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ODDFELLOWSHIP.
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THE SJSC'KUT COMPANY I A MEDICAL . Y'ORK on nervous dcUml T' 1 cealed cav » of the decline of pllvsic ., a . V 1 loss of mental capacity , with remark ' s on t ! & Sm i solitary indigence , neglected gonorrhea LlHri 1 condary symptoms , &c , and moile of treatment f ' H by observations on marriage , with propci . dl , ; . % M the remoral of all disqualifications . Illustrated t ( * H graving , stowing- the evils arising from t , J % t ffl cury , « nS its influence on tlie foody . ° ' § s& By Jt . J . Brodie and Co ., Consulting Surtreo .. * r HI published by the Authors , and ^ b « % , M wood , GUbert , aud Piper , Patcrnostcr-row-M ^ ' - Hi 114 , Chancer / . lane ; Mr . Pm-Mi * CcnVton 7 > 11 Soho ; Ilannay and Co ., C 3 , Oxford-street- ] j , ** HI Brydges-street , Covent-garden ; Govdon . Uc ic . ' i ' i HH street lonilon ; IWwrto , Derty ; Sntton , V £ > M Nottingham ; Gardiner , Gloucester ; Fryer , Lath- it f i Pi Cheltenliifin ; Keone , Bath ; Cooper , Leicester c-, p ^ 111 Wolverhampton ; Jeyes , Northampton ; Piri-cr tT ' > Hi ford ; Turner , Coventry ; Slattcr , Oxford v * ' H ton , Church-street , and Ross and Xighti ,,, ^ i - ifi Hide-office , Liverpool ; Ferris and Score , Cuiwi \ . 5- ^ M Bristol ; Wood , High-street , Guest , BiiU-strect IiiC- *' fM ham ; Collins , St . Jlary-street , Portsmouth ; {[^ l- Mi Nelson-street , Greenwich ; Davis , Bernard-strcet , $ « ' $ J | ampton ; aud by all booksellers in town and country ^ ' W& OPINIONS OF THE PllESS . ' |||| This is a work of great merit , and should be i . l M , i . Ill the hands of every young man who is sufteringfrom , '' "HI folly and indiscretion . It contains many valuable u-m ill and its perusal is certain to benefit him in inaiiv w-iv ' WBt London Mercantile Journal . ' ~ { SB The authors of this valuable work evidentl y welhm , i Hfl stand the subject upon which they treat ; ami this i 3 a HI best guarantee we can give those persons to whom i ' HH likely to prove serviceable . It is a publication wliicli cV * Hi and ought to be , placed in the hands of every voim- ' Wes to guide him among the temptations of the world t IU which he may be subjected . —Kentish Mercury , Wm THE C 011 DIAL BALM OP ZEYLAN 1 CA ; or , Xature ' j HI Grand Restorative ; is exclusively directed to the cure oi ^ S nervous sexual debility , syphilis , obstinate gleets , irr ^ ill larity , weakness , impotency , barrenness , loss of invpctit « wm indigestion , consumptive habits , and debilities , arising tH from venereal excesses , < Ssc . It is a most powerful ani ill useful medicine in all cases of syphilis , constitutional | H weakness , or any of the previous symptoms wliidi imlicius HI approaching dissolution , such as depression of the sitiirits 1111 fits , headache , wanderings of the mind , vapours and ' Hi melancholy , trembling or shaking of the hands ov linibs § disordered nerves , obstinate coughs , shortness of breath ' |§| and inward wastings , ' p | This medicine should be taken previous to persons en . Wm tering into the matrimonial state , to prevent the offspring suffering from the past imprudence of its parents , or in . hei'iting any seeds of disease , which is too ft'euuCHtly tli «; || $ case . Sold in bottles , price 4 s . Cd . and 11 s . each , or th 5 1 || quantity of four in one family bottle , for 33 s ., by wliicfc $ ! M ono 11 s . bottle is saved . ? M Tho £ 5 cases ( the purchasing of which will be a savin * W& of £ 112 s . ) may be had as usual . Patients in the country ? fl who require a course of this admirable medicine , should lM send £ 5 by letter , which will entitle them to the full benefe £ m ofsuchadvautage . : : m BRODIE'S PU 1 UFYIKG VEGETABLE HLLS | | universally acknowledged to be the best and surest remedy f 5 js for the cure of the Venereal Disease in both sexes , in . j | ss eluding gonorrhoea , gleets , secondary symptoms , stiic . | f tures , seminal weakness , deficiency , anil all diseases of Sffi the urinary passages , without loss of time , confinement , or p hindrance from business . These pills , which do not con- -M tain mercury , have never been known to fail in effecting , t ' m cure , not only in recent , but in severe cases , where s : ili . p vation and other treatment lias been ineiVicicnt ; a perse- - ^ verance in the Purifying Vegetable l'ills , in which Messrs . ? $ Brodie have happily compressed the most purifying and |;| healing virtues of tho vegetable system , and which is of ps the utmost importance to those afflicted with scorbutic H affections , eruptions on any part of the body , ulcevations , ^ scrofulous or venereal taint , will cleanse the blood from & all foulness , counteract every morbid affection , mid re- 2 $ store weak and emaciated constitutions to pristine health fI and vigour . ' jSaj Price Is . lid ., 2 s . ' 3 d ., 4 s . Cd ., and lls . per bos . M Observe the signature of " II . J . Urotlie and Co ., | | London , " impressed on a seal in red wax , aflixed to ^ each bottle and box , ns none else are genuine . || Sold by all medicine vendors in town and country . ! Ji Be sure to ask for lirodie's Cordial Balm of Z «} . ^ lanicn , or Nature's Grand Restorative , and Purifying Vc- p getable Pills . | Messrs . Brodie and Co ., Surgeons , may be consulted , as | ji usual , at 27 , Jtontague-street , Russell-square , Lomlon , : S from eleven o ' clock in the morning till eight in the even- jl ing , and on Sundays from eleven o ' clock till two . ' ^ Country patients arc requested to be as minute as yos . £ j sible in the detail of their cases . The communication f must be accompanied with the usual consultation fee ol * < i £ 1 , and in all cases the most inviolable secresy may be re- . ? lied on . * § _ If 3 . —Country druggists , booksellers , anil patent inedi- i cino venders can be supplied with any quantity of Brodic ' s {• Purifying Vegetable Pills , and Cordial JJalm of Ktyhwta , ' i with the usual allowance to the trade , by the principal % wholesale patent medicine houses in London . ' : Only one personal visit is required io effect a permanaA )' OKI'S . Observo!—27 , Montaguc-strcet , Russell-square , London . : j
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' - ' ' s - s s .. is a ed ALL MAY BE CU 11 EDU ? BY IIOLLOWAY'S . OINTMENT . I FIFTY ULCEltS CURED IN SIX WEEKS . | TpXTKACTofaLettevfvomJohnMartin . Esq ., Chronicle % JU Ollice , Tobago , West Indies : — Pebvuavj 41 U , 1 S 15 . \ To Professor Ilollowa ' y . I Sir , —I beg to inform you that thu inhabitants of this | island , especially tlio . se who cannot afford to employ m « H- h cal gentlemen , are very anxious of bavins your astonishing I medicines within their reach , from the immense buialits k | some of them have derived from their use , as they have X been found here , in several cases , to cure sores and ' uleMS •! of the-most malignant and desperate kind . One gentle- % man in this island , who had , I believe , about fifty running % ulcers about his legs , arms , and body , who had tried all > other medicines before the arrival of yours , but all of % which did him no good ; but yours cured him in about six % weeks , and lie is now , by their means alone , ( uiitc restored | to health anil vigour . ( Signed ) John Maktis . | Piles , Fistulas , and hearings-doivn . | A REMA 11 K . M 1 LE CUKE I 1 Y THESE PlLLS AND OlSTMEXT . 