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Co $eatrers & Coros#oifiittit&
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TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAM) SOCIETY.
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The Shutting up op Highland Passes..-—We
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CniLD Stolen by its own Father. — A novel and
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Mr Dkab Fbikhbs , Oa Thnisdayflast , I went to see an estate that was advertised to be sold at Marsh Gibbon , near Bicester in BucMngharashire , and as the capability of the soil has been a matter much disputed by persons who know no more about it than idiots , and as It is a subject upon which of all others you should be thoroughly informed , and as one fact is worthi
a thousand arguments and ten thousand ? ague assertions , I shall recount some facts which I saw and some that I learned in my drive from Aylesbury to Bicester , a distance of seventeen miles , and you will understand that mine are facts , unlike the fabricated conversations of the League , manufactured between steam-boat passengers and free traders , and not one of which ever really occurred . I have the vulgar habit of picking up information from any source , and as 1 went in a gig and found my driver to be a rerr shrewd fellow , I will recount the information that I gathered from him and through him . ;
His name is Henry Turnham , he is boots and « second turn" at the White Hart Hotel , Aylesbury There is chapter and verse for the curious . I asked Jim what the usual rate of wages was in the counfxv district ; he told me it was 8 s . a-week , and was Jow in consequence of the ii iro faction of agriculfcrfal machinery , SUCh as th-. tlb . iag and winnowing machines , and that the trials for machine-breaking had been dreadful . At that ti ne there were so many labourers in prison , that ti ; y were obliged to send to the gaols in the mori ; ag > o pick out those there was least against to " n-ilk the cows . " I'm
sgnytber did not allow them 10 milk them themselves ; but you see they can ' t do even so much without them . That ' s what I say , not what the driver said * A first cousin of Ms , "William Turnham , I think was one of three who were transported , they were made an example of because they carried guns . He was a capital workman , remarkably quiet and very much liked by his employers , he got fourteen years , and returned from the thieves' colony six -weeks ago with eight hundred pounds , ( I wonder how long he would be making that among the honest gentlemen at home ] . and was now about taking one of
the farms of two hundred acres where the machines had been destroyed . Yon see how money makes the man , and how its influence covers the law ' s condemnation , as well as a multitude of sins . When we got to a village called Wadsdon about six miles from Ayleshnry , I saw a vast number of men working as if for their very lives , in a very Jarge field , and in their shirt sleeves . I said , " That ' s a proper farmer ; he digs his land and employs plenty of men . " He smiled , and replied , " Sir , those are all forming for themselves ; that ' s a large piece of ground that the clergyman , the
Rev-Mr . Larimer , took from a farmer that was letting it get bad , and he let it out to the poor at the same rent as the farmer paid . " God Almighty bless that clergyman , " said I . " Well , and does it produce more tow ? " " More , sir , " said he , " aye more than six times as much ; they are obliged to dig it , and it ' s the cleanest and best bit of land for miles round . " " Well , " said I , " are they fond of the clergyman . " "Yes , they are , I often drive himand he ' s as nice a gentleman to speak to as ever 1 sat alongside ; he says he ' s rery much pleased with his flock . I used to go to his church , and he has
two for one now on Sundays , and they're so respectable looking . Indeed " he continued , " you may see the people running in all directions in summer time , when they ' ve done work for the fanners , and going till dark and almost before light to work for themselves . " " Well , " said I , "if there was a disturbance again would they attack their clergyman ?" " No , indeed , ' ' said he , «? but they'd fight for him—I don't say the farmers would , but all the poor of the parish would , and the shopkeepers of "Wadsdon ought , for there's a great improvement in their shops . " " Now , " said I , " do they pav more
attention to what he sajs on SundayV" " Yes , sir , to be snreihey do , when they know that he ' s for their good . " It was half-past ten when I passed , and on my return they were all working away , and to my sorrow , as I was driving to catch the train , I could not go amongst them to cheer them , and join in thanksgiving to a minister of God ' s religion . I have often said give me , a thousand times give me , the city with its church steeples , in preference to the dry with its long ehimnies . When did you ever hear of a cotton lord letting land to the poor . The wav to the farm I was about to inspect was
intricate , and ] av through bye-roads , and when within about a mile and a half of the place I stopped and called at a cottage on the roadside , where I found a strapping looking fellow between thirty aud forty , with a charming smiling countenance , and dressed in a blue smock frock , who answered and offered to accompany we to the farm . And now you shall have his history from his own lips . The farm was a common , recently enclosed . My guide ' s name is Thomas Cater . Before the common was entirely stolen the farmers leased it out in small lots , and Thomas Cater took four acres in the rough , with
furze and all sorts of rubbish ; ( F give you his own words ) , he took the four acres at a rent of £ 5 a year , or £ 1 5 s . an acre—he breast-ploughed and burnt it , and in two years and a half he made it SO GOOD that the FARMERS TOOK IT FROM HIM -4 S HE'D TVORE NOWHERE ELSE—he had the best crops in the parish , and when they took i he would gladly have given £ 2 10 s . an acre , or double rent for it , that is double what they charged him , which in its then state was much more than it was worth . He built a
