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Cfiartist Inttttimtt . *JIJ. .--.Ll . J .¦„_„„, ^^^
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TO TflErMEMBSRS-OF-THE:-CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND ASSOCIATION.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Mt Frien ds , —I have told you in the outset , that the snccess of our plan mainly depends upon Official inte grity and popular confidence ; and that it is liable to much damage by the unnecessary publication of our Yiaws , our intention s , ana prospects ; the more especially upon the subject which seems most to interest parties who have nothing whatever to do with our association—I mean the purchase of estates . I have lost one estate already by allowing
myself to be dragged into the foolish announcement of my intention to purchase . However , I am always prepared to make great allowances for 'working men who have been so often deceived , and who can scarcely be brought to believe in the just expenditure of their funds ; and , therefore , lest my last letter should have led to anticipations which my present may not realise , having fallen into the error of making the announcement , I shall now put you in possession of the secret . I proceeded to "Worcester < m . Friday , where I bid £ 10 , 000 for 173 acre 3 of the primest land in England- I requested two friendshoih shareholders , and , I believe , secretaries at
KwMenninst « r- — - "to meet me , and hid according to my directions . I bid £ 10 , 000 for the place as it is , upon condition that I should have immediate possession , together with stock , crop , fixtures , timber , tenant rights , and all tfeose appendages which are so highly valued . I was the highest bidder , but there was a reserved bid , which I did not think myself justified in offering , and I remained at "Worcester till half-past nine o ' clock at night in treaty with the parties concerned , witli the understanding that , after a family consultation , 1 was to receive a definitive answer—that answer , however , I have not received , bat I fully anticipate a favourable one . I am also in treat ; for another estate of 126 acres , and I am going this . ( Wednesday ) evening at five o ' clock , to Devonshire ,
TO purchase an ' estate of 121 acres to-morrow , within 8 miles of Exeter . Whatever estate I purchase I willtake care to get immediate possession of , ana I still hold to my word , that those who have balloted for it will be located in the spring , as no time shall be lost in proceeding with the work . Now , I have thonght it necessary to be thus minute upon the present occasion , but never again expect to hear one word about the purchase of an estate until yon are told that it is yours , and never again g ive ear to the jealous boobies who know no more aTjout land than they do about navigation , for I naw tell yon , after some exper ience , that no possible obstacle can stand in the way of thejull and complete realization of the expectations held out in our coles .
I know that when men affect a great interest about anything , that it is naturally set down to the account of selfishness and self-interest ; but , believe me . when I tell too , that the only benefit that I derive from the plan , is excessive toil , heavy expence , inconceivable responsibility , an abundant share of abuse , and the total neglect of my own concerns for a greater care of yours . How , that ' s my full share of the Land Plan . "Wednesday evening and all Thursday are the two important days for my presence in London , to perform the varied duties consequent upon Editorship ; and , for no common purpose of my own would I surrender those two
days in any week for J 620 , and yet I cheerfully give them up to yonr service . It has usually been my practice to leave London on Thursday night , after two hard days' labour , in search of Land for labour to rest upon ; hut my own convenience has never been an object when your interest was at stake . My time being very much limited this week , and as some sharp-sighted gentlemen have discovered Irish relief in the draining of hogs and mountains , I do nut think that I can better devote the space usually
assigned to my letter , than to the re-publishing a portion ofmr fifth letter to the Irish landlords npon the subject of reclaiming waste lands , and from this nostrum you will learn that it presents no field for the exercise or remuneration of free labour ; but is merely the field for the exercise of speculating capital . And always bear in mind , that my object is to pat the labourer in possession of every particle of the produce of Ms own industry . I remain , Your faithful friend and bailiff .
Feakous O Cosxob . The following is a portion of Mr . O'Connor ' s fifth letter to the Irish Landlords , written in July ,
1841 : — Mj Lords and Gentlemen . — I now return to mj client ' * case ; and having so far disposed of tome of theabtuei of both patties , I shall proceed to commtnt upon a fallacy or two of good hearted theorists , -nhowould corral the whole of the evils of both syttemibj reclaiming oar watte lands and ju « t observe how plainly I deal with thii subject , and alto mark bow difficult it is to deal with perrerse and obstinate men , who , while they profess to agree npon an object , render its attainmentimpracti « able , bj the whimsicality of their means foriu accomplishment . I entirely agree as to the propritty , the
prui ' rii c * , and the necessity of bringing all waste lands into cultivation , every inch of them , it is the lean beast , and man ' s labour alone can make it fat . But then , waste land is not the field wherein the labourer can ac , quire the full amount of his labour ; it is not the market fur establishing a just standard . Labour expended upon waste laud as to labour expended upon improved land , is jutt what tbe labour of a band-loom weaver is as com * pared with artificial labour . In the one case the man u hired according to the market price set npon his lahour i > y the capitalist ; and in the other he works for himself ; and his industry establishes the standard of his and of other labourer ' s value .
Capitalists alone can reclaim land by hired labour , &ad that labour Kill be hired at as low a price as possible , if its value is not somehow tstablisfaed in a free and open market . The poor man , with only his health , his strength , and his industry , could not reclaim a cold Kwan . p that required expensive draining ; a mountainous heath that required fencing aniheaty manuring ; or scrub and stiff soil that required much labour and manure in the commencement . Thatis the field wherein the capitalist can insure a good interest for money laid out in reclaiming ; bnt it is not one in which the poor man could fiud any market for his labour without a money capital ; of whiehnwiney capital and the mean * of iudicieuslv supplying it more hereafter .
I unhesitatingly assert , as I before stated in a letter which I addressed to the anti-Repeal landlords of Irel and in 1332 , that rent , ( 1 care not , whatthe amount if t all in reason ) while labour is free , is bnt an item , al nd « tn inconsiderable one , iu the labourer ' s account . « I therein showed that land goes through sereral processes before yitlding anj crop ; and that each and Terv one of those proceises inrolves an expence greater n amount than the rent ; and the Beglect of the proper P rfurmance of any one of them , would make the lowest re ntof the best land high , because the loss of all is in-T olred in this single neglect .
