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THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, MARCH 28,18«.
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THOMAS COOPER * THE CHARTIST'S WOBS5.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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' To he had of Join Cleave , and all bo jksellers . ( Price One Shilling . ) TWO ORATIONS AOA 1 SST TAKING AWAY HUMAN Lir . . TTNDEK any Circumstances ; and in explanr gw | ^ IJ defenceof ths misrepresented doctrine ^ ^« , jj ^ jfcrirtauce . " ( Delivred in the National r ^ ^^^ Wtfae eveningsof February 25 thana M ^ ,, f A , « These orations , regarded merdj ^ Htttwyiompcaition 5 , « e deserving of a carefai perusal -wKle , as expositions of the political sentlMCjJtfi of a . Jatge portion «* the people , every politician aH « l friend , -of progressive reform should read them , to s ^ e where snohte&ders of die working-classes as Thomas Cw , p « areiight , a&di&cre Trrrog . "—Leicaterskin Jtfercui . ^ . Chapman , Brothers , 13 , Seagate-street . i . . f
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THE FCRGATORY OF SUICIDES . - A Prison Rhswe . In Ten Books . ( OneVoL , 7 s . « d . ) "" 'The most wonderinl ^ ffoittif in tellectual power proiucedTrtthin the last eeatory . " — The Bri ( an »« . ""fere we have a geauiae poem springisgout of the « jSritof the times , aad indeed out of the heart , and ex-*« tfence of one who has wrestled with and suffered in it . Itis no other than a poem , in ten books , by a Chartist , « nd who bcldly sets fats name and bis profession of < aartism on the title-page . It is plain that he glories is hispoliticalfaith more than in his poetry ; nay , his Terse but the vehicle of that faith . Yet , nevertheless , itis nigoreus and most efficient vehicle . We must cordially
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WISE SAWS AND MODERN INSTANCES . ( TwoTols , 15 s . ) H A series of Crahbe . like sketches , in prose . They are manifest portraits , and admonish us of the author ' s kill in taking the literal likeness . " -rAthtncmm . "We have read , some of these stories with deep in-Iwert , and few , we are persuaded , will rise from their perusal but with feelings all the warmer for what they krre read . They can scarcely fail to be popular with the masses ; ' and , upon the whole , we think they deserve tebeso . "—Atias . "Toe author excuses the sternness of his pictures by alleging their train . Tne justification ii all-sufficient . Chartist as these sketches are , they are healthier , in tone and sentiment , than the tawdry fictions Tamped up for the reading public by some popular writers , that profess to exhibit the life of the labouring classes . "— The MrHaama .
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Also , just published , THE BARON'S YULE FEAST . A Christmas Rhyme . In Four Cantos . ( One Vol ., 5 b . ) "There is a rough earnestness , both in its thoughts id Terse , which is strictlj in accordance with the genius * f our ballad minstrelsy . If it does not show , in point lability , an advance oa the author ' s previous productions , it yet shows that he eas . change bis hand without loss of power . "—TheSritamia . "Mr . Cooper appears to mueh greater advantage in this seasonable poem than be did in bis more ambitions aiempt of " The Purgatory of Suicides . " " The Baron ' s TuleFeaitf has a genial spirit , various subjects , and a popular animated style . The poem is the best of Sir . Cooper ' s productions . "—Spectator .
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. - - * OOLOSSF nu _ NOTIGE . -PRICE OE ADMISt , * xON DURING THE HOLIDAYS !! ay BxhibitioB ........ | h » a-, —^ **• KTeningDo . . h .. f ... A *••••• CbildrenunderTwelve « . Stalactite Caverns ls . « xtra . fl ^ HE DAY BXHIBITIOK coasists of the lluseam of X Sculpture , Grand Picture of Loadon , Alhambra Conservatories , Gorgeous Gathic Aviary , Classic Ruins , Swiss Cottage and Mont Blanc , with Mountain Torrent , JscJkc . Open from Ten till Pour o'Clock . EVENING . —The new and extraordinary Panorama of i LeNDoN by Nigkt , Museum of Sculpture , Conservatories , and Gorgeous Gothic Aviary , &e ., 'brilliantly illuminated ; . Swiss Cottage , Mont Blanc , and Vcwntain Torrent repre-. seated by Moonlight . Open from Seven till a . Quarterf past Tea o \!! ock .
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REDTJCTHfiJ OF PRICES . T 2 S Trials of the Fifty-nine CHARTISTS , published in Eight Parts , at Sevenpence each , now offered m complete sets , at One Sinlling per set . The same done up in cloth , with portrait , title , &c , Two Shillings per cogy . Portraits , which from time to time have been presented with the Northern Star , and latterly sold at One Shilling ¦ each , now offered at Threepence each : —Richard Oastler , Robert Emmett , John Frost , John Collins , P . M . Mc'Bouall , the Rev . J . R . Stephens . View of Momnouth Court House during the Trial of Frost , Williams , and Jones . The First Convention . letters of F . O'Connor , Esq ., to Daniel O'Connell , Esq . Published at One Shilling each , offered at Fourpence . Price Fourpence , The Employer and Employed . By F . O'Connor , Esq .