louse , but luckily foi | him not on the common , as that would have gone , but a mile and a half away from his work . Now make a sum of this return from 4 acres of common for two years and a half . He lived and supported his family and built a house , and he would not give his four acres for £ 10 a year , that Js £ b a year for ever over and above the too high rent ; £ f > a year at 4 per cent , is worth £ 125 , so besides living and building a house , this man had earned JG 125 , or . £ 50 a year for two years and a half , while the wages he could earn , aud out of which he should live , but never could build a house ,
was 8 s a week , or allowing 10 s . —and to work every day in the year— . 626 a year . Again , the two years and a half was all labour and expense , every other year it would have been twice , thrice , aye ten times as productive . Xow who vrould work for a master , when he can work for himself . Well , exactly opposite the farm , at the other side , I saw a man and two children , of about the respective ages of 6 and 7 working away , when Thos . Cater said Sinuingly , Look at them . Who are they , said I . Why , said he , that ' s the 45 acres that 12 of us took there at 30 s an acre , and that man is working on his own ,
and the youngsters are picking couch grass and TOeds to burn ; and they are so used to it , that they'd do as much as the man . Are they ever sick ? said 1 ? Sick , he replied with a laugh , not they in-< keu , you'd see them crawling about there in summer before they can walk ; and they get as cute as ttts before they are 5 , and they cry to come out . 1 v « n , I said , how much do you hold—who is your landlord , and have you a lease ? I hold 5 acres at £ 7 10—Mr . Root is mv landlord . We took it first
• Or 3 years , and since then we go on from year to J ^ . Get a lease , said I . 01 the landlord is a very § ° *< 1 man . Get the lease , I replied . I CAN'T , HE * -AlD . \ veii now , I asked , what sort of crops have you ? - ^ Le answere ( 1 > j . j i te ]! you . There can "e 110 oifference , said he , between the two sides of the 'Mljut tlu : farm you ' re on is the best land ; this 3 tar be Lad tfcree quarters of wheat to the acre , and " E HAD 5 AND OVER . I then explained the disadvantage of living a mile and a half from his land , ^ ch lie appeared to understand ; and I also ex-
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plained the land plan , and how each cottage was on the land , and the lease for ever , and the bonus given to commence . O , said he , if I could only get that chance I'dejump for joy , WHY I'DE BE A GENTLEMAN . I had gone so far with my letter , when Mr Wheeler arrived at Herringsgate , at eight o'clock at night , with the advertisement of a farm of one hundred and eighty-eight acres that was to be sold in Oxfordshire on the following day but one , aud to inspect which I am obliged to start at an early hour to-morrow morning . I remain , Your faithful friend and bailiff , Fjjahgus O'Connor .
P . S . —I should tell you that I did not purchase the land at Marsh Gibbon for several reasonsfirstly , it was for the most part common though good land ; secondly ; the best half of it was flooded in winter by the overflowing of . a brook which could not be lowered to a considerable distance ; thirdly , there was no sand to he had within three miles ; and , fourthly , it was very swampy and unhealthy , a thing that I am particularly anxious to guard against , and , beyond a fascinating advertisement , you will see the necessity of minute inspection aud enquiry before working men are located for life .
Now I will briefly point out the requisites for a Chartist colony . Firstly . The land must be good and digaWe , and the sHuationhealthy . Secondly . It must be within reach of good markets for the sale of produce and for labour , if those with two acres have families so large that they would feel disposed , at seasons of the year , to work for hire . Thirdly . Bricks or stone , lime and sand , must be within a convenient distance . Fourthly . Water is a great object to save the sinking of wells . Fifthly . The roads should be good , and if near a railway station , so much the
better ; and last , but not least in importance immediate possession must be had , I have , recently had expensive trips to visit ^ land that I would not accept as ajgift for [ our purpose ; for instance , I never got within two miles of the estate in Devonshire that I travelled eight miles beyond Exeter to inspect For the last three miles we climbed a rugged mountain side , like the bed of a rapid river ; and when I got within two miles of the farm , I learned that the expense of bringing
bricks from the only place where they could be had even , to that point , was over £ 2 a thousand , being more than the prime cost ; that the road from that point was impassable ; and that the farm , when 1 got there , was an unreclaimed mouutain ; and 1 often said to my friend Mr . Wilkinson , who accompanied me : " 1 wonder what a set of Lancashire operatives would say of my judgment while they were dragging their furniture up this mountain-side , and when they got to their destination , to find themelves in a wilderness , without a town nearer than
ten miles . I beg that all persons sending advert se ments will make as much enquiry as possible rela tive to the above requisites . F . O'C .
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an usurper , and may bo familiar with the leading features of their reign , and such characters as the cynic or panegyrist may think proper to paint them in ; he may be acquainted with the battles fought in their time , the name 3 of the Generals , disposition of their armies , and their victories and defeats ; he may be familiar with the manners and customs of the court , and the fashions and cabals of the age ; but , surely , I am not so much more ignorant than other ? , that what I have Been should bo a startling novelty to ME , and so familiar to OUR RULERS AND AUTHORS , and the majority of well informed mea as to make repetition superfluous , and surprise a just charge of ignorance .
