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THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, MAT 1, 18tf.
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OBSERVE.
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Co Heatrers ¦& Carre$ijonUetT&
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Sow Reaiiv, a Nenr Edition of MR. O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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To be had at the NnUcm Star Office , 16 , Great Wind mai Street ; and of Abel Hey wood , Manchester . / ' . ;
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IMPORTANT TO EB 4 IGRANTS . AGBICOLTORIST 8 and other * way purchase 150 ACRES OF BICH TIMBERED tAN » TS " WBSTERN VIRGINIA , dtteribed 6 jr General Wash * byto * as tte Garden of Amenta , for £ 2 S 8 s . 8 d . Sterlingj ABOUT . THREE SHILLING 3 PER ACRE . £ Z ^ 12 s . only to be paid down , the remainderin FIVE A ^^ uAL PAYUENTS . Forfnrther information apply to-CHARLES WILLMEU , American Land Ojjhe , STANLEY BOTIDIVCS , BATH STREET , LIVERPOOL . Of wiom may be had a Pamphlet on'Emigration , in which these Lands are fully described , and the terms of sale explained , by sending three postage stamps to' free the same .
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KOTICE . The Shareholders of fte NATIONAL LAND COMPANY are hereby informed that . . ¦ A GRAND DEMONSTRATION Win take place at O'COSNOKTILLE , HERTS , On Whit Monday . May 24 th , lSiT , To commemorate the Anniversary of the Company . The Directors not having succeeded in . obtaining a specia ! train from London for the occasion , the Metropolitan members arc recommended to proceed to the estate by ran or railway . Day tickets to and from Watford can behadatEoston-square station , foe 2 s . 64 . each . The branches will make their own arrangements immediately . The tune and place of starting for vans and other vehi cles will be announced in a future notice . Bt OaoEE of thb Dissctohb . a # « vavaa v « AOb A 7 ilOVlun 9 >
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. a # « vavaa v « AOb A 7 ilOVlun 9 > IMPORTANT TO PHOTOGRAPHISTS . K application'was made on the 22 nd Srptimber , to { V . the Yice-ChanceUor of England , bf At . Beard < rho , acting under a mostextraerdiny delnsun , considers iimseif the wle patentee of the Photographic process !) to restrain MR . ESERTON , of 1 , Temple-atriot , and US , Jfleet ^ treet , rom taking Photographic Porb . uis , -which te itM-lip . a rJWKa , « nt »« Jj » . aiffiareHt ftoi > . aadverj " epenor to Mr . Beards , and at ono-hoiruiecifrge . His Honour refused the application in toto . : Kb license required to practice this process , which is taught by Mr . Egerton iu a few lessons at a moderate ekvse- Alt tho Apparatus , Chemicals , < £ c . to ba had as usual * thia Denot . 1 , Temple-street , Wnitefriars .
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AUXILIARY TO THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY .
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TO TAILORS . FfWIE LONDON AND PARIS SPRING AND SUMMER A ^ FASHIONS for 1817 , are now ready , fey BEX . JAMB READ and Co ., 12 , Hart-straet . Blownsbury ^ aare , London ; and by G . Berger , Holywell-strett , S& ^ nd . May be had of aU booksellers wheresoevesre-A n v ? approbation of her Majes ^ Queen Victoria and H . K . H . Prince Albert , a Splendid Priu ^ heautifolly coloured , andexquisitelyexecnted , thewholevervsuperior to anjaun ^ of the land ever before published , f Ids beau , titai print will be accompanied with the most fashionable , fell size , Frock , Dress , and Riding Coat Patterns—a complete Paletot , much worn in the Spring as an over coat-and a youth ' s new , fashionable Hussar Jacket thsurtsthe
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BALDNESS EFFECTUALLY REMOVED . A SUaGEOSre « idinginCorkJ > aTing , ' ui . the course of £ X his PractJcc , had fais attedVh particularly directed « ii S . S ?? uiredgreate ) t P erienM in t " TREATMENT OF CAPILLART DISEASES , bags to inform those per-» cs ^ cteJwith-BALDXESS ( whether in youth or ^ adancefftoltfei-may , hyamost simple . process , REPROJ . XC that necessary ornament . Parties applying wilrreos : r » to endoss a smaU quantity ofAair , aud a fee of five sJulimgs . by post-office order , ia favour of Surgeon Edward Williams , 13 , Henry-street . Corks wiiea tlie ne . tas * aryiiutmcSons will be forwarded by return o % » st .
