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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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ft tnafiori of Uiepj ^ cM mentioned bj Mr . W « Uey Iwd pithed them ; that Mr . Parker had been directed to sake ioqmrin on the spot ; that I had had an interriew ] ^ th Mr . Paker , td ^ Wl 5 « porfrfto ^ ' ^« ^ gm iigation ; that tone of the inmates of the irorkhouse of depraved appetite had eaten meat off the bone *; ftat , rhen the guardians heard of itthey directed au inrestigation by their medical man ; that the other workhouse officers had been enjoined to be careful to prevent inmates of depraved appetites gaining access to the bone store . If I say that the assistant-commissioner made this esamaueation QraVg , OatteUlpoisitilgtiifice . This report mvstnotbepwdHced . Itmnst be treated as ifit had never been made . " - _ : . . -. . . . . .
And so the report was shetod ! After this exhibitionof MachiaTelian statesmanship , we should imagine the real yalue of the " official explanations" of theHame Secretary mil be folly appreciated by most people . Itis , howeTer , gratifyingtolaiowthatonadirislon , tbe government , in spite of all this tergiversation , fraud , and suppression of evidence , were beaten ; that a committee of inquiry—not only into the conduct of the subordinates in these infamous proceedings , but of the commissioners—was appointed . This unconstitutional authority , which has hitherto acted as though it was practically indispensable , is now called to the bar , and must plead its own defence . We only hops that itsjudgeswillbe
men of clear heads and determined courage , able and willing to aft the crafty statements which will be made d fa Graham , and of resolution sufficient to withstand all the arts and blandishments of power , should it attempt the suppression of the facts disclosed during the investigation of the committee . The Poor Law Commissioners and the Home Secretary must not be permitted to pass scathles 3 , by throwing ont of employment such understrappers as UDovgu . and Parker . They were , as long as there was no public outcry , both considered excellent officers in their respectivestations . The law and the commission , out of which snehabominations originate , must both be swept away .
The case of Fbost , "Wiixiams , and Joses was brought before the Commons by Mr . Duxc » mbk , on Tuesday , in a practical and eshaustlessspeech , worthy of his reputation and his position as the representa tive of the working classes in- Parliament . The matter itsfilf is so fiilljr aiscnssed in anofter part af our columns , that it is unnecessary to Bay more than allude to it in this place . We have also given a very full account of the debate in our Parliamentary columns , from which our readers will be able to form { heir own judgment as to the animits of the two great parties , with reference to Chartism . Certainly , though the Conservatives may be as unfriendly as the Whigs , they are more decorous in the expression of theirantipathies . I
The state of Wales , with respect to education , was brought under notice by Mr . Whuams on Tuesday evening , in an elaborate speech , and was replied to , on the part of the government , by" Sir J . Graham , who expressed great anxiety for the promotiom of educational and social improvement , not only in that , but all other districts of the country—and upon his promising a qualified compliance with Mr . Wn > Hams s motion , it was withdrawn . The other business transacted has , up to the time of our writing , been of minor importance . There has teen much talk , not without its value , we admit , as preliminary and preparatory to actual legislation , but still not of that character to warrant any special notice .
The Protectionist party during the week appear to have been stricken with panic ; and though several of its members most valorously gave notice of amendments in committee , somehow , when they came to the point , their courage , like that of Bob Acres , oozed out at theirfinger ' s ends . Mr . Liddeix withdrew his threatened opposition on the timber duties ; and the redoubtable Mr . MitE 3 , who was to bare made a stout fight on maize , contented himself with entering " tis solemn protest" against its introduction . Sir E . OBEHT is evidently " too cunning of fence" for the " Country party ; " and we doubt not that some of them , like the valorous hero above mentioned , wished they had made the discovery
sooner , and so been saved the disgrace of defeat . Lord G . Sestkck is the only remaining champion in the field at present , though opposition is threatened from other quarters at future stages . Still the general belief now is , that the measure win pass more rapidly to the " other place" than was at first anticipated . " Time is working wonders ; " and if it is not thinning the ranks of the Protectionists , it is , at all events , rendering them less loquacious . Sir Robeei Peel has taught to other Ministers that may follow an important and most valuable lesson ; In politics the motto of a statesman should be , " Be bold!—be bold I" There is so need of the warnin g , " Be not too bold !"
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Fbost , Whuaxs , and Joses . —Brother Chartists , —The motion of the hon . member for Finsbmy is for the present lost—not so much ( as may be gleaned from the debates ) because the "house" did not think them fit objects ofaaercy , as because the "hoase "\ ras evidently of opinion that the case should be left in the hands of the Minister . Friends , permit me , therefore , to suggest to you the propriety of immediatel y adopting memorials to the Home Secretary , Sir James Graham , on behalf of the Welsh martyrs , on the simple ground ( and that only ) , that the time and suffering endured by those men have pnrgod their crime , and vindicated the majesty of the law ; and forward them to the member for the borough or county in which the meeting is held , for presentation . Yonrs truly , Edjcusb Stallwood .
March 11 , 1846 . Mb . Babbow desires us to state , in answer to those who complain of not being able to get the Star in Leicester , thathe regularly supplies it Orders received by him at . 7 , Lower Sandacre-street . MabyiIbose . —We are requested to state to all who may be desirous of communicating with the Snb-Secretarr of aeMarylebone locality , that they must address as follows—« TincentPakes , S 3 , Devonihire-street , Lisson Grove , Marylebone . " Vc tebas Patbiots' asd Exitis" "Widows' akd Chjl-Dbes ' s Fcsds . —The second quarterl y public meeting was held in the Hall , Turnagain-lane , last Sunday afternoon ; Mr . Julian Harney in the chair . The balance sheet for the quarter sh ewed that the total tp .
ceipts for the two funds amounted to £ 21 , oeinir nearl y dooMe . the receipts ef our first quarter ; the account vill be fouad in another part of the Star . I beg , that if there be the slightest error in any part of it , the parties discovering the error will notice it pnblidj . Pursuant to the recommendation made and approved at the public meeting , we agreed , incommittee , on the following Tuesday nighty to remit vxeUg assistance to the recipients from the funds . At present , we judge that we cannot remit them sufficient for a subsistence ; but 2 feel sure , from the noble example already set , that these funds will soon be rendered amply sufficient for this desirable purpose . Mrs . Boberts , of Birmingham , will now , also , have such weekly aid as we think can be afforded ; and the stated recipients frem the two
funds will , therefore , in future be . sir persons , with their families . I beg to state ; now this second step is taken , that there jetremains another to be taken , in order to carry ont fully the design I formed in prison . That Is , to confide the management of these funds to the Executive . I beg it maybe understood that I shall ( through some . one or more of the London delegates to the next annual convention ) cause that proposition to 1 > e laid before our yearly assembly . I am of opinion that aH relief funds belonging to our body ought to be administered by the Executive Committee . These two funds , however , had first to be created ; and their creal
turn was a legitimate subject for philanthropic efforts by any number of private persons . But I am too much alive to the necessity of a compact usioNforCHABTisM , in every sense of the word , to desire to separate the management of an j fund or Business from the hands of the Executive , that may tend to strengthen their indBuence . I trust this sentiment will meet a hearty response from every thinking Chartist . M y only receipts since the quarterly meeting , are 2 s . Cd . from W . P . P . of Liverpool , ily brethren , having begun so well in this cheering course of philanthropy , let us not grow slack or " weary in well-doing . "—Thomas Coopeb , Secretary , 131 , Blackfriar ' s-road .