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Boiksellets in the country are requested to refer their London agent to apply for them to Mr . T . Watson , Paternoster-row ; or to Mr . J . Cleave , Shoe-lane , Fleet-street ; through whom they will be supplied . Abel Heywood , 58 , Oldham-street , Manchester .
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FARMING . Just published , a new Edition , neatly done up in cloth , price 2 s . 6 d , on rnHE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL FARMS . By F . JL O'Connob , Esq . Manchester : Abel Heywood , 58 . Oldham-street . Ion . don : J . Watson , St . Paul's-alley , Paternoster-row ; and J . Cleave , Shoe-lane . And may be had of all booksellers and agents throughout the country .
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EDUCATION . This day is published , demy 13 mo ., cloth , price Eighteenpence , THE NEW ETYMOLOGICAL EXPOSITOR , or Pronouncing Spelling Book ; containing a selection of Words commonly used by the best writers , with their pronunciation , derivation , &c . By William Hill . Much care and labour has been bestowed upon the above work , so as to make it the very best of its kind . Also , by the same Author , price Is ., the Rational School Grammar . Also , price Is ., the Companion to the Rational School Grammar . Abel Heywood , 58 , Oldham . street , Manchester ; London , J . Watson , Paternoster-row ; J . Cleave , Shoe-lane , Fleet-street ; and all booksellers .
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WAR WITH AMERICA . NOW PUBLISHING , in Penny numbers , or Sixpenny Farts , a complete HISTORY OF AMERICA , beautifully illustrated with Plates and Vignette Engravings , from the period of its discovery down to the present time , detailing the number of distinct communities therein , the different views which actuated its founders , and the extent of territory over which it spreads , by J . Frost , A . M . The style in which this history is written is pleasant , graphic , and perspicuous : the author has evidently quoted the best authorities ; and his narrative possesses all theUiarmsTof aromance , while itrecords truthsbeyond all suspicion . ' We cordially approve of the work , and wish it the success which it so eminently deserves . — WeMj Pispatch . Tht embellishments consist of engravings , illustrating the n \ 3 tt important and striking events in American annals . They are at once numerous and striking . — Morning Advertiser .
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ONE HUJSDRED ORIGINAL TALES FOR CHILDREN . A CLASS-BOOK TO TEACH THE ART OF READii . ING in less time and with greater ease than the usual methods , and to cultivate at an earlier period the Imaginative and Reasoning Faculties of Youth . To which are prefixed , Remarks oa the Treatment , Training , and Capacities of Learners . Illustrated with Wood Engravings . By JOSEPH HINE . "I have written this book for Children . " London : Souter and Law , School Library , 131 , Fleetstreet . Price . Four Shillings bound .
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COALS . PROVIDE FOR WINTER . PROVIDENT FAMILIES , subscribing Is . per week to the Metropolitan Coal Company ' s Shilling Club , can btainfour half tons annually , without further charge , fines , < fcc . The Company ' s price current is , Best Screened Walls-« id , 25 s . per full ton ; Seconds , 21 s ., 22 s ., and 23 s ; Coke , U « . 6 d . Ofice , 279 , Hith Holborn .
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TO TAILORS . How ready , THE LONDON and PARIS SPRING and SUMMER FASHIONS , for 1846 . By approbation of her Majesty Queen Victoria , and big Royal Highness Prince Albert , a splendidly coloured print , beautifully executed , published by BENJAMIN READ and Co ., 12 , Hartetreet , Bloomsbnry-square , London ; and G . Berger , Holywell-street , Strand , London . Sold by the publishers and all booksellers , wheresoever residing . This superb Print will be accompanied with full size Riding Dress and Frock Coat patterns , a complete pattern of the new fashionable Osborn Habit , as worn by the Queen and ladies , of the first style of elegance ; also , the newest Tunic pattern—the manner « f cutting and making them up fully illustrated . Five extra plates , including two with full explanation for cutting the new fashionable oval bottom Trousers , with right and left sides . They can be correctly performed in the most simple manner , by reference to the plates 1 and 2 , with their elucidation , and so for the other plates , 3 , 4 , and 5 . Price , the whole , 10 s ., or post free to any part of England , Ireland , Scotland , and Wales , Us .
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BOND'S PERMANENT MARKING INK . THE ORIGINAL , WITHOUT PREPARATION . For writing Initials , Names , or Ciphers , upon Linen , & » for the purpose of Identity . T HIS Composition writes every requisite , amd is admitted to b « the only article similarly used , the mark of which does not run in the waih , and which has given satisfaction to every purchaser , it being universall y preferred for its fixity and neatnesB of impression . Prepared by the Inventor , John Bond , ckemist , 28 , Long . lane , WestSmithfield , and soli by most stationers , &c . ' Priot Is . per bottle .