1 hare been a Terj eitensire fanner , and a Tery extensive employer . My skill in farming has been genara ' . lj acknowledged ; and 1 hare no hesitation in saying that I would rather give J& 5 lOs . per acre for ten acres of land -north only £ 5 , than give 15 s . per acre for land worth a . pound ; provided that the scale of the rupeetire value of cash was justly established by some correct standard . And why ? Because , after payment of rent , I should have three times as much for mv labour npon
the good ground ; and this again proves the value of labour over raw material . Give agood workman without capital , ten acies of bad land at 10 s . per acre ; he will work away at it , and will do much more than live , and paj his rent , at first ; but he will certainly , if it is hit oirn at a corn rent , by dtgreei improve it , and make it a savings' bank fur his labour deposits . However , when j start at a ten shillings rent , 1 start from the very lowest at which man can work , pay his way , and live without capital .
Mj Lords and Gentlemen , I have son shown you and . I think , plainly , that the reclaiming system , while it Trouia certainly increase our producing powers , and pay the capitalist a good per centage , would not , however , be the proper field fur ascertaining the real value of a working farmer ' s lubour ; and as that is mj object , and in or . iir that a difference as to meaas should not lead to a split upon the principle , let us see , if , by agreement upon proptr details , we may nut even yet agree upon this it-claiming system . In the consideration of this sub ject , I ojitn a great national question well worthy the attention of statesmen who would yet reclaim their country and make her what she ought to be .
This term " reclaiming , " of course , applies to the practice of bringing barren and heretofore uncultivated soil into cultivation , and the process requires capital . Tho qneuionis , how the doable object can be achieved of opwiinjr a free market for labour , aud reclaiming waste ^ d at the same time ; for lam not for reclaiming any thing that will not reclaim my clients al « 0 . Wasteland ,
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if it is to be thus reclaimed , must bo made a proper field for the exercise offreelabour . Hy Lords and Gentlemen , it is a sad and melancholy fact , that the philanthropist cannot discuss the simple question of digging or ploughing the ground without finding himself hemmed in and hampered on all rides by the mysterious science of polities ; a « cience at a perfect knowled ge of which no man can arrive , while the knowledge of to-day maybe ignorance to-morrow ; a science whimsically worked into practice by the most opposing principles—those of Whiggerj to-dny and of Toryism to morrow ; a science which makes the greatest statesman and boldest tyrant in . office quail before a single night ' s mildew , and break before " the wind that sheds the ' corn , " while he refuses to bend to a simple system which would make man independent of all casualties rare those
With which God in wisdom thought proper to visit him ; a science which makes man ' s happiness , Kay his very life and the peace of the country , and the very eiistence of society to depend upon the rule of farthings . Ah ! mj Lords and Gentlemen , the wild hjpothesii Of the metaphysician , or the complicated and unravellable assertions of the theorist , provided they are wrappsd up in class legislation dresses , pass current in the world of letters as wisdom and philosophy ; while the limpleU assertion of the philanthropist , if it tend to the deration of the poor man , ii srt down as infidelity and heresy . However , as the rays of knowledge begin to shine through niy prison barf , and at they are sure to spread their benign influence abroad over the whola face of the earth , I am nothing daunted ; and shall therefore , despite the political-economist , ihe-farthing-ilidmg-wale patriot , and the dread , shower statesman , proceed at once to my purpose , which
ig to apply details to your principle of reclaiming waste land . Of that land you have in Great Britain and Ireland more than fifteen millions of acres capable of reclamation , it at all events can scarcely be called jour own , and is therefore out of the Newcastle principle of doing what you please with it . By its proper appropriation , you not only do not suffer damage , but , on the contrary , I propose to do for jou -what jou cannot do for yourselves ; to make it valuable . I estimate that land at a rent of U . 4 d . per acre . I calculate that each acre in the outset , taking the tenant ' s house and stock and means of subsistence till the land is brought to bear , into account , would require somewhere about £ 7 per acre , or a capital of about j £ IO 0 for every fifteen acres . The fifteen million acres allotted Smarms of fifteen acres to one million heads of families , would thus n quire a capital of ons hundred m illions of pounds sterling to aid the working communities in their work of reclamation .
Tile value of those fifteen millions of acres , at twenty year *' purchase , atartnt of It . ii . per acre , would con Government £ 29 , 000 , 000 . Now what I propose is , that Government shall purchase the lands from you , say at that rate , and then , under proper official management , at die head of which should be a Cabinet Minister , to be called the Minister of Agriculture , lease those lands at Is . id . per acre , in lots of fifteen acres , with a capital of £ . 00 advanced to each tenant , subjecting the tenant to a rent of £ 1 per anoum for the lacd , and the interest of £ 100 at four per cent ., that i « £ . 1 for land and £ i for interest .