My fellow-passengera and the passers by , I observed , took no heed of what to them appeared to be an everyday occurrence , and when we had got off the stones , and when the coachman had a moment to spare from attention to the various turns and obstructions , Isaid , "Pray is what I have seen in the streets a usual occurrence ? " "What's that , your honour ? " ho replied . " Why ,- the multitude of starving creatures that I saw in the streets . " "Ogh . " he answered , " you saw nothing ; if you were out about an hour sooner , you'de see them in earnest ; but by the time the coach passes , the poor
cray there that ' s naked are flit , and its only them that has some rags on them that you see . " " "What , " I asked in amazement , " and do you mean to say , that there are others more miserable and destitute than those we passed . " " Ogh , then , I'll engage but if you were coming down with me when I comes to the stables about five , that you ' d think nothing of what you see , as there ' s scores of 'em scampering home , with hardly atather to cover'em , before they'd be shamed be the people going to work . " And where , " said I , " is their home ? " " Wisha , " said he , " wherever the poor craythers can ffnd
a bit of shelter ; but I often wonder , myself , what becomes of them . " " But , " I asked , " have you no poor laws to provide for the destitute ? " " Ogh , we has poor laws to be sure , but all of them that you see has childcr , and the poorest of 'em would rather starve nor give ' em up . " " Well but , " I asked , " are they prostitutes , and have they no fathers ? " " What ' s that ? " he asked . " Why , " said I , " are they bad women . " " Ogh , no , notone of them I'll be bound , the H 00 RS is better off , the devil a oneof THEM 'ii beg , but their husbands is out in sarch of work , and can't get any , as the praties failed , and they trya to get
a morsel for the childer . " " 0 then " I observed , " it is not a usual occurrence , but merely temporary poverty , consequent upon the failure of the potato crop . " " Why , to be sure , " he replied , " that makes it worse , but upon my word , in all parts I go , at all times of the year , I sees plenty of them , but then this is the time when all would have work and a bit to ait , as the praties does be digging , and plentiful . " By this time we had got as far as the County Gaol , a magnificent cut-stone edifice , approached by a splendid entrance , and the land in its immediate vicinity was the most green and rich-looking I had
ever seen , with a river running through it , and which appeared to be covered with thistles , docks , ragweed , and all sorts of filth . Alas , said I , if the inmates of yonder prison-house had been allowed to expend their labour upon the glorious soil within two miles of the metropolis , " and if the amount expended upon the prison had been applied to the erection of cottages , what a much better protection it would be for the properties of those , for invading which many a poor creature is now a branded , and perhaps irreclaimable thief , in yonder ONLY RE . FDGE FOR THE DESTITUTE . I also marvelled
why the merchants' side of the city , to a distance of many miles , should present such a striking contrast with the interior ; and , upon putting the question to the coachman , his only reply was , " O , the quality all lives on the river on the other side . " " What , then" said I , " do the merchants and quality cultivate the land so much belter than the larmer ?" " 0 no , I'll engage the divil a hands turn ever they does , but they buys all the dung in Cork , and spreads it out on the lawns , and keeps it all in meadow and for sheep . " We had now arrived at the foot of a steep hill , when the guard hollowed out " pull up ,
Tim , the gintlemin would like a walk this fine morning , to stretch their legs ; " and very shortly the passengers had all alighted , when I counted twenty-two , most of them , and especially the inside passengers , respectable looking well dressed persons . When we again took our seats , I asked the coachman what description of persons his passengers consisted of , when he replied , ' , " why , your honour , they ' re ^ most of them attorneys going to the sessioas of Bandon , and them inside ia counsellors , the sessions is on to day , " This was a welcome piece of intelligence , as it promised
to afford me an opportunity of forming my own opinion of the administration of Irish jastice , of which I had heard so many conflicting accounts , while the class to which my fellow passengers belonged . solvod the riddle of so much mirth and joyousnes 3 in the midst of so much general suffering , as from their jokes , light-heartedness , and laughter , they , at least , appeared to have escaped the national calamity . We had now reached the half-way house between Cork and Bandon , where we changed horses , an operation of so much importance in Ireland , and which took some time , and during . which the coach was literal ] v
surrounded with masses of famishing , perishing females , -who , with infants tied up in the skirt of an old garment , and , in many instances , one in arms and another or more standing shivering by , solicited charity in the following manner : — "Ogh wisha then may God powr down blessings on your honours heads , and give something to the poor craythures that's famishing with the hunger , and niayyou never know what it is to want . God knows but we haven't a bitthis blessed day to put into the childer ' s mouths , and but their crying with the cowld and hunger . " This touching appeal was responded to by a vulgar
joke from one of the outside passengers , which excitedgenerallaughter , and by the insides by the raising of the glasses . When I had exhausted what change I had , and in return for which I received an ample share of blessings and prayers against want , the appeal to the more hard-hearted was renewed with increased and more piteous implorings as the coach wa 9 about to start , and as before was met with heartless jokes , until all hope [ from further prayers having failed , and as the disappointed expectants moved out of the way , they joined in a general howl ot execration ; " Wisha bad luck to your strols . vo \ i
upstart crew , but I'll be bail as long as there's a bit to be had yees'U not want , but yees are going to Bandon to rob the poor , and the divil go along with yees , but may be it may come to your own turn to want a day ' s mail yet , and then yees il think of the poor I'll engage , when hunger comes to yer own doore ' s ; God Almighty speed yer honour oa the box , and may you never know distress or hunger . " All along the road on the bleak hill side I saw swarms of mud hovels without door or window ,
and which I supposed were intended as shelter for the shepherd and his dog while tending their mountain Socks ; but which , . to my surprise , the coachman informed me were the dwellings of those poor creatures , whoso husbands went in search of work , and constituted the droves of beggars that everywhere assailed passengers for some relief ; in many instances tramping six and seven miles in the hope of avoiding the police and of getting a penny from a coach passenger or a casual traveller . We had now reached Innishannon , a lovely village , pic-