6 —A half-pay lieutenant , lately residing at St . Holier ' :-, | Jersy , whose name \> y request is omitted , had for three | years suftered from piles and fistula , besides a m-nors ! | bearing down , of the most distressing nature , ire li : til j twice undergone an operation , but to no purpose , an-l at I last gave himself up to despair . Yet , v . otwUhsl : mfe 1 tins complication of complaints , together with a di-Wli- | tatcd constitution , he was completely cured of all his in- I finmtics , and restored to the full enjoyment of health by I these justl y renowned medicines , when every other means I had failed . j Jixlraordinanj Cure in ihe Vest Indies , oflcprOM , aitiOlliir direful skin diseases . „ _ June 3 rd , ISM . Mv . Lewis neerton , of Georgetown , Dcmerara , writes , | tinder the above date , that Hollowny's Pills and Ointment ! have cured bad legs that no doctor could manage , ulcers and sores that wove of the most dreadful description , ns likewise leprosy , blotches , scales , and other skin diseases Of the most frightful nature , and tlmt the cures cllortc ! there by these wonderful medicines are bo numerous ami extraordinary as to astonish the whole population . CanceredBreast —A Wonderful Circumstance . Copy of a Lettei- from Richard Bull , bootmaker , Tatton , near Southampton : — February 9 fh , 1 S 43 . To Professor Holloway . SU-, —The Tiord lias permitted to bu wrought a wonderful cure of cancers or abcesscs , of twelve years' standing , in my wife ' s breast . In tlie latter part of the time , eleven wounds were open at once . The faculty declared the case as past cure , several pieces of bone had come away , anil I exiiccted . that my poov wife would soon have been taken from me . It was then that a friend recommended the use of your pills and ointment , which , to our utter astonishment , in the space of about three months , healed up the breast as soundly as ever it was in her life , 1 shall ever remain , Your most grateful and obedient servant , ( Signed ) RicnAHD JIcll . 11 hectiwj on the Chesl « n <{ Shortness ofllrcalh Copy of a Letter from Mr . Jeremiah Casey , No 1 , Coinp-Um-place , Compton-street , Brunswick-smiare , London , April i . ' 5 th , 1 S-15 : — \ To PvofcSSQV llottownv . j Sir , —I beg to inform you tlmt I believe I had been , fin : mow than three years , one of the greatest mlfcrcn in «« world wuh chronic asthma . J Tor weeks together my : breath was frequentl y so short that I w . « afraid ever ? moment of being choked with phlegm . I never went into a bed ; yi-ry often , indeed , I have been obliged to im » tho , night without being able to recline sullicientlv to lav my : licnd on a table , lost I should be suffocated . > « «» , | thought I should live over the winter , nor did I expect it ; myself ¦ but I am happy to say that I am now able to worfe l V . " ! mm )' $ t 0 " > Sl > t , and that . I sleep as well as ever I . did in my life ; and this miracle ( I may say ) was eiJucteU [ by rubbing your invaluable ointment twice a day into my ( chest , and taking ten of your pills at bedtime , ami tea _ again in the morning , for about three months . ( Signed ) Jlkejuah Casev . v In all Diseases of iue Skis , bad legs , old wounds and \ ulcers , bad breasts , sore nipples , stouy \ ind ulcerated can" ccrs , tumours , swellings , gout , rheumatism , and luiubn ^ , j likewise in cases of Piles , Hollowny ' s Pills in all the nl'ove n i-ases , ought to be used with the Ointment ; as by this " means cures will be effected with a much greater certainty , and in half the time that it would require by using & the Ointment alone . The Ointment is proved to be » ; - certain remedy for the bite of nioschetocs , saml-tito ¦ l elwego-foot , yaws , coco-bay , and all skin diseases coinnion ! ' to the East and West Indies , and other tropical climes . S liurns , Scalds , Chilblains , Chapped Hands and L ¥ > s also Jimiions and Soft Corns , will be immediately cur " u by the use of tlie Ointment . i Sold by the Proprietor , 24-1 , Stvaud ( neav Temy le L ' 11 - 1 • London ; iUid b y all respectable vendors of !»«»' S medicines throughout the civilised world , in pots am a boxes , at Is . lid ., 2 s . Oil ., -is . Gil ., 11 s ., 22 s ., and 38 s . «* 1 . _ There is : i very considerable savin" in biking ti " - ' lill " j- sizes , = : d N-15 - Directions for the guidance of Patients arc a&cd to each pot and bos .
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS . For Uie Week commencing Jfondau , Aug . ti /» , 1843 . tExtractcd from a Dmrref Actual Operations on five smallfannson tlic estates of thektc Jlrs . D . Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on tlic estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaitlnraite , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Noweil of Favnley Tyas , near Huddcrsnclu , in order to mide other possessors of field gardens , by showing th 6 ni xriiat labours ought to be undertaken on their own lauds . The farms selected as models are—Fir « t Two school farms at Willin ^ don and Eastdean ~ oi
five acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of live or six acres : one worked by Jesse l'iper , the other bv John Dumhrell—the former at Eastdcan , the latter at Jerington-aH of them within a few miles of Eastbourne , lliird . An industrial school farm at Slaithwute . Fourth . Several private model farms licav the samoplacc J hecoiiseeative operations in these reports vail enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of Jinglaud . Ihe Dunr is aided by "Xotesand Observations from the pen of Mr . Xowell , calculated for tiie tune and season , which we subjoin .
" The wisest men—the greatest philosophers—after in -ram seeking for happiness in every varictv of pursuit iiave found it iu the cultivation of the ground . " « Oie . —The school farms are cultivated lyloys , «•/<» * n return for tltrce hours teacliing in die morning , give lime / tours of t / itir labour in the afternoon Joy the matter ' s benejU , ivldchrendcrs tftc schools selfsn'ponnxo . We Irficvc that at Fandy Tyas sixsevcntlis of die produce of Hie sc / tsol farm will be assigned to tlte lops , and onc-scvaith to t ! te master , who mil receive ilie usual sdtool fees , help Ute boys to cultivate tlttir land , and teach diem , in addition to reading , writing , < fcc , to convert itar produce into lacon , by attending to pig-icccping , which at Chrhtmas may be divided , after paying rent and levy , amongst than in proportion to their services , and ie made thus indirectly toreadi tharparenttin a way tin mott grateful to ifteir feelings . ]
SUSSEX . iiosD&T—WHlingdon School . —Boys were reaping wheat , l'iper . Digging the ground where the rye came up , and mending a rod of Income with liquid . Dumhrell . Digging up tare ground and sowing turnips on the same . Tcesdat—Witlingtlvn ¦ School . Boys reaping wheat . liper . Sowing while turnips * on the ground where the tares came off . Bumbrcll . Hoeing carrots , turnips , reaping peas , and mixing dung and mould . Wedxesbat— li'illingdon School . Boys reaping wheat . l'ijicr . Gleaning mancel vursel and carrots , and carrying mould to the dung-mixen . Lumbrell
Heaping peas , hoeing turnips and putting on 100 gallons of liquid to 4 rods or 121 square yards of Italian lye-giass after mowing . T ] icrsday—U ? t /; n < K&nt School . Boys reaping a quarter nf _; in acre of peas . J ' qxr . Reaping wheat . Lumhrell . Digging up the ground , and mending the pig pouud . f 5 bibat—iriftiiwtfon Sdiool . Boys hoeing swede turnips , sown after mangel wurzel had failed . 1 'iper . Reaping wheat and mauling a rod of lucerne with liquid . JJamlrdl . Digging up tare ground , mendlug pig pound , and sowing cabbage seed . Sixnuoxs—Willing doa Sdool . Boys hoein" swede turnips . 1 'ijKr . Reaping wheat . " DumlreU . Hoeing turnip i and reaping wheat .