The Slim of £ 120 , 000 , 000 1 propose to consolidate into one national fund , which shall stand as a mortgage upon the fifteen millions of acres , and ovir which the Parliament alone shall have cowttoul ; and that it should not be h transferable stock , or a stock allowed to be made the medium of exchange , barter , or traffic in the Jew ' s temple ; but that the Government shull merely be agent for the fund-holder and func-payer—receiving from the one and paying to the other . I propose that , after the first eleven years the , tenant shall yearly pay ten pounds in liquidation of his debt ; thereby liquidating the whole amount at the end of the next ten years , or with the twenty-firstyear of his te . ianey ; at the close of which period—twen'y-one years—I prapo 3 e that the tenant shall pay no mure than the original chief rent , of Is . 4 d . per acre , aud all local taxes ; or a
ponud per aunuui for his holding for ever and ever , and amen—until some future generation , in its wisdom , shall see the State necessity of making the then occupiersthemselves being parlies—pay something more as their quota of any national requirement . Xow , those who are in love with a national debt as a bond of union , have it her <» in the flesh and in the spirit ; those who so loudly call out for the cultivation of our waste lands have here the only chance by which their desire , which is improve , mentand the bettering of the poor man ' s condition , can be simultaneously effected ; those who " fear that population presses too hardl y upon the means of subsistence" have here the means ot obviating that disaster ;
tboM of the school of political economy have here the practical illustration of one of their darling principles that " when circumstances close up one channel of speculation and industry , other circumstances open another channel ; " those who would gladly find a resting place for the " surplus population , " made such by the substitution of artificial for natural labour , have here the barbonr open for them ; those who would add to our now , as they say , " too scanty surface of wheat producing land , " have here an extension offered to them ; while although I would much prefer the more improved field for the establishment of a free labour standard of value , I have no objection , provided he gets the meant , to allow my client to workout his own salvation in the more barren
field . Here we have a means of immediately providing for seven millions of people ; and in less than ten yean of providing for fifteen millions of people ; and at tbe expiration of twenty-one years , the original farms of fifteen acres each would be capable of being subdivided for the families , into farms of five ncna each , if necessary . Thus would onr present mute lands , Hew England , Ireland , and Scotland , of themselves , support on the spot twenty-one millions in affluence , comfort and splendour , at the end of twenty-one years and for ever . Th « laws to effect this purpose need not occupy more than a folio sheet ; while-the difference between Three per Cent ., at which Government could easily Taise the money , aud Four per Cent , cheerfully paid by the labourer , would more than cover all tbe expenses of adding a new and necessary department to tbe state machinery . But it is too visionary ! 'tis complicated ! because the interest of the poor man is concerned ; while if two hundred millions of pounds were required fur a
speculation to build a floating-bridge across the Atlan tic , or to make a tunnel from Dover to Calais ; if the sub * jngation of labour , or the importation © f foreign troops , was the object , every angle in a fatcinaiing drawing by some happy draftsman would be scanned , and all FOOLISH odjictions overruled by "Bagman , " "Diogena , ' a Working Han , " or "AgricoXa ; " and the wind would be raised" in spite of all perils by land and water . In the sixth chapter of my book ( for I have got so far , ) I treat this subject more minutely , and shall , therefore , for the present , allow you to chop upon it ; just asking you if you imagine that any tenant of New England , New Ireland , or Xaw Scotland would require the process of the ballot to make him fly to the cry of " The State , ( of which he composed a part ) is in danger !"—or even as a cloak to cover his face while he declared who shall be his representative . No , no—Those , like oil your arrangements , are but poor substitutes for the plain and simple rights which man should possess ; and the want of which makes national service a badge of slavery , instead of being a work of pleasure ,
My lords and gentlemen , the fact is this : the people have now had quite enough of the great cricket-match between Whigs and Tories . The Tories had a long innings andlefta heavy score before they were run out ; the WhigBhave in turn been bowled out ; and they have not made a bad innings ; but now , we must try a match of all Britain and Ireland against tbe oligarchy . And b ° lieve me the Britons and Irish will catch tbe oligarch ; out at every ball they strike . Will you never learn wisdom ? or do you not see that the time has come when a great nation must have some better Charter of its rights , some better security against starvation , sotnr more defined policy for its government , than what field * faction may whimsically ek « out of the address of a defeated minister to bis supporters , or out of the plausible speech of au expectant minister to bis well-fedand welcome guests !
We must have some assurance that a 'SIGHT'S MILDEW or a day ' s heavy rain shall not consign us to famine ; and we mutt have some better rule for regulating our supplies of food than the farthing or fractional sliding scale of political economists . I can find no such rule except in a free labour market ; and , therefore for that I contend . My lord * and gentlemen , hitherto you have played your cards badly . You never should have relied upon other wealth than the highest cultivation of your own natural resources and artificial advantages . Tour iron , your
insular position and green fields , added to your mechanical advantages over all other nations , and tbe hardihood and bravery of the people , should constitute your wealth , your greatness , and your pride . But in order to make slaves of the pooplD , you have cheerfullj joined in every experiment for their oppression , degrada tioB , and humiliation , until at length you have made them declare in their wrath , that if injustice and this great disparity between man and man , is to be perpetuated , it shall only be so by the right of conquest , and no t by the sliding scale of oligarchical whim . h
My lords aud gentlemen , no man has a more thoroug coutempt than I have for the mere professional patriot , who lives upon abuse , while he looks upon dissension wiib the same interest that a lawyer looks upon a good complicated Chancery suit . 1 have now opened every door of the _ temple of corruption in which you have l > e = u long pent up , so that no obstacle should be opposed to your advance to meet popular opinion , so long appealing to you in vain . I haTe denuded the buggaboo Chartism of the party garb in which faction has long dressed it . I have shewn it to you in all its datruc ¦ ivt simplicity . I have explained the modest results anticipated from iu success , and the great national advantages to be
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derived from its substitution for the present pauperising , sterilizing , brutalizing , degrading , peace-destroying , hatred-creating system . I have shown you that the people neither court idleness nor contemplate plunder , but that their principle 1 b strictly JXalthuiiau—amounting to a desire to be " throivn upon their own resources ;" and thereby to prove that " their chief pride consists in the modest comforts of their condition . " I am , my lords and gentlemen , Your obedient . And very humble servant , Fbargus O'Connob . Aug . 4 th , 1811 . P . S . My Lords anil Gentlemen , I have this moment laid down the Morning Chronicle of the 3 rd of August , and I cannot avoid the temptation of » pojtcript , to which tbe following , among many equally ridiculous passage ? , extracted from a pamphlet of the Hon . and Rer . Baptist Noel , invites m « . Now pray attend . lie says : —
" There is an opinion sometimes expressed by well meaning persons , that we ought io keep up the agricultural population , and prevent the multiplication of great manufacturing towns , with all their disagreeable accompaniments of dirt and smoke and noise . But this opinion is surely thoughtless . The land is already so thoroughly cultivated that while the number of families in Great Britain employed in agriculture in 1821 was 978 , 656 , the number employed iu tbo same manner in 1831 was reduced to 961 , 134 . The land , therefore , cannot employ the additional population ; and to endeavour to prevent multiplication of towns and the extension of manufactures , is to endeavour to secure that the whole additional population « f Great Britain and Irelandshould be without employment , and without food . "
In God ' s name , I ask , is it wonderful that we should h"tve 400 , 000—nay , 4 , 000 . 060 of stray sheep from that flock of which tha Hon . and Rev . Gentleman is shepherd in common with tbe fleecing Church ? What , 0 ! what can equal this manifest , this egregious , this consummate ignorance f "Well for the man he is a gentleman and no Chartist ! else would he have written liimsolf down for a fool . But what think you of the leading political Journal of the " ten years'Reform ministry" bestowing much above a column of laudatory comment upon the absurdity ! I shall take the above chapter from the Inmentationi of the Rev . Baptist Noel , as the text for my next letter ; and if the man who wrote the comment for the Chronicle , ( I hope it was " an old and valued contributor , " ) does not hide his face for shame , why then he is a man of steel indeed . Perhaps , the whole thing msy be a nutf . If so , it has succeeded ; for upon reading the : ibore . 1 instantly wrote to my publisher tj send me the Rev . Gentleman's whole book , with the intention of ex . ;> osin ^ its fallacies , haresies , dogmas , and falsehood . F . O'C .
