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THE NORTHERN STAR SAT0UDA.Y, APRIL 10, 1817.
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Co Realm's vSr CcmsDOHte is.
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i JUsT PUBLISHED ,. Xo. I, (price 6d.) of THE LABOURER,
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OBSERVE.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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• ^^ , & * inrY nF TIIK TVORKH 56 CLASSES 8 -F . SclS ^ a ^ lS £ to W « l * KM « . from S ^ toLuc « l" nun-Ating tl . c encroac ^ . ents < , „ tl-. air riMit ? « Si the KiM ami Harms infractions , by wnuh ? h « raaea * . -. an .-d « o «' : r : rin thcm . -teing a lessou for tho ratnrr . derived from thejvist . 4 -P 01 IT 1 CS OF THE DAT , comnnsinj ; tbe state i . f En-land and Ireland , the Charti fi aad Trades' Movement , " au analysis « f proceedings in Parliament ,-and h sammnrv of news at home and abroad . 5 . —rOETRT ASD RUMAXCE , sinae those are impor taut branches of educational progression ; . and some ol tlu' first de mocratic authors have undtrtaUtui to furnish narrativis of intense aiid vivid intrrest . A l : ir * e portion of the April lUHiiin-r will be devottd to the plai ? and worian . g of the National Land . and Laliour Bank , in connectionVith ilne Chartist Co-ojierativt ; Land
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Xon- Ilea < iy , a New EJition of Slil . O'CONNOR'S WORK . ON SMALL FARMS To be had at tbe X ^ rlhern Star Office . 1 C . Groat Wind mill Street ; and of Ab .-lileywood , Manchester .
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xotice : UNITED PATRIOTsT ' aSD PATRIARCHS ' BKNEFIT SOCIETIES Patron . —T . S . DtscfiiiBC , Ks < j ., M . P . IX answer to the numerous inquiries of Agents , Membi-rs , and CorrcspoudvuU , Kotice is hereby given , that the Pn >« i ! L'ctus of the I . AXU aud l' . lJlLlU ^ O BEXEFIT SOCIETY requested , by them , tob ' alii-onght int-i Co-operati « : i « ith t e above liiEtitut ' o-. f , is nii ' . v reaily for circulation . Within a few days ti : e Rules ¦ niil be snbniittfcd to the Certifying Barrister for Enrolment . Further information , prospectuses , &c , cm be obtained at the office , or by letter prepaid , enclosing two postiRe stamps , directed to tlie Office of the Institution * , 13 , Tottenham-Court Xe \ v-road , St . l ' ancras , Losdon . Agents required iu cvitv jiart of Great Kritain . ( l ? y Ord-rD Daniel Williak Ruffv , Socrcta . T . X . B . —Msirict S < crcV . r , -kt c « d ikiiJvst « f" ilic Chartist land Coinpany , ' (< •« % t'iMsltd to obitxhi information . ( vcliich can be obtained lij / teiuliag a sUu'iip for p'isi . M- ' , ) >•<' - tfn'th . g i ) , r ; National Cu-vpcrntire licirciit Society , O '' irA » cft Mosrs Staliwoud and -Vilcox arc juht f'CiivUu-tii , Ufa re thcii inc , -, iv , c ,: y connect themselves tcilh it .
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IMPORTANT TO EMIGRANTS . AGPilCPI . TURISTS and others may jmrefcarc j .- . i ACRES OF IUCI 1 TIMREKBO I . A . XP IX AVESTEUX V 1 RGIXIA , defclUd h , i General Wash , inqi-jn as Vx Gar < k , i of . li . iori « , for £ 2- ! S « . Sd . Ster'iu " AliOUT TIIliEB SIIIIXIXGS PEit ACliE . £ ¦> lfs \ only to be paid dowi :, the rcm ;< i : ider ju VIVE AXSU \ L PAYMEXT . S . For further information app ' v to CHAltLKS WILI . MEK . " ATncrican Lar , < l Office , STASLEY BMLnlVCS . bath street , liveui'Ool . Of whom may be h 'd a Puutphlet \ -- \\ Emigratiim , in whicii tbfcti ; Liiii .-ls : itc i '; : " y d .-scriied , and the term ? of fait- » -xj hiitied , by sendiag t ::: ' . e posta ; c stumps to free the same .
