . Gd . ; barley 4 s . to 4 s . 3 d . ; beans -is . Ud . to os . per bushel .
Liverpool Cons Market , Monday , Juxe 30 . Several cargoes of Canadian produce and manufacture have arrived this week ; un to to-dav there iH reported 423 qrs . of wheat , 14 , 310 barrels of Hour , and 27-it qrs . peas , but there are several cargoes yet unreported . From our own coast the arrivals of . gram , meal , and Hour arc again moderate . The import duty on barley lias advanced to 0 . $ . per quarter , which forma the only alteration this week . Dm-in * - thejast three or four days the weather has been variable , —frequent showers , with a changeable temperature . More firmness has consequently been imparted to tho wheat trade , ami though the business
ot tho week has not boon extensive , the millers am ! dealers have takeu more freely of Irish , paying tl » extreme prices of last Tuesday . Foreign duty-paid wheat has had little attention * but in bond two or throe cargoes of Rostock have changed hands , on speculation , at 4 s . Sd . per TOlbs . ' Sack flour has met a fair moderate demand ; of the recently imported Canadian no sales of moment transpired up to to-day . Both oats and oatmeal have boo n little inquired lor —2 s . Ild . to 8 s . pcr 45 lbs ., aml 2 is . to 24 s . Od . per - . , 2401 bs ., may be considered full qnotations for thcr ''••"" better qualities . In barley , beans , and peas very little has been done , and prices continue as last reported .
Manchester Conx Market , Satcsdat , Jnre 23 . —Although tho weatlier since our last report has been somewhat snowery , a :-d , at times , cold for tho season , it has not been altogether unfavourable for tlic crops until yesterday , when wo had rain without intermission throughout the day . Thore was consequently , little or no change in the trade dnrin ' " tho week , the transactions of every article havin * beca wholly confined to the operations of necessitous buyere , with a view to their immediate wants , in . which prices were without any material alteration . At our market thfe morning rather a firmer fcelinf was manifested , in consequence of the weather still wearing an unsettled aspect . Thcro was , however , only a limited business passing in any article , but tho previous currency was maintained .
Urns Conx Market , Tvkstuy , Jew 1 . —Fresh supplies of all grain aro small for this day ' s market . T £ e had some hmy rain early in the morning , and this , together with the noted improvement in Mark-lane , yesterday , caused wir millers to buy more freelvtban ot late , and an advance of Is . to 2 s . per quarter has been established ; there is , however , less doing in chambered wheats , although they arc held for higher prices . Oats and beans arescarco . aud rather dearer . Ko material chango occurs in the value of oilier articles . Leeds Cloth Markets . —During the past week there lms l > een a fair amount of business transacted at the Cloth Halls and warehouses . In the latter , both , for the home and foreign trade . Several houses liava been rather busily engaged in shipping off . Light fancy fabrics , suited for the markets of India and China , and others were preparing shipments of goods of a heavier description for the various mark * of Lurope , although the busy period for tho latter trade , has scarcely yet arrived . Wcol keeps up , and prices remain about the same .