COW-FEEDIXG . Wittingdon Sdiool . The cows were eating the second cut oi clover . Dumlrcll . One cow grazed in the day , and stall-fed vrith Italian rye-grass till Wednesday , tue remainder of the week with tares . Another , on Monday on lGOFos . Italian rye-erass , Tuesday en lOOIbs . lucerne , for the two following days and Saturdav on lOOSis . tares , on tares and cabbage on Friday Ilie heifer on GJlbs . of tares each day mtU a few cabbages on Fridav .
The Economising of Man-due , Mix ' s Dnr axd Ixxeuesi . —And here we cannot-fait to admire the -wisdom of the design , which is doubtless intended , to lead mankind imperceptibly , as it were , into habits and practices necessary to the existence of our species . We sec that iu the processes of the animal economy , whereby life is sustained , there are formed , iSjparatcd , and voided from the animal organism substances , endowed with qualities offensive to our senses , nauseous in proportion to their value , particularly to tJie sense of smell , so that we arc compelled to get rid of them ; and which require of man that lie shall _ pat them away , or bury them forthwith , out of his sight * in our common parent the earth . The penalty for the utter r . eglcet of this duty would be
lammc , pestilential disease , awl a train of human alls . Xcvcrtlieless , in these things , thought to be so Titteny vile and offensive-in their nature , are contamed " pearls of great price , " indeed above any price ; which , if husbanded and duly couimin <* led witlitlie earth he cultivates , arc tlic means of suslamm life by ihc production of his fcod . Let us not say that the fungus is a choice product of the dunghill , without remembering that our own existence dejtends upon elemental matter derived from that JiuniWc source . How necessary then it is , that men and nations should attend to an object of such pnmary importance to their existence 11 Uo * . t deep the obligation we avc uudev to atlead lo the economising of all the manures created near our abodes as oae of the first of duties .
Iiie 1-jelU-Garbexek Compelled to Economise ins Miscbe . —His operations being confined to a small area , seldom more than four or live acres of imd , he is ob % «! , in a space so confined and with jiimted means , t-3 practise this necessary economy -lie is earJr taught to value Ms cow or pie , as uOfc merekyiddins him a certain quantity ofimlir , or animal footlpL'Utr-iIso -as producing him the manure absolutely necessary for his future operations . The covaad tne i > :: j are his machines for the manufacture of manure , and if its supply be deficient , he goes not to obtain it elsewhere , bufsetsnpaiiew maeamc for its production , in the shape of an ad
uonal cow or a y \ g . Jiciicc he will husband it with the greatest car « : lsnnuring as he does cycyv crop necessity compels him to do so , he knows his fabours ' "Without this economy , would be exerted in Tain ' IlencerJso , for the most part , arises the superiority of small over large farms , in regard to their amount of produce . Ecoxosrr op Mascee ix Tl . vxde : ; s . — Straii"Crs are . perfectl y , astonished by the frequent mamirfnss oi the licmish farmer , and are led to wonder how all the manure is obtained , uutil th = y observe more minutely the method of soiling cattle ' < te . In everv
, town and village you observe the greatest cleanliness " for their pavements and all dirty places are carcfiillr swept with brooms , and hourly resorted to by pro iessed scavengers as sources <; f profit ; every particle oi vegetable or animal refuse is sought out with "iv . it avidity for this i » urnosc : and in 1 'laadess , as iss Cmna , inamire is quite an article of trade . Tlic selling pnee of each description is accurately defined lowns let the clcausiua of tlie streets and public retiring places at great rates ; and wC aro informed » y iJ . Oliantal , " that there arc in every town sworn orokcrs expressly for the nurnosc of valuin-r ni . ri , t
soil ; and tbat these brokers know the exact dA-oe at feriucsitatiou in that mar . ure Avhich suits cverv ri « i « of vegetable at the different periods of its Cow Lodoes —Tf then the collection , and applica tion to the soil of all the manure created near our auodes is the chief point , the very foundation of rood Jiusbandry , a Jew iiractical directions derived from cxpenenee , with hints relative toaflsirs of such isul » ortantc , may lie acecptalao to the raader T } ie commencement
of tue majiufaelurc of manure is in the cattic-house , therefore let every exertion L-e irade t-i nave the place eomplele . Let the building itself stand higu and dry , audif possible let the ni > h » als stand st either ccdof it , fating each other wiihu paved ro . i-1-way betwixt for the coavcnicicc of fce ; ' - ingtjiem . Hiss road-way must be a tUoroivufave with spacious doonvars , so liiat yourforasc cart mav ua « " : ^ ptol ythi ^ k ile lniiUinftimf ^ itoSrJlt tile Tub uiay toss slwn fccd on C > ith '" ' limid ^
Feepkg Tiioccns .-. TlifT ought to be fed out of stone , or brickwork i ) H » : s or troughs ; i ] i C fonner juay be easily formed b y placing a double row of flag-stones on both sides of the ihorou-hfrre and ^ y a ^ t ltccw-W partly within TLean » in . d , at about thirty mclics from cacll Other , wiiii the -ow iiwuest citucr fide of such thoroughfare stendin * about ayardaoovc the door , and that nc-vst thS cattle abuut two feet . Let the bottom ami thceiidoscd space so formed , be paved and difjJc-d with stones as convenient distances ; when , with : ; \\«\\ x l-Ail of wood running rouuJ the foj ! and boit-1 to ' ti ' - stones , ascrics of fa-lin trou-hs wiU bo formed aud licla iirmiy together . Gctteus , &c . wnais the Cow Lowse . —The cows inay be ranged with the b : nns in front , and tied in the «? ual manner . _ Tj : cy must enter at a door of ordinary s ; ze , close jn each co ! -ncr of thebmhHn" - and pass along the group to their stalls , whil- - > t tlTA
corner opposite a small opeain « provided with -i door must be Jcfs for tiic cjecuoij of their manure , 'i'hh aonn , as n is termed in Yoikslihe , or space behind tne cattle , must be at least four feet broad most ac curatelyittved , and the joints well cemented The payings ought to be laid down n ] Nm davpniUIIe or well rammed eartli , and must incline to a i-hai ' in « l or jnitter c : ! t out of ihcsolid , to a depth of two iu .- ! . « in stones jai « down i : i one cf . mijmous line , uj . on ' weli ramnicu clay puddie , sad jchued with tlic best cement lluslmeo . siows mast liavcaa inflinaiton to the manure hole , and pass under it , through ti-ew- 'l
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¦ 1 MB———I ^ M ^———¦ so that the liquid manure may run freely from the floor , where it is received from the cattle , and afterwards be collected in , and conveyed by the gutter to the tank , placed for itsreception without the
building- - . - " CmccLAiiox of Are is the Cow Lodge , —With two spacious doorways in front , and one of common size behind , and themanure holes , but all of them placed so that no currents of co ) d air from without may come in contact with the animals , we may depend on a free circulation of the atmosphere , and that the internal temperature , in summer , will be more agreeable and cooler , in general , than that without . In summer time these doorways may remain quite open during the day , and he only closed at night by open wicket gates , to prevent intruders ; in winter , of couicC by tight doors .