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turesquely situated on the Bandon river , in the mMst of green and beautifully undulating hills , once , as 1 was informed , the seat of the Adderleya , but now the property of a Jew , who became possessed of the whole family estate by feeding its Jatc indolent , but yet worthy proprietor , until the proper time for foreclosing the mortgage and becoming the purchaser . Prom Innishannon to Bandon , tlio road for three miles , the whole distance , is one unbroken level , with the Bandon river running on one side , and an impending wood of oaks upon tho other . At nine pre--cisely we reached Bandon , and stopped to breakfast
at the Devonshire Arms , where , as I purposed remaining for the day to attend the Couvt of Quarter Sessions , I took , up my abode . After breakfast , 1 asked the waiter if there were such a thing as a newspaperto be had , when , to my great delight , he introduced ' me to a smart and spacious reading-room , furnished with all tho London , Dublin , and provincial yapers ; and , as natural in my present character , the first information that I looked for was the English version of . the Irish famine , and when I found the Times disengaged , I took it up , and , to my surprize and mortification , I found its columns
replete with the most ridiculous editorial comments as well as approval of the eonduct of the government being regulated by the strict rules' of political economy with regard to the price of provisions , and further , that in compliance with its harsh and mysterious principles , that the price of provisions had been raised by government in deference to the luvr by which speculation is regulated . The Morning Chronicle having a character for more liberality , 1 hoped to reap some consolation from that source , but was still more mortified to find it advocating Malthusian principles , which , if realized , would
endanger tho Jives of many , and jeopardize the peace of the country in deference to the laws of political economy . I had now in three days eeen and heard enough of Ireland , and the evil genius by . which her destinies are swayed , to induce me to write a faithful history of that unhappy but gifted country and people . 1 had seen enough of Irish middlemen , barristers , and solicitors , and of the feeling of English officers and the English , press to convince me that those powerful agencies , respectively and collectively , had been misused and [ mis-directed , and out ol their abuse had arisen the national character ,
which all would deduce from the evil propensities and barbarous habits of the people . 1 saw that this character was made for them by circumstances over which they had no controul , and as many writers have favoured us with the history of monarchs , warriors , statesmen , and divines , I resolved upon writing a history of the cottage , uninfluenced by tear , favour , or affection , so the reader may expect , at least , a faithful if not a fascinating history of Ireland and the Irish , from an unadorned narrative ot events as they strike me , allowing all to draw their
own conclusions from the facts I shall state ; facts which will illustrate and account for the Irish character ; facts unnoticed by historians , while they constitute the very essence of nationality , but unfortunately , now-a-days , the monaich is the nation ; the ministers are his panueis , parliaments arc his bankers , and the people are his paymasters and slaves . I was informed that sessions business would not commence till 12 , and precisely at that hour I entered the Court house to witness the administration ol' that sacred thing called justice . ( To be continued wetkly . )
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GLORIOUS REVOLUTION IN SWITZERLAND . ;
To comprehend this movement , it may be necessary to remind our readers that the introduction of the Jesuits into Lucerne , and the expedition of the Free . Corps , have created in Switzerland a rarkling animosity between the Protestant and liber il cantons on the one hand , and the Catholic and Conservative cantons on the other , The liberal cantons have , since the expedition against Lucerne , elevated to office some of the most renowned leaders of the Free Covps . ! The Canton de Vaud lias consummated the most ultra-democratic reforms . The Canton of Berne has had a peaceful but democratic revolution ,
which has invested the people with the sovereignty and masterdom of the state . While the liberal cantons . have been thus engaged in founding the reign of democracy , the conservative cantons have been busy in forming a league defensive ( and intended to be , if necessary , offensive ) , against the dreaded attack of the radical cantons . The Radical party throughout Switzerland demand the dissolution of this confederacy ; oi the Conservative Cantons , and during the last session of the Diet four animated sittings were occupied with discussions on the right of the seven Cantons to form a private confederation within the great
confederation—to constitute a new Btate within a state . The decision was rendered null by the vote of the Deputy for Geneva , who remained neutral . The great Council of that Canton having been called on to explain , pronouncd a decree in favour of the seven ultramontane cantons . This bold measure was , it is said , suggested by the French Government , and was adopted in order to diminish the influence of Berne , which is about to become the directing canton . This resolution of the Grand Council of Geneva caused an immense excitement amongst the
population . The Radicals appealed to the people . Immense meetings weve held , and a protest couched in the strongest language was unanimously adopted . The Government ordered the arrest of the printer of the protest , and also the parties whose names were attached to it ; the storm bow became a hurricane . On Monday , the 5 th , the popular asserablieshad resolved , with cries of " Liberty or Death !" to organise the armed people for resistance . Oh Tuesday , the Cth , the attempt to arrest the printer of the popular proclamations was resisted—blood flowed , and the revolution began .
Geneva is divided into three districts . There is the Upper Town , -which consists of the large and handsome hotels of the burgher aristocracy . There is the Lower Town , which is the seat of trade and democracy , with itB streets narrow and its houses lofty . Finally , on the other side of the bridges , there is the Faubourg St . Gervais , the seat of the manufacturing and labouring population . On the evening of the Gth , the inhabitants of St .
Gervais barricaded the bridges . On the 7 th , early these barricades were attacked by the militia , and carried after a heavy cannonade ; but the militia failed in their attempt to make good their footing in the Faubourg . They were , however , still in poshone . The Lower Town joined the insurrection . An auxiliary Radical force from the Canton of Vaud circumstances , on the 8 th the Government—the Council of State—yielded , and gave in their abdication .