Jaosr , TViimams , and Joxes . —Sir , —After seeing the report of the reception of Mr . Buncombe ' s motion in favour of "Frost , "Williams , and Jones , " I thought there could be but little chance of their return until vrehad shown to Parliament and the country that we are determined , by obtaining the Charter , tohaveit in our power to grant , not ask , for justice to them . 2 fow , to carry out that object we must have money , andknowing that " example" is better than " precept , " Ienclose half a sovereign for the Executive ; and if the ¦ working men of England will subscribe for the same purpose , I shall not despair of yet seeing the "People ' s Char ter" the law of the land . I am , sir , yours truly , a working man , P . W . B . Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., Northern Star Office . P . S . —This shall not be the last by many , if the Chartist working men will give likewise . Commercial-read , East , March 12 th , 1816 .
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¦ fox Uiheu aSO boisiLvis . —We gfrs ^ e" following as precisely it came to hand . We make no complaint of the conspiracy therein ' described , yet we hxwe little doubt that the miners , the working men who hav £ been made the victims of it , willdemand a satisfactory etplanation' / jom their delegates . Indeed wehavebeenwarned more than once lately of what has been going on in certain quarters , but we abstain from noticing it until goaded by the very parties who treacherously forbade communication with the Star , and then taunted us with neglect . The following letter will speak for itself : —Sir , inrefcience to the letter that appeared in the Star of last week , written b y Martin Jude , I think a few remarks are necessary . He says , "the just and ^ Tm Vinci * aXD Onmr . wn _ Wa £ rhr * " ~ tb . 6 'fnllri « rincT
proper inference is , that had any account of the said strike been published in the Stir , those individuals would not have come to supplant th « miners now on strike . There can be no doubt that such would ha \ e been the case with respect to the individuals in question , but it is also very questionable whether the publication of such things do not bring upon the parties ttaa very evil they desire to prevent . " Now , I have yet to learn why the publication of this strike , if calculated to prevent seven knobsticksfrom coming , would not also prevent seven hundred ; why did not Martin Jude explain himself ? He also says , that it was not through any ill feeling towards the Star or its conductors that it was not published . Now it is evident , by his letter , that he was acquainted with the resolutions passed at a delegate meeting held in Bolton , about a month since , when the Star was secretly burked . I know of several
that gave it up in consequence of this meeting . I took Stars in for two colliers , and they have given it up , and they took them in for the use of two lodges , not one of whom knew anything concerning the resolutions passed with reference to the Star at Bolton , although they sent a delegate . Now , what would you infer from this conduct ! Why , that the leaders of the colliers * movestentbave conspired ag&inst $ 16 Star—for what reason they know best themselve » , but they cannot prevant others from guessing . Sir , by publishing this letter you will oblige your well-wisher , Rich am Haheb , BadcUffe-bridge , March 8 th . —P . S . I am not a miner . The resolution passed at Bolton , was not to send their proceedings to the Star . Thoxas Hills Heed not be angry , his poetry shall be yet used ; he has n » t been ill-treated , but really other matters of vital importance pressed on us to its
exclu-. T . Caset , Gkeeswich . —Yes , Mr . O'Connell voted for what was called the mitigated Coercion Bill that was passed in 1835 . George Fbakcis , Wilts . — We really cannot give opinions upon title deeds and marriage settlements . A . B . C . —We think the least he can do is to take the mother the money for the support of his child , as we presume he went to her to get it . Edwabd Hodgkinsom , Boltox . —AU persons required to work upon land purchased oy the association will receive timely notice .
J . Losgbottom . —If he will have the case of "Susan " written out clearly and sho .-tly , he shall have our opinion , for we deem the case one of great hardship . E . Fokd , Lixehouss . — Mr . O'Connor will have much pleasure in opening their HalTfor them , and in appointing the day , and in assisting them to keep it open . ¦ ' " ¦' _ . John Tosdolf . —Yes , Halls are built by shares ; if he will apply to Mr . John Murray , 106 , Traris-street , Manchester , he will send him a copy of the rules . Samuel Pain , Obmskirk . —If he will apply to Mr . Murray , as above , he will receive the required infor-¦
mation . . Ms . O'Coskok and tbe Ballot . —Mr . O'Connor begs to acknowledge most kind andrespectftd communication * with reference to his address to the electors and nonelactors oi Edinburgh , requesting a re-consideration of his vie ws from the following societies and individuals : — from the Leeds Council , through Mr . Win . Brook , secretary ; from the Chartists of Hamilton , through J . Park ; from Wm . Sjkes , Holbeck , near Leeds ; from Thomas Wild , Oldnam ; and from Sunderland ; from William Dobbin , a most feeling and pathetic letter , showing that the ballot would be the most valued of all the provisions for the poGr dependent voter , who has ever been Mr . O'Connor ' s especial ^ jent . In answer to these several respectful commuiuj ^ tfbns , Mr . O'Connor begs to return his thanks tg-ffie . applicants , and say , that the letter of Bobbm-isOOne ^ ould
have been sufficient , while the severaj taien . together would induce him to give , thengh a ; shorternot a less plain , answer than he has already given to Mr . Cooper . His answer then shall be simple , straightforward , manly , and unmistakeable , which is , that he now sees that a Chartist Parliament . -alone should hare the power of deciding whether " the principles of the Charter could be as well or better carried out by the ballet ; and , therefore , he begs to subscribe himself as an advocate for that point which , if the applicants will take the trouble to read his address again , they will find that he only meant to resist , under the present representative system , and merely gave an opinion that with a Chartist constituency it would not be required . We think it would be well if all persons challenged by public opinion would take the same early and straightforward mode of meeting it that Mr . O'Connor has done .
James Powell . —His copy of the Farming Work , together with his letter , has been handed over to Mr . Wheeler , to be forwarded to him , and the sums he speaks of are all acknowledged in last week's Star . The ilrsDEEED Seebt . —We cannot forego the pleasure of publishing the following letter , which we have receivtsdfromourfriendBavidPott , of Birmingham , asthe best anywer to the hypocrites who would persuade the Irish people that the English Chartists have no sympathy for them . We expect , through their means , to -see the wife and children of the murdered Seery comfortably settled in a farm of their own , purchased with theEnglisliCliartists ' money . Thefollotvragistheletter of David Pott . We have a right to expect that the chairman will read it at the next meeting held at Conciliation Hall , and , indeed , such course , if adopted
long ago , would have intimidated the minister from his rascally attempt to eoerce Ireland : — "Birmingham , March lltu , 1816 . To Feargns O'Connor , Esq . Dear sir , —The enclosed order is made payable to you through Mr . James Smith , Ship , Steelhouse-lane , and is for the widow of poor Seery , who was siurdered in Ireland on the evidence of an Orange tyrant , and found guilty by an Orange jury , for the purpose of assisting in coercing poor Ireland . May it be the means of creating that feeling in the breast of every peasant in Ireland , as shall drive such bloodthirsty rascals frem their native country . Aye , and it soon would be the case if it was not for that Judas O'Connell . By inserting it in the people ' s paper as follows , you will much oblige the Chartists of this locality , D . Pott : —Chartist meeting at the Ship , per David Pott , 10 s . —24 , York . « treet . "
St . Geobge ' s-stkeet , Kobthampzon . —The lit . Cd . acknowledged last week was acknowledged under the general head "Executive , " because all the expenses of the late Conference comes from the Executive fund , and is acknowledged under that general head .