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DAGURREOTYPE AND CALOTYPE . THE APPARATUS , LENS , CHEMICALS , PLATES , CASES , and . every other article ubhI in making and mounting the above can be had of J . Egerton , No 1 , Temple-street , Whitefriarg , London . Descri ptive Catalogues gratis . LEREBOURS * celebrated ACHROMATIC TRIPLET LENSES for the MICROSCOPE , sent to any part of the country at the following prices : —Deep Power , COs . ; Low \ Power 2 it , Every article warranted .
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i t i »¦¦ —~— M j —»^— ^ rTi i ii —*¦ I T | - ^^ -.. T ^ BU— — , ¦ -I ESTATES TO BE SOLD . We h » vs figain to express our hearty thanks to th » several leoretarui and friends who have transmitttd advertisemeats of estates to be s « ld , and to ask a continuance of those favours . Tho next purchase must be in Lancashire or Cheshire ; and on Friday next Mr . O'Connoe purposes starting upon a tour of inspection . We beg for a continuance of those favours ,
The Northern Star. Saturday, March 28,18«.
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , MARCH 28 , 18 « .
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IRELAND . We have laboured zealously and incessantly to bring the real state of Ireland home to the under * standing of Englishmen . We have not only appealed to their sense of justice , bit we have appealed to their interest . We have shown that every twenty shillings paid in thelabour market to the expatriated Irishman , whoae labour , under a proper government , would be required at home , causes by competition the abstraction of thirty shillings and more from the English labour market . We confidently affirm , that if Ireland was properly governed , and that if the invitation of simple justice was held out to Irish labourers , now competitors in the English market , that not a single Irishman would remain in this
country—that is , with the exception of those who from intermarriage or business are tied to thecoun . try by connexion or association . And , now that the Saxon rulers of Ireland have threatened to compel the Irish people to violate all the forma of hospitality—the brightest characteristic of the nation—by making it a transportable offence to give a night ' s lodging to a stranger ; . now . that the Peers of England and the Commons of England have pro * claimed war against Ireland b y the enactment of another foal Coercion BUI—for to say and to commit acts of cruelty towards Ireland are one and the same thing—it is time that the English mind should be calmly instructed as to the several causes which lead to the perpetration of crime in Ireland .
Whenever the people of Ireland demand the most simple act of justice , they are met with coercion as the necessary preliminary towards the administration of justice—the manifestation of a more kindly feeling , and as the only means of inducing English capitalists to speculate in Irish labour and Irish traffic . Coercion is ever passed at railway speed , but the promised justice has never yet found its way to the land . For now full five-and-forty years has the country laboured under all the horrors of a political union , and during that long period we have had commission npon commission , committee after committee , reports that the youngest man could not read
in the longest life : each specific grievance has been described , and familiarly exposed , until , at length , the whole category of complaint is brought under the . knowledge of the government in the report of Lord Devon ' s commission , upon which the Minister was pledged to act . Thatreport has been long enough in existence to have ensured the correction of at least some of the crying grievances therein described ; but up to this hour , with the exception of a Ministerial "feint" made by Lord Stanlet in the Lords , there has not been the slightest attempt to correct the brutality and depravity of the landlord class , the plunder and ferocity of the middlemen , or the cruelty and robbery of land and law-agents .
_ The charge oi every judge to the several grand juries of the several counties , for long before and long subsequent to the Devon inquiry , all went to confirm the existence of the sought-for tranquillity the tranquillity which alone was necessary to ensure the correction of the manifold abuses complained of ; a tranquillity which was only broken by the despondency created by Ministerial indifference to the horrors under which the report showed the Irish people laboured . Can it be longer said that the government is now in ignorance of the cause of Irish crime
or will the most puling metaphysician dare to tell us that a people who assert justice that the law denies , with a full knowledge of the cause of crime , possessed by the Minister , are more culpable than those who perpetuate the cause , while they take savage vengeance upon a people whom they have thus insulted by seeking an exposure of their condition , to the end that they may remove complaint , and then give them coercion as a means of producing another sea . son of tranquillity , that we may have another crop of tender promises and violated pledges ?
The grievances of Ireland have been represented to be want of tenure , dear law , the facility with which a landlord of straw can break a tenant of steel , the little inducement offered for the expenditure of capital upoa the erection of farm buildings or the improvement of the soil , absenteeism , and the inevitable consequence of substituting a tyrant irresponsible agent for the responsible owner , who has duties to perform as well as rights to exercise . These
have been enumerated as the principal grievances of Ireland , and their existence has been long known to the English cabinet . Why , then , is it that there has not been even an advance in the road to correction ? It is because the Irish people are neither represented in their own press , in the pressof England , nor in the House of Commons . However , it is worth the trouble of recapitulation again to enumerate the several remedies that we have proposed for the pacification and satisfaction of the Irish people .