The heroic working men of St . Gevvaise fought most nobly . Two hundred cannon shots were fired against the barricades before they were overthrown ; then , however , the militia found the hottest of the fight was only commencing . The moment the militia attempted to enter the faubourg , they were received with a deadly and unceasing fire of small arras from the windows , house-tops , and every spot from whence musket or rifle could be fired . Theoccupation of the faubourg was attempted on two points , but at both the militia were driven back with great loss of life ; the militia were , therefore , compelled to retreat across the bridges . Finally , as above stated , the population of the lower town rose en masse , and the aristocrats , menaced with certain destruction had they longer resisted , were compelled to surrender .
Our readers will understand the important consequences likely to result from this popular triumph , from the following letter from Berne , of the 9 th inst . published in the Constitutionnel : — One hundred and one rounds were fired this morning to celebrate the triumph of the Liberal party in Geneva . Parties foresee in the changes which have just taken place in the richest of the cantons important conseqtiences for the whole Confederation . They are con . vinced that the half voice necessity to complete the majority of the States required to sanction the expulsion of the Jesuits and the dissolution of the Ultramontane
League , will now be secured to them . On the one side Basle-city is agitated by the young generation , which has abdicated tlio prejudices and rancour of the old possessors of the cantons ; on the other side , the existence of the present order ef things in the canton of Priburgh , where the French Liberal party had a decided majority , only holds to a thread . Finally , even at St . Gall , the opposition in the Grand Council only wants one vote to turn the scale , and enable the Federal Diet to settle the important questions which have been pending during the last tyro years to the satisfaction of the popular party .
Glory to the heroes ' of St . Gervais . Glory to the patriots of Genera . Glory and triumph to the democracy of Switzerland ! Interesting intelligence from Italy , Greece , Russia , and the United States , and glorious news from freedom ' s fastnesses in the Caueasus , will be found in our seventh page . We have no room for comment and none is needed to induce our readers to pray for the continued success and glory of the brave Circassians , and the continued ruin and humiliation of the Muscovite miscreant and his slaves .
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O LATEST FOREIGN NEWS . Northern Stab Office , Saturday , October IV . Madrid papers of the 10 th instant , received this morning , are full of the details of the ridiculous ceremonies connected with the Royal marriages . The Eco del Comercio has been sentenced to a new fine of 2 , 000 reals , on a prosecution for having sold some copies of its numbers , of the 7 th , the sale of which had been interdicted by the Government . The Political Chief of Madrid has ordered tlie directors of the theatres to suppress all allusions against the French nation , and which arc so frequently found in Spanish farces . From Switzerland we hear that the news of the dissolution of the Grand Council of Geneva , and of the installation of a Provisional Government , was celebrated at Lausanne by salvos
of artillery . The Journal de VAin , a Conservative newspaper , has the following in a letter from Geneva of the 11 th instant : — " To-day the militia have been dismissed , and the duty of the city is performed by an urban guard in the costume of ' 93 ; blouse , caps , and plain clothes , with red or yellow ribands in their button holes . On Saturday the gates of the city were closed for three hours , during the funerals of the heroes of Saint Gervais . Tho Conservative members of the fallen Government commenced by putting their Jives and those of their families in safety , by gaining the Sardinian or French frontier . The battalions of the Government of Yaud occupy
all the villages on the limits of France , from the Jura to the Lake . The troops of M . Druez hold themselves in reauiness to come to the assistance of their brethren . The Pope has visited Albano , where he was received with the greatest demonstrations of joj by the population-, his reception was , on a small scale , a repetition of his triumph at Rome on the 8 ih of September . On his return to Rome tho road was thronged with multitudes , and the entire population of Rome went out to meet him . The Aix-la-Chapelle Gazette of the 13 th inst . has a letter from Gallicia ( Poland ) stating that Communist printed papers have been disseminated among the people , inciting them to revolt ,
Co $Eatrers & Coros#Oifiittit&
Co $ eatrers & Coros # oifiittit&
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J . L . T . —If fourteen months ago you were" blamed for a bastard child , " and run away from " a certain town , in consequence , it is pretty strong proof you are conscious that you were rightly blamed . You now want to go back to the " certain town" and think that be . cause you have been absent mi > re than 12 months , you are safe against being made to p ; iy for the support of the child . We hope you will find out your mistake . As we never had to run away for bastard children we don ' t know the law ol ' such a case , but we should bo sorry to know that the law could not reach you . A Chartist , Glasgow . —We cannot publish your nnor . y . mous attack upon " A Glasgow Chartist and Police Commissioner . " Accusers should have the manliness to let the people fee who and what themselves are . The "Editor ' s box" at the Northern Star Office is not a Venetian " Lion's mouth . "
T . Eveieiou , Lough borough . —It is preposterous to ex . pect us to look through three or four months copies of the Northern Star to find an obscui'ft paragraph of news respecting a drunken soldier . We beg to assure our correspondent that wo don't know what " waite time , " or " spare time" means . Ir Ant One of the Stab Readers would forward me a Northern Star of Saturday , the Cth of June , 1810 , 1 should feel greatly indebted to him , as I want it for a very particular purpose ; I would return the value of the same in postage stamps , if required . Witham . Chables Fish ,
Wigan . —John Lenagan appeals to the working men of Wigan and its vicinity , to rouse again and rally for the Charter . A Suggestion . —Allow me through the medium of your inTaluable journal , to mnke a suggestion as to the forming of Youths Society in London for the purpjsV of advocating the glorious principles of the People ' s Charter . Youths' Societies have been formed and carried out with grsat energy in the teetotal morement ; and I see no reason why they should not be formed iu connexion with the Chartist Association , for . ill must admit , when the present generation ham pmed away , it will be highly necessary that a youthful generation should be ready to take their place to obtain , or if obtained to defend , the liberty of their
country . Trusting tbat the Chartists generally will take this suggestion into their consideration , I re « main , your obedient serrant , N . Hobinson . We received , on Wednesday evening , a post-office order for the sum of fis . from llexbam , but we are at a loss to know from whom , or for what purpose it is to be applied . ThomA 6 Stbetch We have forwarded your letter to . the Central Committee of the United Trades . Peter Grey , Dumfries . —Received ; shall be attended to T . Gordon desires to let his friends know that although a member , lie is not secretary to tlie Glasgow branch of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society ; and that his address is No . , Taylor-street , corner of stirliugroad .