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LBTIBB VII . TO THE IRISH RESIDING IN GREAT BRITAIN . In accordance with the promise which I made in my last letter , I shall now proceed to lay before you without preface or circumlocution a few startling extr cts from the speeches , letters , and resolutions of the man whoha 3 been your LEADER for fortysix years and mine also , to thn time ho came forward as the Whi ? candidate for the representation of the city of Dublin , in August , 1837 . In that year he had openly , avowedly , and undi 3 guise ( J ! y sold himself to . and became the pliant hack "nA subservient tool of , that fact on which he had some short time before designated as "BASE , BLOODY , AND
BRUTAL . " Tae crooked , deceitful policy which he had always followed , but which I did not perceive clearly till then , is now apparent to every one . Read attentively , I beseech yen , the following resolutions and extracts . They are in their way matchless . " LEIN 9 TEB PECXABATIOSf FOB 2 EFEAL . " "The fallowing resolutions were unanimously adopted at tbe meeting of the inhabitants of the province of r . einoter . convened at Mallagnmast , on the l « t day of October , 18 * 3 . l » y reQuiaition , signed by TWO HUNDRED AND EIGHT CLERGYMEN . ONE HUNDRED MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATE BODIES and above TWO THOUSAND of the gentry , freeholders , burgessoR and other inhabitants of the province . " DanielO'Connell E « q ., SI . P ., in the chair .
" Resolved . That this meeting hereby deelares it * devoted loyalty to the person and throne of her gracious Majesty . Q > ieen Victoria , Queen of Ireland , and its deter urination to uphold and maintain inviolate all the prerogatives of tbe crown as guaranteed by theconstitution . " " Resolved . That we , the clergy , gentry , freeholders , bur . gesses , and other inhabitants of the province of Leinster in PUBLIC MEETING assembled declare and pronounce in the presence of our country , before Europe and America andinth « siaht of heaven , that no POWER ON EARTH OUGHT OF RIGHT TO MAKE LAWS TO BIND
THIS KINGDOM SAVE THE QUEEN , LORDS AND COMMONS OF IRELAND , and here standing on the graves of the martyred dead , we solemnly pledge ourselv « atouse every constitutional exertion to free this , our native land , from the tyranny of being legislated for by others than h-rown inhabitants . " "Resolved . That forty-four years of devoted and successful labour in the cause of his country have justly earned for O'CONNELL , THE LIBERATOR OF IRELAND , the UNBOUNDED CONFIDENCE of the
Irish people ; and that we , relying upon his supreme wisdom , discretion , patriotism , and undaunted firmness , hereby pledge ourselves individually and collectively to follow his guidance UNDER any and EVERY circumstance that MAY ARISE , and , come weal conr ; woe , never to desert the constitutional standard of Repeal , which h ¦ has rais « i . " Daniel O'Conneix , Chairman . AsdriwR . Stotcb , ' Johk Grit . _ . .
JowCiHrniD . f Secratanes . John Walshe , After these resolutions had been unanimously adopted by this meeting of slaves—wilful slaves—tlie LIBERATOR came to the front of the platform ; and raising his hands on high , said , " HERE , IN
THE PRESENCE OF MY COUNTRY , BEFORE EUROPE AND AMERICA , AND IN THE SIGHT OF HEAVEN , I PROCLAIM THE UNION VOID . " Whereupon Mr . Mark O'Callaghan , and one of the Young Ireland party , crowned the Liberator " KING OF THE HEARTS
AND AFFECTIONS OF THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND . " The poor honest dupes , the working classes , those who were in earnest , took it for granted that tha Union was repealed , and were heard saying to ono another : — " Well , did you ever think that we would get it so easy . By the powers of Mol Kelly ' . I thought we'd have a bit of fighten for it . We'll go to Dublin at Christmas , jut to see the Union in College-green . "
Now , my countrymen , reflect for a moment on this ostentatious mockery , this solemn delusion , this nefarious snare to entrap and secure the blind confidence of the unwary , the single-hearted , confiding , credulous dupes . Read the third resolution carefully ; weigh every word of it : see how the old fox pledges the whole meeting to rely upon his supreme wisdom , discretion , patriotism , and undaunted firmness ; and to follow his guidance under any and
EVERY CIRCUMSTANCE THAT MAY ARISE . The devil himself never took greater pains to secure his victims tkan this cunning , deceitful old cheat , took to prevent his dupes from becoming clamorous when the time should conic that the " CLAIMS OF
REPEALERS FOR PLACE SHOULD NOT BE DISPARAGED by a Whig Government . " See how he relies upon the principles of the Constitution , without a word about violating the law , when he wishes to lead his dupes to the very verge of REVOLUTION ; and what a tender regard he bas for the LAW , when he finds it necessary to restrain seme of his followers from adhering to his former resolutions . Oh ! if orphans' moans , widows' tears , prayers , % nd secret curses , have any weight , Derrynane , and its upstart horde of knaves and impostors , will crumble into ruin and be scattered like dust before the wind .