Convenience of a weli-akuaxcei ) Cow Lodge . — In feeding cattle , the attendant will find tlic cowltoiise thoroughfare most convenient . "With his cart , in the summer months , he may enter at one door and pass between two rows of his cattle , serve them with green food , and deposit the remainder upon the floor for future use , passing , without turning round , through the opposite door . In winter , with his handbarrow full of turnip mash , or boiled roots , he may , with his shovel , serve out , by throwing into the stone troughs to each cow , her allotted portion of food , placing , as occasion requires , hay or straw in the same , receptacle , with the greatest case and advantacc to himself .
Ihe Piggery axd Privy . —The piggery ought to be placed at one end of the cow-house , the privy at the other , the latter furnished with an adjoining covered shed , &c , wherein night-soil composts may be formed , and with a urinal for the reception of whatever chamber-lye is made in the dwellings , or on the premises . The piggery must be furnished with a yard , reaching to the back of the cow-house , and both offices must have gutters to convey the fluids , vsided in them , to . the composting yard channels , and thence to the tank .
Composting Yard . —The commencement of the manufacture of manure will be within these offices or cattle lodges , the continuation of its manufacture iu the composting yard , which ought to be placed on a lower level , and immediately behind the cow-house . I would enclose this important p lace , from the main farmyard , by a wall six feet high , of a semi-circular form , and nicely coped , reaching from the external wall of the piggery to that of the privy , and embracing a roomy space , taking up oii one side the length of the cow-house and breadths of the pig yard and privy shed . An opening must be left in the centre of it , which I would close by a rustic door , of neat homely manufacture . From this entrance , a paved roadaboutiiveorsix feet broad , edged with flag-stones , and standing about three feet above the surface , may be formed up to the back door of the cow-house thoroughfare , so that a cart may pass through the yard and the cow-house without turning round .
AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY . ( Continued from our last . ) COMIiCSTIOX , REDUCTIOX DECOMVOS 1 TIOX &C . S 2 . Combcstios . —1 . If a piece of iron wire be made cd hot in oxygen gas , it burns with splendour , and increases in weight;—the oxygeu combines with the iron , and an oxide of iron is the result . This oxide weighs as much as the iron and oxygen together . 2 . When iron is violently heated in a smith ' s force , it burns , in like manner , at the surface , until it becomes covered with a scaly oxide . In both instances a real combustion takes place , oxygenis absorbed , and much ' heat and light are given out . 3 . When iron is exposed to moist air , it soon rusts : n ' ow , this rusting of iron is as truly a combustion as cither of the two preceding instances ; and , as Dumas remarksheat
, must be evolved also , though we cannot detect it . lhosphorus , too , as we have learnt ( 13 ) , undergoes two kinds of combustion : first , with much violence , with light and great heat , when we burn it either in oxygen jras ( 17 ) or in common air ; secondly , with a very taint light , visible only in the dark , and without any heat sensible to the thermometer , when we place a stick of phosphorus in a wine-glass standing in water , and invert over it a bell-glass . In both instances there is a union of phosphrous with oxygen and a real combustion . Thus we see that a combustion of iron may take place certainly without light , and a combustion of phosphorus may proceed , and ight may be given out by it without any increase of heat that is manifest to our senses , or the most delicate thermometer . :
S 3 . when charcoal is made red-hot in the air ught and heat arc given out , and the carbon vanishes . In this instance it is the air that increases in weight , and carbonic acid is formed ( 32 ) Agam , when we breathe , the air of the atmosphere parts with oxygen in the lungs , and the blood in tue lungs parts with carbon ;—where this carbon is actually burnt , whether in the lui ^ s or in the course of circulation , is of no consequence to our inquiry : carbonic acid is given out Avith the breath , as is shown jy the beautiful experiment of breathing through lnne water ( 51 ) . JS or need we trouble ouvselvesio inquire , whether all the heat given out by warmblooded animals is the result of respiration—or , in other words , of the combustion of the carbon in the
lungs . It admits of no doubt whatever that there exists in the blood a * carbonaceous matter , canable of combustion , and of giving out much heat bvtliat combustion . An ingenious French philosopher ^ after comparing a man to a steam engine , proceeds to State , thatthQinauvc < iulvest-. vod ;\ 55 , of twelve \ ioots to climb the summit of Mont lilanc . Burin" that tune he burns (/" . c . consumes in respiration ) on an average between ten and eleven ounces of carbon If a steam-engine were employed to convey him thither it would bum three or four times as much to do the same work . So that , considered as a mere machine deriving inoyingpower fiom the carbon consumed as iiiel , a man is three or iour times more powerful than the most perfect steara-en ; ine . "
64 . TYJicn a seed of barley is sown , " the process of germination scon commences . A little rootlet is pushed downwards , and a leaf-bud is pushed upwards —oxygen is absorbed , and the carbon in the seed is consumed—burnt away . Of course no increase of heat could be detected in a sinale seed of barley , but we know that by this act of germination Uioseed does actually grow warm , " because , in tile process c £ malt-making , grains of barley arc made to germinate in thick layers , and the consequence is , that the heat which could not be perceived in a single seed or in a handful , is very evident in the large quantities accumulated by the malt-maker . 1 he loss of waiglib in tlieseed is also ascertained with great precision by those acute observers , the ofiieers of excise . There is , therefore , in the germination of seed , and in the circulation of animals , arcalcombiixtion , compatible with life— -with vegetable and animal life .
S 5 . Malt dried artificially , and then infused in warm water , yidds a wort to the brewer , which he causes to ferment . In the process of ; fermentation , carbon is combined with oxycen : heat is given off ; and carbonic acid gas isgenerated . Fermentation , then h another ionn of combustion . Now it is well known that wort cannot hs made to ferment without the add ihon of what is called yeast . Yeast is an azotised substance . . Wheat flour requires also the addition of yeast before it can be fermented raid mad © into bread , ihc juice of the grape , indeed , passes rcadilv into a . state of fermentation without the addition of yeast or any other lerment ; but the juice of the grape ' is itself azotised . The part performed by yeast in causing icmicntation is not well explainednor is much
ex-, planation required for our purpose . It contains nitrogen—that is the main point . SC > . It is of frequent occurrence thathayimperfectly dried and hastily put together in large . 'tacks , undergoes such violent fermentation that it becomes seriously deteriorated in value , sometimes quite spwied and actually burnt or decomposed . Just as tue seeds of barley , when heaped too much together would become burnt and damaged in the process o HiaJting , if neglected even for a short time . It may ho said that no yeast is added to tlic hay-how does the fermentation arise ? The reply is , " that iu the jhicps of the herbage nitrogen exists ( CO ) , in a miaulity sulneient to excite and promote fermentation : u The carbonaceous matters .
