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"And I will war , at least in wards , ( And—should my chnnce so happen—deeds , ) With all who war with Thought !" » I think I hear a little bird , who sings The people byaadby will be the stronger . " —Btkos .
REVELATIONS OF AUSTRIA . * NO . IV . ( Continued from the Xorthem Star of February 6 th . ) There arc three classes of public functionaries in Austria ; firstly , the " Kaiserial , " who are paid out of the Kaiser ' s treasury ; secondly , the Urban , or civic functionaries , who are paid from the town treasury ; and , thirdly , tiie Dominical functionaries , who are hired and paid by the landholders . In one respect the Austrian despotism acknowledges an equality unknown to the "free constitutional" go-Ternmcnt of Great Britain . Offices and ranks artgranted in the civil , military , and ecclesiastical departments , without regard to either nobility or obscurity of birth or fortune , the personal qualification of the candidates being only regarded .
Venality and . corruption prevail amongst the Austrian functionaries , ( the Russians , however , tar out-rival them in this respect ); even Metternich was in the }> ay of the Tsar Alexander , who paid him , it is ! said , a million ot roubles * annually . Alctternich ' s real name is Ochsenhausen , he is a native of Westphalia , belonging to an obscure family . Tue Kaiser Franc ' n created him Prince Metternich , and the mercenary German papers give out that Alettunich is of an aucient princely family . Here are some painful revelations concerning THE ArSTiUS ABUT .
The Austrian army is recruited , by conscription . To tins effect * Adrian Poland is divided into twelve distncts . Oa the secon . ' of January JJ «* commission , composed of tiro subaltern officers and three orfoar corporals or so ditrS , wtitCTS f £ « h , * f to « ii , burgh , or village of their district , and havininvited to its assistance the clergyman of the pl ace as iri-li as the burgomaster and tbe representative of the seie norial proprietor , it proceeds to the conscription The clergyman is obliged to carry with him the register of births , deaths , or marriages . All male individuals from the age of seventeen :. nd epwards are obliged to present themselves in persun before the commission . The father of the famil y must appear to declare the changes which hare taken place in his famil y since the preceding year , the proprietor t « gire an account of his tenants . All individuals fi : ttd for military service are designated in a column of the conscription-books .
The officer OI the military district sends a copy of this census 10 the . circle , and mak « g a report to the commanding general at Leopol . The circle aga a makes its report to the Gubtrniura which distributes the recruits b > cades , and orders and fixes the night fin- seizing the ricraits , which is the same for the whole pruviuce . The circles make the repartition of the recruits bv towns and villases , and orders t ! ie burgomasters and dominical jnrisd : etions to commence on the njVht fixed by th * Guberoium . All these orders are transmitted wth the greatest secrecy .
The evening of the night fixed upon , the burgomasters an * lord * summon all the police agents , emplou-s , spies police soldiers and often solditis of the regular armv and at mMni $ ht , when everybody is asleep , the recruiter * ' divided into several bands , disperse , surround the houses and break open the doors , and if they are not directly opened , cam- away the mm discovered , tie them with cord , and bear them off to prison . The recruiters are furnished with sledge hammers to bre . il : open she doors , with bludgeons to strike their prev if it should : nake any resistance or attempt to defend it = * lf . According to the bcfthl or command of 1628 only the men of from tes to thirty art subject to the military Scrrice in a time of peace . During a period of war men are drawn up to the age of fiftj years . The victims are
tamed to the office of the circle , where a mixed conimission , composed of a commissary of the circle , two mili . tary oScers , and a doctor of the regiment . measure , exam : ne , and only select the finest , most robust and youngest . Kotnithstanding that the number of recruits is filed ] tte bnrgomasurs and lords are obliged to present before the commission all martitd or unmarried men up to the a ; e of thirty years , because the commission has a right to choose , and they cannot know beforehand how many will buy thrmselves out of the service , for it is permitted uptime of pea ' c-e to pay 300 florins ( £ 30 . ) to the Kaiser , phoa ! or . *; hks the ri ght to find substitutes , which he does by imjre » sit ;» other young men who cannot pay the ransom money . The night of carrying off the recruiti 13 truly a St . Bartholomew ' s night .
During days succeeding this night nothing is heard in tbe houses , streets , and roads , but the sobs and lamenta . tions of nothtrs , fathers , wives , and children , who fol . low in cars the Imperial Sbriri who are leading away their children , husbands , and fathers . Their lamentations are not -surprising—the conscri pts art then carried into a foreign country , into Grrraany , Italy , or Hungary . They are subjected to a barbarous discipline , and ill . treated by the Gmnan officers and corporals whose lanj . jage they do not understand . The German language is the language of military Cemmand fortbe wholearmy composed of eleven-twelfths Of Poles , Hungarians , Italians , Bohemians , Ac ., < fcc . ani one-twelfth Germans , Here is a revolting account of the horrible ACiTaUV VILITAKT PCXISHSTEST 3 . The military punishments are , Utl y , blows with th « stock upon the bjck ; 2 ndiy , beating on the bare Vack and : Jrdiv . dejtli .
The lieutenant has a right to administer to the soldier ' Landskneiht for the slightest insubordination , and with . ' cut any sentence , twei . ty-five blows of the stock or cine I given bj a single corporal . i The captain has a right to administer thirty blows of ! the / stock by two corporals , and in the presence of the ! CuKipaiiy . i The j-uaUhment takes plaee in the middle of a pub- j it ; place during market or fair time , and with a presa ibid ceremony . ! Firstly , the culprit carries the bench himself , places j rnmsrlf before the company , and lays himself on thii I fceech at the command cf the officer . j Secondly , two corporals nre ordered out of tha ranks , and place themselves one to the right , and one to the kit of the extended laudsknecht . i
Ti » ey sxemine -whetiier his thighs are covered with i anything more than drawers , and proceed to exicutii . u . At the word of command , the corporal at the left of tht ' wimiaal strikes the first blow , and one or two minutes atter the corporal on . the right , ulternattl y - , after each ' blow they wait at least a minute or two , in order that : the culprit may have time to feel and suffer , and that the j thislis may swell and bleed ; the officers of the com pany superintend tht execution , and cry , strike well , ( hau zu . ) '< The execution lasts about three quarters of an hour . \ After the twentieth blow strips of the drawers and ' thighs are often seen te fall . Formerly they struck on the cloth trowsers that the soldiers wear , but the Kaiser Francis , called by the Germans , the father of his country , ( Landesrater , ) ordtr < d them to strike on the drawers by way of " economising the trowsers , and that the blows should be better lelt . "
BUSSING THE GArXTLET . I Desertion and other serious offences are punished by ' running tbe gauntlet . The roWitr condemned b y a court i mania' to this punishment is stripped to the hips , and | compelled ts pass and repass ten , fifteen , twenty , or \ thirty times , through one or several battalions of infan- ! try . , ranged in iw- > lines , face to face ; the space between ' ¦ the two lines is tbree or four paces broad . Each soldier ' furnished with a willow stitk , strikes the culprit as he ' Kisses , with his whole might , on the bare back . | As a precautionary measure the soldiers are furnished with several sticks in case of their breaking . If the un . ' fortunate faints and cinnot any longer proceed , he is ! then laid on a bench , and the soldiers passing and re- ; passing at the ordinary step strike him as he lies . j If he die under the blows , which often happens , ( as 1 : personally witnessed in 1 * 08 and lSG'J , ) they strike the ' ) body until the number of blows are completed . ;