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A GOOD FIT WARRANTED . SUPERFINE BLACK CLOTHES made to order at the Gbhat Westebk Empokidjj , 1 and 2 , Oxford ^ f ^ ' ; f'oaoos , which neither spot nor change colour , l . m . v aios the complete suit of any size . These clothes nasnp ^ " !! 11 ^? 1 w * oibel Tai ! oriuS ^ Establishment . USsDELL and Co . 's , Fine Llama Cloth , for light over Srf&f c a ^ ? Ser at £ 1 12 s ' Theferjfinsstdnly ia , ^ iw for duralnhty and el egance cannot be surpassed T « thsilkhiun s , 3 s « xtra . l Oanibuses to andfiom the City , stop at the establish , meut every minute of the day .
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fag " GEST . " -Thegentisof comnaratiTely late ercabop . we has sprang from the original rude mi . tutored man by combinations of chance and cultivation , in the same manner as the later varieties oJ fancy pippjns have been produced , by the devices of atUul marketiatdeners , from the originahtccfc vfild crab ofthe hedges . The fashion which scats Lave otoaasuraall ? addressing as " my pippin" favours fta analogy : and when tiiey use the fi 5 nre of speech , thej pronounce it as follows-piacing great stress on the first letter , and then waitins awhile for the rest - UllomyP-. lpp - ra Afte > much diHjient in Testigation , we find no raenUon made of the scat in thew ^ ngs of autho rs whofloorishe d antecedent to the last ten years . In tbe o ? der works we meet with backs » and » sayblades - ana "pretty fellows ;" and later with " men upon town , " " swell * , " and "downyones , " or"kcowioffcoves : " hnt tl , « ., „« .
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JPST ^ lTftMSHBD , = . Ko . i ,. ( price 6 d . ) of THE LABOURER , Monthly Magaiin ' e of Politics , Literature , Poetry , 4 c . . ' ; ' . ; ' '¦ ' . \ ' m * ti ¦\ ' . ' - : . l . i ' C- ' ¦ .. ' ¦ > . . Fsuo <» O'Cesiaos , Bit ., ahd EasiBT Joneb , Esq ., . ( Barristers-at-Iaw . ) ; ; . The Democratic Movement in this eouatry being wholly deficient in a monthly organ , the above magazine is esta . blished to remedy this deficiency . Placed by lovrness of price within the reach of all , yat equal to its more expensive csmptti ' . iM . it embraces the following features : — I ^ THE LAND AND THB BABOURia , or the progress and position of the National Land Company , and all nteresting facts connected with the culture and produce of the soU , 2 .-THB POOR MAN'S LEGAL MANUAL , ( by an eminent Barrister , ) giving allneceeaary legal information for the express use of allottees on the land ,, and the working olassesin general . S . —THE HISTORY OF THE WORKING CLASSES - Compiled from ¦ sourc&a hitherto carefully hidden from , the public eye , narrating the encroachments on their rights , and tha wild and daring insurrections , by which they endeavoured to regain them , —being a lesson for the fatore , derived from th « past . t . —POLITICS OF THE DAY , comprising the state of England apd Ireland , the Chartist and Trades' Hove , ment , an analysis of proceedings in Parliament , and a summary of news at home and abroad . 5 . —POETRY AND ROMANCE , since these are impor tant branches of educational progression ; and some of file first democratic authors have undertaken to furnish narratives of intense andvivid interest . Such publications will bo renewed as deserve the atten ion of the People . CONTEKT 3 . 1 . May Day , a Poem , by Ernest Jones . 2 . Letter of an Agricultural Labourer . 3 . The Jelly Young Poacher . 4 . The Phase of Political Parties . 5 . The Confessions of a King . 6 . The Insurrections of the workini Classes . 7 . The land . - 8 . The Romance of a People . 9 . The Queen ' s Bounty—A Legend of Windsor . 10 . The Monthly Review . :, ., THE PORTRAIT of an eminent Chartist will accompany the ensuing number . . : Letters ( pre-paid ) to be addressed to tueEdifors , 1 Gre » f W indmill Street . HasmaA ^ .-l ^ ndQn . - . . Orders received UylOagents for the 'JJorthern Star , " and all booksellers in town and country .