Is there one man amongst you that would have the face to come forward before any assembly , and as chairman put the question upon such a fulsome slavish piece of adulation and mockery as the third resolution . Read it again and again , 1 beg of you . M 3 BAI . FORCE V . PHYSICAL FORCE . From the 3 rd to the 6 tU of October , 1813 , the foL
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lowmg advertisement appeared in the Freeman ' * Journal : —
THE GREAT CLONTABF MEETING . " At a meeting of the Committee of the Clontarf Dc . monstration , held this day , the Liberator moved th « following ^ resolutions ;—'' 1 st . That out of respect to the wishes of several highly re 8 peetable PltOTE . sTANT CLERGYMAN it is determined that the PROCESSION TO CLONTARF Shall not be formed hearer to Dublin than the Crescent , Won . tarf Road , and that the cavalcade shall MCSTEU there on Sunday next , at TWO O'CLOCK precisely . ' -. That the meeting of REPEAL CAYALRY , advertised for llarcourt . atr .-et Fields , do not tako place there ; but that they MUSTER at the OMBOBHT , «« l fall m behind the Liberator ' s carriage at the same hour !' " CharleB Gavin Duffy , ] a ' . „ " Francis Morg . n , } Secretaries . "
Do you imagine that this mustering of Repul Cavalry was not conducted with the guilty design of forcing the Government to put down an agitation which was assuming too much earnestness for the convenience of the Liberator ? Well he knew that the mustering of a Repeal Cavalry was unlawful and that the Government could not overlook it ; but he hoped by this dextrous movement to get rid of ,-a portion of the responsibility of the Repea agitation . He felt thai ho had gone too far : that the people , and some of the priests and bishops , were in rarnest , and that the people had actually made up their minds to fight for freedom . The proclamation , arrest and trial were a real God-send , of which you shall be thoroughly convinced before this correspondence is brought to a conlusion .
I am not yet at liberty to publish the nature of the instructions which Mr . Sheil received to apply for the prerogative of the Crown on behalf of the state prisoners in Richmond penetentiary , the condition of which was the total abandonment of the Repeal movement . Peel , great a man aa he is , " put his foot in it , " when he refused Shiel ' s motion for the exercise of the prerogative of mercy . That portion of the Catholic Clergy who are now most clamorous denunciators of physical force , though no one spraks about it except themselves and Mr . O'Connell , had no great objection to a bit of a physical force demonstration at Clontarf . on the 8 th of October , 1813 . In the same column of the Freeman ' s Journal , which contained the advertisement to MUSTER the REPEAL CAVALRY at the Crescent at Clontarf , the following Requisition appeared : —
" CLONTARF—RBPBAL . "We . the undersigned Clergymen of Finjjal . r « "i >—* - MEETING of the People of . FiiicaWtOlontarf , on Sun-Jay the 8 th of October instant , at T WO o ' clock precisely , to petition Parliament for » REPEAL of the LEGISLATIVE USION , and to express our decided , and unalterable opinion , that nothing less than the restoration ot our Natire Parliament can , or will satisfy the people of Ireland . " " The LIBER \ T 0 R will attend . " James Carey , V . F . P . P . Swords ; James Callenan ,
V . F . P . P ., Clontarf ; P . J . Tyrrell , P . P ., Lusk ; Charles Boyle , P . P ., Skerries ; M . Dungan , P . P ., Blanehard . itown ; Patrick Fleming , C . C ., Malahide ; John Walshe . P . P ., Rollestoifn ; J > hn Molloy , P . P ., Oanistown ; James Young , P . P . ; Patii . k Montague , P . P ., Naul ; William Doran , C . C . ; Ed . Kennedy , C . C . ; John M'Hugh , C . C . ; Michael Doyle , C . C ; Joseph M ' Key , C . C ; John MCartby , C . C ; 15 . M'Donald , C . C ; P . Smith , C . C . John M'Donuell , C . C . ; Thos . Kiernan , C . C . ; Edward M'Cabe , C . C . ; John Greene , C . C . ; Henry Young , C . C ; P . Smitn , C . C .
The majority of these requisitiomsts hare announced their intention to hold a nieeting now , for the purpose of adopting a vote of confidence in Mr . O'Connell , and approval of his recent moral force movement—a movement which every sensible man in the kingdom knows full well was introduced in the Repeal Association , for the sole purpose of getting rid of those who had announced their intention of abiding by the object of the Clerical Requiaitionists of Fingal— "THAT NOTHING LES * THAN A
RESTORATION OF OUR NATIVE PARLIAMENT CAN OR WILL SATISFY THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND . " This conduct would appear very inconsistent had not these gentlemen pledged themselves collectively and individually to follow Mr . O'Connell under
ANY AND EVERY CIRCUMSTANCE THAT MAY ARISE . Had they not pledged themselves in this manner at the great ] Leinster meeting at Mullaghmaat , they would see that the introduction of the Moral Force resolutions at the Repeal Association was as much out of place , | as uncalled for , and as inconsistent , indecent , and unnecessary , as it would be for the ([ accomplished , virtuous , and excellent wives of Mr . Morgan O'Connell , Mr . Maurice O ' Connell , or Mr . John O'Connell , or any of them , to leave their drawing-rooms , aud go into the streets and cry out , " Who dare say that I am not a good wife ?" We live in strange times ; but let us now proceed to the extracts .
** Give me but six menths of poace and tranquillity and I will huvo the parliament in Col luge Green , or give you my head on a block . "—Daniel O'Connell , October 22 , 1813 . 11 He that commits a crime gives strength to the enemy . "—Daniel O'Counell . "It is said that Feargus O'Connor is about to visit this city , if so , I hope there is sufficient spirit in the coal porters to souse him in the Liffey . "—Daniel O'Counell . 11 Where is the man who will tell me that the kingdom of heaven is like a poor man ' s house in a bog , with but one road luading to it . "—Daniel O'Connell . " The corrupting influence of the Castle of Dublin is such that even tbe great Doctor Doyle himself cannot visit it without losing a part of his utility . "—Daniel O'Connell .
" There it the hand that drew up tlio petition for the emancipation of the Unitarians and other Dissenters , and , bluss « d be God , that they , vere emancipated even before the Catholics . "—Daniel O'Connell . " No Catholic Bishop can be a member of the Board under the Bequests Act , bcciuse they should dispense Unitarian Charitits , wbich they cannot do , as the UNITAMASS ARE NOT CHRISTIANS . But this objection does not apply to Protestants in connection with the Church of England . "—Daniel O'Connell . Letter to Dr . Cantwell from Richmond Penitentiary .
"II the education of the Catholic children in the Kildaro Place Schools wore the objuot of ( he society , aud not proselytism , why should they introduce Religion or Religious Tracts iuto the Schools * Why not leave the religious iustruction of the children to their parents aud the clergy of their choice ? There is no religion in Entick ' Dictionary , Tharo is no religion in the five common rules , in arithmetic , in grammar , in the arts or sciences , or even in the classics ; and am I to bo told bj the learned secretary ( Jackson ) that those do not contain education . "—Daniel O'Connell . "TheInfidel Caliches have no provision for relkioua instruction within their walls , and must necessarily therefore , impart a godless education to the students . "Daniel O'Connell .