After passing a few times the length of a battalion , ' composed of frvm tight hundred ! o a thousand men , the i tiesh of the back falis off in pieces , and very often the en . trails protrude through tbe lacerated sides . The punishment of death is executed by han ^ s ' tor civil , and by shooting for military crimes . Re- ! peated desertion is punished by death . Here is an : aSecting picture of ! A MCBtEEED DESEBTEB , HIS WIFE AND CHUDHEH . I _ In ISm or 1809 I saw a Hungarian woman who came j irom the interlur of Hungary with her three children , the I H-sstot whom might be six or seven jeats sf aee and ' the jou ^ gest still at the breast , four or five mouths old j this unfortunate woman hoped by her preeence to soften Aujtnan cruelty , excite ihe pity , and obtain the pardon of her husband , a deserter , but she was mistaken , he had beer , shot she threw herse . f on the still waim bo 3 y of her husband filled the air with her cries , called him bv hisi name ,-Paul dear Paul ! " shook the body , and opened I its mouth , thinking to awaken and recal It to life i
Two or three hours after she expired , her lips g ' lued or I rather frczen to the mouth of her husband ' The thUd at the brea = t followed tbe fate of its moth-r ! Ontba : day the snow fell ] in such abundance that the turee bodies were quite covered towards t * o o ' clock in ' J ^ t afternoon . Nobody dare assU the wife or childrei . m the cruninal-every one being afraid of drawing duwn ! fte we of the paternal government . I inw »« " ? - M- ' P aramonrit ' eTCH common soldiers * roav murder civilians . j rhI * Ser 8 ' - T are ol ) ll K ed t 0 uncever before a sentinel , to j v ^ ' * hLout hesitating , his criers , en pain of being ' •'• ' ¦ cr uilied by the bayocet . Tbe sentinel is thus made
¦ ¦ - iccijl ufe master , —your judge and executioner , — , 1 JCI •> ht > m there is co appeal . Woe betide jos , there- j ] 'T ' ' / pa 8 E alone tef ° re a sertinel whom you have j •^ . « i . fl Jims you , and } soys afterwards rhat ; OU ) ^ - ¦ - min ting : u respect towards him . Such sanguinarv I ? V ' ; , * M 5 fca PPeu often iji GaUicia , but it is forbiddea J ih ^ ib <> Ut Cr P nbUil 1 thenl in ^ newspapers— i \ L ? i Sa * -t 6 f jmttilD « at Vienna . According to «« ¦^ arjur ., Cniv&Ml pazetle ; of the ICth of February » ' . »> o . 4 T , the Austriaa senriatln have Wiled bv rua ^• JtW ouc . i . ip . ashcrt ipsce of tiae , five ptrs «« i WUti '
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January this year , with a . view of promoting the objects ot this society , relative to the restoration of Poland , was , in accordance with the Royal decree of 7 th March , 1846 , by order of the undersigned General , placed before a court martial on the 30 th of January , by which he was unanimously condemned to be shot , for having , with arms in his hands , made a murderous assault upon an ufli .-er of justice . Durinpthe execution , all the troops of the garrison formed an open square towards the cannon shed . The prisoner was led out in front of this building , and a - .. - ¦ . . - ¦
section of infantry , consisting of twelve men , navinu been ordered forward , took up their position at a distance of five feet from him . His eyes were then bandaged , and he had hardly knelt down before his breast was pierced by twelve balls . lie fell without a groan . During the trial BabiusUi seems to have revealed very little , so that it is not yet decided whether the name put forward is the true one . Tlie prisoner died without having betrayed the least weakness ; on the contiaiy , lie repeatedly saluted the people who followed the procession to the Kanonenpliitze .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . By the arrival of the Yorkshire , from New York , and the Fairfield from Charlcstown , we learn that in the senate , on the 15 th , the bill for an appointment of a lieutenant-general was defeated by a majority ot 23 to 21 . The bill for increasing the army was still under consideration . The ways and means have at length reported a bill authorising an issue of twenty-three millions of treasury notes , with the privilege of funding in a twenty years' loan at G per cent . The United States naval forces had captured a town called Lacuna , and in the province of IVbasco , wherein w « re some c » nnon and munitions of war . As a set off atjnirnt this success , the Mexicans had recaptured a small port in Upper California , called Los Angelos . The Americans stood a sieze of mx days ; at last capitulated to General Flores , on the 30 th of September .
General Santa Anna is declared by the new concress duly elected . President of the Republic of Mexico . The Mexican papers convey the impression that San Luis is to be the gnat battle-ground "f the w . ~ r .
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THE BOILER MAKERS OF WOOLWICH AND DEl'TFORD , AN ' D THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UMTED TRADES . Tbe boiler makers of this district with a deputation from the " Land of Promise Lottee , " Lambeth , met at the Sliipand Billet Tavern , Woolwich-road , Eas ; Greenwich , on Monday evening , the Sth Feb ., to hear the principles and objects of the National Association of United Trades , for the protection ol Industry r . r . d the employment of Labour , explained by Messrs . " Green and Robson , a deputation from the Central Trades Office . Mr . Jessy Caswell wa 3 unanimously called to the chair and said , he had very great pleasure in pre ? iiling over so important a meeting . lie had much pleasure in introducing Mr . Green . Mr . Green , —( cheers )—said he was most happy to
find the Uades at last takwg steps m the light direction . The boiler makers of Glasgow aid other places had already given in their adhesion to the National Association , lie and hU colleague had a ' so addressed a very numerous meetinn of boiler maker * at Limehoii 3 e , about a fortnight since , which meeting had expressed their confidence in the principled and objects of the Associations . He believed that all trades would be benefitted by a National Combination . He knew there were some masters who would not concede to the men the right of combination . The master * . ' organ , the 77 » i « , contended for what they were pleased to denominate "Free Labour , " now thai paper had not had a unionist employed on its establishment for the l » 3 t quarter of a century
No wonder then , that it desired " Free Labour . Ii masters and men were placed on an equal footing , he would not object to this , but masters had capital or accumulated labour to fall back on , whilst the men if thrown out of employ for any length of time , had nothing but hunger , wretchedness , rags , and destitution , and hence the necessity of that natural protection , called combination . National Organization was better than sectional or local union , from its tendency and means of creatin ? . a powerful mind in the working community , as he regretted to say that ignorance still prevailed to an alarming extent on subjects that vitally affected them . Local leaders had failed to place all trades on one general footing , and to teach the doctrine that "All men arc
brethren ; " it was only through national combination that agents could be employed and supported . The best proof of the efficiency of national organization was the declaration of masters , "that they did not mind their local unions , but that they hated the meddling of monster national associations . " ( Hear , hear . ) Why did not employers mind local associations , simply because when they were overstocked vith goods , they could offer a reduction of wages , and thu 3 throw the men on their narrow resources and exhaust them , and when business got brisk again they offered the old prices , and the men went to work . By such means they rendered local or mere sectional unionn powerless . Local unions had unfurtuuately not exhibited much wisdom in their
proceedings , they had not calculated the chances of failure previous to striking , and hence tho result not unfrequently wa 3 the expenditure of some £ 70 , 000 or £ 30 , 000 , and that too without any beneficial result . In their National Association a careful calculation of chances was made , and if the time was not propitious , the strike was delayed until a more favourable opportunity . Again , national union was iar preferable , in consequence of the facility with which they could create funds , with their organisation it would be easy to raise £ 100 , 000 , which would place them in the proud position of conquerors , and