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RECEIPTS OF THE CHARTIST COOPERATIVE LAUD SOCIETY . SHAKES . ' ; PEB OENIEAL B £ C * ET 1 BT . £ « . d . ' £ s . d . Staleybride .. .. 10 8 0 Bath .. .. 2 6 0 Stoke-sub-Hamden 0 10 Isham .. .. „ 0 2 8 Lambeth . .. .. 17 5 9 Hebden BridVe " 3 0 9 James Marsh ., 0 . 2-6 Mr . W . Fvs v . ,. 2 4 «
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Mr . J . King . ; ' « © " 1 ^ 4- ^^ r ^ ch ~^ r ^ ~ - » Reading .. ... 5 0 0 Leicester .. -200 Tower Hamlets .. 4 8-6 Dunfermline "' ' ' o 14 Westminster .. * 16 6 Preston ( O'Connor's ' Warrington .. •¦ 1 . 16 * Brigade ) .. .. 3 3 3 ¦ ' ( CABD 3 AMD BOXES : •¦ ¦ ,... ; , Merthyr , per Mor-- Hebden Brid ge .. 0 0 4 gan .. s .. .. 0 10 Derby . . . , ¦ , f > 01 0 Westminster « 0 0 10 Lambeth J .. .. 0 0 6 Secretary .. . - P * 6 . i LEVT . IOR THE 1 AHD CONFERENCE . Colue .. .. •< » P <> Derby 0 10 HebdenBridge .. 006 LETT FOB DIRECTOBS . Mr ' 3 ^ YiriZ "' - '• ~" o" '" t ^ it ^ joKatt , ~~ »~™~ « - "*•*• „„ „
Colne ° 1 I t eck A .. 010 Merthyr ( Morgan ) 0 0 5 Preston .- ( O'Connor Devizes .. » « « « _ ^ ade ) .. .. 0 1 0 Dudley .. ° 0 6 Derby .. ^ .... 0 1 3 Cockermouth 0 0 8 Plymouth .. .. - ell Erratum . —The 2 s . 8 d . acknowledged last week from Sheffield for the Executive , should hate been for Levy . Several small sums for levy were also acknowledged , which had appeared in a previous Star . ¦ Notice . —On and after Saturday , March 21 st , all communlcattons for Mr . Wheeler must be addressed to him at the office of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society 83 . Dean-street , Soho . Sub-secretaries are requested to copy the above address . ¦ : . ' ¦ T . M . Wheeler , Sec .
NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . PER GENERAL SECEETAET . , Mr . King : .. 0 011 Leicester ( profits Marylebone .. .. 030 on Star ) .. .. 012 exiles' restoration idnd . : Westminster .. 041 Mr . T . Salmon .. 0 06 Milne's Book .. 0 6 11 Mr . W . Salmon .. 006 City locality .. 050 Carlisle .. .. 010 0 Teetotal Carpenters 0 3 6 Somers Town .. 0 5 0 City Chartist Hall Mr . Moore .. . 0 1 0 ( collection ) .. 037 Mr . H . Stallwood .. 0 0 6 Raffle , Marjiebone , Mr . Tobin .. .. 050 ' per Godwin .. 0 10 0 VICTIM FUND , Carpenters ' Hall , Manchester .. .. .. 1 0 0 ; EXILES' WIDOWS' AMD ORrHANs' FUND C , Carole .. 0 7 6
ANH-HILIT 1 A SOCIETY . Leicester .. .. .. ., „ .. 050 Mr . Pickersole , Lambeth .. .. .. 0 . 2 C Mr . Fielding , Marple ... .... .. .. 050 The balance-sheet of the National Charter Association will appear hi next week ' s Star . Thomas Mabtht Wheeleb , Secretary . :
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THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . Meetings for the purpose of enrolling members , and transacting other business connected therewith , are held every week on the following days and places : — SUSIAT STONING . South London Chartist Hall , 115 , Blackfriars-road : at half-past six o ' clock . —City Chartist Hall , 1 , Turnagain-lane : at six o ' clock . —Westminster : at the Parthenium Club Rooms , 72 , St . Martin ' s-lanei at half-past seven . —Somers Town : at Mr . Duddrege ' s , Bricklayers' Arms , Tonbridge-street , New-road , at half-past seven . —Tower Hamlets : at the Whittington and Cat , Church-row . Bethnal-green , at six o ' clock precisely . —Emmet ? a Brigade : at the Rock Tavern , Lisson-grove , at eight o ' clock precisely . — -Marylelone : at the Coach Painters' Arms , Circus-street , at halfpast seven .
MONDAY XVENIXG . CatnbenveU : at the Montpelier Tavern , Walworth , at eight o ' clock precisely . TUESDAT EVENING . Greenwich : at the George and Dragon , Blackheathhill , at eight o ' clock . Newcasilt-upon-Tync : This branch of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society meet in the house of Martin Jude , Sun Inn , Side , every Monday evening , from seven until sine o ' clock , for the purpose of receiving gubscriptions and enrolling members . Leicester : The members and committee of the Cooperative Land Society meet at 87 , Church-gate , every Sunday night , at six o'clock . ArnJey : The members of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society meet at the house of Mr . William Oates , boot and shoemaker , Armley Town-gate , every Monday evening , at eight o ' clock .
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Oldbau . — On Sunday ( to-morrow ) Mr . Daniel Donovan will lecture in the school-room ot the Working Man ' s Hall , at six o ' clock in the evening . At the close of the lecture , a special general meeting of the members will take place , for the purpose of nominating fit and proper persons to serve on the Executive Committee for the ensuing year , and to consider the propriety of electing a person to represent this locality in the forthcoming convention , to be held at Leeds . Halifax District Delegate Meeting . —A delegate meeting of this district will be holden on Sunday , March 15 th , at Lower Wai-Icy , when each locality is requested to send a delegate , as business of importance will be brought before the meeting . To commence at two o ' clock precisely . Halifax . —The Chartists of this locality will meet on Monday evening , at six o'clock , to nominate candidates to serve ou the executive committee for the ensuing year , and to transact other business .
' Bolton . —A lecture will be delivered by Mr . Robt . Blinkhorn , on Sunday next , March loth , at six o ' clock in the evening , in the Chartist Association Room , top of King-street , Deansgate , Great Bolton .