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IMPOIITANT TO riiOTOGRAl'lil'TS . A X apid'cation was trade on the 92 nd S < iii .-.-ulier , t > V .: ? Yicc-Cham-eliu" of Enaland , b . . Ac . Beard who , acting under a :: iu » t «; xtr ;!» . ruiny doliui j . i . coiuiucrs biuseii tiie . ?¦;•!•;¦ jK { Vi . ; , \ < jf thy Piwto ' sraiiliii iwjjiss !!< o restrain MR . E 5 ERT 0 X , of :, Teinf .:-- ! trut . . mil U . * , jFieet-strect , rcm t-ihing Plvitogr . nilue Povtt . i . v =, which he tioss by : . j-rnevis entirely dhtorCKt frop jnd vcrv sajicrioi * t
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AUXILIARY TO THE NATIONAL LAND COMl'ANY . THE F 0 f . Vf > En vftlic N-ftTIOXAI . CO-OPKnATIVB UEXEKIT " - 'O- 'IETY re ? jicctfiiliy arqiiaints his brcihre .-i c-i the Lav . d O iiijMiiy Mid l . is ! ir .. i ! u-r l ) eum crats iu gem-rai . that l ; is « . ; . j .-ct iu liniuding the Society TC .-, i t- » : ii-i :.- . ! 'i assist t ' ie N . it o : ! . ii La : ; d Cou . ji . tny i . its gi . 'i ious tiE-its to em-iiu-i ;< ati .- tUa l : ii :. i ; :: i r ; icc , by p . iuriiig fuiidsiu ' u iss ex-.-lu-qucr , ll' -rough til- n . e . uisof tiie NATIONAL J .. \ . VL > aud LA - OUll IJAXK : but the ad' . ptinn Of Uia i'UOi'LES K AX K ii =: s jirurtd : i d «« h . blow id tiie enrolnitnt ufxiie Sucicy . Aii ^ ur < -Ue « l s-ic ' -cti-s sjuve Use I > as $ !; i £ t . f t ! . e Xeiv Vri < nJ . y Swiet-cs' Act , bcisi ^ compelled to ' ! e ; : o ^ : t tistir c :: > h ia t : i « iiaiik uf England . : m-i
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TO TAILORS . THE 1 OX D 0 X AXD PARIS SPRING AXI ) SUMMER FASHUiSS fcr ihtT . are imhv nidy , by BEXJAMIX Ri ; Al ) and Co ., 11 ' , Jl .-srl-ttreet . ' i-Uooiiitburjrsquare , Lou Jon ; :. ud by G . IJei-ger , Hoiywcli-strt' . t , St .-iintl . Msiy lie bad of a ! i I'u'jU-xiicrs whi .-res < ievur residing . l'y aiijirnbatioaofher iltjj ' -iy Qiie-iii Victoria aud H . R . il . Prince Albert a Spleii'lid * PrInt , iicauUfully coloured , and exquisitely executed , the whole very superior to anything o : ' tne kind ever hd ire jmblishtd . This beautiful print niil be accompanied with me most fashionable , full size , Frock , Dress , and Kitliufr Coat Patterns — u complete Paletot , much worn i : i tUe Sj . i-Iuj : as au » vci coat—and a youth's new , f i < -hioiiab ! e Hussar Jack t , with slirts—the iiiauiitr of cu : t : rr them Uc all siai-s-
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BALDNESS EFFECTUALLY REMOVED . A STIUGEON residing iu Cork having , in the course of Ws Practice , hiiU liis attention particularly tiirected to , and acquired great experience in the TKBAl'MEXT OF CAPILLARY DISEASES , hexs to inform those persons afflicted with BALDNESS { ' whether in youth or advanced in life ) may , by a mott simple process , REPR 0-DUC that necessary orname-. it . Parties applying will recuireto enclose a sniull quantity of hair , and a fee of five hilling * , by post-ofllce order , in favour ofSur-jeon Edward Williams . 13 , Henry-strttt , Cork ; when the " nc-( tejarjjnstructwms will be furwaracd by return of'iost
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' ¦ - ^—— ' ¦ i ¦¦ ¦¦ THE 0 It A KTER ! A PUBLIC DISCUSSION ¦ W ill take place on Moxdat , the 12 th Instant , at TftE SOUTH LONDON CHARTIST HXL \ j , Corner of Wcblier-street , Wackfrhrs-road , between AKCHKR GORXEY AND ERNEST JOSES , ESO ^ S ., ; 'tV « Mr . € urll ^ , T 11 . i . crtaKe t ( > Prove that the w ^ c ' sChartj-i ^ v ould Vetnjunous . tothe Liberties and S ^ StS ^ " ™* - « -lrtob . t 1 *««
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TO TIIE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND company : T ^ rWrn ??? . SII ' ^ DKEUCHIEFS FOU « , cr the First of Hay , to be had of Mr W . M'Grath , 13 , \ Vlntesjrmv . Thomas ^ trcct Whitechapel-road ; and ¦ at the W luttingtoa and Cat , Church-row , Bethatdprecn .
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All coiTPspondcncc , reports of public meetings , ChartifctaiKl Trades' Intelligence , and general questions , must be addressed to Mr . G . J . IUrnev , "Northern Star office , - " 16 , Great Wiiidmill Street , Lohtfon . All legal questions , and matters of local news , not noticed in iirovincialpapcrs , and requiring comma t . to be addressed to Mr . Ebxest . Iones as above . All questions . respecting Bills introduced iuto tliel ^ g is - 1-itnrc , Acts of Psrliamcnt . their meaning and intent , < fcc , anil questions respecting the Ministry , snd the members « f the two Houses of Parliament , to be addressed to Mr Genrge Fleming , Northern Star" Office All questions , connected with thn manascmentof hnd , and toudiing the operations of building , cultivation . ic . ' to be addressed to ' ' Mr . O'Connob . Lowhands , Red Marie , Ledbury , ' ... ... _ Worcestershire .
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THE TRIAL OF THE MECHANICS . In another part of our paper will be found the most accurate account tu ? . t , at the time of our going to press , has been published of this most important treal . The result is that the large proportion of seventeen out of twenty-six were acquitted—the remaining nine only were convicted . We understand that Mr . Roberts intends publishing au authentic and elaborate report of the trial , with a history of thetvholu circumstances from heginniiw to end ;
but that , for reasons which we presume are sufficient , he lias decided on the postponement of the publication until after " the judgment of the Courtof Queen ' s Bench . Probably this judgment , although the struggle must be renewed immediatel y and with vigour , may not be pronounced for some time , and it may be well , therefore , to call attention to the present position of the affair , and sonic of the questio ' . is involved in it .