?> 7 . It has been stated ( 4 ) , that if air he excluded charcoal may be heated red-hot for any length o time without undergoing change . Water , however rr . ay be made to supply the place of air . If charcoa us made- rcd-het in a tube of glass or earthenware and a Httte steam be driven over it , the two elements ot water anitc separated with the burning carbonthe oxygen forms carbonic acid and carbonic oxid wth one portion , whilst the hydrogen unites with another portion to form light caruurettcd Jiydrcen or marsh gas , known to miners as " fire-damn " in
. every wet and stagnant ditch , a similar deciimposition of woody matter is constantly going forward Ihe carbon of dead vegetables , which , collected and duly fermented , would yield , with an juotiscd compost , both ammonia and carbonic acid , is here worse than wasted ; for the emanations from marshes , ponds , ditches , and feus , are deleterious to animal j iie . Manure is wasted below , and poison is exhaled inrai the surface by every stagnant pool-cverv swampy held . Doubtless the sua decomposes , and the wmd _ dilutes and uisnevses . these nestikntial
t-muvia : their effects upon mankind are thus modified «; at least disguised ; but poor sheep rcadilv fall ut-timsto flic rot iu low lands , and other diseases seize horned cattle when last exposed to wet and boggy Kiountain pastures . To drain and to improve nn ? n I IT . * * 0110610 iU ' part J ' ' tilit - > aml t 0 P ^ S S 3 . Reduction-. —TJie ores of iron , as extracted lrom mines , consist of metal which appears to have undergone some kind of combustion ( 62 ) at a former period . Reduction is a process just the reverse of combustion . It is the reducing the burnt or oxidated iron into its metallic state—uuburning if , in short . Charcoal is employed for the purpose ;—at a violent Jic ; : t the oxygen is attracted from tlic iron bv the charcoal , the latter is burned , ami the iron resumes lis state of metal . Phosphorus is reduced in the snmc way . Phosphoric acid ( or phosphorus and oxy « en that have undergone chemical union or combustion ) exists abundaistly in bone , in which it is lOiintl united- to lime , fenniiig bone earth oi-
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¦ . - - ¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦ > . i ' :.. ' . i — ' f- ' - ' > * phosphate of lime . The operative ¦ chemist first gets rid of the lime , then mixes the phosphoric acid with charcoal , heats the mixture in a fierce furnace , and so reduces the phosphorus . ; Charcoal , we see , is concerned in many operations , but we cannot reduce it from carbonic acid , any more than we can combine nitrogen aiid oxygen into nitric acid , except in the minutest quantity and at a great expense . We cannot unburn carbonic acid ; yet a leaf of grass , a sprig of mint , aided b y sunshine ' , can effect that which baffles the most cunning art of" man . SO . Decomposition , putrefaction , or putrid fermentation , begins to take place in azotised organic substances , whether of vegetable or animal origin , as soon as these avc deprived oftli . it life which enables
them to control the tendency of their elementscarbon , oxygen , hydrogen , and nitrogen—to obey the laws of chemical affinity . The phenomena of chemical decomposition are infinitely various in the number , proportion , and combination of the several compounds that follow each other in vapid succession , according to the temperature of the air ; the presence of moisture , the proportion of nitrogen , the admixture of sulphur , phosphorus , &c ., —the influence of light , of shade , —the admixture of inorganic substances , < Lc . Under these influences , the elements of organised substances separate one from another , to combine again two and two , three and three , &c . The carbon with oxygen departs as carbonic oxide and carbonic aeid , with / ' hvdrogen as carburettcd
hydrogen ; _ thc hydrogen with oxygen as water : the nitrogen with hydrogen as ammonia , and as products allied to prussic aeid ; the sulphur with hydrogen as sulphuretted- hydrogen ; the phosphorus with hydrogen as phosphurctted hydrogen , &c . These bodies again mingle together and combine indefinitely— " tlie whole presenting an inextricable labyrinth , in which actual science is bewildered and lost ; with all her boasted appliances of precise apparatus , —a . laboratory of death , but an invisible laboratory , —Pandora ' s box , whence have issued all the pestilences ' afflicting every age of tlie world , at the bottom of which we seem permitted to descry dimly tlio hope of atheory . " —( llaspail . ) •• - ¦ ¦ " : > 90 . In considering the influence of -water , of light , and of air , ' we shall have a future opportunity of
recording some facts bearing uponthese uninviting subjects , —Combustion , Reduction , Decomposition : the last of which , after all , is only another word for the first ; and there is much truth and beauty in the views recently propounded by Dumas , who describes the vegetable kingdom as an apparatus of reduction , the animal kingdom as an apparatus of combustion , the atuiosphei'tt as a mysterious chain of connection between the one and the other . Vegetables , according to this theory , absorb heat , and accumulate materials which they are empowered to organise . Animals merely burn and consume these organised materials , in order to derive from them warmth and locomotive power . The atmosphere forms the bond of union between the two kingdoms , furnishing the four principal elements of plants and animals—carbon , hydrogen , nitrogen , and oxygen . all and
91 . ^ 'Wa iving common utility vulgar applications , there is something ennobling in knowing and understanding the operations of Nature , some pleasure in contemplating the order and harmony oi the arrangements belonging to the terrestrial system of things . There is no absolute utility in poetry ; but it gives pleasure , and refines and exalts the mind . Philosophic pursuits have likewise a noble and independent use of this kind ; and there is a double reason offered for pursuing them ; for whilst in their sublime speculations they reach to the heavens , in their application they belong to the earth ; whilst they exalt the intellect , they provide food for our common wants , and likewise minister to- the noblest appetites and most exalted views belonging to our nature . ( To he continued . )
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GENERAL MEETING OF THE MEMBERS OF THE MANCHESTER DISTRICT A meeting of the members of this body was lately held in the Com Exchange , for the purpose of considering the critical position of the district generally . The meeting was numerously attended , about 1000 persons being present a little after seven o'clock , when the proceedings commenced , and more afterwards came in . On the motion of Mr . Bibby , Mr . J . Richardson White ( P . G . M . ) was unanimously called on to preside , and took the chair amidst great applause .-
The Ciiaikmax said , that however he might regret the necessity of his brethren beins called together to defend their rights and liberties " as Odd Fellows , he was determined to abide by the general laws . He expressed his belief that the annual movcable committee at Glasgow had themselves broken the law ; and that the Manchester lodges were the Independent Order of Odd Fellows as by law established , and that the aggressors were those who had taken on themselves to expel them . He was ready to meet any f them , face to face , ami discuss the points of difference . ( Applause . ) Though gentlemen were pve-> arcd to . move and second the resolutions , he should be glad to hear any oi" his brethren express their opinions . ( Applause . ) In 1813 tKey had . a fair
rcm-c-sentation m the annual committees , but it had now become a misrepresentation . He should be glad to sec them go back to the state they-were in in 1813 . He hoped this meeting would not allow any faction or split to take jtoee , and thereby threaten the prosperity of the order . ( Applause . ) Mr . Joxjes ( P . P . G . Mi ) , in proposing the first resolution , regretted that such a crisis had been brought about that they were suspended , by which was meant ; hat they were deprived of all the advantages which they expected to derive from the order . Was it to be supposed that any of the members present had done anything which rendered them unfit to associate with their fellow men ? But they had not even had a fair trial ; they had not been brought to the bar of
commonsense . The late A . M . C . was of course legally convened , but he believed "the meeting had ¦ been ' packed ; and its resolution had struck such a blow at the heart ' s core of the' institution , that it was high time th . at the lodges took the management of tiieiv affairs into , their own hands . Those resolutions implied that the lodges were insolvent ; this was a positive untruth . The A . M . C . had founded their statistics on those of the Scottish Insurance Company ; and on this basis they decided that such r ^ nd such payments ought to be made . But they had overlooked the tacts , that great numbers joined the order simply out of curiosity , and that many left it without receiving any benefit ; besides , tlic Scottish Companv naid a salary of £ 1000 , but such tliincs wore unknown in
the order . He moved- " That this meeting views with profound regret the adoption of measures by the Glasgow A . M . C , which are in themselves unjust , unnecessary , and oppressive , founded on false data and inapplicable statistical returns , which , while materially reducing funeral donations , annihilate the very name of widow , spurn the orphan , and put aside charity , hitherto doomed to be the brightest sera ottho order ; and yet , notwithstanding , calling tor lav-Rely increased contributions from the members , lor no other purpose than to place an enormous amount of rapidly-accumulating capital ultimately under the control of the officers of the order , for the exclusive patronage of themselves and their satelltes . " ( Loud applause ) .