"I hereby offer a reward of Fifty pounds to any one who Shall , within six months from the date hereof , prove that Joseph Dennis Mullen was ever yet GUILTY o ( ONE HONEST or STUAIGIITYOIUVAKD transaction . ' —Daniel O'Connell . " Ireland would soon be a free nation if every parish bad a Joseph Denis Mullen in it . "— Daniel O'Connell . " He who is not a Chartist is either a KNAVE who protits by the evils of misrule , or a FOOL upon whom facts and reason make no impression . "—Daniel O'Connell . ' I plo ' dgo ray professional reputation that it is a leansportable offence to be a Chartist . "—Duuiel O'Connell . " Is it enough , or shall he , while a thrill Lives in your sapient bosoms , cheat you still . I shall , in my next letter , give you a pretty accu rate accoust of the FACTORY BRIBE . This sub
ject has hitherto been involved ra a good deal of mystery . I ' shall make it clear enough , and that too without tbe least fear of contradiction . lVfRlCK . 0 'IIlGGINa . Dublin , 4 th of October ' ' 1 S 16 .
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The Windermero Railwitf- was open to the public on Tuesday last . ' The Manx Sun saya . tlio herring fishery has improved this weekr
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DUMFRIES . Oar Working Men ' s Association continues in * most satisfactory state . A muster rail of between 70 and 80 is something in these dull times fora Chartist corps in an out of the wny place like Dumfries . The agitation has been carried on in more striving times here , with a much less numerous and infinitely worse appointed staff—and Chartism is not only alive heie , but kicking . On Thursday eTenmg last " , the second day of our great fair , the members and friends of the association , to the number of—eschewing balls , the tavern , and other vanities—a hundred and mote , supped together in the large room of the Temnerflnee
Hotel . Mr . George Lewis in the 8 ha r ,. with Mr . Ja * . Grieson " fornenst" him , acting as vice or croupier . Ths material department of the soiree , did great credit to Mr . Macnish , the worthy landlord and ' caterer . It was served up about seven o- clock , and it was close upon the " we short hour o' the mornih' " " ero the delighted party could bring themselves to say good night . It is generally admitted that such a happy night was never before spent between the Nith and Lochar Moss . An elder o' the kirk frae , up the water of Orr , declares that he never knew what enjoyment was before ; and declares , that if he know » when the next takes place , that be will come again , 'Tho " twere ten thousand miles . "
The company was select and varied—old men like our friend theelder , young men unlike him ; matrons , like everything matronly , and maidens , like nothing in heaven , earth , or the waters under the earth , but their ain bonny selves ; and the toasts , songs , and sentiments were to correspond , and plenty of them , flow they were received , by those topographically acquainted with Dumfries may be understood , when we mention that the ruffing and cheering was heard at the Monument , and by any body else , when they know that the marks of enthusiastic approbation remain upon Mr . Macnish ' s tables until this day , and that next morning more than one hand was well blistered . The only drawback was thesraallness of the room , but that will be irot . over at the next meet-¦¦¦ is ui
mo num . which in nxeo ior ixew rear a day . There are now several public rooms to be had , and there s no fear of filling the largeat . The following are a few of the sentiments proposed on Monday evening : — " The Sovereignty of the People" — " The Charter , and may it soon become the Law of the Land , " and "Feargus O'Connor , E * q . "—all from the Chair . " The apeeedy Restoration of Frost , Williams , Janes , and Ellis "—by Mr . Wardrop . Song by Mr . M'Divett- " The Exile of Erin . " " Thomau Duncombe , hsq ., M . P . " -Mr * Samuel Welsh . " W . Ewart , Esq ., M . P , " -Mr . Wardrop . " The tYorthern Star , and the People ' s Press "—Mr . Welsh . " Patrick O'Uiggins , Enq" —Mr . Wardrsp . "TheDumfries ami Maxwelton Working Men's Association , long may it continue to prosper "—the Chairman . " The Memory of Burns "—by the Croupier . Song : Mr . M'Divett— " A Man ' s a Man for a' that . " " Mr .
Ernest Jones , the Chartist poet "—the Chairman . " Rlino ^ uo Vn flin I- ~ . i >\ OuUOIUC UIGOUUll . Omig by Mr . M'Divett— "The People ' s Estate . " Then followed " The Chartist Platform , coupled with Mr . Wardrop ' s health "— " The Founders of the Association , " &c , & , all most appropiatuly introduced , and enthusiastically responded to . Messrs . M'Divett , Youn ? , and others , including several of the fair Chartists present , supplied a profusion of excellent , suitable , and excellent songs , executed in first rate style . We had almost forgot to mention that the well-lighted room was tastefully decorated with festoons of flowers , and the walls hung with the banners of the Association , and the portraits which have been presented from time to time with the Star , these frames prankt with dahlias , &c .
MR . DOYLE'S TOUR IN SCOTLAND . Mr . Doyle has delivered lectures during the past week in Parkhead , Rutherlen , Newmilns , Darval , and Galston , to numerous and highly respectable meetings , especially Galston , Darval , and Newmilns ; and his expositions of the various evils which press upon the toiling millions of the United Kingdom , told with great effuct on the audiences he addressed , also his advocacy of the principles of the Chartist Cooperative Land Society , llislecture i > n Friday night in Galston , which occupied twohours in the delivery , was received with universal satisfaction . It embraced five points , each of which Mr . Doyle did ample justice to ( viz )—First—the Land of the United Kingdom , and its extent . Secondly—The capabilities of the Land , when laid out in allotments suitable to the convenience and circumstances of the People , and cultivated upon the new and improved principle lucidly set forth bv Mr . O'Connor in his small farm work .
Thirdly—Tbe causes which have prevented a fair and equitable distribution of the Land considered . Fourthly—The monopoly of machinery , and its fatal consequences to the working classes generally . And Fifthly—The principles of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , the only effectual remedy , socially considered , calculated to counteract the baneful influence and effects of tbe monopoly of machinery—the monopoly of the Land , and tLe destructive power of the Capitalists , and the Landed Aristocracy .