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ALVA . On Tuesday evening Mr . Abram Duncan delivered a lecture in the People's Hall , on " Tke Moral Responsibility of a Soldier . " The hall was well filled , and the lecture was listened to with great attention . On Friday evening a public meeting was held to hear the news from America , which , having been read from the Daily Netvs , a resolution was proposed by John Nicol , seconded by Andrew Mackenzie , - and carried unanimously : — "That this meeting adopt such means ' as may be deemed necessary towards maintaining peace between the two countries . " A memorial to Sir R . Peel and the rest of her Majesty's Ministers was then agreed to , and the meeting dissolved . —[ We are sorry we are compelled to withhold the memorial this week ; it shall appear in our next . ]
NOTTINGHAM . A public meeting for the town and county of Nottingham was held at Carringtoc , on Sunday last , for the purpose of considering the propriety of the suggested convention . Mr . Cr . Clarkson was unanimously '^ called upon to preside , and stated the object of the meeting . It was resolved " that this meeting cordially agree in the necessity of holding the said convention , and will pledge themselves to support the same by every means in their power . " Proposed by Mr . Oldknow , seconded by Mr . Lee , "that Mr . J . Sweet is a fit and proper person to represent this district in the forthcoming convention ; " which , on being put , was carried unanimously . It was then agreed that all monies for the above purpose should be remitted to Mr . J . Sweet immediately . After a vote of thanks to the chairman , the meeting broke un .
OLDHAM . On Saturday last a public meeting , by adjournment from the field behind the Albion inn , took place in the Town Hal ! , for the' purpose of hearing the report of the Radical Election Committee . Mr . Wm . Barlow , beer-seller , was called on to preside , who filled the office with credit . lie commenced by calling on the secretary to read the letters from Mr . Cobbctt , Mr . Halliday , and Mr . Fox , who had been recommended by the committee as fit and proper persons to represent the borough in the Commons House of Parliament . All three were proposed and seconded . Mr . Halliday was the popular candidate , with an overwhelming majority in his favour . A vote of thanks was then passed to the chairman , and the meeting separated . . , ; On Sundat last Mr . P : M . Brophy delivered an energetic address on the horrors of war , in the School Room of the Working Man ' s Hall . He was listened to with great attention , and gave general satisfac tion . ' ¦ " ¦¦•
Litileiowx . —The Liyersedge petition for the restoration of Frost , WiHiams , and Jones , was signed by 1186 ; the Heckmondwike petition by 872 ; and Little Gomersall by 364 . We wrote to our county members , Lord Morpeth and Beckett Denison , requesting them to support the motion of T ; S . Duncombe , Esq . Their answer was the same as that , to the Barnsley men . ...... UUls UUllldAVl UlVUt ,.,. ' .-, .
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ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . : Dr . Bachoffner has been lecturing on Astronomy in tbe theatre of the above establishment . His remarks on the Capernican system , aided by effective diagrams , showed the incorrectness of the opinions of Ptolemy and Tycho on this science . This elementary lecture , totally divested of the trammels of scientific technicalities , was well adapted to the capacity of all classes . His opinion that a man versed in astronomy , and professing to be an atheist , must be a madman , was evidently most satisfactory to the audience . These lectures will be continued during Lent . The learned Dr . was accompanied during lis lecture by Dr . Wallis ; musical director to this institution , on a perfectly new and extraordinary musical instrument , called the "Melodian , " invented by Mr . Grovis , a native of Dublin . The singular volume and power oi so small and por table an instrument excited the stroncest
surprise amongs t all who heard it . Its dimensions are only eighteen | by twentj-two inches and four or five inches deep , being no larger thaH a ladies' Writing desk ; and when unclasped it presents two chambers to view . One is opened b y a spring out of view , the other is freed by pressing on the chamber . On the top of the chamber are ivory studs , in the order of pianoforte keys , with the flats aad sharps above , and it has the extent of four octaves , from F in the . bass to F in alt in the treble . In the act of performing , the motion of the wrists , by pressing on the chamber , keeps up a continuous strain of \ yind on the vibrators , and in this point it differs from portable hand instruments , and by the discretion of the performer produces effects from the soft passage ! to the strong choral effects of the organ . " Itis best adapted for church music , but , ftoin its quickness of touch , rapid passages can likewise be performed , ' . "'• ¦
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^ THE-POMsKNSUKREeTIGN . - , j The following proclamation and decree has been issued by the Provisional Government at Cracow : — MANIFESTO OF THE POLISH GOVERNMENT- OF THE GENERAS POLISH CAUSE . ¦ '' Poles ! ¦ ¦ .: ¦ ¦ ...-. . . . ,. .-,, , .,- . , ., ; :. ; Thehour of insurrection ha » sounded .. All dismemi bered Poland rises and greater . Already our brothers of the Grand Duchy of Posen , of Russian Poland , and of Lithuania , have risen , and in Russia combat against the enemy ; they combat for their most sacred right , taken froni them by force and fraud . You know well what has passed and is passing ; The flower of our youth Ianguisbes in dungeons . Our fathers , whose councils sustained us , are subjected to contempt . Our clergy is re-» wmnnu ¦»» •• .. JI ^ J *" * ¦ ~
viled . Whoever desires to live or die for Poland is destroyed , or pinos in a dungeon , or is liable every moment to be thrown into one . The groans of millions of our brethren , who perish under the knout in subterranean dungeons , and are sent away to the remotest ends of thu countrias of our oppressors , submitting to all the sufferings of which humanity is capable of enduring , have deeply struck and moved our hearts . -They have taken away our glory ; prohibited our language ; interdicted tho profession of the faith of our fathers . They oppose insurmountable barriers to the amelioration of our social state , arm brother against brother , and calumniate the most honoured children of our country . Brothers , one Btep moro , and Poland exists no longer . Our grandchildren
will curse our memory for having left them nothing , in one of the finest countries of the world , but deserts and ruins ; for having left our warlike people in irons ; for having forced them to profess . a foreign faith , to speak a strango language , and for hiving reduced them to be slaves of our oppressors . The dust of our fathers , martyrs of the rights of the nation , cries from the tomb to avenge thorn . Children at the breast implore us to proserve for them the country that God has confided ' to us , The free nationa of tbe world invite us hot to allow our nationality to be destroyed . God ' ' . himself invites us , He who will one day demand ah account of our
stewardship . We are twenty millions ! let us rise as one man ; and no force on earth can crush our power . ¦ '¦¦¦'¦ ¦¦¦ - >'• We shall have such liberty as never was enjoyed on this earth . Let us eiidcdvourto conquer a foeiis of liberty of a community , where each ' ihall enjoy the goods of the earth , according to Ms merit and his capacity . Let there be no more privileges , but each Pole find full security for himself , his ; wife , his children , and let him who is inferior in mind or body , find without humiliation the infallible aid of the nation , which shott have the absolute property of the land which to-day is only enjoyed by some . Interests ;( class interests ?) thus cease , as well as corves and similar rights and those who shall fall with arms in their liunds for the
national cause , shall obtain an indemnity in the land or national goods .. ¦ . ¦ ¦ Poles ! from this moment we recognise not any difference . Let us henceforward be as the children of one mother—of justice ; of one fatherthe God who is in Heaven . Lot us invoke . his aid ; he will bleBs our arms , and give us victory ; but in order to draw down his blessing , we must not sully ourselves by the vice' of drunkenness , or any other infamous action ; let us not treat despotically those who have been confided to us ; let us not kill those who are without arms , nor such as do not think with ourselves , not strangers ; for . we fight not with people , but with their oppressors . In token of friendship let us mount the national cockade , and take the following oath : —
" I swear to serve Poland , my country , by council , word , and action . I swear to sacrifice to her my opinions , my life , my fortune . I swear absolute obedience to the national government , which has been erected in Cracew the 22 nd of this month , at eight o ' clock in the evening , in the house of Krystoforz , and to all the authorities instituted by the government . And may God assist me to keep this vow . " This manifesto shall be inserted m the government journals , sent into , all Poland , and notified in all the churches from the pulpit , and in all the communities by placards in public places . LODIS GOBZKOWSKI , Jeah Lissowski , and AlEXANDRE GbZEGOEZEWSEI . Ciueles Gbzegokzewski , . Secretary of the Government , Cracow , Feb . 33 , 1846 .