Mr . Iaylou , m-seconding the resolution , said ho was one ot the five individuals who had been bold up by the grand-master and the board of directors something in the same way that farmers held up ( load rooks , as a warning to others . ( Laughter . ) Many » might be ignorant of the precise cause of dispute , winch he would endeavour to state . It had hitherto been the practice of all lodges to pay ihc demands upon tllCin ; andthounh . some few , in remote districts , might have got into difficulties , it was not in earrvlinj out the regular objects of the order , but in supporting objects put fonvard by the grand-master and others , and things advertised on the back of their magazine . ( Hoar , hear . ) He alluded to the expensive regalia which had been provided , and said ,
tliouglnn some cases they might have paid a ' bonus of 10 per cent , to the order , tlic individuals had first put on that 10 per cent ., that It might be deducted . Orand-niiistcrs . Mansfield , Ogclen , and others , had received multitudes of orders , not through the corresponding- secretary , and a great amount of monev had no doubt thus come into their hands . It had hitherto been supposed that those only were the recognised tradesmen of tlic order who put their names on the back ot the luasarinc ; but it ought lo be known that other persons nad been makinst un and m ^^ i ' -. ^
taring things without their names being known , and not deducting the 10 per cent . He maife a charge of tins kind against corresponding secretary ltateliffe ; and he challenged him or any of his friends to denv the lact ( Hear . ) Others who supplied these articles had truckled to llatelifle , and were cnmnletelv under his thumb ; in fact , tlic concentration of power in that man was such that he was the "veatcst enemy of the order , and all their force ought to bo directed against him ( Applause . ) lie would now proceed to show that the statements put forward in the name of the li . Al . and board ot directors were false and eol ' usivc ; for it was a fact that the tables which had been circulated were not those which had been adopted by the G . M . and board of directors . Mr . Sydney Mills declared that Katcliflb never produced any sued statement bclore the hoard , and that he never heard of
Jtt , ' saw 5 t in tue Iluddcrsueld district . ( Hear , hear . ) This conclusively showed that they had not acted as a board of directors . These tables professed to be founded on all the information they could possibly obtain . They set out with a most extraordinary supposition—that the average age of members entering the order was 32 ( hear , ' hear ); it further assumed that all the members continued in the order till death , that all the members were married men , and that they and their wives all continued in the order till denth . ( Hear , hear . ) Was not tint supposition false ?_( ' ¦ Yes . " ) The next SSS& was that every man received siclc-pay , and that every widow received a funeral donation . These statements were utterly void of foundation . The tables charged the members with a much greater amovnt of su-kjiess , and-a greater number of deaths lh ' -n actually occurred . It would be within the bound / to
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state that 4-5 ths " of the ' meiiibei's were miimed men on entering the order , anrt that 2-3 rus of those who entered continued . This would be shown from a , statement of P . G . M . Peisei- himself , relative to the Apollo Lodge , showing that out of 319 members , upwards of 100 had discontinued their payments—( hear , hear ); and it was probable others might do the same . The tables further assumed that the order was confined - to those actually initiated ; while the fact was that fresh members were continually coming in , and thousands were annually added , thus filling up the places of those who went out or were excluded fov avrcars . And those who came in were generally younger men than those who discontinued payment ; they also paid a guinea for initiation , and receive'd
no benefit from the funds for six months . All these facts were overlooked by the board of directors . In the Rose of Cumberland Lodge , out of 350 members , 133 had been . excliuled for non-payment . Thus , the statement of those who had assumed the office of directors was utterly false and unwarrantable . In tlie lodge just alluded to , the average age of those admitted was 2 H years , instead of 32 , as assumed by the board ; and that exceeded the average of the order . Payments had been made to the amount of £ 1 , 001 ' 3 s . 5 ( 1 ., while the balance in favour of the lodge was £ 1 , 449 . So much for all the information which the board had been able to collect . Was it n . t such as ought to be spurned and treated with contempt ? Were the members on such grounds to be
called on to pay an increased amount ?—(" Kb" ) Ought not those who sought to deceive them rather to bo unseated and casfoff ?—( "Yes , yes ! " and loud applause , in the midst of Avhich some one called fer a show of hands for the board ' of directors being suspended , and every hand in the room was apparently held up . ) If these proceedings were allowed to take effect , where were these things to end?—when would oppression cease and justice begin ?—( "Never , never ! " ) They could only put down this tyranny by determined unity of purpose , and by avoiding petty differences among themselves . ( Applause . ) The enemy ' s camp was weaker even than sand ; falsehood had nothing adhesive in it ; and they miust yield to the vigorous attack of'determined and united men . ( Applause . )
The Chairman-asked if any one had an amendment to propose , and suggested that as there were five or six resolutions to be brought forward , the time of the meeting should not be unnecessarily occupied . ; Mr . Jamks Shannon ' , of the Caledonian Lodge , wished to ask some gentleman on the platform whether the A . M . C . was a legally constituted court ; if so , he thought they were bound to abide by the decision of the body till they could see themselves represented by men of more intelligence , more honesty , or both . ( Applause . ) Mr . Moody said there was great difference of opinion on that point ; but so lav as tne Manchester delegates went , he thought the meeting was not legally constituted , inasmuch as open canvassing had been carried on at the March meeting .