Tue simple question on which the whole proceedings were founded was this . The prosecutors contended—supported by the authority of Messrs Lyon and Stubbs —immortal names!—that the mere PICKETING—the persuading men not to work for a particular master—was in itself au offence , if it were the result of a previous combination ; that one person might persuade without any violation of the law :, but that if several combined to pertuade , such combinations became by the mere concert an ILLEGAL CONSPIRACY . ' We give the
proposition as it was avowed , and in its plain termsneither adding to it nor d . inunUhing . On the other * i ; iml , Mr Rob' -ris contended that what was legal in one was legal in a dozen or in five hundred ; that mere concert could not make that a crime which was r . oi a crime—that conspiracy , in fact , was not illegal , unless it rather sought to obtain an illegal object , or to obtain a legal object b y iil ? gal means . The importance of this question' cannot be exaggerated . According to the law as laid down by Messrs Lyon and Stubbs , no society of working
men could he legal . Listen to them , and you would regard the Colliers' Union as a mighty misdemeanor , and the NATIONAL TRADES as ' bordering on high treason . The question , however , was one which could not safel y—so Mr R . felt—be treated with confidence , still less with ridicule . The fact was undeniable , that many cases had been decided on the assumption that combinations , however peaceable , were contrary to law ; but a few years bad elapsed since a judge , still on the Bench , had sentenced several coiliars to imprisonment for
refusing to work in a coal mine , until a particular person was dismissed . The question then was an awkward one—to be bravely contested indeed when it fairly arose , but not to be rashl y provoked ; much depending on the character of the judge before whom the first trial should come—something on his temper and health of mind at the lime . Often and often have we taked over the subject with Mr Roberts ; both of us concurring in the belief that at some time or other the old degrading decisions would he thrown overboard : but we differed as to
the chronology of this " some time or other ;' ' how soon it was to be—how long to he postponed . Our opinion was , that the old conspiracy doctrine was destined to survive all those who were on the judicial bench . Mr Roberts , on the contrary , avowed his conviction that " the first good stand-up fight , to manage it as he liked , with a hearty and decrs » i"et ! body of men for his ciiant , health , time , and the fortune that favours the brave , he would give the old law a terrible shaking . " Our
exnectationcid not , as before intimated , travel quite so fast ; nay , we confess to the having entertained a strong fear that our Land Fund treasurer was on this occasion a little too confident . And even now , notwithstanding his victory at this the first grand stage cf the contest , we warn liim not to be too sure . Much , of course , depends on himself ; but far more depends on the question of whether or not his clients will retain their enthusiasm and support the future stages of the fight with the same zeal as hitherto : we shall see .
We must hurry on , reserving a more minute comment for a future opportunity . There were twentysix defendants . Selsby was accused , with all the others , of twenty-eight conspiracies , having for their object the impoverishment of the prosecutors , Jones and Potts . The evidence against him were an address and a letter to Chceseborough and another defendant . Cheescborough and Bownrin wt-re charged with the same ; the evidence against the latter were some papers fouud in his box , alluding to the picket , and payments made to them . Cheeseborough ' s offence was , that he received the letter from Selsbv , and that it euclosed a 10 / . note
for the men out of work . Others , besides being charged with the conspiracies , were sworn to have actually picketed—walked up and down in the public road—and sometimes ( when not walking ) standing still and occasionally talking to one another and to persons who happened to pass by . These " walkers up and down " were the real sinr iers , whom the masters and magistrates desired to catch -the prize which the race was reall y to be ran for . Besides , there was another lot , men who had said , "Blessyour eyes , " in French ; to ! d one man he "would be called a knobstick if he went knobstick ing , " &c . ; but with regard to those the course was more clear , and tte issue iuvoved no principle « f
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importance . If , the several witnesses spoke the truth , it was known that ail the talkers would be acquitted ; but as there was a strong probability that the gentry who swore so stiffly at Warrington would be well prepared for their cross-examination at Liverpool , the talkers were compelled to calculate that sqrae mig ht be convicted . The rbal struggle , however—that which involvd the existence of every Trade ' s Union in the Empire—was with regard to the picket—or rather fthat portion ot them against whom there was no charge whatever , but that quietly and peaceably they walked up and down , looking for stiangers who were coming to work for-the prosecutors , point-!¦¦ i ., I , _ ... ., . ,. . ^¦_ .. _ i i i — -L — ' - ' —¦ .. —— - ¦—— . ^__
ing out to them the grievances that existtd , arguing quietly upon those grievances , and persuading , by tbe calm language of reason , that it was good , proper , religious , honourable ^ charitable , and humane , to combine , confederate , and conspire together , to stand out until the particular oppression was removed . Thisvasth : w eapon which the master * avowed would ruin them—threats , violence , and intimidation they did tut care about , for those they could meet and countuact by " the Intimidation Act ; but reason and . argument—and that too by iheir own workmen " walking up and down "—oh it bothered them sadly ! there was no getting over it .
Well , the trial has taken place , and before a just judge . Next week we hope to have a verbatim copy of Baron liolfe ' s summing up to the jury . The uo . verful point of that summing up was , a succession of distinct and well-rounded periods , to the effect that all conspiracies were legal , which were not . attended with violence , molestation , or threatening language—that the PICKET was perfectly legalthat the men who had left the prosecutors' employ , had an undeniable right to persuade others not to go there . It was curious to observe the fallen
counten mces of the counsel for the prosecution , as one after another , in clear and unmistakeable language , the JUST JUDGE enumerated these principles of truth and common sense . True , he dealt " a heavy blow and great discouragement'' to the old legal decisions —but so fur from being discouraged b y that fact , he really appeared to feel a positive pleasure in the task he had set for himself . We shall have many opportunities of commenting on this charge , and shall gladly avail ourselves of them . .
Then came the verdict . All the defendants who had merely picketed were acquitted—the judge ' s charge had been so direct and pointed , that the jury c mid not avoid this conclusion . With regard to the other defendants , tbe verdict was a villanous one but we must reserve our further comments till next week . The case ( on behalf of those who are convicted ) will come on again next woek , or the week aflcr , in the Queen ' s Bench . - We shall give a full report of the argument .