Krystoforz was the residence of Joseph Pomtitowski , during the campaign of 1809 , and is held in respect by the Cracovians . Cracow itself was the cradle of the old Polish monarchy , and capital of thu kingdom under thu Jagellen race . ¦ In addition to the decree above given , it is stated by the Paris Debate that other decrees were issued on the 24 th , and among the names attached to them appear ? that of Count Potulicki . One of the richest citizens of Poland , Count Wodzicki , an old soldier , has been named , it is said , Commander of the Guard of Safety of the Republic .
The provisional government has taken the most urgent measures of defence , for on all sides Prussian , Austrian , and Russian forces were marching to crush the insurrection . The Austrian Colonel ilanfeldt , with 400 of the old Cracow militia , have passed over to the new government . It was said that desertion had manifested itself in the regiments Mazadulls and Bertotilli , and that they had been sent away from Gallicia . It was the attempt to destitute this Colonel by the Austrian General , De Collin , which caused the militia to rise , and forced Be Collin to retreat to Podgorze . ' ¦ ¦ . '
1 he three Consuls of the Protecting Powers had retired into Gallicia- and Silesia . Their houses were plundered during the first explosion . The insurgent force was said to be twelve thousand , armed with scythes ; but the scythe is the national weapon of the Poles , and it was with this arm that they beat the Russians at Radavia , under Kosciusko . The town of Cracow is an open town , * without any defence , but an old castle on the Podgorze side . In Gallicia , it was said , on the taith of travellers , that the insurgents were well armed and furnished with cavalry .
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By letters from the Austrian frontiers , Lemberg , Feb . 22 , we have the following : —• Up to the present , one hundred persons have boen arrested at Lemberg ; the garrison has been reinforced by three squadrons of hussars . The troops are kept constantly under arms , and under the strictest discipline . • Theraport that the prison and arsenal were attacked by the insurgents is not confirmed . Great excitement prevails among the people . Lemberg is populated by Germans , and by 30 , 000 Jews , yet they manifest great sympathy with the Poles . The revolutionary / spirit has spread exceedingly amongst the working classes . At Wadowizea Count Bobrowski has been arrested with four comrades . Ten new arrests have taken place '; among otk « i MM . Poninski and Laniniski . A report was currait that a general insurrection had broken out in Poland , and that the Pepe had sent a brief to approve of the insurrection . ' : .
It is said that some of the insurgents have been tried by court-martial , and shot , at Lembfirg . Vienna , F * b . 26 . —The official papers confirm the retreat of General Collin , the Austrian representative ^ M . de Liemann is at Biala . Part of the garrison of Olmutz are under marching orders . The revohtiotiary sjyirit has gained the troops . Many death-warrants only await the signature of the Emperor . The events in Gallicia have greatly aifected the Bourse . The shares of the Milan Railway hav « fallen from 22 to 20 . ¦ ¦ ¦'¦¦ . ¦
It is reported that General Collin dismissed the Commandant of the National Guard at Cracow . The N » tio Ilal Guard , not approving of this measure , immediate ly joined the insurgents . Fighting commenced at once in the streets , and 200 men of the infantry and half of the cavalry ( 140 men ) were slain . The troops retired towards the bridge over the Vistula , and part of them were cut off . The bridge has been destroyed , some say by the troops , some by the patriot * . 1 At Oraoow ; and in the neighbourhood , the patriots muster 12 , 000 ' strohg , but very badly provided with arms ; thousands have nothing but scythes . * "
Up to tlie present , the Russians have only been able to colleot 600 men of infantry , and about 100 Cossacks , who have just entered the territory of Cracow . The insurgents seem determined on crossing the Vistula , below Oszwienezin , and on entering Gallicia . In Volhnia , and northern Hungary , something is stirring , but as yet nothing of importance has occurred , ' , The Senate of Cracotr has retired with the Austrian troops to Podgorzo . The whole territory of Cracow ib hemmed in by troops . ' Vienna , 26 th . —General Collin has received reinforcements , and more are expected daily . The conspiracy extend s from Thorn to the Cnrpakiar mountains . A regiment has received orders to leave Vienna for the frontier . Two other regiments , one from Olmutz , the other from Tropau , are under marching orders . '• .. ¦ .
The two regiments Mazaolielli and Bertoletti , composed principally of Poles , have been disbanded ;* Itis said that desertions have taken place from the troops commanded by General Collin . The following information is derived from letters received from Prussia and Saxony : — Berlin , Feb . ' 27 . —Tho Minister of the Interior has received , it is said ; the information that Moro-
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* The following lettor appeared in the Daily Neu » 0 Tuesday : — ' ' '* " ¦ 108 , High llolborr .. Sir , _ Tou state in y » ur paper of to-day that " tho two reg iments MazachQlli' and Bertoletti , composed principally of Poles , have been disbanded in Gallicia , " on account of tbe Austrian government being aware that they sympathised with the Polish national insurrec tion . The two regiments , as even their names might indicate , are Italian regiments , nnd almost oxcUmvelv composed of Italians . Hoping that tbe correction may prove of soma importance as evincing a symptom of tho Italian feeling toward * a brave oppressed people engaged iu a cause identical irith our own , I remain , sir , your mos , t obediant servant , March Q . Jos . Mazzimi .
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ilawU , ththead oj . the consp \ ra ^ ,: had . waped . Jrm hit prison . j Silbbiaj Bueslaw , Fbb ; 27 . —Letters-just ' arrived from Cracow say that the Austrianshave been driven from Podgorze and Wielieska , and that the insurgents are gaining ground in Gallicia . i According-to news , dated Breslau , 3 rd March , Silesia : — V ¦ ¦ ; The insurgents muster 40 , 000 strong . 1 Dresden , 24 th : —M . Sohroeder . Russian Charge d'Affaires , who had proceeded to Weimar , ha 9 been recalled in all haste , as his presence tras deemed necsBBary . 1 The Vimersal German Gazette assures us that the bombardment of Cracow has commenced . lhe number of arrests in the province of Poaea alone is 800 . .