Maltox Corx Market , Juxb 28 . —We haaro a fair suppl y of wheat offering to t ! iis day ' s market , but short of barley and oats , which sold at last week ' s rates . —Wheat , red , 47 s . to 51 s . ; white ditto , COs . to Sis . per qr . of 40 stones . Barley , 27 s . to 30 s . pet 32 stone , oats , lid . to 12 d . per stone . Yon « Corn Market , Saturday , Jcxe 2 S . —We have a moderate supply of grain at our market this morning , and in consequence of the weather bein " rather unsettled at Resent , the farmers are nqc inclined to sell without tfiey can obtain a greater advance than our faetcrs are inclined to give , theiiftrfe we have but very few Hiles effected . * JL orsK ? ° ???? Fair > JraE 26 .-rWel ) adoiilya thin supply of iafc beasts , making freia 6 b . 0 d . to 7 & ^ Ah vlL ^ 3 yoAa-ato s « pt 4 y ttffeMl tttfpt imk » met BJ $ 9 M $ aiebt togtiws .-. ' -.. * L
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Untitled Article
THE LAND ! muunwat iana was flttar . y a Eii . ! . ; : iUai , IVho enrs'd the tyranny to rrhich hs bent ; The soil foil many a tvringing desjtet saw , Who workM his wantonness in fans of law . Svrou . "k people amons whom equality reigned , would j , i ssess everything they wasted where they possessed the raeins of subsistence . "Wh y should they pursue additional -wealth cr territory ? No man can cultivate mwi than a certain portion of land . "—GodvAa . tub r . Avn ,
" Xo < , iit : is aUe to produces charter from heaven , or bfts any better titk to a particular possenioa than , ' his BMglibonr . "—PdLty . "There could be no such thing as landed property « i » inallv . Man did not roalte the earth , aad , though he had n naturalrightto occupy it , he had no rkht to locate as lot pnputg in perpetuity any part of it ; neither did tlsc Creator of the earth open a laud office , from whence the £ rst title deeds should issue . "— Thomas Paine . The land shall not hs sold for ewr . —ifo »« . " There is no fouadatiouin natare or in natural law rfiy a set of words upon parchment should convey the dominion of land . " —Blachitone . " The land or earth , in any country or neighbourhood , with everything in or on the same , or pertaining thereto , belongs at all tiates to the lifing inhabitants of the said country or neighbourhood in an equal manner . For there is co living but oalaadandiis productions ; consequently ,-what we cannot live without , we liavefhe same property in as in our lives . "— Tliomas Spence .
" The landisthepe-ople ' sinheritance ; and tings , princes , peers , nobles , priests , and commoners , who have stolen ii from them , hold it upon the title of popular ignorance , rather llmu upon any right , human or divine . "—Fcarous OCoaM .: " Jly reason teaches me that land cvmot le sold . The Great Spirit gave it toliis children to livsuj > OTl , audcnltirate , as far as is necessary &r their subsistence ; and so long as tliev occupy and cultivateit , tLey have tlie right to the ioil—1-ut if they voluutarily leave it , then any other pcapleliavc a right lo settle upon it Nothing can he sold , lmt such tilings as can bo carried away . "—THack JUxwk . "Every individual possesses , legitimately , tic Viin $ ¦ which iiis labour , his intelligence ( or more generally ) , lriiich his ti-thilv has created .
" Tins principle is meontestible , and it is well to remark that it contains espressly an acknowledgment of the right of all to llie sofl . For as the soil has not been created by him , it follows from the fundamental principle of property , thst it cannot belong to any small portion of the human race , who hare created it by their activity . Let us then conclude that the true theory < if yroptrtf is founded on the' creation of Vie thing poxctKd . ' "—Fourier . " If man has aright to tight , air . and water , wliic ' a no one will attempt to question , he has a right also to the fond , which is just S 3 necessary for the maintenance of bis subsstence . If every person had an equal share of the soil , poverty would be unknown in the world , and crime would disappear with want , " —Hike Walsh . " As the nature and wants of all men arc alike , the wants of all must be equal ; and as human existence is dependent on the same contingencies , it follows that the great field for all exertion , aud tho raw material of all -wealth , ihc < erth , is the common proptrtv of all its inhawtants . "—John Francis Bray .
" TVlat monopoly inflicts erilB of such magnitude as itat of land \ Hit Me sole larrier & > > udi }» al j *^^ Tfae jieopfr , the only creators of wealth , possess knowledge ; they possess industry ; and if thev possessed land , they could set all other monopolies at defiance : they would then be enabled to employ machinery for thoir ov . ii benefit , and the world would bshold with delight and astonishment the beneficial effects of this ini-litT tngiae when properly directed . "—Autkor of UtC "Hereof oj
Untitled Article
Joly 5 , 1845 . "— ' . l ^ -HHMM STAR . __ 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 5, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1322/page/7/
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