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to t ' aiiiament that that reform has been so long delayed . The gendarmerie of Franco , or the sbirri of Italy , are not more hated by the people of those countries , than are the police by tbe English people , and with good reason . ¦• ¦ •••; As one of the pro : 8 of tbe . present " system . " this Judas-force forms an additional reason for the people obtaining that radical reform of the fountain of law which the Charter would effect ; wanting which there is , we fear , but little hope of obtaining * reform of the spy-and bludgei nocracy . __ mt _ i _ i- — ^_ ^ ... — ¦_ . ,, . ii i ^^ . —» - ¦¦
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RETROSPECT OF THE- SESSION . No one who bad given the slightest consideration to the matter doubted that the unhappy and wretched condition of Ireland would absorb the lion ' s share of the time and attention of Parliament during the present session . So far it has done so , and having arrived at a sort of landing-place with the Easter holidays , it naturally occurs to us to take a retrospect of the semi-Session , and to ask , what are the practical results of Governmental action , and of Legislative deliberation ?
The problem offered for solution was a difficult but not impossible one . The very magnitude of the evils by which Ireland was overwhelmed , while they called for an extraordinary , effort . . for their removal offered facilities for that purpose to a bold and clearsighted Minister . While the old lumbering machinery of Society works tolerably easy in the ususal style , there arc always " vested interests" and privileged classes sufficiently powerful to retard , if not arrest , the progress of needful reforms ; but when a nation arrives at the climax of the evils produced bv
long-continued misgovernment , such opposition , if not altogether destroyed , is diminished in potency . The path is cleared of some of the obstructions which lie in the Way of political and social improvements , and the Government for the time being arc exempted from the necessity of ruling upon traditional maxims and obsolete precedents by the very novelty and urgency of the new circumstances they are called upon to meet . Ireland has long been the diseased member of the body politic . It is ostensibly an integral part of a mig hty empire of which we are accustomed to boast
that it stands in the very van of civilization ; that it is the richest , most prosperous , most enli ghtened , most powerful , and most extensive of modern times . We point with pride to the fact , that its language is spoken in every clime ; that its commerce has penetrated every habitable part of the globe ; and that its fleets proudl y claim the dominion of the sea . Yet , as if to rebuke this vain-glorious self-adnlation , up starts the awful and appalling spectacle of an island separated from the seat of Government only by a few miles of sea , in which the people are perishing in tens of thousands by famine and pestilence , at the very moment when wheat , barley , oats , bacon ,
butter , eggs , oxen and sheep , are leaving their ports for the wealthier markets- of Englaud , there to be convened into money , to be spent by absentee landlords , or added to the hoards of usurious mortgagees . It is quite clear that in such a case the implied conditions which constitute the basis of all human societies have'been . violated . Everything is unnatural , unjust — monstrous . Disorganisation , anarchy , discontent , insecurity and violence , arc the natural result of this subversion of all the fundamental principles of human association , and the imperative duty of the Government is to begin at the lieg nnitig , not tamper with evils which have outgvown the ameliorative effect of mere palliatives .
Such was the position and the duty of the present Cabinet with reference to Ireland . It was clear that the existing institutions in that country had totally failed to answer the objects of society . Th « lime had come , in fact , to re-construct them afresh , iiiul to liase them upon such principles of productive and distributive equity as shouid , when they were pu' in operation , enforce industry , secure to labour its just reward , to capital its rightful return-prosperity and contentment to all . That this could have been done , way be done , with the land , mines .
fisheries of Ireland , and the labour of Irishmen , we confidentl y believe and assert . Thnsc are the original elements out of which all wealth is created . A statesman-like plan , which would have brought the aid of British capital , energy , and skill , to the practical and general development of the now latent capabilities of Ireland , was all that was required to raise that country to a height of prosperity , as great as her present abasement is deep , in consequence of the tyrannical , unjust , and truly disgraceful manner in which she has hitherto been governed .
Unfortunately for us and for Ireland no such comprehensive or practical proceedings were to be expected from the present Ministry- The party to which they belong has ever bliown itself deficient in all the higher qualities of statesmen and politicians , and the Whigs of 1847 will do little to retrieve or elevate its character . Instead of seizing the opportunity offered by the state of things , thus slightly sketched , for introducing a new tenure of the soil , ,-md liberating the Irish serf from the thraldom of landlord and middleman , for supplying incitements and means to pursue such a course in future , as should prevent the recurrence of a similar calamity ,
Lord John Riibscll proposed a series of small incongruous nostrums , apparently taken at random from the heap of suggestions propounded by different parties , lie had not the political genius to fuse them down into one homogeneous mass , to pervade them with one id « a , and link them together so consecutively , that one plan would rc-act beneficially on the other , and all tend to the production of a given genefal result . The only certain thing that could be extracted from the heterogeneous bundle was , that Lord John Kusscll was very much afraid of the master-curse of Ireland—its landlords , and resit ' ved to prop'tiate them at any price .
In order to do this the ministerial plans were divided into two sections , temporary and permanent , the first being intended to remed y the consequences of previous legislative blundering in the matter of the Labour-Rate Act , and to miti gate tbe pressure of the destitution , while proceeding with more lasting measures . What progress has been made with these different classes of measures such as tbev arc j
All the " temporary " ones have passed ; but so far with little appearance of having met the exi gencies of the crisis . Thus far the results are small in comparison with the waists . Ireland is in a worse state now , at Easter , than it was at Christmas ; pauperism and deaths—strange companions 1—increase in spile of the efforts to arrest them . The ministerial temporary policy is a failure as far as it has
gone . Of the " permanent" measures , those intended to put Ireland in a better and safer state for the future as far as Whig comprehension can master that problem , the New Poor Law and the loans to landlords , are in progress . Of the first we full y expressed our opinion last week , and see no reason to retract it . The measure was from the first onlv
valuable as a legislative recognition of tbe ri ght of thfi people of Ireland to employment or subsistence in their native land . But even this abstract value has been practically destroyed by ministers ngjeeing to two amendments (?) proposed b y the opponents of the Bill : the first increasing the number of ex off . cio guardians , and taking the management out of the hands of the middle or trading classes , and the other . for Uniting the relief in all cases to person *
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who occupy more than a quarter of an acre of land . As it now stands , the Bill is a disgusting mockery o , - the name it bears . As to the plan for lending the landlords money to improve their estates , the wisdom , efficiency , and applicability of that measme has never been clear to our minds . , On principle we say , that if the State lends money for public pur poses and the employment ol labour , ' the profits anil results of that money and labour ought to belong to the State and the labourers , the two active agents in the transaction , and not to any third class . We would have no sleeping partners in such affairs - ¦ ,, _ J _ _ _ ___ _^ ______ .- ¦¦¦ - — .., ¦¦¦
,-,--As to the other " permanent" measures of Ihe ministerial programme , with the exception of one to facilitate the sale of encumbered estates , which has only been introduced—not explained—they are all visions of . the future . . The Bill for the reclamation of waste lands is still an imaginary thing , and it is said will continue so . A Bill was promised to improve the relations between landlord and tenant . Doubt is now expressed as to whether it will ever be introduced . Not one of the " permanent" measures has as yet received a substantial existence—some are likely never to do so .