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Bonkem Y 4 K ce Lctes . —Bftuftwdoft Svmd&y . tn& 27 th of September , by the Rev . Mr . Thompson , Peter Paul , O'Connorville , Bon of John , and Margaret Paul ; both sterling friends to the Charter asd the Land .
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rather anuising case was brought under the notice ot the magistrates of Glossop at the last petty sessions , which presented several knotty points , which rather puzzled the bench in their desire amicably to arrange the matter between tlie parties , who stood in the relative position of father and mother to the object of dispute . It appeared that the illegitimate child , the son of the parties , but who had not been affiliated , had been living with his lather and grandmother for two or three years past , but that the mother had latterly laid claim to the boy , and had removed him frem . the paternal care . The father , after enduring the separation for some time , could no longer sustain its pangs , so he stole the boy nway . Tlie anxious mother forthwith " fetched law , " us it 13 termed in tbia locality , and brought the father before the worshipful bench . The Unlucky swain pleaded very
pathetically to have the boy consigned to his charge , saying it was such a " comfort" to him and his mother . He even offered , in his despair , to marry the mother of the youngster " i' th' morn , " if she would have him , promising to keep both with pleasure , rather than part with his lad ; but the fair one was cruel , alleging , as the reason of her refusal to take him foe better or for worse , that she leared he would abuse her . Under the circumstances , after some deliberation and attempts to bving matters to amicable arrangement . the magistrateCdocided that the parties must have the child alternatively for a month , and provide it with sufficient fond and clothing ; or wliich , indeed , the little urchin seemed to have suffered no lack . They then retired to enjoy themselves at the uoarest public-house , apparently 111 the most approved Darby and Joan ftshion i but we understand they had afterwards a trilling dispute , the father claiming and insisting upon having the boy the first month . — Manchester paper .
A Porte r at the Imperial Hotel , Liverpool , was fined £ 3 , a « d costs iov an assau -l 6 tl P . a respectable married woman , wh » drove late at night to that inn and applied for a bed-room .
To The Members Of The Chartist Co-Operative Lam) Society.
TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAM ) SOCIETY .
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IRELAND . SABKATIVE OF MALCOLM M'GBEGOK .
NO . II . Captain Burford was punctual to bis appointment , and from 9 till 12 , the hour at which he bade me good night and adieu , 1 lad learned more of Ireland and the Irish from a soldier , whose natural feelings of humanity , right , and justice , had not been surrendered to the fashluu of a slavish , profession , than I had gleaned from my fellow passengers , or gathered from political writers or prejudiced tourists .
I have alwayB been averse to the usual mode by which , ill-bred strangers n « pe to bespeak their respectability , by an eternal pulling at the bell , rowing the waiters , and abusing the fare ; and , therefore , my fir « t mjjht at an hotel in a straage country , was divested of the usual incidents that the more bustling meet with , and not unfrequently fabricate . The route pointed out by my friend , imposed upon me the necessity of being ug and ready by six , the hour at which the Western Coach started , aud by which Captain Burford had recommended me to travel the first few milea of my day ' s journey to the residence of the
Rev . Mr . O'Farrell , there being nothing much worthy of my attention till I reached Bandon , a town about 15 miles west of the city of Cork ; and from whence , after the arrival of the coach , I could comfortably manage my iitst day ' s inarch . Upon ordering my bill , I was much astonished at finding the call responded to by " mine host" himself at so early an hour of tlie morning , and I was still more astonished at finding hia charges as extravagant , if not more su than 1 bad been accustomed to at the most expensive hotels at home or abroad , but as the fare and comfort was quite equal to what I had a right to expect , 1
mat . e no remark , I discharged the bill , and satisfied the numerous applcants , even to the beggars that surrounded the coach , like a perfect swarm of competitor 3 , mounted the box , and at the word " allright , " given with a rich Irish brogue , we started . Even at that early hour , every street had an appalling amount of the most squalid and miserable looking creatures that ever my eye beheld , who with anxious look surveyed those who were wending their way to their several daily avocations . The groups for the most part consisted of half-naked lemales , the majority ol whom had an infant tied up in the tail of a tattered
garment , and fastened round the neck , while they groped in the ashes and rubbish thrown from the houses in the middle of the streets , for such fragments of food as might have escaped the notice or have been beneath the acceptance of the cat or dog , and as a crust or bone was discovered by the anxious groper ^ it was wiped and thrust into the hand of the infant , ffitb . a smile and some endearing expression , which the ear could not catch , but which was returned by a ^ ook of something more than thankfulness by the child . My heaxt now became brimiull of sympathy , as 1 surveyed this twilight mendicant population of
a wealthy city , who appeared to cower before the gaze of comparative respectability , and were preparing to make for some pauper haunt to wither as we passed further on , and as the day advanced , they appeared to fly in droveB , where that fellow-feeling which makes us wondrous kind would level distinction and relieve them from scrutiny , and where they may remain unobserved until their hour came for another grope in the ashes from the merchant ' s SINK . When we had passed through the city , my miad was naturally bent upon what 1 had seen , and