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Early in Hay , price 6 d . ( printed from the Short-hand Writer ' s Sotes , ) ' THE TRIAL OF THE ' MECHANICS AT LIVERPOOL on the 2 nd and 3 rd of April , 1847 ; with Narrative , Notes , Cases , &c , and an Abstract of the Indictment . Edited by W . P . Roberts , Esq . Manchester : AbelHeywood , Oldham-street ; and all Booksellers . '
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, All correspondence , reports of public meetings , Char . tist aad Trades' Intelligence , and general questions , must be addressed to Mr G . J . Hasnxi , "Northern Star Office , " 16 , Great Windmill Street , London . ¦ ; All legal questions , and matters of local news , not noticed in provincial papers , and requiring comme t , to be addressed to Mr Ekxebt Jones 4 s above . ' 'All questions respecting Bills introduced into the Legislature , Acts of Parliament , their meaning and intent , &c ., and questions respecting the Ministry , and the members of the two Houses of Parliament , to be addressed to Mr George Fleming , " Northern Star" Office . All questions , connected with the management of land , and touching the operations of building , cultivation , < fcc , to be addressed to . . MrO'CtanroB , -. ' Lowbands , Bed llarley , Ledbury ,
. . . Worcestershire . All communications of Agents , and all matters of account , to be addressed te Mr . W . Eider , "Northern Star Office , " 1 G , Great "Windmill Street , London . All Applications for magazines to be made through Mr . M'Gowau , Printer , as above . ¦¦ ¦•¦ . ¦ 73 " All reports of meetings holden in any part of England " on the Sunday , must be at this office by Tuesday ; reports of meetings held on the Monday must be at the office by Wednesday . This rule is for "Trades , " as well as " Chartist" and " Land Company" meetings . Notices : of "Forthcoming Meetings , " and correspondence requiring answers , must be at the office by Wednesday , at the latest . "Letters" commenting on public - questions ; intended for insertion in full , must be at the office by Tuesday . The communications of correspondenla not attending to the above regulations will stand over . :
The Northern Star Saturday, Mat 1, 18tf.
THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , MAT 1 , 18 tf .
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hat—Free Trade gilded the aspect of poverty with a fallacious glory , but light has only tended to show the gulf it has failed to fathom , at the brink of which the people are struggling with a faction , and down whose abyss one or the other must inevitably all . : The plague-note has been sound'din Ireland , and the famine-cry is answering it from England and the Highlands . Some may smile at the thought of English famine , when raey ~ gazs vu tit ? pionty that surrounds them . That plenty night be seen in Ireland , while the com ships were leaving the
THE PEOPLE AND THEIR RULERS . With the better promises of the Past unrealized , but its darker anticipations of the Present verified by Famine and Pestilence , and the forebodings of the future overclouded by gloomy visions of calamity , it behoves us , like travellers journeying under the shadow of an approaching tempest , to see where we can mid shelter before the hour of its outburst . The sun of Whiggery is fast setting , amid those clouds which it had long been charging with thefires of a nation ' s anger , over broken promises ' and disappointed hopes . It shot up a bright gleam at its
harbours of the south and east , though the dogs were devouring the dead in the churchyards . We say to the Government , you are behind in your legislation , when you let the evil surprise you before you rise to grapple with it—the time to provide against a people ' s wants is not when the food is gone , but before it goes ;—arid we ask those who scorn the fears of a famine , to look at its precursors in the empty mills and smokeless chimneys of our factories , and to recollect , that for every hour in which the loom is silent
and the jnill . is cold , there will be . so much less of fire on the cottage hearth , and so much less of food upon the poor man ' s table . It is bad , indeed , that the sustenance of a nation should depend upon a turn of trade , the glut of a market , or the speculation of an individual .,. It is bad , indeed , when the people ' s prosperity * has no firmer basis than this ; it is worse still , when the competitive plan , for which the stability of a country ' s industry and agriculture has been sacri-Seed , turns out a failure at the moment when its first promises were to be triumphantly realised .
But our legislators willed it so . the people permitted it , and they must bear the penalty . Yet they must not bear iV patiently—they must not look on their own folly as a visitation of . God , or on their own supirieness as a want of power . Whit else could be expected when home trade was sacrificed to f oreign competition . and our own soils were neglected . that the foreign corn-factor arid English manufacturer might
divide the spoils of Iabour , between them ? In seeking for a market , our producers closed the best market they could have had—the most steady and the most certain—that which is afforded by the home consumption of our working classes ; they impoverished those classes , thinking , by the ruin of the foreign manufacturer and the English producer , to absorb the wealth of both . . But the former showed more
forethought than the English-working man—for he fathomed , the setieme , and Belgium , France ) Germany , Russia , and America , refuse to look on in idleness while we flood the world with' our manutares . They are up and stirring too they arerivalling us in their markets , ' and the time may come Vfhen , they wiU ' compete with us in our own . Thft factory lords begin to look with a doubtful
eye towards the future , artd cannot see their way through its embarrassments ; meanwhile , the ' cause of the evil is working on unabated —pauperism begets pauperism , ' and reacts in its effects upon its cause;—and > still more - to darken the prospect , overglulted as the labour market is " already , the population of the country keeps increasing annually by nearly half a ' million . The charm of "buy . ing chear ^ was to render our factory : lords iuvin .