Intelligence received from Frankfort up to the 27 tb . ult ., state that on tho 24 th , the victorious Polish insurgents crossud the Vistula at Siepolomize , near whicn they were joined by numerous partisans , and whence they proceeded to Weiliezka , in the hope ol surprising the Treasury of the Mining Administration . By this movement the commander of the Austrian lorces ( General Collin ) was threatened on lug left flank , and was obliged to retreat still further from Cracow than Podgorze , and to fall back on Mogilani and Wadowice , where he was in hourly expectation of receiving reinforcements . A considerable quantity of snow had fallen during the two preceding days , and that circumstance , tegelher with the spread of the insurrection , had prevented any communication between too troops of the three protecting powers . It appears , by all accounts , that tue insurgents found plenty of arms and ammunition m Lracow and other sinews of war . All anxiety
respecting the fate of the Austrian and Prussian ministers in Cracow is now happily removed , as it is ascertained that the former safely escaped to : ie 3 cnen , and the latter to Prussian Silesia . Numerous priests and monks are in the ranks of the insurgents . According , to an account in the Frankfort ¦ V berpostamtsZeitung , 'a portion of the Russian frontiers had at one time been invaded by the Polos , who had , however , been repulsed . It appears that two jLelgians ^ are amongst the leaders of the . insurgvnts . 'Several senators of Cracow , and the bishop , were obliged , on the night of the 22 nd , to seek safety in flight . They have reached Vienna . Up to the 24 th the number of the Polish adherents was reckoned at 20 , 000 . Martiallaw has been proclaimed in the districts of Lemberg , Rzeszower , Bochina , and Tarnow . ¦ TJie last account from the first town was , that disturbances had broken out in the district otKolomear , and that large bodies of insurgents had made their appearance in Sangecz ..
The Augsburg Allgemeine Zeitung , of the 2 nd in » t ., contains ltneiJigence from Cracow up to the 23 rd ultimo . It fully confirms the accounts already forwarded ; tliat early on the morning of the 21 m , tho Austrian troops were attacked by the insurgents , lhe day of the 21 st passed off quietly , but on the 22 nd a very considerable number of insurgents , lad by the Polish nobles Patelski , Durowski , Bystrzanowaki , and Wenzil , got possession of the castle , lhe above paper adds that the Austriaus , on account
ot the overwhelming majority of their opponents , were obliged to evacuate the city , and that details of a inght ( ful nature respecting the outbreaks on , ihe Silesiar f frontier had been received . It promises further particulars onthe morrow ( the 3 rd inst . ) ' According to the Austrian Observer , the Polish Eagle was suspended over Podgorze , ' and the insurrection apreadingin ' tlie neighbourhood of Tarnow , Bouhma , and Rzeszow , where , as stated by the above journal , very dutreBsing ( se / ir betrubende ) scenes had occurred . ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ .
P . S . It ii now ascertained that the money-box of the mining administration at Wieliezka has fallen into the hands of the insurgents . Up to the 27 th no news from Warsaw had reached Vienna , ma Breslau , during several days / The Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung states that on the 23 rd ult . the western portion of Gallicia was in the possession of the insurgents , who , on the 25 th , repulsed , with considerable loss , a company of the Breslau jager who had marched oh the territory ot Cracow . It ia generally supposed that to-mnrrnw ( the 5 th inst . ) the troops of the three protecting powers will march towards Cracow . According to the journal last quoted , a rumour prevailed in Breslau , _ on tbe 28 th ult ., that disturbances had broken out in Hungary . It is now certain , beyond the possibility of doubt , that the present movement is , or will be , a general one throughout ancient Poland . '' We take the following from the German Universal Gazette : — '¦ ''' ¦
. Brkslau , 28 th Fkb . —On the 23 rd inst . the insurgents attacked the Austrians at Podgorze , and » re said to . have driven them back ' into Austrian Silesia .. Thus eastern Gallicia would be in the hands of the insurgents . Up to the . present the insurgents have had the upper hand against tbe Russia troops in Poland . An insurrection is said to have broken out at Lemberg . -. ; ' It is reported that the Jews have offered considerable sums to the provisional government , and to enrol themselves for the common cause . At Cracow , women on horseback parade the streets the priests bless the arms of the men , and preach revolt . The provisionary government sent two detachments towards the Russian frontier , who took some Cossack prisoners , but it is said that the insurgents have been , beateu by the Austrians at Wadovtza . General Clopizki has left for Dresden .
According to correspondence from Mirnberg , Russian Poland is in movement , and fighting has commenced between the military and the people . At Wilna the pepulace were fired on with grape—50 , 000 Russians are iu Poland , and the soldiers have received orders to give no quarter . From Silesia , 1 st March . —At Cracow the insurgents have shown the greatest respect for Prussia . Whilst the Austrian and Russian eagles were torn from the hotels of the representatives , and dragged in the mire , the Prussian eagle was respected , and an armed force was sent to protect M . Erigelhardt , the Prussian representative . .
BATTLES BETWEEN THE POLES AND THE AUSTRIANS . . [ From the German papers . ] The Frankfort Oberportaints Zeitung publishes the following . correspondence , dated Vienna , March 1 . It must be observed . that this journal has , from the commencement , of the outbreak , shown itself hostile to the cause of the Polish insurgents : — " Podgokzb , Fbb . 27 . —Yesterday afternoon General Collin marched through this town from . Wadowizc , with five companies of the Schwelling infantry , a battalion of the Furatenworth infantry , a corps of militia , a squadron of imperial chevauxlegers , and a half battery . He arrived in front of this placo at six this evening . The insurgents occupied the first floors of the houses and barracks , whence they fired on the Austrian troops as they stormed the place . After a short resistance the former , abnndoned their posts ; and hastened over the bridge to Cracow . Several
lives were lost .. General Collin was attacked by another body of Cracow insurgents , whom he repulsed with the loss of eighty killed or takon prisoners . Several additional troops are expected here to-morrow . Lieutenant-Colonel Bencdekt , at tho head of the faithful armed peasants , attacked with effect the insuigents , who have already been repulsed beyond Wieliezka . " The Breslau correspondent of the Dcustche Allgemeine Zeitung states , under date March 1 , that an engagement had already taken place at Gdow between the Austrian forces and the insurgents , nnd that the latter had been defeated . Gdow is about four German miles from Cracow , and lies on the high road to Lemberg . The same writer also ennounces the approach of the Prussian troops along the frontier of Cracow , in the direction of Beuthe and Plessen , and adds that they were slfort of provisions . They were under the command of General Von Brauenburgh . : .
Other accounts from Breslau , under date March 1 , state that the provisional government of Cracow were actively engaged in placing the city and territory in a state of defenco ; that no excesses were committed there by the insurgents , amongst whom were 6000 men armed with scythes ; and that on the 26 th ult . twenty Austrian cannons passed through Biala . Intelligence from Posen in the / luflsbim ; Allgemeine Zehimg to the 24 tji ult ., states that the garrison had received strong reinforcements . All was quiet there up to that period . About fifty individuals , chiefs , belonging to the upper classes , were in custody . According to the Vienna correspondent of the above
journal , ' die communication between Tarnow and Lemberg has not been interrupted . Vienna papers state' that tour Russian infantry regiments were posted at Kielce , about fifteen miles from Cracow . The above named paper also publishes a correspondence from' the Gallician frontiers , under date February 26 th , according to which it was generally reported that the patriots had burned the town of Ivoloinaa . " Much anxiety prevailed in Lemberg . About 0 , 000 patriots had collected in the neighbourhood of Sandecz , a portion of whom marched into the Hungarian district of Arya . ' Numerous Poles , who had been living in Vienna ; Prague , Brunn , &c , had left for the scene of tho revolt .
AU Russian Poles living in foreign countries have been ordered by their government to return home , under the penalty of confiscation of their property . The Jihiae and Jiloselle Gazette asserts that an insurrectionary movement had taken placo in the neiglibourhoiod of Kimmenetz , in South Russia , and at Lublin . A later number of the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung states that the accounts respecting the defeat of the insurgents at Wadowizc had not been confirmed ; and that , on the contrary , the Poles were gaining ground in Gallicia , and had been victorious in some encounters { in enigen Gefuhten gluclclich gewesen ) .