( Applause . ) It was no use now to discuss whether that body was or was not legally constituted ; for their proceedings showed they would stop at nothing . ( Hear , hear . ) Their animus was most distinctly shown by the notices which they gave before the last A . M . C . for the alteration of rules—the first of which was that the rales were to be binding on the order for threo years unless they were altered by themselves . ( Hear . ) If the government of the country were to adopt such a course , and say that tho laws should not be altered for three years except by the ministvy , » revolution would be the consequence . " It appeared from the notice issued by the grand master and the board , that they were ready to reinstate lodges and individuals who had taken no part in these
proceedings ; and they had aheady restored some 1 W lodges , although , by a previous resolution , they had declared that this should not be done till the first of August . In answer to the question o { the gentleman —why they did not stick to their representatives , and try to mend them—ho would say they were too b ; ul for that , and they ought at once get rid of them . ( Applause . ) Mr . Jackson , of the Aucrcrombic Lodge , fealtbru , concurred in the opinion that the executive bedy ought to bo done away with , and in proof detailed some proceedings with regard to the Salford lodges which appeared very arbitrary . Tho resolution was then put , and all but unanimously agreed to—only two hands being held up against it . Mr . Coaiks ( P . G-, of the Earl of Oxford Lodge )
said he had ceased to take an active part in his own lodge on account of the monstrous power assumed by certain individuals —( hear , hear ) . They were now in a position which he and others had ' predicted . fourteen or fifteen years ago . He rejoiced to see such a spirit of independence manifested in a good cause . ( Applause . ) Every servant ought to be paid ; but to make a servant their master was cruelly mij ust . Ho moved" That this meeting has heard with much astonishment and disapprobation that tho G . M . and Board of Directors have despotically and illegally suspended the Manchester District , without trial and without even ai charge of offence , thereby making an attack on the rights and privileges of the several members of the order , which , it is the boundenduty of all
, for mutual and individual preservation , uncompromisingly to resist and to put dow » . " . ( Groat applause . ) He attributed thepresent disturbances in the order to a co-operative trading community having sprang up amongst them ; and so long as this continued / . justice would never be done . ( Applause . ) He alluded to different individuals who had once entertained similar sentiments to his own , but who WOW supported the governing body from interested motives—one because lie was a " dispensation boxmaker . " ( Applause and laughter . ) Many of . these men chose to attend the annual committee voluntarily , not to sit and vote—that they could not do—but to "influence the country ' members , by telling them that Mr . So-and-So was a most respectable manand
, that they must not oppose his views . ( Applause and laughter . ) The speaker' proceeded to make some personal remarks on Ms . Gray , of the ' Olympic Tavern , and others ; but he was called to order by the Chairmax , who very properly observed that they had come on a rcspectaWo footing , and ho hoped they would Conduct themselves respectably .- '" In this statement the meeting testified their ' concurrence bv hearty applause . —Mi-. Coatos proceeded to say that it was impossible for the affairs of the order to bo properly ' conducted so long as trading matters were mixed up with thorn , lie had seen the Grand Master and asked him his reasons for promulijatin" this extraordinary order of suspension ; who alleged that he had done it in pursuance of a resolution of the
uoam ; out it was clear he had tho power of actin " otherwise il he liad thought proper . Mr . Whixtakkr ( P G . ol the Karl FibwUliam Lodge ) seconded the resolution . It had been said that the disatisfaewas confined to a few individuals , who ovurht lobe excluded the order ; he therefore rejoiced to see thi < meoiing , and hailed it as a proof that the members hac ; determined to gird themselves with the armour ottreedoom . ( Applause ) . They had no chance now ot meeting the usurpers at the next A . M . C ; the tiling had now gone too far ; it was the growth of years , and the last stroke ' was disfranchising the lodges irom sending representatives to tho A . M . 0 ., tl'Om Whltll all' evils had sm-misr . ( ITreiv . \\ cnr \
Mas it to be supposed , had the lodges retained the power ot sending representatives to tho A . M . 0 ., that these resolutions would ever have been passed . ( Applause . ) Instead of this dissatisfaction bcins confined to a few individuals , it was evident it was shared in by the majority . ' ( Applause . ) Would they be slaves or bo free ? ( " Free . " ) If they would pe free , they only had to will it ; and if they would but follow those who were prepared to lead them on to the goal of freedom , tlic Independent Order of Odd Fellows would be independent still . ( Loud applause . ) When the order was reformed , it must be on the basis of equal laws and equal representation . ( Applause . ) The resolution was unanimously cavrwd , sis ^ Yc ^• o cadi of the succeeding ones . Mr . Bah ( P . P . G . M . ) moved- 'That the bonds of tlie order are unity , peace , and brotherly love ; its
laws recognise no dmereneo or superiority in roliuion , politics or wealth , kins : equal and just to . all , governing precisely alike the highest officers and the youngest brethren , and acknowledging no pre-eminence except such as \ my be attained by intellect ami moral virtue ; its perfect equality of rights ami privileges constitutes its unity , and its unity is strength . " lie observed that their government originally was one of the strongest that could be formed—a scries of little republics united together ; but it had now been converted into a , despotic oligarchy . He severely censured tho conduct of Mr . llatclifie , and said that that individual would no doubt employ all the chicavery in his power to defeat tho object of this meeting ; but if they were \ mitcd , they would prevail against him . Mr . Harper ( P . G . of the Rose of Cumberland Lodge ) seconded the resolution .
Mr . Moody ( P . G . of the Temple Lodge ) moved- * - " That , finding , by present experience that the assumption of uncontrolled power by ambitious and unscrupulous men lends to the destruction of our liber , ties , ami the ruin of the order , this meeting declares that it is essential to the well-being of all that justice shall be dealt out with impartiality to each ; that every man shall be deemed innocent until he shall have been proved guilty by a competent tribunaland that punishment shall in no ease be inflicted unless it shall have Uicn been proved that a definite law of the order has been broken . " ( Applavise . ) ' He
observed tliat though it was alleged by the Aytounstveet gentlemen that their proceedings wore * leal they were unable fo point out what law had beeinn ' fringed by the bulk of those who had been so unjustly suspended . From die spirit of the men , thev were totally precluded from looking to them forauy re dress ; ho believed they would risk the verv utmost lo carry their own arbitrary views . ( Hear , henr ) ll-io principle of the order was so far democratic ^ that every one ought to have a \ oica in makin » - or altering the laws they had to obey ; but it was well known that such had not recently been tho case Mr It . J . ltioHAnDsoxfl ' . G . pf the Mominir ' Sfo ,.
Louge j seconued the resolution , lie said he had lon « foreseen what would be . the stale of tli , 4 if 11 parlies m power were allowed to continuo " their om pressive proceedings ; he had Ion ? foreseen tint tho result must be a severing of the wheat from the chaff of the good from the had , so that tho order would bo improved by besKj ; reduced to its better half ft ... n ,., benefit of posterity . Gradually law by law had been
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rescinded , niniil all the laws were set at nought by the governing party , wlio were bound of all men to preserve them intact . What security was there for the welfare of society generally if their laws were not preserved free from the influence of tyranny and absolutism of every sorb ? ( Applause . ) He had seen with pleasure the address published by the governing body to-day in the public papers ; for they cordially agreed with these lodges in condemning the gewgaws they had long complained of , and yet knocked them down . ( Hear , hear . ) This proved that lodges had not become insolvent by charity , but by ridiculous gewgaws : and now the governing party told them they ought not to encourage those gewgaws which Mr . Poisor , Mr . Simins , and others sold , while Mr . llatcliffe dd not
himself , as appeared by . the same paper , i refuse to receive presents . ( I- ^ oud applause . ) ihc speaker read the account of this presentation from the Courier of last Saturday ; it excited great laughter , and was received with derisive cheers , particularly the part which spoke of Mr . llatcliffe ' s " servitude to the order . " —Mr . llichardson proceeded to say that the order had hitherto stood above reproach , and had been the means of relieving thousands of widows and orphans ; and lie trusted it would be so purged that it would continue to answer this laudable purpose , and that all the lodges in the unity would gladly share in . the work of regeneration . — ( Applause . ) Mr . Stoii ( P . G . of the Shakspeare Lodge ) moved — "That to the full development of the vast
energies of an immense and benevolent society , as well as to curb tyranny , afford protection from peculation of funds , or abuse of power ,, each lodge should be severally represented at tho A . M . 0 ., as was the practice of tlie order up to the A . M . O . held at Newcastle-upon-Tyne . " The following resolution was also adopted : — " That after the despotic course pursued by tlic G . M . and Board of Directors—a course in direct opposition to the laws of the order , and contrary to all principles of justice and equity , and conscious that no redress will be afforded under the present administration , —this meeting , therefore , declares that they have lost all confidence in the present officers and executive of the order , and that we immediately proceed to organise ourselves , and carry out in their fullest extent the true principles of . Oddfellowship . "—At the close thanks were voted to the chairman "
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• Esousn Politics at Bokhara . —The Ameer wished another day to have the names of the four \ mers , am twelve little Viziers of England , and the forty-two Elders , i gave to his Majesty a list of the names ot the present Ministry , when tho Makharam returned m a tui-v , - and said tlialhis Maiesty had found him out to bes a liar , for the four grand Viziers according to Col . Stodi . art ' s account , were-Laavd Malebomne , Laard Jaanilawsall , LaardMalegrave , So re Jnano Ilabhaase . , I was brought into the lung , and then had to give a complete idea of the constitution - otLugland , which , though hisMajcstv . could notunderstand' it fully , yet 1 convinced him that myhrt might be truu also , especially as I WiU aule to tell him the names of the Whig ' Administration . —y > Wolf .