enable them rightly to employ their labour , and after a strike waa won leave them in possession of articles of worth for sale , which would realise a handsome profit on their outlay , and it would be much easier and far less costly for the men to trade than the masters , as they would not require splendid travelling equipages , or magnificent mansions for residences , —{ Hear , hear . ) Mr . Green then feelingly alluded to the case of oppression of the Waninyton engineers , by the tyrant capitalists of Newton-in-the-Willews , and said , national association for mutual protection was the sure and only preventive of such inhuman scenes . Their first association wasliterullv
a tiade ' s union , its members subscribing at the rate of two pence per pound on their average earnings , and received support according thereto , when necessity required . The second society was a joint-stock comp-my , in which the first association held numerous shares , and through which means they could set any trade to work that required it . ( Applause . ) He would now conclude , leaving his friend Robson to give any further explanation required , being at the same time perfectly ready and willing to answer any question that might bo submitted to him . Mr . Green resumed his seat amidst the most rapturous applause . Mr . Robson , having invited questions from all interested , proceeded to sav that their respected
secretary ( Mr . Maenamara ) at the Limehouse meeting put him in possession of a most valuable suggestion , showing how easy it wns to start and support a concern to set the boiler makers trade at work . ( Cheers . ) He now held a document in his hand"Combinationsdefended /' showing what an immense amount had been spent in paying people to walk about the streets . If we possessed those funds now , we would not content ourselves with walking about the stretts , ' but 1 build streets , aye , and in each house have a boiler and an oven , and thus woui'i they calculate their value—so much for the land on which they were built , so iuueh for materials , so much for labour , and adding five per cent , interest on the outlav and that would be the cost of the houses . And
think you the median cs would not sooner live in their own houses —( loud cheers )—and then , should another Manchester strike take place , and Mr . Holmes come and say , I want your labour , the answer would be—Wait a while ; stop until we have finished our own street . ( Loud laughter and great applause . ) He calculated , under such circumstances , Mr . Holmes would be banpy to abide by tho arbitration of even a poor journeyman shoemaker or carpenter . ( Hear , hear . ) In a short time their associations would be in the proud position of being able to accomplish any thing in reason . He would now proceed to show what might be done for the boiler makers . Start a factory , let them appeal to the publican , through him to the brewer , and teil them in a voice of thunder , that unless they employ you , the journeymen boiler makers , that the trades ol England will drink none of their beer —( Great
cheering)—and it any of the masters should venture under such circumstances to turn a man out , they might make a foreman or ovcrster of him , and thus laugh at the evil genius of the capitalists . A iactory nii ^ ht be established for boiler makers as easy as cloth might be obtained to employ the tailor , or leather to employ the . coidwainer . ( Loud cheers . ) Depend on it the only way to solve the great labour question is to create capital and employ ourselves . ( Much applause . ) The ruonator evil ' . \ as competition—dislic nest competition , and he contended that all honest and virtuous masters ( it any such tfcere were ) would support a national combination in support of such gloriou > object * . A natior : al combination wou'd create a home trade , instead of a foreign one , enable theui to make slices . clotLes , &c , tor themselves instead of for otliera , aiM save ' . he axnenae or' transit acioistUfcoceaa . ( Cheeitt . j Mr . tlobsoti sat uewn much applauded .
Mr . Tracy de . * i .-iu tn ksMw wnat ' jeneftt he should derive iu the event of a strike " ¦ Mr . Robeon ; As an indivtiiun ! jou canmvS jou " : tr . e Association for \ h < t Pruteetiou « c Industry , but yon can hold shares iu thft Joint St « : k Company tec the Employment ot ' about . Mr . Tracy , ; Suppose wo wisli to strike , should we be compelled to give notice oi i ; to tlw A * $ e &-ttua '
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Mr . Robson ; 1 es , you wishg to have support from the general association in the event of a strike h ™ ° n 8 ? f 3 S : iry in ordm t 0 « ive the association ' ™ opportunity of employing arbitration between Unemployed and the employers ( and arbitration ha-Been lound generally vm beneticial ) , and further • ^ 1 al i tlli & n ' *»« ry lhal thli > - should fc ««» i- i ' * i tlle me : llis of saining iln .- obj-.-ct lor wnifii the stnke was contemplated before the strike too piace . am ] whicii invariably proved the guarantee of success . " thJi ^ uKV-fi'V .- pemiive ( I tliatnn article in he ni-ixininm , > ¦ imnwn " Uilli »«* ' we ' a * ine maximum relid or snonort allnwr . l now sumo i . i
" 1 K 3 T "P ""!* « f * 8 per week couhl the Mi . Mi to aPP' -oxininte more closely ? none of J , ? W i ' en tLo Association was formed I'lmH 8 Cnle w « s adopted , and as the Central sS , ! Sh « cuut ' ™ bud ,, that «» le nn , st htaiid until the nextConJeioi . ee , when it would be in their power fc j send a delegate , and he had no doubt the scale would be so arranged as to meet the case ot the boiler makers . dcwtJtfoni I * ' ° rmation ' ' ¦ ! avive totlie l !! aUt ; r " fit n £ Z - ttbll f" Ik ' wislie { 1 co «*»«"" i (' . I' •< " » SeU ™ tcta rr , UntU theUme ««» r « oulusend tave a , bitratn ? rCI 1 C 0 ' would t h' - bo entitSe . 1 to teT ^^ ss sxjii
tlie nmam v . a » , we will submit for / ome me ' be SSva « Ce Umikmsthis ^ giving mSel , an Mr . Robson said there never was a case in whicii the ayricved party did not accompany the dentation of arbitration to the imployer . The apgtievcd laity , of course , understood ihe technicalities of ihutradn , the men of other trades fWniiiif , ' the deputation were invariably best calculated tonrrango with the employer . As to the other portion of Mr . Jiffrics observation , their great strength lay in calculating theirpower , and it they had not at the limn the means of success , waiting until they had , therefore making failure almost impo- < sib . e . Mr . Jtffrics expressed himself satisfied . Mr . Whe ' an , wished to know if they joined tinassociation as a trade , if an individual afterwards joined their . society would lie bo compelled to wait six months before he could receive anv benefit ?
Mr . Uobson said it was iiecrssary that societies should contribute to the fumi before they derived any advantage from it , hence their ruie wa . s six months to a society , any individual joining the free society three mnnths . They had , under extraordinary I ' ircurastanccs , rendered aid by loan , deputation , Ac , at the expiration of a fortnight , an-l under similar circumstances mi ^ -ht ai-ain . " ( Hear , hoar ) Mr , Whelan wished to know if their members decreased would they have t . make up tlu- dtticicmy ¦ 1 ' contribution from the funds ot their society ] Mr . Robson . —No ; a ru : itiin <; account is kept , and allowance made for either decrease or increase ol rn embers . Mr . Short . —Supposing he was placed witb an inelh ' cient man . and thus compelled to strike , wmiid 1 r . under such circumstances be entitled to support 5
Mr . Uobson . —Supposing you to he a free member , mo 3 t decidedly you would , and such support would he rendered you from the moment you turned out . Mr . Jeffries asked , would it be necessary to make application to the Ccntnl Committee through their secretary , if they required assistance ? Mr . Robson answered in the affirmative . Mr . Whelan said , other circumstances besides reduction of wages sometimes led to strikes , in mcli casts , would they receive support ?