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cibfc } they' forgot that ff buying cheapr ' audi selling de ar / J which , meant ;^ buying . labour at . a , niggard rate r that its produce niigatbe sbldrat , an usurious one , would , in realityy still further paralyse their j resources , should the foreign market fail . And ' what it the result ? A pauper population , that , as soon as trade is' bad , begins to piufitiesmall capitalist downward with a heavy weight , while , the . greater money lord is vainly . endeavouring to lull the storm , whioh law-made destitution must inevitably cause . What will be the consequence ? We repeat , that it ia beginning to ruin the [ middle classes , tbe small
shopkeeper and the , retail tradesman ,, by withdrawing from them their best , and steadiest customers / Thus we learn from the ' Manchester Guardian ] of Wednesday , that in Oldham , where the cotton trade is notoriously in a less depressed condition than ' in any other . town , the shopkeepers have in this way lost no less than £ 6 , 000 since the mills have recently commenced working short time ! . What will be the consequence , we ask ? That the proverb of- " grasp-all , lose ^ ll , " will agaia be realised ; that the rich monopolist will be hurled off his money-throne , and whatever consequences
may occur , will be on the heads of tliose who created the destitution causing such , results . We are not drawing top dark a picture ; the English working man is not an exception from human nature ; wero he so , we should'think less well of him .- Since the beginning of the world , monopoly , famine , pestilence , and insurrection have been successora to each other aa by " right dime : '' -they caused the French Revolution ; it is they who'teach'the'Irishman to arm , —it is they who drive the spirit of endurance to rebellion , violence , and bloodshed . It is because we wish to obviate such calamities that we write thus :
he is no friend to a people wtto remains looking on » in silence , and , when the catastrophe arrives , tells you coolly , lforesawit . lit is our duty totwara in time —and the more bo , since we are convinced that the remedy . will never ' opine from the Government , but must be sought for at the hands of the people . Wo are justified in this assertionby tlie fact of Government , no matter of what party- ( it wa 3 always the party of the Rich against the Poor)—by'the . fact of Government ,-we say , having proved itself
inadequate to every crisis that has occurred . When we wanted the education worthy of freemen they gave us slavery , the parent of ignorance ; when we wanted liberty they gave us State Church / omis , and political reforms , the parents of thraldom ; and , now that strong anai , aad . mea with' available , though small capital , are required to till and improve the uncultivated soil , they ehcourage emigration ; which , of course , drainsaway the strongest , and those still possessed of means ; and now , in the eleventh hour , now in the midst of national calamity , now that wears in want of food , they give us " education . " .
The remedy is . obvioua and easy . Create a home trade , by raising the . working . olassea into better oir * ciimstances , and this may be done by drawing the surplus from the labour market oa to the Land * and by lessening the self-destroying competition for . work , in' the establishment of working men ' s own shops . The Land Company and the Trade Unions are working on towards this end . The necessary tendency must be the raising of wages , as the , unwaoleaome competition dies away—and by the same rule , by which " evil grows by th ; it it feeds upon , "—taus gsod again
eugenders good . The fact of working-men being able , through co-operation , to set up for themselves as landowners and mahuiacturers , and of raising by these means the wa % es of those left iu the labour market , creates in . these latter that , veiy class of home consumers * without which national . enterprise , oi whatsoever' kind it may be , can have no ' sound foundation , and no ' heaitby life . Thu 3 Co-operation being thus the iever that first moves the machinery—once in motion , it not only sustains but increases its own power , while it is impassible that the capitalist can tum ' thia hew source of wealth tu his own exclusive benefit ; since , from the very nature
of things / the co-operative principle must inevitably be the death of that' which' was only created to exUi upon moaoply . And even in the field of capital : — what individual resources can coapete with . the accumulating capital of a co-operating people ?—wh \ V can , outbid those in the market , who have their labour at '{ first-hand ,, and ! ; feel . ' theinterest oi reaping themselves the produce of that labour , must give to its completion ? We are justified , then , ia looking to the people , and the people , only , as the source whence political and social reform must emanate ; and we ' are justified in doing so with a confident hope of success , when we regard the attitude assumed by the working classes , of this