Silesia , Feb . 27 . ~ Tho insuiionts are masters of about fifteen German miles round Cracow ( sixty-nine English ) . The insurgents treat the Germans tuith the groatest moderation . At Cracow it is sufficient to wear a red and white cockade to be in safety . Tomorrow , the post organised by the insurgents will commence communication with Prussia . Yesterday some Poles from Dresden were not permitted to -pvc «
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, ceed , to , Ppland . . Gieze , iiispeciorofpolice , supppsing ^ that the conspiracy was hatched in Paris . ex ^ ctcd ' ali ^" letters coming . from that ; city . 'Lie director of the Port has Jaid a complaint . * : '< ¦'' ' ' " ' ¦¦ ' ¦ Puussian Silksia , Feb . 28 . —Russia has so much , to do in Lithuania , and on the Prussian frontier , both east and west , that no very considerable force can march on tho republic of Cracow . Breslau , March 1 . —The revolutionary government at Cracow haye issued a new coin and paper money Cracovia is divided into eleveu districts . Each district is under tho care of a commissary . " lhe government have taTen the treasures of the cathedra ! for the public good . It is said the insurgents are gaining "round in Gallicia . General Rohi commands the troops . The insurgents have already been summoned to surrender . ' It is said that the ' . Prussian troops will not enter Cracow alone , but in company with Austrian and Russian troops . ^ >
Prussian troops to the number of 5000 have left for the frontier . ( ; Frontier of Poland . —Fresh troops arrive anily at Warsaw from the interior-of Russia . There are but few regular troops in the different towns of Poland . Austria , Vienna , Feb . 37 . —The accounts . from Galliciaare still of an alarminif nature . The insurgents are advancing to the number of . 10 , 000 . The Jesuits ' College at Tarnow lias been pillaged . We hear from Prague that Count Thun has been arrested . It is certain that at a ball the imperial eagle fell amidst general applause . General Szembeck , well known in therevoiution of 1832 , is among the insurgents .
STATE OF WARSAW . LFrom the Journal desDebats . ] A letter dated the 26 th ult . from Kalish , a frontier town of Polish Russia , communicates a new inuidunt in the Polish . insuiTcction . 'r On tlie 21 th Priiite Paskewitsch received at Warsaw an estdfette from Baron de Sternherjr ; the Russian Consul at Cracow , informing him of the insurrection , and the retirement of the Austrian troops from the city . His immediately gave order ' s to the small body oftriiti | ' -i in the province on the border of the republic of Ctacnw to move towards the frontier , and formajtii . ci . ou . with all the Austrians . But on thu same d « v a
dispatch from Siedlce informed , him that the chfet' town of the old Palatinate had become thetueutn- of a sanguinary conflict between the troops and ilic inhabitants . The remarkable featui ' A is that this collision took place precisely at the period fixed Ini- i i ; o general insurrection . Siedlce is a considerable . town , and was the pivot of the operations of tiiu Pololt army on the right bank of tho Vistula durim : M . e , late war in Poland . Prince Paskewitsch is sani 10 have given orders for numerous arrests at Wai saw » nd in other pans of Poland , The people of Wai-.-. iw are in a state of apprehension difficult to describe > lie troops are confined to their barracks , and > ieqi in their uniforms , with their arms by their sides .
MANIFESTO OF THE POLES TO THE l'KtiSSlAtf PEOPLE . Men of tut . Prussian People , Your masters have ordered jou to boourenemii !* . Let us , however , address you in the name of tlmt wliirli man holds most d »» r—in the name of his family , of l-is pleasures , and of hk duty . In the name of nutionul ! - < itiour , whose nublest attribute will ahvnjs be tlmtuf b » i < i ^ in truitod with tha defence , at the price of our liii ... it and our fortunes , of the rights given us by natuiv on our native Boil , but without tver failing to i : oiisciei : ti < m-ly respcctttiem in others ; in tbe name of the laiili , which sees in the events of thuliistory of the world the Hand ot an eternal Providence , without whose'infinite wisdom and power the sublimest things would , even uwlt-r a
terrestrial point of view , be but n frivolous jest am ! a con . temptible gain . Your masters have ordered jou to be our enemies ! Have you well weighed why and tor what ond ? Have they done this with 11 view to jour welfare , your honour , your position amongst nations fit the present time and hereafter ! Well , join us iu looking bact seriously and without prejudice , on the events of the last seventy-live years , and say yourselves if a cryin / injustice and without parallel , if a revolting infraction of all immortal nnd imprescriptible national rights has not been committed with the only objuet of making away , by the destruction or a noble people , nho , tor *» «»»<* « ' <»> tuv ;« ii , by glorious battles , served as a rampart to all civilised Christian Europe against Asiatic barbarism , to the Mogul power which it restrained , towards an easy subjection of nil the East . Since that , under the reign of Peter the First , ltussia joined the European system , the only aim of its policy , as shown by every page of its h . lstory ' , has been the subjection under its sceptre of . two parts of the
world ; and where she could not conquer by forceof arms , she sought to obtain by the baneful tortuous cunning of her diplomacy , or by the intimidation of the States whose weakness or blindness gave them up to her mercy . On the south she advanced by measured steps towards the conquest of Persia and Turkey , and there it is that she presents to fascinated Europe the spectacle of an aggressive war against an heroic race of Mountaineers , a war in which she is prodigal iviih an equal indifference of theblood of friend 3 and of foes . Poland stopped her way on the east . You are acquainted with , what took place . Russia would not suffer any barrier to exist butween her and Europe ; Prussia « nd Austria , with a blind egotism , sacrificing the safety and the advantage of the future to the delusive advantages of the present , fell into the snare , overthrew the barrier which sheltered them from their natural and most powerful enemy , and Poland was torn to pieoea But so that there might not be any doubt as to the real meaning of this banditory act , the partitioning was so made that Russia was allowed to take to herself a .
part out of all proportion of the iniquitous booty , whilst . the others were compelled to be satisfied with crumbs which fell from the master ' s table . If the crowned robbers had , after accomplishing their nefarious deed , acted towards each other according to the rules of common equity , every one of lhe three powers ought to have had a third of the whole booty . Quite the reverse—Prussia obtained by the first partition , in 1772 , one-seventh of the plunder ; by the second , in 1793 , one-sixth : and by the third , in 1793 , one-fourth . At the second , Austria was even wholly left out . Now , this inequality , which already meant enough , became still more remarkable when , in 1815 , Kussin took buck from Prussia and Austria a large
portion of that which she had yielded to them in returtk for tho assistance they had given her , so that Prussia now scarcely possesses one-thirteenth part of Poland . Hear ye this , one-thirteenth part of Poland ! but as tho infamy of robbery cannot be divided , Prussia does not the less ; bear in full the opprobrium of having been an accomplice in one of the greatest political crimes recorded in the history of nations . Yes-, and tho Prussian Cabinet did but add to the weight of its crime when it participated in the second partition , after bavin ;; given the most formal Assurances of its nssistniice pgainst every attempt against the rights which it had so solemnly recognised to Poland .