Mr . Robson . —Most certainly ; there were such things as too many apprentices kept , which was as effective in reducing wages as tho cut direct . Mr . Robson here took occasion to censure severely the Weekl y Dispatch for its article on the Ten Hours Bill , nad said , shortening the hours of labour was an excellent means of employing the unemployed , and raisin ? wages , which he illustrated by the case of the Sheffield men , who now got more wages for eight houis ' labour than they previously obtained for sixteen hours . ( Great applause . ) Mr . William Crabbs wished to know , as they would not be free for sis months , suppose a strike took place in the mean time , and a portion of tbe men returned to work , without the object for which they struck being « aincd , and without ike consent of tli ' e . society , would these men be received as members ol the association .
Mr . Robson—Decidedly not . ( Loud cheei' 3 . ) He begged them to understand that the associations did not interfere in the local affairs ot ' any society that might join them . Air . Jeffries wished to know , in the event of a strike taking phec , and the union men liringin <> other men out with them who were not five , would they be supported , seeing they came out for trackpurposes ? Mr . Robson said such was the general usage ot trades societies , and in ordsr to illustrate what they would do , he would suppose them to be shoemakers well they received Is . per pair , the Association wouicl givo Is . Id . pev pair , and interest would be sure to lead them in the right road . ( Cheeis . )
Mr . Whelan then moved — " That the boiler nuikers now present have heard with pleasure the statements of Messrs . Green and Robson , and a e decidedly favourable to the principles of the Associations for the Protection of Industry and the Einpl- yment of Labour , and hereby recommend their brethren throughout the kingdom to hear the same explained , and judge for themselves . " A . member seconded the motion , which was carried unanimously , Mr . Thomas Mann moved , in a very complimentary speech , the following : — " That our thauks ai « eminently due , and are hereby given , to Mr . Edmund Stallwood , the reporter to the "Northern Star , " as well as to the editor and proprietor of that Journal , for their able advocacy of the interests ot the working classes . "
Mr . Whelan seconded the motion , which was eloquently supported by Messrs . Robson and Green , and carried amid the loudest acclamations of applause . Mr . Stallwood briefly acknowledged the compliment . A vote of thanks was awarded to Messrs . Green and Robson for their attendance , and a similar compliment was paid to the Chairman , and the nieetini : dissolved . DAVENTItY SHOEMAKERS .-For the last three years , with but few intermissions , the Journeymen ShoemakersefDaventry , have been struggling without ' employers to maintain a fair remuneration for our lahour , and whilst there remained an increasing demand for it , we could partially effect our purpose , this having
ceased to be tlie c&se , we ore left to submit to the iron arm of oppression , or exercise the only yrerogative left , viz .. "Take ouv own attain into our own hands ., " We have chosen the latter , lly a small weekly contribution we have accumulated a few pounds with which we have commenced ( of course in a small way ) a manufactory of » ur own , thereby fulfilling tl : e old maxim which says , " Virtue thrives best beneath a burden . " Knowiiiu we have still lnsny difficulties to contend with , we take the liberty to request the insertion of this letter in the Xorlhdn Star , in the hope that your many valuable coirt-snontlints . someonu nil bopuilunlhrupbic enough to throw some lij < ht on the system we ? . ru attempting to earrj out . We hope that very many shopmatc-s will " g « and do likewise . "—Comsii ( nuUnt .
SUBSCRIPTIONS . TO THE EDlTOlt OF THE " SOKTUEhN STAlt . " Sir , —As usefulness appears tu be the peculiar provincc of your pap ' .-r , and to do goyil tlie delight of its mlitor , we lio , je we shall not apply in vain for the insertion of the following list of subscriptions for the bunetitot the family of the late John Oilily ; forwh'cii along vtiih tht ; grateful thanks of the" widow and orphans , we bi-g to exprcs our gjateful acknowledgments , and the same to the A ' ortfceiii Star . ¦ — West End Hoot Maker-, by Mr . W . Stewart , XI Itis . 4 d . ; Ditto , Uarrup-of-IIoby ' s meeting , £ 1 Ss . ; Ditto , Messrs . J . Clark and G . Guiming , £ 1 8 s . ; West End Ladies SlioemttUm , by Mr . J . Smythes , £ es . 3 d . ; City Boot Makers , Vy Mr . Wi-. i . Sett , 2 nd Divisien , £ ¦> $ . Gs . ; Ditto , Mr . Woodman , :. lr
Division , £ 3 4 ^ Ditto , Mr . Smith , 4 th Division , &i 14 s . Id . ; Ditto , Mr . Bellingham , 5 th Division . 17 s lid ; From the Employers of the City , £ ¦> 13 f » l ; INmzunce , 3 s ; Dorking , Is ; Stafford , 5 s 11 J ; Dover , 10 i . Ud ; Leeds , Ti ; Shuerness , 4 s 3 d ; Maidstone , lls ; Mr . Thompson ol Maiilsioue , 3 s ; Xuttingham , IDs ; Chatham , ISs ; Green , with IDs ; Collected by Mr . Knight , Grinder , £ ' - ' I 3 s Old ; Ditto by Mr . iloync , Orinder , iL ' s 5 d ; Ditto , Mr . Burton , Grinder , £ 1 y 6 d ; Ditto , Mr . Davits , Grinder , 3 s 7 d ; Ditto , Mr . Cooper , Is lOd ; Ditto , Mr . Glenistcr , Od ; Ditto , Mr . Dennis Pulteney Street , ill 5 s . 8 d ; Ditto , -Mr . Dennis , Verc Street , 2 s ( id ; Ditto , Mr . Lecsl ) , Is 4 il ; Ditto , Mr . Jackson , 3 s ; Ditto , } lr . Dooley , Bell , Old Bailey , 13 s H-Jd ; Ditto , Mr . O . Bond , cis ; Ditto , Mr . Gunaway , Craw , £ 1 18 » ad ; Ditto , Mr . Charles Burnley , £ 1 lls Dd ; Ditto , Mr . Vidler , £ 1 Us ( id ; Ditto , Mr . Holli
day , il oi ( id ; Ditto , Mr . Winter , £ 1 ; Ditto , tty a few Friends , ll » s ; Ditto , Mr . Taylor , Sun , 15 s 1 . 1 ; Ditto , Mr . Burreil , Bull and Mouth , Ms ' . 'd ; Ditto , Mr . Aidersen , Woulpaek , 8 s Sil ; Ditto , Mr . T . Faneey , Caledonian . Ditto , by the Weaver ' s Anus , 2 s ( Id ; Ditto , J . Bryant , lUs ; Ditto , Mr . J . Spencer , 8 s . Ud ; Dito Mr . W . Weaton , 8 s ; Ditto , Mr . Cartwright , 4 s 3 d ; Ditto , Coroner's Jury , lls ; Ditto , Mr . Brecaon , 13 s 4 d ; Ditto , Mr . Knl | ie , Miltorr-street , ( is ; Ditto , The Pliilanthrophic at the Wilinii'gtou Arms , £ i ; Ditto , Mr . Price , Is Sd ; l'itto , Mr . J . Vilsou , la . Ditto , Mr . J . Long , Us . * U 1 ; Uitto . Mr . T IUnson , b ; Ditto Blue Last , U ; Ditto , Mr . K . frost . Is ; Ditto , Mr . Barratt , la ' rd . Thove are two r , ersoiis who have got subicri ptiona in - ' . >» ir ban'is . V / e ( : . !<¦' the same will be gircn up wiihout compelliuij us tu tuk . i . ther steps for that purpose . John W / ns-sams * . TfioMAS SriNOES .