What hope , under such circumstances , is there that Ireland will next year , or the year after that , be in a better position than : it is now , if such paltering , peddling legislation as this is permitted to go on ? It is at once a curse to Ireland and to Great Britain . On the one it entails protracted suffering , destitution , disease , and tbe destruction of that most valuable of all national qualities , the spirit of independence and Self-helpfulness ; and upon the other , a continued necessity for contributing to the mitigation of that misery which is thus artificially generated and kept in existence ,
with the pain of seeing that the efforts for its suppression are fruitless . In fact , the whole legislation of the present Cabinet for Ireland is one huge blunder . They are spending about a mil'ion a month on desperate temporary expedients—they are ready to lend the landlords some two millions and a half . The million that was proposed to be spent on the reclamation of waste is only a promise . In proportion to the permanent and effectual character of the measure , they are hesitating and parsimonious ; in reckless temporary expedients , they have proved bold and lavish .
The most notable measures not connected with the wants of Ireland , introduced by the Government , have been the scheme of extended education , the altered scheme of transportation , the sanitary bill , and the limited enlistment bill ; the two firs ! , being in reality out of Parliament , inasmuch as it is proposed to carry them out b y a stretch of prerogative , without asking the formal consent of
the Legislature . So fas as can he seen , these seem to be the social and colonial reforms promised bv the Premier on taking office ; They form another illustration of the manner in which Whigs "keep the word of promise to the ear , but break it to the hope . " The Education scheme is confessedly below the want ; it is not the measure of National Education which Lord . John ' s announcements
raised an expectation o f ; and his endeavour to avoid opposition by smuggling it through the Privy Council , instead of submitting it to Parliament , besides being dangerous as a precedent , and unconstitutional iu itself , has failed in the object in view . Mr Buines and the Dissenters are quite as wild and determined in their resistance to the ' small go" as they could possibly have hern to the largest and boldest measure .
1 his hesitation and timidity on the part of the Minister has not been justified !> y anything in tiie conduct of either House of Parliament . Every disposition has been shown to support the Ministerial plans and an anxious desire to expedite the business of the nation at large . Weak as a patty , Ministers have on all great questions obtained large majorities , and , with few exceptions , a general desire to support them has been manifest cd . Sir Robert Peel
has been a coadjutor , not an opponent . Under these circnnulauces , there is no excuse for their failure . Parliament has exhibited a total absence of party obstmetiver . ess , and a readiness for the work before it , but Ministers want vigour to take advantage of that disposition . They have neither coinage nor earnestness sufficient to use the power which a peculiar state of parties has for the time being thrust upon them .
To one measure only which is still in progress can we look with satisfaction in this retrospect cf the semi-Session—the Ten Hours' Bill . Its triumphant success in the Lower House is almost a guarantee that it will pass through the Peers unscathed . It so , it will be the great legislative feature of the Session , and render 1847 memorable in the annak of Parliament , as being the year in which an agitation was consummated , which was originated b y Robert ; Owen in 1812 , raid has been continued by the working classes ever since under various leaders ,
with an earnestness , intelligence , courage and peacefulness which reflects upan them the highest honour . . But for this legislative consummation of these long-continued labours , let it be rcmemtierei that the Ministry , as a Ministry , can take no credit To the individual members uf the Cabinet who su pported it let all due honour be given ; but et not the fact of their having done so came forget fulness of the other fiiet . lliat it w : \* o ;> pos . ' il , aiid jtreuU msiy too , by several uf the most important ministers , in
eluding the UiancciU- of the Exchequer . In looking back to the ytar in which the factory slave filially achieved emandwitioii liom long hours of lio-wcaring toil , none will think of the Ministry as being entitled t ) gratitude in the matter . The review of their whole poliuv O . uriii- the portion of the Session we have gouj thi-. m-h proves them to bj . altogether u 1 me rgoncfos . oftli 8 tim . es , and that Irihh regeneration iu : d English reform will have to come fiom oiher Lauds .
Untitled Article
LEGAL . II . S ., Ncwent . —You may distrain for the eleven months rent , ami jour tenant being , I conceive , a munthlj tenant , you must give him , at least , one month ' s no ' - tiee to quit , and tlie pei-UJ of his quitting must be « t the end of a current mouth , commuted from the com msniccmcut ( if his tenancy , A Constant H&adeii , GMsgovr , —Se : id a copy of the agreement , a ? , without seeing It , I cannot give an opinion . II . —The only notice is the declaration , four days after service of which they can obtain judgment . II . A . L . —The brother of the iiece ; tse >! is compilable to aeeount Xo the wi-Aow and administratrix vi the de . ceased tVr all monies which wiim to his hand , or which lie received from the business after the dtath of the
deceased , for 1 am of opinion Unit the business must be considered to ha .-e been cairled onfor the benefit of the estate of ihe deceased , having been tarried un with ( MPitiil belonging to the deceased . A , Z . —If the brother of the deceased w 111 not render the widow ii fair account , and pay over the monies she TnustfileabiHin equity ajjaiiwt him , though before she actually ukes such » step , } ou had bitter inform me of the result of her application to the brother . The deceased having died intestc . tc and without Usue the widow is tntitled to one-half of the property , after pay . went of all debts , and the next of kin of the intestate to the other half ; and the intestate's brother , who carried on the business during the four months , is entitled to a . fairrinium-rati . m for UiB time an > i trouble . T . Morgan , Groat Malvcrn . —Apply to a magistrate uml he will deal with the can-.