BARNSLEY . At the weekly meeting of the members of the Na- tional Charter Association , held in their room , on Sunday last , the political career of Henry Hunt and Feargus O'Connor was discussed according to a previous announcement . The noble and generous acts of these two nobles of nature was laid before the meeting by several speakers , and their conduct con . trasted with that of their vile tvadticera . It waa remarked by one of . the speakers that , on Henry Hunt first entering tbe Commons' House of Parliament , he was met and escorted in by D wiiel O'Connell and JoM ; ph Hume , who congratulated him on hia first entrance into the Senate House , and told him what
a strength he would add to their party , but the patriotic and generous Hunt replied , " No , gentlemen , I'll arid strength to no party , I have not come here for party purposes , but to serve my country , I'll support good measures and oppsse bad ones , regardless of who their author may be . " From that time the hatred of the two humbugs commenced . Old Dan soon held out with his poisonous breath , " He ' s sold to the Tories . " The same with Fear ; us O'Connor , when he refused to be his tool he was " sold to the Tories . " At the close of the discussion , on the motion of John Ward , seconded by Michael Segrave , fand supported by Frank Mirfield and others , tho ollowing resolution was passed : —
"Resolved—That this meeting having discussed and considered the noWe ana patriotic teens of tho two great and good men forming this night ' s subject for discussion , regret the abuse they have both encountered from the men they have been struggling , for being well convinced that had the working classes been half as true to their own cause an Hunt and O'Connor have buun to them , or had they followed the advicu of these excellent men , we should htive been in full possession of our rights long silica , consequently the name respect is duo to them and their memories , as though we were in tiiat blissful state . "
. SHEFFIELD . On Sunday , a discussion took place in the Demomocratio Temperance Room , 33 , Queen-street , Mr . Lcevsley in the chair , on the : Evils of Tithes . At the close of the meeting the following resolution was unanimously agreed to : — " That this meeting is of opinion that the tithe exac tion is unjust in principle , nefarious in practice , and a standing nuisance on the statute-book . " Thinks having been voted to the chairman , the
meeting dissolved . An Election Committee is formed " here , and is increasing in numbers every meeting night . Our excellent Library , numbering upwards of 300 volumes , has been closed some time , owing to the works going under repairs , will re-open on Sunday next , from nine o ' clock until half-past ten . By a resolution of the council ,, the library is pot confined to members as before ; friends to mrtructixm will do well to avail themselves of the above opportunity , the charges being only one halfpenny per volume , per week .
CIIELTIIENIUM . At the weekly meeting of thfr Shareholders in the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , held in tlie Unitarian School-room , on Monday evening las ^ Jt was proposed and carried unanimously : — That the persons present form themseWesiuto a branch of tho National Charter Association . Severil natno 9 were taken down , and a sum of money subscribed to commence operations . The meeting was then adjourned to Monday evening next , at eight o ' clock , when the attendance of every democrat is particularly requested ,
BILSTON . A delegate meeting was held , according to announcement in last week's Star , at the above place , Mr . A . Fussell in tho chair : Mr . D . Pett acted us secretary . The following resolutions were agreed to : — 1 st . That a district committee bo formed of Birmingham and South Staffordshire , to absist the oen ' n'al committee for the purpose of sending as many members to tho Uous * of Commons at thu next geiier-. il election as possible , and that we pledge ourselves to vm uvery uw . ms in our power to collect funds for the sarjo . 2 nd . That we recommend each low . Yuy iu this district to form au electioneering commutes .
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assS" -- " ^ - " iH&icrf 55 ^**''" " * ' * ¦ " SS ' . r ; "" •""• p ™* . t .. ppa ™ u p , , ta ' b , * ,,, ! ' ™ "W ¦*> , ««« ;
that lethargy , asi your cause demands tit yZ should put your shoulders to the wheel . The oue " tion is ivtll you do your duty , rr will y ,, ]] ow a H fe ^ men to struggle ardently , while you are sleepW in patby ? No , —let every place in . this district be represented at the next delegate meeting at Dudley . At a meeting of tho Chartists of this place , held on Sunday evening last , the following resolutions , proposed by JMr . Linney , seconded by Thomas Hamtner-8 loy , were * adopted j—
That we do now form ourselres intoa reading nn » l die * cuasion claw , Frith the view of drawing out talent , that is at present lay % dormant . To meet on Tuejday evening , October 13 ch , at 7 o ' clock . ,
The following papors and books will be read : —Abrw n £ Sia ? -I >' te * J'rroTd's raptr , People ' * Journal , O'Connor ' s Work on Small Farms , & « . NEWTON ABBOT . A public meeting of the Newton , Abbot branch tf the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , was held at the Turk ' s Head Assembly Rooms , feThimdw evening , the lstinst ., forgeneral business , W , J Jiilms jnthe chair . It was unanimously agreed : ~ That letters be sen * t to the different branclrci in the neighbourhood to aicerUia the amount eaeh would ba ablw to rai » e for tbe purpose oUpajinj ? the expencei of E Jonas Esq .,. should he » cc * pt an- invitation t » visit Devonshire . ' '
That a halfpenny per share per month bepnid b y each member to defray the necesjwry local expenses . That £ i a-ye » r be paid the Secretary , Th « t Mr , G . Godfrey be Secretary .. _ That Mr . J . B . Crown , be Corresponding Secretary and Treasurer .
NOTTINGHAM .. A delegate meeting was held on Sunday last , at the Nav Inn , Carrington , when delegates , from- tie following places , wero present : —Nottingham , Ar"old , Calton Basford , Lanton , Camngton ,. Lamblv , and Radford . It was unanimously agreed that tho Mayor of Nottingham be respectfully solicited to convene a public meeting on the 19 th day of the prv . sent month , at the Town Hall , at sCTCn o ' clock in the evening , for the purpose of adopting the National Petition , and electing a delegate to attend the Petition Convention . Mr . Sweet wns unanimously chosen to be put in nomination at the public nuetmg . 1 he election committee will meet'next Sunday evening . at six ' o ' clock , at the sign of * tue Newton ' s Head , ^ ttingham .