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Kjtdkbt Potatoks . —Such is tke extreme scarcity of the ash- ! caf kidney potatoes , tlint t ! ie extract-¦ jir . anly high prigo of one guinea a buskei w ^ j obtained for five busUola kieaasd toe sea *! , ut Windaor ua Saturday , ' ¦ ¦ r
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mm ———>^«^ mm THE TEN HOURS' 13 ILL . OPPOSITION OF THE MILLOCRACT . i-ast week a meeting of the millowners of Man-M 1 Cat w- i "d "ei ? llbo » rhood was held at the office of ; , , } ' » ain Heron , Princess-street , at which it was i \ ll , ' i 0 ? lve thu most strenuous oof . usition to the fZl V ^ 'nment tor rcluci ^ ' the hours Mei n ' 7 . twira ' A dotation , Miwistinjj of Um vtJ JZ ^ Tb 1 IeRr > ' Asl'worth Thomas Ash-¦ * S ' t uDofmwi , ° l " 1110 '"^ *™ appointed to uieiri !; tenUons SSVnt ! i aView t 0 " ^'^ " ^ a sf ^^ H ^ fTir
" That themo « grateful th-anV , o f tWs mcrttn-are due and hereby give * to LordJol . n Mamrrs M i » ' ! tho very able and efficient gupp ,, be , ' ti ^ given the Ton Hortr . Bill ; but ,,. 0 ,- c espeeia . l y Z 2 siole , comprehensive , and unanswcrablo speech , d-livereo m the House of Commons this after . u ., 011 in favour of thu secoii'l reading of Mr . FieldtnV ! . iil , " That tho wholeofthe dclegutes who feel themselves authorise , ! by their instructions to do so remain in L .. n . ilo : it . ill Wednesday next , to promote ihu posing ol the second readin-of thu Bill ihv . v before Parliainisnt
' That Mr . Matthew l ! o ! m fce aiipoiiitml to go to Halifax , to inquire into the proe'edin ^ connected with tbe revent working of eluren hours a day , ai : d the reasons : jir >^« nii : ig 10 twelve i : ours , and auy othar facts h « may think necessary fjr the purp-. so of a : i 3 ivering Die « t ^ 'Wen- . s ^ inade by U 10 Right Honourable Sir Charles " That She most cordial , hearty , and grateful thanks or the delcgato ,, be given to tho lligl . t Hun . Lord Ashicy and M ,- . Fi , ldeti , for their uniform assuidity in promotmg mis most UuduWe measure f . JS- the benefit of the working classes .
" iliat it is tlie unanimous declaration of this mectniS , that tlie effect of this nieusuru on the question of w ^ ges has been fairly put to thu ivorlsi ,, ^ ,-Uisscs , at 21 me « lni ( t « held in as niuny large toivin in the manufac turmg districts : ' Aiv jou pr- ' p-jrod to accept the Ten Mouis I . iii , regardless of iu effects upon wages ' This answer was uunniit . ousl y 'Y « s ;' and tint , therefcre ' lie doclur . i : iou of Mr . Bri ; ht , and this was not dotie , is witb / j'it foundation , and in every . ¦ iciuu of tlie . woid vuitrue . ' " The thanks of the delegate having beer , givmi tu Mr . Ficl ' . leri , for presiding over tho deliberations , the delegates separated . .,, ¦ wr * j .,
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RICHARD OASTLEK , ESQ . TO THE ELECTORS Of 1 IAXC . / ESTER . Gentlemen , —I think you will r ,.. t charge me with impertinerice , whsn I appeal to you . »» ii : i < t tiuit which I conceive to be injustice on t ! s « part o : ' a genileman who is seeking the umour of tepresentinijyou in Parliament . Mr . Rr ' m ' ut is a perfect atranasi to me . He ha ^ , however , thf-uuht mo worthy of his natico . In the Manchester Examiner of the 12 tli Jilt ., it is stated that Mr . Bright , when addressing the electors of the ChorUon-upou-Medlcck district , on the 7 th ult . said : — . *'
I here was anotlier qncstiori , on which somo per-< wis in tbis town felt deeply , an thar w » 3 the question of legislative interference with tin hours ni'lahour in factories . This was a question . vhich of all others should be discussed in the calmest and 1110 t friendly spirit . ( Cheers . ) He ( Mr . Brighti did not believe sieve was an' man in lavom-of ' a'lVn Hours' Bill , !> e > 'ause he thought it wouM injure anybody , lie had been asked if education would nnt 00 on fasterif ihe hours of labour were reduced ? There was no doubt that it would - . nnd i \ oonedisv > Tited tliatthe people would be much better for it , other thins remaining the same . Give the workpeople , if possible , the same wages for tea hours as they r . ow got for twelve hours' work , and the ynune will have two
more hours in the evening foredu . ntion and play , and tho eider for readincr nnd amusement . There was no man in Manchester more anxious tosocHUch astute of things than he was . For any one to suppose that he was not a friend to nlucation , whether privateor public , or that he v <> i ; li ] not do al ! ho could to advance and increase theintellijenceofthe people , was an indication , that the individual , forming shoU an itiea , knew know ' nv .: whatever about hfa ( Mi . Brit'lit ' s ) private or ;? ul >! ie ciiaraeter . ( Much cheering . j It might be sa-d tlvu the working classes wore , willing to risk a renuetioii of wanes . Why , we were all willing to ri .-k tia- danger which we did not believe in . All who had a tended the meetings addressed by Mr . Fieiden . Mr . Oastler , or
al r . Jberrand , must hare heanl tlieni l > rin ' . ' forward arguments to ctmvir . ee the wm-kinaclasses tl-at then . ' would be no reduction in wm ^ s . Now , he could not conceive a guilt more dreadful than that of amau comini ; before a ! aiv . e aiiiiience of tho working classes—unless he had Hr-t deceived himself—( hear , hear)—for the purpose of endeavouring to persuade them that they mi » ht woyU ten hours a day instead of twelve , and that by some Sort ot" net of parliament , jugglery they could have twelve hours' wages for ten hours' wot k . ( Much ehemnu . ) And it mu 3 t be borne in mind that the individuals who were preaching these things to wor' ; imj men had never shown any extraordinary sagacity hitherto on public questions . Mr . Fieiden himself had been no great advocate for
the repeal of the corn laws ; ( hear , lu-ar , ) he sievt ? r supported , but always derided the league . Had Mr . Oastier done aiivtiiing in favour of freeing the industry of the country ? ( Cheers . ) Hud Mr . Ferrand proved himseif . by his votes , to be a particular friend of the working man ? ( Great laughter and applause . ) Unless you " could prove that twelve hours' wages wimW be given for ten hours ' work , you have proved nothing whatever . ( Cheer . t . ) For tho man to attempt to improve the condition of the working classes , to enable them to educate their children better , to make their homes more comfortable , and to render them independent , by diminishing their wages one-sixth or one seventh ' , was to uo in the opposite direction to that in which he professed to be travelling . ( Much cheerins . )"
1 insert the "cheers , " &c , as 1 fimrthcm ill the report , ihey show the importance attached to Mr . ^ right ' s statements by the electors whom he was addressing . No doubt , his hearers believed his statements , and that he was prepared to support them iii presence of the accused . Observing that . Mr . Bright was disposed "to discuss this question in the calmest and most friendly spirit , " 1 proposed to meet iiim , in public discussion , at the Free Trade Hall , in Mauhester , to maintain the following propositions , by facts and bv arguments : — " 1 st . That it is a delusion to suppose that the factory children can be educated under the uteseut system of twelve hours' daiiv labour .