J . M ., Newton Heath . —Let me know the number of shareholders . J . U ., Derby . —Mr Hoggart having « ent for lho surgeon is liable to the payment of the surgeon ' * bill , and also to compensation . Robert Todd , Yori . —Your second letter lias come 10 hnnd ; you necdsuid no stunps—bu \ Ig&irg too late this week , stall be answered in ti « n z . \ .
Untitled Article
B . L ., Halifax—in what year did yourfothTrTT ^ * die . and ... what „„ did Justice Lodge die an «? a wn , the nature of the property which , JU X £ ? cousin died possessed oft ' Itltl | er ' AN Isle of Wight Ciubtist .-Isc . The reKUuv proof of identity a * to the per 8 < m , i 8 8 Uffiei « t Lu' " the mnrrugo of tbe p .-mnta i 8 also proved ' ^ 2 nd . Some clergymen am strict and refuse whn , , child has not been baptised . ' Cle "'« David MoMi « ox .-irb « had lost his employment i . reason of tlie false character given by the foreman ' action for damages would have laid againn tl ... f *" mMi ; hut . iiot having lost his situation , the prohTw * lity is he would recover no damages and have to n the cost . If he thinks It worth his while to prt ) Cl ! rt again :. tliim by criminal information for a lib > . | h may do so , though I should not advise it in suVii case . " r — - , * ^ ^*^ f a
S . B ., Hamilton . —He is punishable under the act aeaiim tlis truclcsystem . 8 " B . fi . C—If the sale of the ale or spirits was authorised by the publican ' s license , tbe debt may be recovered > f contracted or acknowledged in writing within the last six years . W . * X ., Northwood . _ You have no right whatever to the property . . W . Cot , Doncastcr—Did your ujiclo leave you a Wacy or , vo you any thing by his will , which you have not received ? If he did , s « md me a copy of tbe A Constant REiDf . R .-lst . If the intestate ' s M , n survived his father , tlie son himself became entHltd to a distributive share of his father ' s personal mate aad such share non- belongs to the son's personal renr * . « -uta : ive ; but if the son died in his father ' s lifetime then the son ' s son is entitled to the share which his father would have been entitled to , bad he survival the intestate . ¦ °
2 n 4 . The female grandch Id has no- right to anv share of the property . ' ' 8 r . l . If the administrator refuses to account for and divide tlie wets , « ny of the next of kin may file a bill in Chancery against the administrator . 4 th . Tlie next of kin of the intestate are the persons entitled to administration . 5 ih , The property fcuing small , the expense will not be considerable . Thomas ir » itrEit —I have handed jour letters In Mr YVlkdev , to whom , or to Mr . Rider , your uumaiuniea tion . i oustht to have been addressed—I nut being con nectfid with the matters they referred to . E . J . J . G ., Coventry . —Maria SndUr and Ann Burgess ' liav . ing none of the blood of John Kidney , have not the remotest claim to the property . It would rather eseheat to the lord than t ; o to them
Notice . —Mr . Ernest Jones cannot unkr ! ake to answer any legal communications not addressed to himself and postnge-hcads must be enclosed with all Mteri requiring private answers .
MISCELLANEOUS . J . E Joses , Merthvr . -The thrc , questions asked would requirt an essay to answer fully ; and after it was written , it would only be the opinion of th- wr . f ~ on the subject , from which others might leghimattivdis sent . ^ As to the broad piinciple involved in ail the qUvStins , that of tiying representatives t . y u hi-h Standard of education , it must be obvious that , in pro . portion to the extent and variety of the km . « - ! edg « possessed by a legislator , the better nil he be abk- to perform his duties . Mr Bluxdkll , Liverpool . —You can get them on & : > y , ica . lion / to Mr Il-ynood , 58 , Oldhani Strctt , " Man . ch'Sttr . Hmi . ert Bottohlkv , Mirficld .-rMake tlie circumstance known to tlie Postmastcr-Geni-ial . " A Tiuvelleb , " and J . Cdmmikgs , Edinburgh—Next week .