ASI 1 TON . The usual weekly meeting of the shareholders of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , was held ia the Chartist room , Bentinck-street , on Sunday last , when a discussion took place as to tho propriety of joining the National Charter Association ; Considering as work ng men that it is our duty to-awist our Chartist brethren in the efforts now making to arouse the people to a sense of their condition , and tosiyn the Petition to Parliament for the enactment of the People ' s Charter ) and we call the attenposluoV ! - """ - ~ — ••» *» --
-" That the Shareholders of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society shall pay the .-urn of one punny per week to the Chartist Association . That the general an * , local expenses of the Land Societj be dufrayed out of their subscriptions , and the rust go to the Chartist Association . " By this means we could employ lecturers to expound our principles in tin ? agricultural districts . The discussion will bo resumed next Sunday , and we hope the shareholders will all attend .
GLASGOW . At the usual meeting of the Glasgow branch of the Chartist Cooperative Society , held in Murdock's school room , on Monday , October oth , James Bain in the chair , Mr . O'Connor's letter from the Star of the 3 rd , was read which gave the greatest satisfaction . The nomination of the Executive was then taken up in accordance with the announcement of the secretary , and after considevablo discussion it was unanimously agreed that the present-executive should b . 3 continued in office . The chairman then asked what progress the branch had made since Mr . Doyle ' s lecture , when the secretary stated that upwards of thirty members had been enrolled : as the fruits of that lecture .
Mb . Dotlk s Route . Monday , October 12 th . Hamilton ; Tuesday , 13 th , Lannark ; Wednesday , 14 th , Burrhead ; Thursday , 15 th . Anderston ; . Friday , 10 th , Glasgow ; Saturday , 17 th , Campsie . DUMFRIES . At the weekly meeting of the Association ,. held-on Sunday evening , the Daily News , a journal- which has cruelly disappointed the hopes of the people was turned out of the reading room , our member . * judging even " ou ! d bloody" preferable , on the principle thaC an open enemy k better than a pretended friend . The proposal in the last Star , to establish a dailj democratic journal has given great satisfaction here .
DUNKIRK , NEAR DEVIZES - . Adoption op thb National Petition . —At a meetingheid on Monday evening last , at Mr .. Thomas Bond's to adopt the National Petition , ; tho following resolutions were unanimously agreed to . Th&t It 18 thft soUmu conviction ot this meeUng ^ -ttiat every man is horn with a natural right to a voice in th * making of the laws he i » called upon to obey , and believing as we do , thut nil tho erils unvoting society isowing to class legislation , we therefore pledge ourselves by every legalmeaus in our power to obtain . the People ' * Charter . That this meeting do , in accordance with the lat » Convention , agree to the presentation of a National Petition , and that Una meeting do ugreo to procure as many signaturei aa possible to the same .
ROCUDALE . On Monday evening last , a public meeting was held in the Chartist room , to take [ into csnsicf era tion the case of the Kuighly turn-outs , Joseph- Berber * . shiiw in the chair , at ' ier a delegate fiointlie men on strike had briefly explained the nature of' the turnout , the following resolution was adopted .. Propose ^ by Edward Mitchell , seconded by Joseph H ' oakes . That this meeting is determined to Tonnes every possi . bla assistance to the oppressed operatives- of Kei ^ liloy ( now resisting the cruel oppression of the manufuctucrs
MANCHESTER . Adoption of tub National Petition—On Sunday evening last , October 4 th , a public meeting for tha purpose of adopting the Katioiwl Petition , praying the enactment ot the People's Charter , was held at the People's Institute . The Hall was- well filled . Previous to the business of the meeting , the" praver " was read from the North * ™ Star-by William Nuttall . Amen was uttered by all present with solemnity and respect . John Suttou was unanimously called to thu chair . Tun resolutions wore submitted to the meeting ' s approval , by Mossra . Clarke . Donnovan , Nuttall , and Kaiikin , who eloiiueu / ly addressed the audience , ami the National Petition was unanimously adopted . 124 . 6 u \ was colk'cted for the Kcighley turn-outs . A vide of thanks «« & given to the Ciiainuaii , smd the meeting . closud ;
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DESTirtmcv is the IIiojiusds . — A swefcinir of the county of Argyll was uuldatlnvi-rary-o'i the 30 th ult ., to take into consideration the prasasu . critical state of the poor and labunr-jng population , 5 n consequence of the tiuluve of thc-yoUtoe eroj > .. This Miuv quesaofBreatialbane w ; ra-called to tho a ^ 'i " - tti 3 lordship , after alluding to . the bleak pro "Reels before the poorer classes , stated- as his opinion that the proprietors of land must in a great measure provide tor tbe exigency which had arisen ; ami until each of them in tho county hs'l done its utmost to meet tho urgency in the case ,, they would only at > to government with liUlc chance-ofsuccess .. The pivsunt was therefore eninhaiiailiy the time to commence improvements on their property , and thus afturd rmrlovment to the p oor . The Marquess of i . » rnc wuil tho proprietors of Argyll would notshirx the obligations ; which lay on thsm " to attend to the welfare of those 1 on their stated .. At tho same time , considering that
the pressure would not fall equally on all t \ w . proprietors , lie did think tu . ey had grounds to oaII the attention oS government to the question , with the view of asking its assistance towards two or three important objects Two of these were emigration and tho encouragement of the fisheries ; av . tl . as to tho third , be theught tiie attention of tiis executive should , be especially called lo it . This was The providing a supply of food for tln'Sis who rccro aMe aud willing to purchase it , thereby affm-ifins the snine justice and favour to the people of the Highlands of Scotland—who , although less uiiruiy , were saft enne luniueh fromdestiution-asto tbo people ot Ireland . A committee- was then appointed to draw out resolutions timcet the case ; wheivaftcr ftbnet drift ? . * string of resolutions was unawnously » 8 ™ f . o t Vi a committee uppointnl t » carry them into ett . U . The meeting then bn . kc cp .
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AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .
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VOL . IX . NO . 465- LONDON , SATURDAY 7 oCTOBER 10 , 1846 " ~^«* . rowine * «• , * ¦^ - -== — = * Fivp ShillingH nncl Sixpence pel' Qn nrlci
To Tflermembsrs-Of-The:-Chartist Co-Operative Land Association.
TO TflErMEMBSRS-OF-THE :-CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND ASSOCIATION .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 10, 1846, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1387/page/1/
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