We have proposed , both in and out of the House of Commons , that the Irish landlords should be compelled to give their tenants leases for ever at a corn rent ; by which arrangement the landlord would invariably receive the annual value of the land estimated by the annual produce , which is the only fair mode of calculation . A system which would at once develope all the resources of the country , call forth its latent capital , and call its labour into action at an
increased value . A system that would do away with the complication of tenant rights , compensation , and all the follies of what is called fixity of tenure . And in all cases where land is now too dear , to estimate its value by the finding of a respectable jury of farmers , according to the principle adopted when government or corporations require land or houses to be pulled down or surrendered for streets , railways , poor-housfls , or other public works .
To take away the power of distress , and to allow the landlord to recover the value ef his land , by the Bame process of law that a shopkeeper or any other tradesman is now compelled to recover his debts by action at law . What can be more ridiculous than the idea that the landlord , at twelve o ' clock on the 25 th of March , or 29 th of September , is empowered by law to enter and distrain for the half-year ' s rent but just due . Moreover , it is a notorious fact , that an extensive Whig landlord in the West of Ireland enables his cottier tenants to pay their rents by putting them as keepers , at a shilling a day and a shilling a night , upon the larger farmers
To f ppoint assistant barristers of known character and integrity to preside at quarter sessions-not Orange Protestants selected for their politics , or bad Catholics chosen for their subserviency , but men in whom all classes will have faith and trust , and to give them an equitable as well as a legal jurisdiction , from which there shall be no appeal in all cases between landlords and tenants . To abolish tithes . To allow the people of Ireland to elect their own magistrates , as the people of Scot ' land now do . To levy a graduated tax , commencing heavily upon absentees , and becoming less till it devolves lightly upon the occupying farmer himself , as a fund for national agricultural and labour
premiums . To borrow ten millions of money upon Exchequer bills at two per cent ., and lend it out upon proper securiiy to the Irish farmers for improvements at six per cent ., which , after deducting a hundred thousand a year for the necessary expenses , would leave a profit of three hundred thousand per annum to be expended on public works in Ireland . To consolidate the several Stamp Acts inflicting fines upon landlords , who failed to give stamped receipts for all sums received from their tenants ; or this provision might be dispensed with , if an equitable jurisdiction wa g given to the Court of Quarter
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Sessions , where an unstampted document would bo equally valid as " a stamped document in a court of law . / ^ . ii To impose a tax of at least two per cent , on all landlords who manage their estates by agents , and to prohibit the employment of attorneys in such service . To establish in each county a court of registration and deposit , where , in case of dispute between landlord and tenant , the tenant may lodge his rent , receiving a supersedeas from the officer to Btay proceedings , until the ease was heard before the assistant barrister . ' ,. '
To destroy the vexatious , whimsical , and expensive law of Replevin , which merely multip lies costs for the sheriff , and protracts proceedings , until the poor litigant is destroyed by delay . Now , if we leave out the abolition ef tithes , will any man tell us that we have proposed one single change that it is not in the power of government to effect ? And , upon the other hand , will any one assert that a single alteration that we have proposed would be an act of injustice , or even harshness , to the landlord who sought no more than a fair remuneration fairly rendered ior his land ? Or will
any one venture to assert , that under such an altered state of things , one single agrarian outrage would be annually committed in Ireland ? Or , upon the other hand , shall we be told that coercion is indispensable , to afford a fair trial to any measure calculated to heal the wounds of Ireland ? On the contrary , coercion is always the proof of terror , and what is conceded to terror is ever followed up by the increase of outrago . If the English reader will carefully peruse the page of Irish history , he will find that every savage act committed in Ireland is a consequence of landlord tyranny , the law ' s oppression , or deferred justice , And although riots have arisen out of distraining conflicts , yet we defy proof that any landlord , who has done no more than attempt to exact the full
amount , covenanted to be paid m the lease , has been injured or molested . It is only when the landlord violates his contract by ousting his tenant , who has paid up his rent in the hope of letting his farm for a larger sum , and thus making profit of bis labour and capital , that violence is offered to his person . But now that Ireland is about to be coerced , the red box is to be crammed with Irish atrocities ; and mere faction fights at fairs , where death ensues , which was not long Bince the rule , but is now the exception , are set down in the catalogue of Irish murders . And the Times , true to its savage calling , and bitter at the failure of its squabbling commiesioner , is endeavouring to ho und on Englsk malignity against Irish crime .