country * -Not alone have they conceived and ap . predated sound plans for their guidance , but they have the enterprise to execute and the courage to defend them . Keed we again point to the success of the Land . Company and Trades Unions ?—or shall we again point to the general rally tor the People ' s Charter , and . the stand against oppression whieh the Trades are ¦¦ making' ; . in the case " of iuo > Yamngton ' Con : piracy ? We are gkd to learn , that the ' ; men : or Manchester are in the field , coDJointly . with their brethren through ' out the country--and that they aregoiri g to rally in
their noble Hall , in behalf ' of their suffering , fellowworkmen , who have beea convicted at the Liverpbol Assizes . It is * - " necessary ' -that every ' Chartist and Trades unionist should raise his protest against that act of tyranny , and do more than protest—he must remit by every legal and constitutional means in his power . ; . No men could' be " under better legal guidance than - that of . Mr Roberts , ' and we augur confidently of the effects his skill will have in extracting Justice out of Law . No man could exercise his power in a more constUutioual way , than by bringing the force of public opinion to bear on those
who magnify the evil of laws that are bad ; by an administration of them that is worse . We further hail with satisfaction the manly and open course adopted by the men of Sheffield , in calling a-public meeting for Monday ' next / to petition for tlie removal from the magisterial chair . of Mr Wilson Overend , who sentenced three respectable men to three months' imprisonmerit , forattending as & ^ deputation on an employer . True , the conviction was quashed . Would it have beenquashed , we aslj , were it not for these expressions of the public will and feeling ? This is ' as it should ba—the public ejre should watch over a public servant , and call vHim before the tribunal of public , opinion , where , 'i f ;
innocent , he will find his safeguard in tliose laws , whichi if guilty , should never for -a " moment screen him- in the wilful exercise of authority . We shall devote all due attention to theae'impoitant meetings , and open our columns to a full report of them , and the Trades' proceedings . Vlfe have only to add , if such should not appear in the ' Star , " the fault will not lie with « j . We trust th ' eae meetings will not be the itinly ouM . A pubUtf'inovem ent cannot brook- to pause until . ; itsobjeothas been gained ; it loses more in one month ' s inaction than it can regain in . a twelve months' > nergy . j and now that the eye of PoWeri . is ^ on " uv wejmust not betray any weakness or instability , or . be guilty of the crime of apathy . '••; .. ' ¦¦¦ ¦ - ;¦ ' ¦ ¦ > .-. ¦ ¦'
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trum tof Corn : Law : Repe - al / * a 3 ythei pttMcea tfl » | all national ' eyils , the c ^ i n ^ rerarsot 'bf ^ en ^ brea "! , h ! gh , wages | andplen ^ rio do , we repeatedly ^ ip ^ Md theiallacy ' bf their " statements ; . arid . the '; d ertaiaty that , ^ unless that measurk was ' acwmp ' aniedvby / other more sweeping and radical changes , that we should again be yisited-by : those" periodical stagnations , of trade which have sofrequently . chequered the commercial history ? -of this country . The facts have justified the prediction , even sooner than we anticipated . The glowing pictures of the League orators
may now be contrasted with the melancho ' y realities to be found in ali the great hives of our manufacturing industry . ^ According to . the las t returns , out of the 40 , 000 employed in the cotton trade in Manchester , 7 , 000 are entirely out of work , 14 , 000 are partially at work three days , and 19 , 000 four to five days a week . The spinners and manufacturers of the neighbouring towns are not a whit better off . In Rochdale , out ^ of thirtyreight mills thirteen are working full time , nineteen short time , and six are entirely stopped . In Middleton , out of eleven mills
five are working full time , tour short . time , and two stopped . Royton , with sixty-three mills , has eighteen on full , time ! forty-one short time , three stopped . . Whit worth , with sixty-seven mills , twenty are at . work full time , thirty-nine short , and eight stopped . At Todmprden , Stockport , Blackburn , Ashton , and other places , a similar state of things prevails . ' ' By specific returns , it appears that in six . principal manuFacturing towns , containing altogether 382 mills , 212 are working little more than half time ,- and 44 have stopped work altogether , leaving only 172 of the whole number in full work .
Of the 71 , 215 hands usually employed when these milk are at work , 34 , 564 are now fully employed , twenty : six thousand five hundred and ten are half employed , ten thousand one hundred and forty-one are absolutely and totally idle , and all still iri ' etnployment ate threatened with a reduction of wages . The papers . speak in a tone of alarm as well' as despondencyi- , The Manchester' Courier ^ says that a very uneasy feeling is abroad ; that former , attempts at reductions have always been the forerunners of disturbances ; and it is not surprising , under the circumstances , that it should be so now . .