It has been pretended to be maintainedVthat the Prussia of the last century , as being a state but in its infancy , was to losk only H its aggrandisement and extension of territory ; besides which it was , in fact , too weak to resist such an act as the partition of Poland , even though she had felt the meanness and injustice of it , so that she had no other alternative than to see the booty pass into the hands of others , and take a share thereof for herself . This mode of arguing constitutes a sophism so much , the more pitiful that it presupposes that , with the alteration of the policy of Prussia . in . respect to Poland , the system of the Prussian alliances could , in other respects , be wholly maintained . If Prussia , faithful to its engagements towards Poland , had declared war against Russia , it would have had to abandon the coalition , against the liberties . nnd . independence of France , o £
which she tormed a part , and then , supported by France and Poland , shi ! would not only have been victorious over Russia / mid Austria , out she . would have escaped tho fchunic of defeats . It would have placed herself lialf a century sooner at the head of the German national unity , without the French Kepublic ever being nblo to become an invading aggressive power . The victories gained by France over u coalition , to which Prussia belonged , after Poland had been partitioned , and its parts had increased the strength of the respective allied Powers , show the truth of this assertion ; which , howeucr , is to be drawn from the principle , that a political injustice is not only a crime , but also n fault ; aud that tjie situation of Prussia , for founding the German unity , is so closely allied to its nature , that nothing less than so erroneous and iniquitous a policy as that of Prussia towards Poland could prevent it , before already half a century , from taking possession of so glorious n position .
Whatever may be tho real weight 0 ! such an apology for measures taken under the influence of past events , what is certain is , that under existing circumstances it destroys itself . Iniquity can never create a right . Pi ussin , who in the 18 th century kid the weight on her conscience of parties pating in the robbery committed in Poland , does no less in the 19 th than continue her crime , when , in violation of a neutrality called for no less by the precepts of a wise policy than by the principles of national equity and of an enlightened humanity , she gives her assistance to u tyrannical and barbarian power to oppress a people whose only crime has been , in the defence of the most ancred rights trampled under foot , the having had recourse to the supreme remedy of nations and kings—to the strength of arms . In its servile zeal for the llussian despot , Prussia ( to quote only one example out of n thousand ) , in 1 S 31 and 1832 went so far , i \ t Elbing and at Ficbau , as to fire on poor Polish soldiers disarmed under a yoke which
tUey had thrown off . Then flowed the blood of unhappy refugees—on whose head is it to rest ? And , to show you the consequence to which the subserviency of the PrusslaH cabinet to views exclusively Russian , we ask you , for whose boncfit has tho treaty between ltussia aud Prussia , relating to the giving up of deserters , been renewed ? Mutual ! ns if a Prussian soldier coald ever be mad enough to desert his colours to give himself up to the llussian knout!—as if , in comparison to the mist' ry attendant on Russian slavery , the hard labour at Sp ; m vho obtain u the honour of acting as gaoli-rs for Muscovite btivKtiity-Your masters have ordered yon to be our cu * iinesj and seek to make you friends of Mussia . Is Pt ' » ia th < hi now still so wi-ftk thin , aho must , for She snk ii her own proser- . vatiiiii , adopt a line of unmUut < iy : i . « o even ' to her von- S SCiiMico ami feclitiu-. i ( if him .-,.- " Boss aho nt this liuM-r—r ? - ^ ; ; I - , s a-j-wu ^ sA : /\ ¦ s- / ( [ Fur remainder of Jie Polish new , see ^ ' i ' : S ^ P ^ fX ^( i ^ - /^ M ^^ .
Cfjartfet Fottdifpwe.
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NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . : { executive . . : . 5 EEt MR . O'COSNOB . Church Gresley , per Richard Eawley .. .. 0 10 9 Bolton .. , .:- ' ¦ .. ; .. .. .. Boulogne , per David Reid ., ¦ ' " .. ¦ ' - ¦ «• 1 " ' " Halstead , per R . C . Payne 0 10 James Edie , Eincaple , by Cupar , Fife .. ; .. 0 2 0 FOB TRB WIDOW OF THE SLAUGflTEBED . TEEBT . PER MB . O ' CONNOR . ¦• _ ., ¦¦ From the Chartists of Birmingham , meeting at the Shipper David Pott .. .. .. 0 10 0
NATIONAL ANTI-JHLITIA FOND , ; per mb . o '^ osNoa . James Sweet .. .. \ .. .. 0 0 3 William Brown ' .. .. . # .. .. 0 0 3 William Dunckley „ : ' . ~ .. .. Robert Cupitt .. .. .. .. .. 0 0 6 Robert Glover .. 0 0 6 MarkRevHl .. 0 0 3 Sunderland , per Henry Hains .. .. .. 013 Ricbard Town , Fustian Dyer 0 0 C
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RECEIPTS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIYE LAND SOCIETY . 8 HABE 9 . FES XB . O ' COSXOB . £ s . d , Ashton-under-Lyne , per E . Hobson .. .. 2 17 0 Exeter , per Frederick Clark 2 5 0 Bilston . per Joseph Lirmey .. .. 400 Bolton , per Edward Hodgkinson .. .. 3 8 10 WLj-an , per Thomas Pye 12 8 4 Derby , ptr Wm . Chandler .. .. .. 4 16 0 Uindley , per Joseph Bowden .. . ¦ 3 14 0 Plymouth , per E . Robertson .. .. .. 500 Dudley , per W . llaiikin .. .. .. „ 4 15 6 Oldhaw , per W . Hamer ,. ., „ ,, 200 Sunderland , per W . DobDie 3 5 0 Abraham Doxey , Ashford .. .. ., 2 18 6 Cockermouth , per George Feat 3 11 6 ilacclcsneld , per John Warren .. .. .. 500 Nottingham , per J . Sweet .. .. .. 8 14 3 Joseph Robinson , Kirkby-in-Ashfield , per J .
Sweet 2 13 C T . A . 2 12 4 Glasgbvr , Mother Branch , No . 1 , per John Cammeron .. .. .. .. .. .. 408 John Smart , Bromham .. .. .. .. 448 Salford , per John Millington .. .. .. 7 14 9 Birmingham , per Walter Thorn " .. .. .. 5 . 6 O Radford , per James Saunders .. .. ... 4 2 6 Manchester , per John Murray * .. .. .. 18 14 ' 1 Alva , per John Kobertson .. .. .. 3 ' 4 0 * Mr . Murray requests us to state that tbe cause of the small remittance from Manchester this week , is ia consequence of the whole of the building trades in that town being out on strike . The money announced from Bnry in last week ' s Star should hare been from RadcluTe .
LETT FOK TBE LAND CONFEBENCE , PEB MB . O ' CONNOB . Exeter , per Frederick Clark .. .. .. 010 Bolton , per E . Hodgkinson ..... .. 009 Alva , per John Robertson- .. .. .. 0 1 LEVT . FOB DIBECTOES . , PER HB . o ' CONNOB . . Bolton .. » 0 3 4 Abraham Doxey , Ashford .. •• 0 0 8 $
Untitled Article
1 M ^^ t f-isjfl . ;^ : L _ yHg ,, KpjiXHjl&n . star , < r v - * ~ ¦ 1 , ^^ ' . ^^^^^^^^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 14, 1846, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1358/page/5/
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