To THE ClIARTKTS AN 0 MEMBERS CF TIIE LAND CoK . PANV THROUGHOUT TUE KINGDOM . —We , the CiKUtistS Of "ilston , beg most respectfully to inform jou that a very valuable and splendid tea tray , of the Victoria Gothic style , representing O'Connorville , in the richest colours , with a border iu imitation of rosewood edged and inlaid whh gold , got up by : i first-rate artist be . longing to the LandCorapaiiy . will be balloted ior at the house uf Mr Linney , High street . BiUton ; tl . eproceds to bs devoted to the Widows ' , Orphr . ns ' , Veterans ' , ana VictioiB' Fund . Wo havo roselvcd Ihe ballot shall he open to all p-jrties , and tlie number cf subscribers be unlimited- subscript ions 6 d . each . We earnestly entreat that every Chartist locality throughout the country « ill contribute to the support of those who
have suffered , and ar .- still suffwn ;; , for the glorious cause of Right against Might . Wheio the subscribers nre few , th .-y c : in tend the amount in post ^ -e-fitflinps , otherwise byPost-offloeOder , addressed to MrLinney , as above . The winner , ( iyl : o may bo proud of the prize ) no matter how distant his resiiltfiice nv-y be , will receive the tray , carriage paid , nw \ free cf all expense . Any parties desirous of sending niunrts for Old fladdy Richards , can forward the s .: ; ae Li Mr Liuney , Iligh-street , Uiiston . The nierr . b-rs of thi locality liave resolved ( wUli the trifles he rweives from his friends , and the Victim fund ) ih » y \\ i , \ keep him beyond the reach of want . A Public Supper will be held at the house ol Mr Josh . Linney , Hi ^ h-street , Bilston , on Tuesday , April the : > 7 th , to celebrate the departure of Mr Sh rt to his allotment at Herringsg . ite ; lil-ewisa to present Mr Wm . Furnival , secretary to this branch of the Land Company , with a present , as a token of respect for his gratuitous services . YV . W ., Royal Exchange . —No . We have , i cart-load o ! " " poetry" on hand ; it is impossible to print a tithe of what we receive . The article entitled " Ihe Politics of my H . art , " does you credit . Dal « toh . —The " Report" shall appear in rvir ne \ t . Mr Peicuy . —Your letur with Mr O'Connov ' s reply thall appear in our nest . Wiso . ATE-Ga » . NQE .- We CiU acknowledge jour com . munie ition in a previous numb . r . Is yo-. u-iiuims-. ioD from the " masters " or the " mon ! " W . 1 ' ., Aberdeen —Receired .
Untitled Article
TIIE MURDER IN SIIOREDITCII . At the Central Criminal Court on TimyaclaT . T . Hrook' s , n « eil 21 , described as a ; i r . inbrc ! ' 'ln ,-m ; : ker , was plact-d in the dock , ci avsjed with the v , i \ ud . ^ . ur tier of W . Gobart . Mr UlVke stated tlse case to the jury , t he facts of which have bstn recently before the piibirv . Richaid Eaton , a tin-plater , 3 , Cock-aliey , Shoreiliteii . — lli-collected on Wednesday , the ITth oi March , being near llnroalley . llu ' wcni ti . are ahnut 1 ( 1 minutes to 10 . Jjui . es VaUkins ant . 1 the deceased wero with him . Tito deceased desired him tacaiithe prisoner , and he went and cnkil out , " Turn , come down ; bill wants to speak to \ on . ' The-tki eased
wished the prisoner to niv . ; him tho tickets that wore in his box , and tho pi-isoim- answered that ho would n > t » ive thorn to him until lie . had paid hitu , arul ho did not kn . n ,- that , hi ! would « ive them to him then ; and if ho ( the deceased ) would stop there a niiuuio he wuui . t uut ; i Uiiet thiot ^ h his head . He ( the witness ) th'jsi siiti . Til w > t stop here to be shot at , " and he went ( il " . li > left Vadkins and the deceased in the entui . Shortly at ' terwanlti he went up stairs t >> his own room , aud heard the report of a gun . lie then went down ? tairs and saw the dtct < t > ci . l lying a " , tiie dour in ; i jioul of blood . The prisouer was nut llitrc . lie Uicu went for a doctor .
Jitmes YadUins ar . d Cluwles Eutun gave Muiilav evidence . Mary Jams , the younger , resides in U . ve Alloy , in the same house as tiie prisoner . She 1- ; . pt company with the prisoner , and \ v . x ^ sittini : ai iilu : door on the 17 th of M ; in : h . Some words aroso bjt ' . veen the prisoner and lUc ' sard Eaton , but iht diil ;¦ recoi-Ucied tho wurds . " God strike nio dead / ' She then went up stairs but . did not renmlr . ; i siv . i . r . ont , awl whensho eiiino downstair . ! a _; a ' . n m ! io t . r . v the deti-asud st-ituliii " at the top * t * the ccniri , ,.:. ¦ which time Richard Eivoti and the prisoner \ vt : \! star-ding there , Rnd she saw tliu deceased > triUe the pii-ioner on the forehead three or i ' utir times ; ihcs ^ tvca&d also challenged the prisoner to su uuc to Cock-lane to li ^ ht , and the prisoner s . iiii it « ua not worth his while to touch him : th- > u . f . i went
out 10 S'Hntditch , but sho slopped u niiwisnt . Tliort ! wore halt' a d-zjii pef > i » Io in the court ; thii-e were Charley Jvuon : » iiu D . cky E aon , nmj all of them said , that " they had a good hout at Tom Brookes '? , and if they hud a oallet they would blow his brains out "—they " v . vu ' . d blow his nose oJF . " Tho < U ceased said , ' ' No , but if I had a »« od knife I would stick it into hhu . " All of them then went out to Cuck-laiio . Mie went into Shoreditch to get a herrng fur her sipuor ami directly she returned she heard the report , ui . ! tun . She was not absent but a few moments The y * 'ner was not one of the six pcrsm-. s who went uat io I ' ocklane . \\ hen she catno back fell over di .-cii-td V body it the door , and sho went up to her laotiMt ' b ; toni , where sho saw the prisoner stanuiu- a : lie dn ¦ ¦ ¦ ; . and lie hung round her neck , and said , ] Xran ii , i have dune it .
Marv lSraoUs said t \ wt the prisoner .- ; r " sto-and the deceased had lived u » ether fbv eights- , n lin-nths , and tliu prisoner was quite aware of th- rac ! , i' -. ! t it did not seem to annoy him , nor a % lav w she k » c did that circunistauco create any quarrel iwe ® the deceased and the prisoner . Mr Clarksun then addressed the : x v :. c the prisoner in a very able aud eloquent upeei ii . Mr Justice Coleridyc summed uo , ai-. i liw jury dejiveved a venttet , of " Manslaughter , '' w . i -ii the prisoner was sentenced to transportatij-. ' -j - ; : ; .- .