Mere figures , however , though they may convey aoraething Uke an idea of the extent : of the evil , can impart no definite conception of the nature of the misery endured by the . poor ; victims of our unjuat system . We havetbeen horrified by the reports jn the papers as to the wretchedness of the people of Skibtiereen , and the natural indignatiou aroused by such appalling relations has been freely poured out upon the heads of the * Irish lanji . lords , whose duty it was asserted to be to have ' preserved those dependent upon them from such
extreme- misery . We can , however , now find parallels to such cases in the' metropolis of : the manufacturing world itself .. The Manchester Town Mission has given to the world facts which strikingly exhibit theJwofulcondition of those ' dependent on the wealthy capitalists of that town ; -Thirty-four individuals were found huddled together in a House consisting of four small ^ apartments , and ' , fortyrone in another of five small rooms , nineteen people being in one instance ' crowded into one apartment . The inhabitants of these miserable pest-houses have not
employment , and they have not food . In cellars hardly , fit for the proper lodging of pigs , human beings waste away under the iron-handed grasp of Famine , in one , a man , his wife and children , were found without work , the children nearly ' naked , and nothing to sleep upon except a few shavings , spread upon the damp flagged floor . -These are specimens of the extrertfe destitution and' suffering which is endured in . sight of the ' palatial warehouses and vast ranges of mills > rected by the cotton lords . . The poor artizan and operative is ' pdwerleas' in the
matter . He " is the helpless jlave of a vicious system . If markets fail at : home or abroad , if , money mongers , find it profitable to speculate in a way wWch t ^ ro'ws them out of work ; or if such a turn in . tlie market takes place as attracts the gold , which is the basis of our currency , to other countries , the workmen have , under existing . arrangements , no means whatever of escaping from evils they have not caused , or the pernicious and direful effects of a system over which they possess not the slightest control . If the downward progress of these districts is not speedily arrested , we may
look for a repetition of the industrial insurrection ^ 1842 ; under hiore disastrons influences .. The scarcity and high price of previsions must materially add to , and aggravate the misery suffered by " the poor ' at all times from a ; cessation of employment . Nor can it be wondered at , that despair and desperation should be engendered amongst people , wlidjin the midst of abundance of real wealthTwhicli tliey have assisted to produce , find themselves lodged in damp cellars , with shavings for their beds rags for their clothing , and empty cupboards to meet the cravings of their own nature , and tha t of their own families . .
The stoppage of business in these districts is ' ascribed mainly , to the sudden putting on of the screw by the Bank of England . It has almost entirely refused to discount even the best paper , and the . discount charged on the bills . it does take is nearly treble the ordinary rate . 'Itis also charged witli having hastily and unduly contracted the amount of money in circulation , -in consequence of thelarge sums drawn from its , coffers to pay for foreign , provisions . This' is denied ; and certainly
the returns do not show the reduction » f notes in circulation asserted , hut they do show a very heavy drain upon the bullion in its coffers , to pay for the food •* we * have had to purchase abroad . Tlie Free Traders predicted that our foreign customers would take goods , not gold , from us in exchange for their commodities . ; : " Here we have another illustration of their reasoning , and a specimen of the manner , in whichtrade raayjie expected to be carried on in future . ... ¦ . ¦ ¦ . ..... . . ¦ .
We do not profess to be ; deeply versed in the mysteries ; of the money market , or iu the use of the slang ' phrases' byjwhich the operations ( if the Hpecu . lators therein are described ; but . there can , we think , be little- doubt of the fact , that the sudden curtailing of discounts , and a simultaneous raising of the rates , has had very much to do with the production of that stagnation in trade wliictinow exists , ami which , threatens . to deepen into a regular panic . ¦¦ ¦ ¦ • i
The conduct of the Government on the subject is most suspicious- and alarming ; It was mooted on Monday night by , Lord G . Bentinck , iii a , speech of decidedly an alarmist character . The Chancellor » f theExchequer was forced into ; along explanation , in which he contrived to blink the veal fact at issue . Taking advantage of the statement ; that , the Bank had contracted the amount of its paper circulation , he went on to prove , elaborately , that it had not dote
sii . Grauting that it lias not , is the dimculty get rid of ? No ; the complaint of the mercantile nun is , that the usual discounting of bills has beeu sud denly and violently remitted . .. This contraction ,: cr almost denial , of the usual facilities , came upon the mercantile sohimuiiity like a tliunder-clap , ami b « 8 almost paralysed trade ever since . Yet , notwithstanding the necessity for having this subject promptly and decidedly investigated and settled , tlie Government suffered nearly a week to elafse without the debate being resumed ' ; frequent Cabin ; t meetings being held in the meantime . This shows there is « 8 OTBelWng , roUen in the ' state of Den--nark , " and that the financial blumlering , natural to
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the party , has already ^ put it in a'fix . " " If siich things areiiphe . m ' the / green tree , what will be done in the dry ?" , if at the end of the first year of : the Whigs in office we find the country rapidly approaching a state of industrial and monetary ;; disorganization , what . may we , not expect when they have been four or'five years longer in power ? The only consolation under sucH a prospect is the meagre one ; that their mismanagement must , long before that time , lead to their ignominious expulsion . \
Meantime let the working classes remember that , at the present moment ; they are accessory to their own degradation , slavery , and sufferings . The money they have invested in the savings' banks ia now being used by the Government for the purpose of keeping up the price of consols . The huge edifice of political oppression and social injustice is , at this moment of its peril , propped hy the oppressed and the wronged .. The slaves are forging their own chains , and putting into the hands of an incapable , untrustworthy ministry , and the trafficking , gambling speculators , who prey like vampires on the heart ' s blood of the industrious classes , the means by . which the whole imposture pan be sustained ..