• Dui'ARTUUE O * THE GlTCXT IkmiN StEAM-SijIP FOn xNkw Ionic—Livisnr-ooL , Satuiiday . —This mammoth steam-ship , which has attracted so much attention not only at tfcis port , but at London , Dublin , and L-nstol , has at length taken her departure tW thej westernworld .. At twenty minutes past three o clOM she lelt her moorings in the Mersey amid the enthusiastic cheers of thousands of spectators who had assembled on the shores both of Cheshire and Lancashire , independently of the hundreds who had embarked in . various ferry-boats for the purpose of obtaining a more close and accurate view ol her move , morns . On board was a large party of the mcrt tt n S t 0 VV " V u ^ PanM the ship as far as the north-west light-ship , a distance of about sixteen miles from tlic port , and for whom was prepared a very haiulsome entertainment . The ship wont majestically down tlie river atatoutlialrsoceiUhid , l .
was gradually increased as she approachedthcoi . cn ' sea but up to the time of my leaving her at the north- ' jvest lightship she had not attained her full speed However , she accomplished the distance in little more than two hours . She carried out . fortv-five ' passengers , and had on freight about ' M tons ofli ^ ht goods , upon which £ 5 per ton was paid . The rcnenl opinion on board seemed to be that she would make the voyage to Ke . w York in about sixteen days . A Wonderful Cuke of a Bad Le « by IIouoway ' s iu ( _ v \ " j &
I . s axd Ointjikxt . —Robert Cairns , a hatter re-SKlmgataS , Collin-jwood-strcofc , BlacldViars-road had Sov seven years dreadful ulccrations , extending from the calf to the ando bone ; was twiee in Guv ' s Hospital for a period of nine months , and St . Thomas ' s Hospital for some months iomtor , without bein « - ablo to obtain the least Iwnelit . ' Yet after every other means had failed , he was cured by the above hwah .. able medicines . This man ' s case was well known -is he worked ( luring thirteen ycais for Mr . Elhvood a hatter , in Charlotte-street-, B acldriavs-road , London - ¦ l ! ' S s u • S a 1 .
The Melton Recorder , a Conservative paper estab lishedat Melton'Mowbrny , in February jurt ' eea ^ ed to exist on-Monday week , .. ' «¦» . . j- : d
Li , . --—^43 Just Puhllslied, Sixteenth Ediltin, Wmsw^M / ^^S Fduength Engravings, J/Ice 2s. 0d., In A '"'? ^I,,,, And Sent Free To Any Ran Of The 1%^ W E"*«C "*' ^
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-...-. o _ . - .-- . BEWARE OF MISRULE ! SECURE YOUR FUNDS ! SPURN USURPATION ! . KEEP ¦ NO TYRANTS I TO IUE EDITOR OP THE SOUTHERN STAB . Sin , —I avail myself of your kind offer to lay before your numerous readers tho principal causes of the present rupture in the Society of Odd Fellows . The Odd Fellows' Society , like most other secret societies , arose from a very trivial cause ; and lias been in existence about thirty-five years . Its progress in the beginning was slow ; but within the last twelve years it has increased rapidly , and is now composed of 850 ; 000 individuals . This society is governed by < i Grand Master and Board of Directors
, whose powers are delegated to them by a grand annual movcable committee ; and is , or ought to be , a purely Democratic institution . But of late years , by a system _ of manoeuvring on the part of those in power , it has become thoroughly aristocratic ; and a spirit of petty despotism now obtains in the Executive . This system of governing the order was introduced seven years ago , at the Rochdale A . M . C ., and has gradually gained ground . All the power for good or evil is now centred in the hands of about twenty interested men , seven of whom have within the last seven years received upwards of £ 80 , 000 for what they Call " SUI'PLYISO THE ORDER WITH GOODS , " which goods consist principally of regalia and mountebank dresses for the officers of lodges . The prime mover in
these disgraceful events is the chief secretary , William Ratclifle , " Esq . " !! ' . —a , man as notorious for las doings among the racc-rnnncrs as race-running is notorious to the world . This individual has contrived to arrogate unto himself a power over the destinies of Odd Fellowship unprecedented in any other society professing to be founded upon Democratic principles : and , although it is a fact not to be controverted , that he attends nearly all the races occurring in different parts ' of the country ( in which excursions he is frequently accompanied by •— Dickinson , the "grandmaster , " and bookbinder to the order ) , yet , so great is the influence he possesses , that thousands of hard-working men in mills and mines , out of their hard earnings , have to pay him aprincclv
salary of £ 300 per year !! - As llatelifle has ' always thought it polite to keen Hie " TRADESMEN" of the order in office , because with them he knew well it was a "bread-and-cheeso question , " he has , by their slavish aid , launched a sehemo of future payments , drawn up , as he says , on the principles of Governmental- Statistical-Whif-Political Tables , Now-Poor-Law-Calculations , & » . The object is covertly to destroy the independence of lod ges BY GETTIXG COXTUoW OVER TI 1 UIU MOXEV . lo tins end these parties have completely altered the fundamental principles of Oddfcllowsh ip ; have centralised the system of representation ; have created a host of rottwi boroughs , in the shape ot little districts ; and have even descended to worse
practices to influence the election of deputies in some ottho large districts , as was the case in the Manchester district last March . They have likewise suspended lodges , and districts , and individuals , without cither trial or law ; and to crown the injustice , some of them have even detained the banking books of districts and lodges , against the protests of overwhelming uwjovvfe ,, to the detriment of the sick , tne unfortunate , anil distressed . The order of Odd Fellcws is founded on pure benevolence . Shall it longer be governed by a gang of fellows , the ready tools of a man , who , is continually riding about the country to races , in a carriage that he purchased out ot his " LOSINGS" on tho turf ? Shall these things longer continue . ? Colliers of Ncwcastlc-upon-Tvne
win- you pay your hard-earned money to support them ? Agricultural labourers of England ! will you be taxed to keep this system up ? Cotton Spinners anil weavers ! will you sweat in mills to give vour money lor these things ? Workers in iron ! will ' you pa V tho pincr for playing to such a tune ? Answer ISO ! " The honest indignation of labour imposed upon , calls for a universal response— " NO ! " Up , then , and be doing ! Manchester has nobly struck the blow for our regeneration . Salford , iluddcrsliekl , Stookport , Roelulalc , &c , &c , arc determined to destroy the incubus liow fastened uiion . the . benevolent and charitable spirit of our Institution . "Go , then , and do yc likewise ! " Attend in your lodges , and make inquiry . Be not caiolcd and deceived .
Odd Fellows ! read the Manchester address , a copy of which has been sent to every lodge in tho unity . Po not let that document be burked by your enemies . Rend a small pamphlet , published b ' y Robert Wood ' of Manchester , entitled" JfenKirta on tlicPrescnt Condition of Oddfellows / tip . " ^ Keep alive to your own interests . Be no longer deceived ; and Oddfellowship shall yet free itself from the thraldom of designing men . Keep your funds in sale custody . . Secure yow banking booh ; and eiect men of principle for your trustees . Do these things prompt ! v . No delav ! Strike the iron while it is hot ; and ' you will preserve that u'hkh is your own . With every confidence in your citbrts being successful , I remain , yours truly As Oi-d Odd Fellow , And an Enemy to O j >» rcssion .
Oddfellowship.
ODDFELLOWSHIP .
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¦ « _ THE NORTHERN STAR AuatjST 2 .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 2, 1845, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1326/page/6/
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