We have no sympathy for the patriots who make merchandise of Ireland ' s every sorrow but we have sympathy for the Irish people , who misplace their confidence , and are dupes to their own fervid imagination . While we now write , our mind is turn « d to the sad horrors bBing this moment committed in unhappy Ireland , and we oall attention to the scenes that are now being enacted , to the grievances that we are about to depict , and to remedy which , after fortyfive years of union , and after Lord Davos ' a report , Coercion is the government remedy .
This is an awful day for Ireland . This is the 25 th of March , and called Lady-day—one of the days upon which " TYRANT LANDLORDS TURN TENANTS OUT . " No pen can describe , no artist can truly illustrate the appearance of Ireland upon Lady-day and upon the 29 th of September . Many and many a thousand labourers are at this moment walking over the threshold of the miserable mud hovel , which they themselves have erected , and of which they have contrived to pay the rent punctually , but from which they are now being ousted , in order that the " tyrant landlord , " middleman , or
farmer may receive some few shillings more from some needy interloper . There is but little difference between the worst middleman and the worst farmer as regards the treatment of tenants and labourersthe poor labourer is the one solitary unprotected individual , who is bandied about the world at the whim or the caprice of both . And here is the picture of Ireland at this moment . The miserable cart with a miserable starved horse stands trembling at the door , while the peasant , his weeping wife , and the oldest
of his children are dragging out the three-legged pot , the crepeenB ( three-legged stools ) , the spinning wheel , the dresser , the sop of straw , and a few black sticks dinged with smoke , and perchance a frame of an old bedstead and a family deal chest , while the younger children stand shivering around the doer , and the following dialogue takes place : " Wisha , mammy , what are you pulling out the thing * for ? Let us in , we ' re cowld . " " Howld your tongue , asthore , don't you see you can't go in , we ' re all going to 'flit . '" " Wisha , then , mammy , where are we
going to ? '" "Augh you , my jewel , God i « good , and he only knows . I suppose your daddy will make some shelter by the ditch side with the dresser and the ould chest . " Well , the firs is put out , tho dog is ejected , the cat is in the arms of some of the " grawls ; " as the ceremony of ejectment requires that no living thing belonging to the old occupants should be in the house , and that every spark of fir * should be put out . This ceremony being over , the beastly agent walks in , takes the possession , gives it to his "TRUSTY , " who remains inside until the miserable fragments are placed upon the cart , with the younger children
and cat on the sop of straw that served the night before for a bed , the mother , pwhaps , carrying the yo . ngest in her arms ; and , thus arranged , the mounful cavalcade leaves , the miserable hut that the father had built , and that promised them shelter for life , the poor peasant leading the horse , and all moving in the saddest melancholy . The mother sobbing , the father brooding , the children howling , and the neighbours all standing at their doow , joining in the cry of sorrow . They go on till some shflltered ipot prssfints a chance habitation for the night , and
there , if not routed by the ACTIVITY of the police , they spend their first night of misery ; for all , in comparison , was cheering , joyous , and comfortable . If the misarable peasant is allowed to sojourn in this miserable spot until his wife and children are seized with fever , or struck down from grief , should chance to meet their tyrant murderer , and not take off his hat , he is branded as a disaffected White Boy , and hunted , till , in the proud spirit of manly vengeance , he secures for himself that justice which tho oppressor ' s law denied him . In mercy to the fe « lings of our readers , we close tke picture here .
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' THE TEN HOURS' BILL . Ik our article of last week upon the Ten Hours ' Bill , we expressed to some of the friends of the measure our suspicion that it would be again shelved , and our intention to apprise the country of the fact , but were dissuaded by the assurance that such course might do injury to the cause . Thai we were correct , however , subsequent eventshave iwied . Of course , we attach no blame whatever to Mr . Fieldem , whose health , we are aware , has been so . indifferent of late as to make it impossible for him to undertake the lahours of so arduous a task . We conscientiousl y believe that no working-man feels more anxious upen the subject than Mr . Redden , and no one can , we beheve . be possessed of more zeal upon the subjeot than he is .
Our remarks , therefore , must be taken asaltogetherapartfromMr . FiELDEN ' scompulsory postponement of the motion . The subject is one , however upon which we feel such irrepressible emotions , that no tenderness toiadividualsorparties can orshallpreventusfromthe rational and manly diichargeofour duty . We stato with sorrow then , that , irrespective of the real cause of the postponement of the question , Lord Ashley , has been the man who has cast a blight
upon the subject . He has coquetted with the Short Time Committee , and the Short Time Committee have allowed themselves to be made mere machines a Ins hands . They are not working men , and , therefore , cannot possibly have that lively interest In the success of the measure that is entertained by the slaves for whose relief it is intended . Resolved , therefore , that the conduct of the measure shall pass into the hands of tho se not likely to be influenced bv GOVERNMENT CONVENIENCEor PERSONAL
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MOTIVES , we will not , in the language of Lord Ashlet , "BY GOD'S BLESSING , " longer tolerate party coquetry upon a great nation ^ gilbject . Th « Short Time Committee inttst either aeekthe iMMEntiiS struggle , or they must give way to , and be replaced by , such men as Jaubi LuAcn , Daniel Donovan , and others , who work for their bread , and will have a fellow feeling for those who do likewise . We must have a Short Time Central Committee of Working Men adults , a Short Time Central Committee of working youths , and a District Committee of adults , youths , and female operatives , in every district throughout the kingdom . The people shall not longer be gulled by lordly influence or political trickery—the government's weakness is their oppor-____ .. _ .. •' . _ _ .