Untitled Article
Tub Lath Accident on the So"n W-stsbsi Railway . —Tho man ( Glassier ) who \ x eivt-J such fiisshlful injuries on Good Friday evtnr" at the Nine Elms statws of the South \ Vest--rii Kii ^ -ayi * progressing tci-v favourably . Uo Um « eril t ,. amputation of the lower part of the right Je- tun alter iM . admuuon into St Thomas ' s liiwiit ? , . , wiiivh ha boro with wonderful fortitude . Tue ' •¦ ¦ i" 3 ' is 80 much pushed , and tho bones are in « ucV : Viniur «< condition , that very faint hopes are " cntertiii" * " * of saving the limb , which it is feared will likewise require amputation , 'ihe scalp wounds an . ' it * lraC ' turcd arm are goinpon reryn-eiJ The Kino of Holland Tub lUoun V ' - 'i ¦*¦"* Tne health of the king lias improved , w-. j ' i ' : ; : Dfi «" severely indisposed .
The Northern Star Sat0uda.Y, April 10, 1817.
THE NORTHERN STAR SAT 0 UDA . Y , APRIL 10 , 1817 .
Co Realm's Vsr Ccmsdohte Is.
Co Realm's vSr CcmsDOHte is .
Untitled Article
THE KATEPAYiNG CLAUSES . When a radical change is being struggled for , we have always regarded as an act of doubtful policy the direction of the public energies towards a halfmeasure , not involving the fuli principle upon wbich the change is advocated . This objection does liot , however , exist as regards the agitation for the Repeal of t' -. e Ratepaying Clauses . The principles which are opposed to the clauses are the same on which universal suffrage is advocated . TAXATION BEFORE REPRESENTATION , ' is the great legislative evil
uiv . icr which the country suffers . Taxation btfore representation , is the foundation on which the ratepaying qualification is based . The object of all law * should be , to leave as little power as possible in Unhands of suchsubordiuate functionaries ; as from their circumstances they are open to bribery , ami from their position subservient to party influence . Now , the Rntepaying Clauses arc the very agents Vfhich create this nncons' . itmional power . We all know that municipal elections , and the appointment oj parochial officers , are but , in general , the
manifestations of party preponderance j when the time for parliamentary elections comes , the municipal authorities will be sure to use their power in the interest of the party to which they beiong , and additional poor-rates , arbitrarily imposed , may disfranchise many a political opponent , while rigour or leniency , both transgressing the law , may be used with an effect but too subversive of individual liberty . It b absolutely necessary , ior the sake of verifying the promises of the lleform Act itself , that these clauseb should lie repealed—it is doublv necessary for tin
sake o * " Reform . The Reform Act was intended to establish the franchise , on the babis of a proper !) qualification alone ; it has , however , been further limited to a rate and tax-paying qualification : thu ^ , while the act was stated not to be a final measure , but a progressive one , we find that it has been retrogressive in its entire tendency , and has thrown the accumulated weight of different restrictions on the undeniable right of every sane adult to the franchise-Every cftbrt to subvert so injurious a monopoly must be hailed with delight ; the more so in this instance , since every argument urged in favour of a UcpSal of tlie Ilalenayiug Clauses must unavoidably involve the principles of universal suffrage ; and thus , on the wings o f the Press , that dares not pass over parliamentary eluijucncc iu silence , give publicity to those principles which it has vainly endeavoured fo stifle , when it found itself unable to refute . Again : this speck ' s of restriction taken off the franchise , would t « . il much to extend its limics , and infuse some democratic blood in the constituencies ; it would facilitate that great desideratum , the return of Chartist members ! o the House ; and moreover , at the eve of a general election , it will be the test bv which to
distinguish the friend from the foe—since all those who vote AGAINST us , and all those who vote NOT AT ALL , must be set down under the latter category . We trust the public will strengthen Mr Buncombe ' s hands on the occasion of his renewed motion on the lieform Act , since it is not individual eloquence that can convince the hirelings of a party , determined to close their tars to the voice of right ; it is- not a reluctance to break iheir solemn compact \\ itli the nation that can infiueuce the concoctors of that great juggle , the llefunu Act ; but it is Uie fear of the people that can alone tame TYRANNY INTO EXPEDIENCY , force FRAUD into JUSTICE , and FINALITY into PllOGRESSlUN .
Untitled Article
police spres . A correspondent of the Morning Chronicle cslls attention to the fact that scarcely an assizes is now held that policemen do not qivc evidence against prisoners which they Lave obtained by either listening at the ceils , or within the ceils by dressing themselves in disguises , and pretending to have been committed for son-. e offence I
At a recent trial at Oxford , it came out that two policemen had been placed in tiie same ceil with the prisoner * , disguise ;! , —one in a smnck frock , the other in some ordinary dress , for the purpose of entering into conversation with and obtaining evidence ayainst them ! One of these spies pretended that he was in for a felony ; tbe other fov bastardy . This villanous system ia becoming the established rule . The knowledge of tliia by the people , joined to the excessive insolence and gross brutalitv of
threefourths of " the force , " excites universal odium against the present " guardians of the peace and order of society . " Hence the police force La * no moral power—none care to assist thsra , even when engaged in a righteous duty . The atrocious perjuries of the police in connexion with the Dagenham murder , to s =. y nothing of the suspicion of darker crimeB . is an indication of the utter want < of truth and morality pervading the ranks of the : P » 2 sent constabulary . It is high time that a re-JJorw . of this body was eflkt * 3 , and it is disgraceful
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4 . TH ^ E > J ; O Ri ¥ li ^ R ^ QS'T A&n v ^ A pru 10 iiw * - ~ " ' - i ' ¦ - ^—— ' ¦ i ¦¦ ¦¦ _ - -
I Just Published ,. Xo. I, (Price 6d.) Of The Labourer,
i JUsT PUBLISHED ,. Xo . I , ( price 6 d . ) of THE LABOURER ,
Observe.
OBSERVE .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 10, 1847, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1413/page/4/
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