In the face of-this fact and its disastrous bearing upon the permanent fate of | the operative classes , we urge upon their attention the propriety , nay , the imperative necessity of their seeking some other investment for their savings which shall be more secure in itself , and more beneficial to them as individuals and to their order . We are delighted to observe that one portion of the working classes are awakening to a perception of the importance of this subject , and showing , by the large amounts now weekly sent into the Land Company arid the Labour
Bank , their determinationthat they at least will not be accessories' to the suicidal policy which ha hitherto crushed their class ,. to the dust . Let Labour ' s Bank -be the , rallying point in future , ' and the security'the broad aeres , welltilled fields and happy . homesteads of our native land , and a great step will have been taken for ultimate , complete emancipation from the gripe of an infernalsystem , by which money mongers ,
stockjobbers , capitalists , landlords , mill-lords and traders , all thrive at the cost of honest industry . Let the labourer become his own banker , his . own landlord , his own employer , and the reign of' true freedom andindependencewili be established . Until then the natural result of unsound principles , vicious institutions , selfish-gambling , and imbecile tulew , will continue to afflict ' society in the fearful shapes of famine and pestilence , political disorganization and moral degradation .
Observe.
OBSERVE .
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STATE OF ™ COUNTRY . ' The misfortunei , misery , destitution , and disease of Ireland , appear as if they were no longer to occupy exclusively the attention of , the legislature , the press , and the public The evil is at our . own doors . We are fast entering upon one '" of those gloomy periods of ' reaction , of panic , and distress , which are inseparable from the maintenance of our existing commercial , manufacturing ; arid monetary system . Whether we look at , the : staie , of ^ hc . niknufacturing districts , or-of trade , in the metropolis , the prospect is equally ominous , wlnle Ae pressure , for . the time being , ia the money rparWet , is ! greater than it has been known for ihe : last twenty ye * W 3 .-, . '' . / ' ; . j' " V / ' ^ . V ""/; " . "'" _ ' , V ; , ' ,.: " ' , 'V \ * - ' - Whea the Free f raders ; vauttteil ; their , ' greats nos-
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . i All the propositions for amending the Government scheme of Education ( which our readers willfind in full on our second page ) in the Minutes of the Committee of Council , shared the same fate as Mr Duncombe's motion for referring the whole subject to : a committee of inquiry ; and the measure with all its defects , both in principle and details , has received the sanction of overwhelming parliamentary
majorities . Yet , 13 . difficult . to conceive on what intelligible or honest grounds the Whig Ministry resisted some of the amendments—Sir \ V , Clay ' s , for instance , which provided that parents who . had conscientious objections to having their children taught ; the creed and ritual of the Established Church , should have the advantages of the new schools , and that their offspring should not be compelled to attend the special religious lessons , was one uppn . which the slightest regard for political consistency should have forced unanimous support from
the Treasury Bench . „ Sir W . Molesworth ' s motion for justice to our Roman Catholic fellow-subjects , stood upon the same broad and equitable foundation , but it , too , was negatived by the votes of those whose previous speeches—whose speeches on that very occasion—bound them to pursue the contrary course . It is quite dear that the Ministry , on this ; important' matter ^ '' are prepared to shamelessly abandon all principle whatsoever , for the sake of conciliating the support of the Church and the Wesleyan Methodists at the approaching
General Election .. Let them take care that they do not overshoot their mark . The acceptance i of any measure of Education with " thankfulness ' by men like JSir Robert IngUs , the' bigoted but honest defender of things " as they are'' in Church and State , the conscientious but intolerant worshipper of " the wisdom of our ancestors , " is not calculated to produce * confidence in ' .. tlie " people at large . However well it may suit the purpose of Sir R . Inglis and his friends to preach up the necessity and virtue of " standing in the old ways , " the
masses have not . the same interest ; they feel that a radical change is necessary for them . A Ministry which openly , allies itself with the doctrines of finality and the opponents of progress , cannot , expect long to remain in power . In truth , the present Administration is neither inherently strong in or out of Parliament . Its only hold of power , rests upon the peeuliarstate of parties and the country at the present moment : it is merely a stop-gap . As soon