the thought struck me , tbat in [ my search after knowledge , such a scene had never been described by tourist , author , or editor , and I reasoned after the f ollowing manner : Historians chronicle the most ridiculous sayings of foolish monarchs , with disgusting precision , and novelists confine themselves to an overwrought description of scenery , and make their heroes and heroines as unlike human nature a « possible , endowing them with supernatural virtues and courage upon the one band , or defaming nature by pourtraying them as monsters and ruffians upon the other hand , thus making some envv virtues which
few possess , and others practice vice which most arc prone to . Surely , said I , the best read historian never could conceive such a state of things aa I have ust witnessed from all that lie has read ; true , h may be able to trace the Jin t > j i >«> ii > , i : Jih t .- '
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are glad to see that the illegal attempt of the Duke of Leeds to shut up the pass to Glen Lui Beg , amid the Cairngorm mountains , has excited so much attention throughout England and Scotland . There has been a growing disposition for some years , 011 the part of the great Highland proprietors , and the English sportsmen to whom they let their shootings , to exclude the people from the mountain paths , to whiuh the people have as clear a right as any landlord lias to his estate . Fortunately , this last attempt ofthu Duke of Leeds , and the odd defence made for it by the duke and his eccentric friend , Mr . Gramley Berkeley , have jmt matters in such a train as will bring the question to a speedy issue . The JDukc of Athol , imitating hia southern compeer , has , it seem * ,
determined to close Glen Tilt , which he has no more right to do than any Mr . Smith or Mr . Jones of London has to take possession of the best bedroom or drawing-room of Dunkeld house . These great Nimrods have yet to learn the great fact , that in the eyes of the law their fondly cherished deer are not " game , " but " vermin , "—a fact which was very clearly proved , not many months ago , to the greaD discomfiture of a Itoss-shire laird , whose deer were very summarily despatched by a lowland farmer , now settled , in lioss-shire , in whose turnip fields they had made depredatiuns more extensive than welcome , They have yet to learn au equally indisputable fact , that no landlord has any right of exclusion over the wilderness . Waste land , if not free for the plough and the spade , is free for the foot ; at
least , there are very good lawyers who maintain so , and any doubts that may exist upon the question will soon be sec ; it rat . The right of way is in England u right most dear to the people—a right which the common law has ever enforced . One Joha Lewis , a brewer , 01 ' Richmond , tried this right against the influence of tho whole Royal Family of England , and beat it truimpbantly . The Princess Amelia , daughter of George III ., was ranger of the Royal Park nt Richmond , and thought fin to shut up a loutway that had been used by tlie inhabitants from time immemorial . Her father and all his court supported her . The brewer , backed by the people of Richmond , resisted the opression ; and after a long suit , vexatiqusly defended , won the cause . Tno Scottish law is not less clear and decisive . If there is not public spirit enough in the few Highlanders yet left amid the magnificent glens and mountains of Perth and Aberdeenshire to resist these autocratic
dear preservers , there is sufficient amongst the tourists of England and other parts of the world to try the point . It will not be difficult to found an association for the preservation of the rights of way , and to depute half-a-dozen sturdy pedestrians next , seasou to force the passes , if need be . We fancy the dukes and their gamekeepers will be rather shy of laying forcible hands upon any pedestrian sent upon such a mission ; and we would advise the instant formation of a society for this very purpose . It will be well supported , and funds will not be wanted for a cause so noble . We invite the ca-operation ot Bight-seera , of the admirers of the grand and tlie beautiful in nature , as well as of the frieilda of popUiar rights , in this cause- Such a society would soon bring the dukes to reason , and show them that what . Royalty could not do for a lew acres of ground in Surrey , aristocracy shall not do for whole counties in Scotland . —Glasgow Argus .
Appeal Case . —Masikr and Servasx . —At the conclusion of the Perth Circuit Court , on Thursday , their Lordships met to hear appeals . The only one of public interest involved a question as to the duties of tarm servants . The tenant of a farm adjourning the Loch of the Lowes , betwixt Dunkeld and Malree , had been wont to cut the grass growing on the banks of , iiud to some distance in the loch . For this purpsse the persons employed have to wade into the water up to their middle , and remain in that state lor some hours daily , uutill tho whole is finished . The servant , hired at a previous term , according to the practice of the place , fell to perform this duty ; which ho did one day , but having been informed that a person simmilarly employed at tho place sonic
years beiore ha < l been drowned , he refused to recommence next day , and was thereupon dismissed . The man brought an action against tho master , before the Sheriff Court , and the Sheriff-substitute , confirmed , on appeal by the Sherritf-Deputy , found in favour of the servant , on tho ground , principally , that the work in question was out of the ordinary routine of farm work , and had not been specially stipulated for upon engagement ; as also that , it was dangerous to the health , if not also to the life , and that , proper means should havo boen applied to perform the service whh less hazard in both inspects . The judges ( Moncreiff and Ouckburu ) entered at , considerable length into the question , and tint Ininier appended a long note explanatory of the pi-minds upon which he sustained the decision in favour of
the servant . At the Masciikstrh Quarter Sessions on Monday , the recorder expressed his regret to find a very . reat mcre . iee in the average number of prisoners for trial .