tunity ; and not even to please him , will we be parties to relieving them from their embarrassment , or assisting him in his game of " cuock-penny . " If the Short Time Csmmittee were sincere and in earnest , Richabd Oastlkr would now be in the House oi Commons , and , in spite of implorings or opposition , would stop the business of the nation , which means the money-mongers , until the business of the English children was first performed . This cause required as its leader the head that has thought , the heart that has humanity , the mind that has power , the tongue that has flippancy , and the arm that has nerve . And if we are obliged to stand alone with the working class party , we will buckle the armour of strife upon the children ' s champion , and place him in the arena of dispute to fight their battles .
We are duguited with the paltry trafficking in inlant blood , and wo care not whose tender feelings or lordly prejudices we offend . We tell the people that they are sold to miniiterial convenience , and if they want to be released from the house of bondage , they must do their own work . Oasilks understands this question better than any other man living , and the people understand him , love him , confide in him , and will obey bis word of command . This is a question second to none in importance , and we only hail the policy of Peel for the chance aid it premised ; and shall we then , lose the opportunity that factious embarrassment has afforded , and shall we now retreat , when victory should be within our reach ? Nev » r ! Our cry must be—ONWARD , AND WE CONQUER ! BACKWARD , AND WE FALL .
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government a fair rent for * he privilege of doing so . On the first night appointed for th » consideration of bis motion in the Cons ™""; " no bouse" was . made at four o ' clock ; another significant intimation ofJKe difficulty experienced by the go . vernraent . On a second night ( Thursday , 19 th ) , his proposition for a committee to consider the subject was acceded to , and he himself highly compli * mented by the Premier . Whether this course im-.. i im m . . . I /• . " r n a w—T I *>
plies an intention of following the policy indicated bj the member for Inverness , or was a mere adroit eva * sion of an important question , while another was under discussion , need not now be mooted . This much is certain , that the matter haB grown into one of para * mount interest , and will , in spite of the " canna be fashed" inertness of officials , and the opposition of interested companies , demand a settlement at no dig * tant date .
The large amount of time occupied m committees and in the house ; the confessedly imperfect and con . tradictory manner in which the work is done ; and the vast advantages which might accrue to the nation from proper management of these new sources of wealth and convenient , all conspire to make this one of the loading questions of the day . Years ago , when a correct system could have been easily adopted—when little would have had to be un > done—we recommended that railways should be made national property , and worked for the nationaj benefit . We looked forward to the time when they would become national highways , free to all , and
when the same principle whick Rowland Hill has applied to postage , should also be applied to per « sons . At an old book-stall the other day we stumbled on a number of the Quarterly Review dated 1839 , in which a writer ridiculed the notion of conveying a letter to Edinburgh for the same price as to Barnet , as being the most preposterous , absurd , and In * sane that could possibly be entertained . Yet this has been done . It is now a fact incorporated into the system of daily occurrences , which excites no other wonder than that they should have been so long in being adopted . Is ) it too presumptuous to look somewhere about 1854 for a similar result in tho
other case ? The decorous and steady pace of the elderly gen , tlemen in the House of Lords is likely to be consider , ably accelerated by the presence of Earl Grei ( Howick ) and Lord Starlet this session . They are both fresh from the more active and stirring cham ^ ber—both eager to distinguish themselves , and un willing to let their armour rust for want of use . Th « erratic and mobile ex-Chancellor , who has so long been the sole interrupter of the measured , stately , and slow movements of their lordships , will kave somewhat of a struggle to maintain his ascendancy
in the face of his youthful competitors . Earl Gre y gave their lordships a fillip on Monday night by the delivery of an essay on the state of Ireland , which was succeeded by a debate lasting till twelve o ' clock , and a division , in which the principle of letting things alone was affirmed by a majority of -nearly four ts one . Of course , upon a subject like Ireland , little of novelty could be expected , nor do we think that Earl Grei exhibited that depth and boldness which have marked some
other of his speeches . According to him the crowning , grievance of Ireland is the Established Church . He devoted the greater part of his oration to the exposition of the evils arising from this source . Perhaps lordly legislators are incapacitated by their position and training from perceiving the real root of the evil . Bad as tke existence of such a church as the Anglican Establishment in Ireland may be , and wo admit that it is an enormous evil , there are deeperseated and worse diseases than that to be eradicated
before Ireland can enjoy health or prosperity . It is in Ireland , as everywhere else , a question of rich and poor—of the mode of holding property—of the distribution of wealth—and , if you moot it deeply at last , a question of separate possessions , or private pro ' perty , especially in the land , which , by the Sedan of the law , belongs to the Crown for the benefit of the whole people , and which ought to be no fiction , but a reality .