'' 2 nd . That it is a fallacy to suppose that a rcdiic-I ion ol the hours of labour from twelve to ten per day will cause a reduction of 'one-sixth or oneseventh ' in the wages of persons whose labour is thus reduced . " I concluded my letter to Mr . Bright in the following words : — "I shall not shrink , if you require it , from enterins into a comparison of our respective 'sagacity on public questions , ' nor from answering your query , ' Had Mr . Oastler done anything in favour of freeing tho industry of the cuntry ?' " In ' the spirit of calmness ai . d friendship' I am prepared to meet you . Truth is my aim . 1 think I mu fortified thereby . "
I did not suppose that a gentleman , who , while soliciting the honour of your votes , deemed it advisable to inform you that I was misleading the working cla « cs and deceiving myself , ov , uommitt ' ms a crime than which "he could not conceive a guilt more dreadful , " I say , 1 could not have imagined , that , under stub circumstances , any gentlemen could decline to hear my defence , in youi presence , on being respectfully invited so to do . I was disappointed . Mr . Bright has refused my reasonable request . He says , " " 1 will discuss the question in the House of Commons , "—not before th « public in Manchester . For this refusal to meet me , bofore you , he hopes " 1 shall not think him wanting in respect to myself . I 5 eit so . The " want ot rospect" is towards himself , towards yon , whom he was addressing—and towards the working classes , whom , ( in my absence ) he charges me with misleading .
The path to truth is by calm , friendly , free discussion . Mr . Bright prefers to " backbite" in public , and then to seek for " protection" from tho arguments of the accused " in the House of Commons . " This is not a mark of honesty . 1 refer you to the correspondoJice 1 have had with Mr . Bright on this subject . You will h ' nd it in TU Tan Ifows' Advocate of this day and of the ICth instant . 1 have done what 1 can to persuade my accuser to meet me , in the presence of those before whom he slandered me . He positively declines . From Mr . Bright i now appeal to you . He , I am persuaded , cannot show ouse lor changing the venue from Manchester to Westminster .
I cannot see why he should object to you as a jury . v 1 am satisfied that you , and those for whom you hold * the suffrage , ( the publication of the- charges in the ! I Mancketter Kmminer informed you of Mr . Brjght ' s ( charges , ) should be my judges . " Mr . Bright must i prove that you are unworthy , before he cau obtain 1 another jury . j I CimuubUnee-i favour him . He is said to be with- ' out parallel , vo ; ir favourite . T am , ounmratively , ] a stranger , ot wh » , iu most cf you Isatu boeti taught to ' think unfavourably . : e
He has , decidedly , t ' : e :-. icst wpuiar side ot tbe ' | noeslion . I shall hu tumjieileii 'o brim- strong i ' aets ¦ Mid arguments before you , I s ' aalt wiiuire vour da- i liberate and thoughtM attention . ; still , I " am conteat to abide the r , ; st ; U . i aiu ( ... miidoiit in the truth Mi my ease . I do ; n > i doubt y . njr patience and can-« A '"\ \ am uoc without Iwj * tint I may convmee Mr . Bright hi [\ w truth of th . ; two propositions I wcultl su ;\ iitt : i ; n f ft * o , a ( jicw uii-auce will have
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been made towards the reconciliation of tho Om ployors and thu employed—whoso real inUvest . 1 a suro , is identical . Electors of ^ Manchester ! I appeal to vu . I am t «! d upwards of 5 , 000 of your number , have pledged your votes to my accuser ; of course , on tho supposed truth of his speeches doiiverei ! among you . He is ihen bound , by as solemn a pledge , as yi . ur . s to hi-u , n your presence , if they require it , t ' . i discuss the questions he has raised , with those wiuin ho accused . 1 am one of them . I desire to me « t my accuser , in . your prvHvnce . 1 ask you to yive am tho opportimiy . My condition is , i- 'uke acckss fou am .. Of tour . si ' , tkuttimo will b ^ fixed , when al ! who wi .-h canattt-u- ! . Other anangeni-iita 1 leave to bu settled by a ^ ltt * mittcc from your body , and to the Short Time Committee of Manchester . I remain , Gentlemen , ' lour obc . iL'iit servant , UlCIlAUD O . VSl'i . KK . London , Jan . 30 th , 1817-P . S . I disclaim all party feeling . I have none . Mr . Bright has forced this intrusion . 1 have i searched ' for truth . 1 believe I hava found it . I i wuuid " test" it against Mr . Bright theory and i argument .
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ACCIDENTS IX COLLIERIES IN LANCASIiiltE . A few days ago , one of those " visitations" oc-Jirred at Squire Fletcher ' s piU , Gliiton , Ict ' . a'en jouon and Manchester , when three men and . n © toy were killed . I was infurmeu that one of the leueased had left a wife and live ciiil . iien , and mother the same number , besides his wile being regnant n-ain . Tho accident ( so called ) , happened n a pittliat had b ' . 'ea worked before , and where they vere finking thu shaft , to another scam belnw tlio mu that Imd been p-revinusly worked . Tho master * lad neglected to elosu the mouth of the old pit , and atiice the gasescaped . The public may ask , " could : 1 m misfortune havo been prevented ? " I reply , [[ Yes—if the master had only expended n L \\ shillings in bricks and mortar to have entirely wulled up tho old pit . The following accidents have oocurreil within a lew years at Stone Ciinuh Coliieiv . near
Riii » ly , the property of Messrs . . Stntt and Kiiowies : —Abraham Fox , coil falling down the pit ; 'lhomaa Grundy , fall i . f coals ; Thuinas , ; Ucyvvo ; . d , tumbled out of tub going down tho pit ; lid ward Coilougli , Sailing down the pit ; John Smith , fail ot coals ; James Barnes , fall * f coals ; Thomas Bradshaw , fall ol dirt ; Edward Kites , black damp ; Robert Taj lor , by the engine slipping out of gear ; Abraham Floyd , tail <> f dirt ; Uu-tmril liourdnian , do . ; William Quick , by a _ blast ; William Holiday , fail of dirt ; William Limlli-y , do , ; Acton Fox , burnt ; A . Wul .-inmin , do . ; Joseph Fox , dvowiii'd ; William Lee , do . ; Robert oeiidon , explosion ; 1 homas llo ... tt . 'i > , do . ; An Engi « noer , by liy-whei-1 ; Johu Hunt , exiUosion ; Thomas Weitcras , fall oi coal ; — Si . xsniith , by falling down , the pit ; George Turner , fail of dirt . —There may have been several others killed at this place , but X had noc time to make further enquiry .
Broad Oak Colliery , I ' ahk , neau St . Helens . — Henry Twist , ai ; e >! fourteen years , John Thomason , aged fourteen , John Mercer , a <; ed fifteen , and another boy , whose name and age 1 did not ascertain , were burnt to death in consequence of an explosion , at the above pit ; besides four others , who were dreadfully \ wsrA , some of whom are not expected to recover . Aa a matter of course , a coroner ' s inquest was held , and I need not record the verdict of the jury , for all your readers can tell that it , was ' accidental , " of course . Every care had boon taken by the Messrs . Burns and Robinson , the owners of the colliery , also , by their agents , and more than all that , the boys had been repeatedly cautioned not to go into this place with a lighted candle .
Laffcg CoLMKity , near St . Uklkxs . —On the 30 th . ult ., another explosion occurred when six bays wcra burnt . The old tune is chimed forth again , nobody but thu boys aie to blame . It is all nonsense ; those places couid have been ventilated , and would hava been , if there had been government agents to inspect them .