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RECEIPTS OP THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVIT LAND SOCIETY . ' PER MR . O'CONNOR . " SECTION No . 1 . _ . SHARES . . ' £ . 1 . d . Birmingham , per "W . Thorn .. „ „ 0 18 C Cheltenham , lier W . lcaQh „ ,. „ 1 i 6 3 sumlerlaiu ] , per H . Haincs .. .. .. 0 10 0 Leicester , per Z . Astill .. .. .. . 2 0 0 Georgie Mills , per W . Median .. .. 2 0 Ki < dermuister , per 6 . Holloway .. .. 5 0 0 Olilham , pfer W . Unmer 1 17 S Alva , per J . Robertson ' „ „ ,. 13 8 Ashton-under-Lyne , perB , UobSOn " . ' . ' . 0 11 6 Manchester , per J . Murray .. „ ,. 12 16 9 Liverpool , pei ' . J . Arnold „ , " t ] 0 4 9 £ 28 18 J 3
SECTION No . 2 . : SHARES . Maidstone , per TV . Corner .. .. .. 0 11 8 Clackmannan , per G . Patterson 14 « Stockport , per T . Potter - ^ « Birmingham , per W . I horn I ] - „ Cheltenham , per W . Leach 2 l . 0 Sunderluml , pw K . Haines * « « Norwich , per A . Bagshaw •> •• ££ •> Paisley ; per J . Lithnow 5 is--o Dundee , per Jt . Kidd .. « - | * J g Peterborough , per E . A . Seoley .. » f J 2 Alva , per Iloburtson .. •• " * . * J \ slitun-undcr . l , ync , per B . Hobson .. » £ * « Manchester , per J . ' Murray .. •• ° , 2 Broylsden , per Do J » { ? Liverpool , per J . Arnold * ° £ 41 1 6 § H ^ K ^^ a ^ mna
PER GENERAL SECRETARY . SECTION No , 1 , SHAKES , £ S . d . £ 8 ;
SECTION No . 2 . —»—Lambeth - - 0 1 C Thos . Lee - - 0 10 0 Glasgow - . 486 Edinburgh - -190 Teiijiimouth - - 2 17 i Westminster- - 0 15 2 Silverthowe - . 020 Keniltvurtli , Wan . Carrington - . 12 4 uerton - - . 2 12 i Mr . Harney - . 010 J . Manii - - 1 . 0 0 Sir . Goddnvd- . 0 1 ( 1 0 Perslwre - -018 R . Harris and Son . 0 10 0 Perth - - -10 0 J . Piitterton - - U 10 O Sliiney Row - - 0- 5 6 Mold - - - 0 9 G Leamington - - 2 8 6 Lane End - - 0 G 0 Newton Abbott - 4 10 10 Camberwcll - - 0 10 0 Somers Town - 2 . 0 0 F . York - - - 0 2 6 T . R . Kodburn -030 Nottingham - - 0 2 0 Finsbwy - - 1 13 8 Aberdeen - - 0 13 4 Sleaford- - -050 B . Jackson , Calais . 5 4 0 Brass Founders ' BouluiiRe - . 10 0 Anns - - - 3 10 2 Tlios . Baughan - 0 10 8 - £ 43 ^ 8 _ * ¦ MHMMUM
TOTAL LAND FOND . Mr . O'Connor , Section No . 1 ... 28 18 3 Mr .: Whce ! er „ „ ... 24 19 9 £ 53 18 0 Mr . O'Connar , Section No . 2 ... 41 1 8 $ Mr . Wheeler , „ „ ... 42 S 4 £ 83 10 01 jmmmmaiaam
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EXECUTIVE . PER MR . O ' CONNOR . A . Watson , Walsingham ., .. .. 010 RECEIPTS OF NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . PER . GENEKATi SKCRETART * Sheffield . - 0 5 « J . Allert , J . White , Brighton - . 030 Robert Lawsou , Iferthyr , per Mor- J . Hole , Leamgan - - . 020 ingtou- - -040 ¦ VETEBANS , WIDOWS , AND OltPHAN ' S FUNDS . Brighton - - O 5 9 Edinborough- -0 * 7 ERRATA . Tho sum acknowledged from Lituehouse last week should have been , second section . £ 213 s . 3 d ., first section , Gs . Gd . ; the 5 s . acknowledged from Littleton for National Charter Association should have been for Victim Fund ; the sum of 15 s . Gd . acknowledged Oct . luth in the name of Firth should have been Perth . N . B . From several impor tant places ' I have not yet received returns of the number of their members , they must be immediately sent . T . AT . Wheeler , Secretary .
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^ jfc ^ Jf ^ . . ^ Tlk , -. -jLief-- * ' ¦ iC ^^ J- ' AM ) MTIQNAL TRADES' JOURNAL ,
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VOL . IX . NO . 470- LONDON , SATURDAY , OCTOBER . 24 , 1846 ~~ ^ ' ^ »™ i «« « ,. " ¦ : Five Shilling * a . tn | Sivi > cuc « \ n \ v 4 ( tin . vie " " — " ¦ ¦ ' ... —
The Shutting Up Op Highland Passes..-—We
The Shutting up op Highland Passes ..- —We
Cnild Stolen By Its Own Father. — A Novel And
CniLD Stolen by its own Father . — A novel and
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 24, 1846, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1389/page/1/
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