The debate on the second reading of the Cora Bill has mainly occupied the Commons during tho week up to the time at which we write , and is ex ., pected to close at latest on Friday night . The Protectionists boldly moved that " the bill be read thus day six months ; " and thereupon ensued a debate ojthe ordinary stamp . The same dreary wilderness of fallacy and half-truth has been traversed by both parties , without disclosing & single new flower or plant worth the culling . Everybody is tired of the eternal iteration of tho stereotyped topics and phrases on both sides , which have filled the columns of the
papere for the last two months . Toujours perdris- » one sickens even of partridges when served every day—what , then , of this everlasting drivel ? People who read the debates , at a distance , may imagine to themselves an august assembly of the senators oi the nation . They should witness the reality . A thin sprinkliRg of members garnishing the almost empty benches , and some prosy orator speaking to a dozing or inattentive auditory . Several times liavo we counted Jess than thirty members in the house ; , but it is understood that it is to last a certain time
and , therefore , like a wounded snake , it is suffered to drag its slow length along . Even the reporters throw down their pencils in disgust at the idea of repeating the thousand times told tale ; and the morning prints convey but a meagre idea of the enormous quantity of nonsense spouted nightly , until " the sma' hours , " and the fear of Joseph Brotherton , close the dull farce . By the way , we wish that unpaid functionary of the house would resume hiB ancient activity . There is more need than ever for his putting the naughty boys to bed early .
On another important topic , the postponement of the Ten Hours' Bill , we refer our readers to another column .
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The Laud Society iv Detohshibb We have much pleasure in giving publicity to the following letter : — " Respected Sir , —If , by thus addressing you , I impose unn « cesBary trouble on you , I hope you will be pleased , to pardon me when I give you to understand , that ever since I first became acquainted ( through that medium of valuable information to the labouring classes , the Korthern Star ) with the establishment of the - Chartist Co-operative Land Society . I have at all tinus felt a strong desire to become a member , which I should Jiave aono ere now , could I have commanded a sufficient
amount of money for the purpose , which , until now , I have not been able to procure ; butliow , sir , I am most happy to inform you I have secured a sufficient sum to pay at once the full amount of two shares , which I understand to be £ 5 4 s . id . ; and , if , ou will be so kind as to answer this , informing me how I snail g « nd it toyou , I will do so at once . If I am to send it by Post , office order , please tell me at what Post-office you wish to have it made payable in London . If by bask order please say at what bank in London I shall place it to your credit , as I wish to give you no unnecessary trouble . I have adopted this line of procedure because there is , as yet , no members of the society living within twenty-four miles of this place ; but I have every reason to hope , and I confidently believe , that this step of mine will be the first step towards the formation of a brauch of the society in this town and neighbourhood , as I have conversed with many persons on the subject , Tfho iay they would like to join it , but us I am of opinion that confidence must be first established in the doubtful
mind , I therefore adopt this step , and thereby make myself the pioneer iu this good work , so far as thi& place is concerned , not in tho least doubting a good number will soon follow ms . Perhaps it may be advisable for you to supply me with a few copies of tho rules , and also a few cards of membership of the Chartist Political Association , together with such othtr papers as you may deem necessary to the formation of a branch of tho Chartist Co-operative Land Society ; but , sir ,, this I of course leave to your superior judgment ; and , in conclusion , I sincerely join with the thousands of my poor fellow countrymen in blessing the h'ead and heart of him who has devised a plan for our toc'ial and political redemption , and remain , respected sir , j > iurB obediently , Wilium M . Tannib , bootmaker , Fore . 8 i « rt '—Tomes , Devon , March 16 th . 1846 . "
Mb . Henry Huo tiho , Department Du Card , Btisengcs , France . Y ^ nave t uan subscribers in France , nlio uniformly ren ^ through a London banker , lie mi ght do the same o . * n liIce manncr as ne nal remitted to the Veteran Futri . > ani Exiles' Widows and Children ' s Fund . J . H . OGG , Ha-wick . —Wt' ** " ' ° w whath « s become < # Samuel Kydd , late of » . ^ la * gOW ,
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . NoiniNo can better illustrate the rule-of-thumb system of legislation prevalent upon most important subjects , than the treatment of railways . Similar ignorance of first principles , and want of foresight as to the probable tendencies and expansion of new aocietarian influences , are by no means scarce but the recent birth and development of this aew element of our social state enables us to trace closely and consecutively , not only the course of this incoherent and contradictory policy , but to see at a glance its pernicious effects upon the nation .