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DREADFUL . DEATH THROUGH MISAPPLY CAllOS OF MEDICINE . An inquest was held on Tuesday night at the Goliifii Ball , Snow Hill , before William Payne , Esq . Coroner , and an intelligent Jury , to inquire ' into the circumstances by which the late Mr . Daniel Nick-oil * Brough , son of the proprietor of the Ram Inn , Smitlifield , came by his death . Considerable excitement prevailed both in the inquest room and out of doors , -in consequence of rumour that the deceased had , on the one hand , come by his death from a blow which he had Received from one of two men , who followed him and his companion , Mr . Nash , into tha Golden Ball , and entered . into an altercation with them ; and on the other , by a too strong dose of aiu « nioiiiactl liquor , which had been administered to . him in ignorance .
Albert Serle examined—Is assistant in ; the bar oE the Golden Ball , and knew the deceased , Daniel Nicholls Brougb , who was a commercial traveller , and jived on the premises where the inquest was being held . Deceased , on Saturday morning last , about ( eight o ' clock , was stauding outside the bar , and witness was inside . Deceased , just bofore eight o ' clock , came into the shop , in company with Mr . Nash , who was a friend of his , and tollowed by two men whom he wished ; to leave the house , but who lvfused , .-aying that they were asked in by Mr . Nash . They went in to the parlour , and witness on looking in saw one of the men putliis hand into Mr . Nash 3 pocket . Witness told him that would not do there , and he subsequently saw the same man shaking
hands with Mr . iNash and trying to get the ring or his finger . The other man was standing at the bar , and deceased went out of the house to call a policeman . The man at the bar asked him what ha wanted to give them in charge for , and his reply was , that he did not want to give them in charge but only to get them out of the house ; whereupon one of tlio men exclaimed , " I'll knock your daylights out , " and struck him a blow on " the eyes . Deceased fell against the partition , which supported him , or he must have fallen altogether down , and his hat waa knocked off . Deceased went out to call a policeman , and Mr . Phillips , the landlord , was called down stairs . The policeman declined entering the house , until he saw one of the men take a shoe from his pocket , and threaten to strike Mr . Phillips . He then entered , and removed both the men from the house . Deceased and Mr . Nash subsequently went out together , and deceased soon after returned and
went to bed . Deceased came down stairs about two o ' clock , ' . and Mr . South-wood , a friend , soon after came to witness at tlie bar , and obtained a small stone bottle from him , in which lie brought some medicine for tlie deceased . He ( Mr . Southwood ) poured this medicine into a gliiss , anil administered it to the deceased , It was white in appearance- . The moment deceased drank it he exclaimed , " Oh . God ! my throat is burned . " lie seemed to suffer much , and Mr . Southwood ran to Mr . Bullen , front whom ho had received the ; medicine . That gentleman attended , and administered a white powder to the deceased , remarking to him , " Oh , my boy ! you are all right now , " By tho Jury . —Deceased had been out all the previous night from about eleven o ' clock , and returned to tlie Golden Ball about eight o'clock in the morning , followed by the two strange men before de « scribed . —LOne of tho men has been since taken up , by Inspectors Scott and Joy . ]
Mr . William Southwood , of No . 4 , Portsmouthplace , Lincoln ' s Inn-fields , an ivory-turner , deposed that he knew the deceased , in whose company he was at the Golden Ball , on the previous night , up to eleven o ' clock . Witness saw him the n ? xt day also at the Golden Ball , svni \ he complained of being ill . Witness said that he himself had been often relieved in sickness , by " ammonia , " and advised him to take a little ; whereupon deceased gave him twopence to procure him some , and he went to Mr . Bullcn's , of Farringdon-strcct , and got the ammonia from a young man in the shop . Witness received ihe mtdicine in a stone bottle , which he had previously obtained at the bar of the Golden Ball , from the last witness .
by a Juror . —whon you applied for the ammonia did you state what it was for , or who it was foe ? Witness . —No . Juror . —Did you take the same quantity your * self i Witness . —I did , when sick . The Coroner here explained that the witness iu * ank tho same quantity as to the money price , but : jot as to strength . Mr . James Harris , assistant to Dg ; Bulleii , deposed that at about two o / clock a man came to Iiim and asked for twopennyworth of liquor ammonia .
Witness asked him if ho required it strong , knowing it was a medicine in Sslie administration of which caution should be exercised ; ho measured four fluid drachms into the stone bottle aid gave it to the man . Tho witness here- described the various uses of ammonia , that amtwigst other properties it was a caustic , and in such strength and quantity a strong poison , lie added that he would not . have aoKl it to tiso man in such quantity and strength had he believed he wanted it as a medicine , and that ho was deceived by the stone bottle into a belief that it was tor some purpose connected with tbe arts , iu which it was much mployed .
! ¦ Doetm Bullen aad Lynch were respectively examined , and they detailed the poisonous dleots of the liquor ammonia , when administered in a largo dest . They agreed that the deceased had come by iua deat ' . in censequer . ee of tho burning effects oa the spigloti ? , and other organs connected withthn threat . Or . e of the jurors , however , was not satis * . end , a : x wished to have a post mortem examinatioa ' muiie , which , at the request of the Coroner , Doctors jLvnchand Bullen . orthwitu performed , several of : tlie Jurors being urese&t . The rcbult satisfied them that ihe iuHamnaterj action of the ammonia was i th < 3 cause of the death , ami the Jury returned a verdict accordingly , observing that " the ammonia was 1 adruiuistered in ignorant , and that the death waa | therefore , accidental . '
#Dkijpi- ;#Ufflttn?Nts» -?» - • . Jt*. *
# DKijpi- ; # Ufflttn ? nts » - ?» - . Jt * . *
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VAX DIEMAN'S LAND . We have newspapers from this colony to the lSth bepumbcr . i lit- governor continued in as bad odour to ever , and his position , even in the legislative council , was such as to make it in-lisnensable to the intimate . influence of government , tb ' at hissuccessur should arrive as soon as possible ihe Hobcvrt Town Advertiser of Sejfamber 13 , Sl b- 7 , , , obbenes a ™ becoming very rife at the outskirts oi the town . "
WEST INDIES . The mail steamer , Dee , whicii arrived at . Southailinton . on Monday morning , has brought advices irom Jamaica to the 13 th . from the Ilavannah to tne 11 th , fr . ni Batbadocs to the 9 th , Irom Triuidad e I ? ' of January . and from Cbagres to the 2 Gth of December . 'Ihe Uouse of assembly < f Jamaica had lowered the salaries of the governor , and of many placemen , about a fifth ; but it waa thought that tho legislative council would not consent to these reducf ' l-. ms . In Jamaica , an" all the British West Indies , the crops appear to be flourishing , and the weather justified good expectations .
FRANCE . The discussion in the Chamber of Deputies on Thuiaday , presented a fact , unprecedented perhaps in the history of the French Chambers—a single a peaker occupying the tribune during the whole sitting . M . 'fiiiers disscussed most fully the question of tho Spanish marriages , and incidentally touched on the ati ' -ur of Cracow . " In examining ihe former subject , he blamed the Ministry most stronglv , for the undue haste with which , he said , the marriages had lieen urged forward . He approved of the marriage of Queen Isabella with Don Francisco , but Warned
; hat of the Duke of Montpensier with the Infanta Louisa ; this latter he declared to be either null or dangerous—null if the Queen had heirs , and dangerous it she remained childless ; he announced himself te be a partisan of t ! ic English alliance , which , he maintained , the Ministry , after having made great sacrifices to obtain , had broken unnecessarily . After examining at some length the state of Europe , and upholding the absolute necessity of tbe English alliance , he concluded his brilliant speech by expressing an ar . ent wish thai the Queen of Spain might son have an heir to the throne—the best prayer for his countrv . he remarked , that he could offer up ' .