When Thomas Grey , of Leeds , some twenty years ago , published his plan of "Steam Land Carriage , " accompanied by maps , estimates , and details , exhibiting a bold and statesmanlike grasp of the whole subject , and a mastery of the principles upon which sui ; h lines of communication should be constructed , which has not since been equalled , no one listened to him . in vain did he set forth the immense , immediate , and prospective advantages which would flow from a systematic construction of these new roads , not only by one nation , but by Europe . He petitioned Parliament , memorialised the merchants , bankers , and manufacturers of our great cities , urging the importance of his invention by every , possible argument he could think of . But these " practical" men turned a deaf ear to the dreamer . It was left to the
Manchester and Liverpool Company to illustratethough most defectively , because on a small scaletke advantages and facilities of tho new mode ef locomotion ; and gradually the question assumed that important position which the growth of civilisation , and the multiplication at once of commodities , wants , and wealth naturally assigns to it . George IIubbon , the draper of York , became a millionaire and a railway king , with a dominion extending from the Atlantic Ocean to the German Sea—from Bristol , at one end of the island , to Berwick , at the other . TiioMis Gbat , of Leeds , sunk into poverty , and hawks glass , as a commission agent , at Exeter 1 The
different fortunes of the original genius , who devised , and patiently , at great cost of time and money , worked out the details of a European net-work of railways , and of the mere lucky speculator , who , without an ounce of inventive talent , grew rich , and is to be presented with £ 20 , 000 , by the worshippers of riches because he did so , is no inapt individual type of the treatment of the subject generally . Everything goes by rule of thumb . It is a mere selfish scramble , in which the motto of all is" devil take the hindmost ; " and as to general results , these ' may be useful , profitable , or otherwise , just as it happens—1 luck ' s all . "
The mischief of this course has at last become apparent to men of all ranks of life . The enormous and unnecessary coat of obtaining an act for the construction of a line , begins to be seen in the true light of a tax upon the community , for the benefit of landlords who have to be bribed into acquiescence , and of tho hoit of witnesses , counsel , solicitors , and surveyors engaged in railway contests before committees . Then , ' again , the constitution of these
committees , and the manner in which the business comes before them , precludes anything like a chance of consistent decisions . All is haphazard ; and after a long sessional campaign , the only thing certain is , that some hundred railways are in possession of the firid , of which , perhaps , one-half will never be made ; another hundred dead , of which many were probably much needed ; and that barristers , solicitors , and surveyors have absorbed hundreds of thousands before * spade has been put in the earth on a single line .
The companies to whom acts are granted become , to a considerable extent , the masters of the public . It has been urged that Belf-interest , and the dread of competition , willalways prevent abuse of their power ; but this is but slender protection . Let the system of amalgamation proceed , as it will naturally do , from a perception that centralisation produces more systematic and economical results , and in a few years the country will be at the mercy of a few wealths companiei , who will have monopolist the then onlj means of conveyance for persons , book * , or letters , and who , enjoying a revenue equal to that of the government , will be able to defy it .
The Premier seems to be aware of the errors committed by our past mode of dealing with this important matter , and , at the commencement of the session , announced the necessity of deciding upon some general principles for the guidance of railway legislation in future . It is true , that with his usual caution , or owing to a constitutional defect , which renders him unable to see a whole question at once , he confined his observations to what we consider but minor points , and such as were most pressing . But the committee , which was appointed in consequence of that speech , and from which such great things
were expected , has evidently been overpowered by the magnitude of the subject . Instead of grappling with general principles , or looking at the present and prospective condition of the whole question , with a view to its permanent settlement on such a basis as would secure to the nation all the advantages desirable from this source , they have set themselves to assort the crude schemes of railway projectors < oto bundles , for the consideration of other committee ? in detail . This , red tape , and grouping from A to Z , could easily have been done by any of the clerks in the Board of Trade , and there was no necessity to appoint a select committee for such a purpose .
It was plain tho matter was dropped , so far a 8 the government was concerned , and Mr . Mork . son , the well known city merchant , took it up . He had pre r fl dvJ ^ apampllleUn the 8 ul » ect ' » W * he advocated the necessity of adopting the continen-S hT *? *? ktting the lines t 0 comPanics * ° would work them on terminable leases , and pay to
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4 THE NORTHERN S TA ^ , March 28 , 1846 ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ¦ ¦ " ^^^^^^—i ^ i ^ F ^^^^^^^^^^^^ —• * ¦ — ¦ i t i »¦¦ —~— M j —»^— rTi i ii —*¦ - ' ¦ ¦ > I T | - ^^ -.. T ^ BU— — ¦ -I
Thomas Cooper * The Chartist's Wobs5.
THOMAS COOPER * THE CHARTIST ' S WOBS 5 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 28, 1846, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1360/page/4/
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