On Friday M . Guiiot replied to the speech of MThiers of the day before , and very nearly at a 9 great leneth . He adduced arguments to prove that the Fieneh Government were in a measure compelled by circumstances to conclude simultaneously the double marriage , and that this necessity was caused by the difference of conduct manifested by the Tory and Whig Governments . He argued that the relative position ot France and Spain was improved by th marriages . He did not deny that with respect to England , France wasplaced in adelicate and difficult situation ; but the circumstances , he said , which affected both powers at the same time , and equally were so important , tint it couid scarcely be supposed that they should not soon see the advantage of making up heirditferences ; be concluded by declaring that France would still pursue the course of Conservative policy which she had practised during the last 17 veai-s .
The debate on the second paragraph of the address , af'er having occupied the Chamber of Deputies three days , was at length brought to a close by theadoptionofthe paragraph , as drawn up by the committee , without a division . A royal ordonnance has just appeared , dissolving the National Guard of the town of Buzancais { Indre , ) in consequence of the way in which it acted at the enrn riot in that place . The JReforme states that the price of grain is again advancing , and that a sudden rise has just taken place at Paris , and in all the markets , such as Chartres , Frovins , Melun , Montereau , Chateaudun , Rouen , Montargis , iic , that supply the capital . 300 , < J 00 persona , or a third of the population of Paris , are demanding cards at the Bureaux de Bienfaisar . ee to enable them to pay their bread , only 20 c . the pound . SPAIN .
We announced last week the formation of a new ministry under the presidency of the Duke de Sotomayor . On the 1 st the new ministers made an exposition of their intended policy , to the effect , that it was the intention of the government to respect the Constitution and the Cortes , and to govern iu a leual and conciliatory manner , but at the same time should disturbances occur , to repress them with a firm hand . The policy of the government would be a purely Spanish one , though it would seek to enhrs : e their relations with other countries . He promised strict economy , and that it was intended to make such reforms in the tributary system as might alleviate its piessure as much as possible .
A Barcelona letter , of the 28 th of January , says : — "General Breton st-t out yesterday for the environs of Berga , where Ros D'Etolles is , with from 250 to 300 men . The appearance of the bold and intrepid chief of the Carlist hordes has excited great alarm . "
PORTUGAL . THE CIVIL WAS . According to letters of the 1 st from Lisbon , and of thv- 2 nd from Oporto , Marshal Saldanha had not yet crossed the Douro to invest Oporto . His head quarters were at Agueda , a town south of the Vouga , about thirty miles from Coimbra . He had dispersed columns of his army to take military possession ot the province of Bcira before he advanced . The old Royalist General Povoas bad accepted from the Jr . uta of Oporto the military command ot Beira . He assumed the command and raised the white standard of the Junta in Guaida , on the 17 th . He
retired with some troops on the 22 nd , from the town at the approach of Baron Solla's division . Oporto was fully prepared for defence and provided with everything necessary for a protracted siege . Conde de Bonifim , Conde de Villa Real , and General Celestino had made an attempt to escape from the Diana frigate ; the attempt was prevented while in the act of escaping . Thirty-nine of the chief officers , including the three just named , were going to be sent to , it-was supposed , tlie coast of Africa , on the 27 th , but the entveaties of the Duchess of Terceira . who feaied retaliation on herhushand , induced the Queen to revoke the order until she again heard her Council of State .
A report has reached us that as the Iberia lay eft Oporto , information was given that the Migutlites had been entirely dispersed by the Queen ' s tnops . General M'Donald and many chiefs being killed at Sobnrosa . Another account represents M'Donald as badly wounded but not dead .
t a e a t I GERMANY . ME rni-SSlAN C 0 XSIRUII 05 . On the 3 d instant , the Prussian government published a royal ordinance establishing a general diet , and defining its powers and constitution . No new loans are to be raised , and no new taxes are to be imposed without the consent of the general diet ; but so many limitations are added to these clauses , as almost entirely to destroy their effect . Import , export , and transit duties , local taxes , the revenues arising from the royal domains , and such indirect taxes as may become the subject of treaties with foreign states , are excepted ; and , in case of war , the king reserves to himself the power of levying extraordinary taxes , without consulting the general diet , should he deem its convocation unadvisable . The
| r t . j ¦ ' i princes of the blood are to possess a seat and vote in the estate of the pritces , counts , and lords oi the geaeral diet . Besides these , the estate of the lords ia to consist of those members of the German lieichstande ( princes and counts of the empire ) who had seats in the Provincial States , of theSilesian princes and noblemen ^ S {« iwJe 5 ? io - rc ») , and of princes , counts , nnd lords , and members of such institutions as are in po-sfssion of the right of vota virilia or vota comtnvuia , and who have seats in the eight provincial
' ' ' ] I diets . The deputies of the lesser nobility ( Iihtertctiaft ) , the towns , and the rural communities , are to meet in the general diet in the same number as in the provincial diets . When the general oiet is to decide on a proposition of agreeing to new state debts , or of imposing newv taxes , or of increasing theexistinn taxe 3 , tlie order of peers is to unite with the other orders in a general deliberation and conclusion . In ail other cases , the deliberations and votes of the order of peers willl proceed fiom the particularassembly of the order .
EXECUT 1 OX OF A POLISH PATRIOT AT POSE . V . We take the following from a German paper : — " Poskn , Feb . 2 . " On the 9 th of January this year , the mounted endarme Komtrkicwiiz , irom Rogasen , met in the village of Studzeniec , about a mile from the formeplace , an unknown man , dressed as a peasant , who was smoking his pipe on the road , the gendarme followed the stranger to the public house i « the village , in order to call him to account , and , as his suspicions were awakened , took this opportunity of asking tor uis passport . The stranger delivered up a parcel ot papers , which the gendarme declared unsatisfactory , intimating to him , at the same time , that if he were not able to give a better account of himself , he would have him transported te Rogasen . The stranger , who was walking up and down the room behind tiie
gendarme , who was examining the papers , then drew out a pistol and fired it at Lira . The police servaat , struck bj the shot , fell slowly to the ground , wli'le the culprit , firing a second pistol at some peasant who rushed into the rocin on hearing tfie repbrt . fled across . he fields towards a neighbouring wood . After fcavirg destroyed swne papers which he Iiud kept Uck irom tte gendarme , and having in ¥ aiu sought to uefend fcMuse . t with a pistol in one hand and a datrger ia the o ^ er , ae was ultimately seized bv the peasant * aau transported to Roeaseu The sendum ? . Komoricii-ttcz , aied on tne litn « f Januarv from thectTeete of the wound . The culprit , who . ' accordicg to his cwa account , was a Polish emigrant f ? om Warsaw , by the name ot Anton von Babinski , and a member ( if tne Denaocratieal Society » f Paris , and who had seycarced in the Graad Dtt « Uy otTeeensitce the 4 ' . k oi
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Untitled Article
J ^ ebbuabt 13 . 18-1 7 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 1 ¦¦„ . —— = ^ M ^ W —^ ^——*—^^^^ i .. . 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 13, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1405/page/7/
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