as the' necessity ; for progressive action arises , the Whig negation will be swept away without ceremony , despite of all the paltry contrivances aud tricks by which the Premier and his associates are attempting to retain office . The pressure of other subjects on our columns this week prevents fuither allusion to the important question of National Education ; its permanent interest will , however , justify recurrence to it on future occasions . ' " >
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.. ' . The proposal of the Government on Monday night , to lemU 620 , 000 \ o three Irish Railway . Companies , iu order to enable them to keep labourers at work , gave rise to a conversation of great importance ; as to . Oiie monetary state of the country . Lord George
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The other business of Parliament , up to the moment at which we write , has been of a comparatively trivial description , if we except subjects already frequently noticed . The Array Service Bill occupied the Peers , on Monday night , till past twelve o ' clock * Ministers had the qualified support of the Duke of Wellington ; and the proposition for limiting tlie term of enlistment may be now said to be
virtually law . In the Commons Sir C . Napier in . troduced a bill for iraproviug the mode of service in thenavy , which the Secretary to the Admiralty permitted to be read a first time , though . giving no great hope that it would receive the Government support at future stages . Certainly the soldiers and sailors cannot complain that they have been overlooked this session . In one shape or another their condition has occupied nearly as much time as the Irish Question itself .
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A short debate , on a motion of Dr Bowriug ' s , for the establishment of a decimal coinage , incidentally brought ' out some peculiar features of the English character and of English legislation . It is admitted by all practical men that a decimal coinage would materially simplify ' accounts , and wonderfully facilitate the , transaction of business , whether on a large or small scale . But the Chancellor of the Exchequer , while bearing his own testimony to that
fact , says he dare not attempt it on account of the blind and prejudiced adherence of the English people to old customs I Trembling at the idea of a possible revolution if the time-honoured halfpence , pence , a . nd sixpences Of this realm were tampered with , Mr G . Wood could only assent to one great expertment upon t he vii inertia of English prejudices and prepossessions , and promised a new coin ,-a two shilling piece-by wav of feeler ! ¦
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Bentinck ' made ( ' > statement ^ oa . the . subject , which called forthj&om t ) bjs ChancelioFof the Exchequer t long apologetic an'd-exp"Iauatoryjipeech , _ which wa 3 , after all ; by no means calculated to . efface the ominoui impressions produced by the 'remarks ol the Protectionist leader . ' The most singular part of the matter is , that thpugk the . debate on the ' subject was adjourned till Tuesday , in order that it might be fully and promptly discussed , the' Government permitted the House to be counted out at an early period of the evening , and that on Wednesday it adjourned aa hour before the usual time , having been occupied by business of far less importance . In the meantime , Cabinet meetings have been frequent duriug the week . It is evident there is a screw loose somewhere . In another column , the reader will find this topic treated at such length as precludes the necessity for further remark here . ^ ......,.,.:,. . . .
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g $ * Wa beg to remind onr readers of tho notice which appeared in the Star of April 10 th , respecting a tea-trar embeUMed with a view , » f O'Connotvilla and other ornaments put up for public ballot at Bilstoa ; tho proceeds to be applied for the benefit of the Teteran patriots , aud widows and orphans of the political victims ef class-usHrpation . The generosity of tha donor of the tea-tray and the patriotic exertion * of the Bilaton Democrats should command an equallj generous and universal responsa on the part of tha Chartist public , . THB BAtLOT FOB THE O'COMMOBVIttB TBA TaAT , Ott beh » lf of the Widows ' , Orphans ' , Veterans' , and 7 w .
tims' Fund . —To ( he Ohartiit , PM * . —^ Prlsnds : Wa earnefltly implore you to consider the objeot to which the proceeds of the above . ballftt are to . be sppUefl , and we feel confident but little argument will be necessary to induce you to give it your support . What true Democrat but would feel consolation and pride iii having done bis share in placing those who have suffered , and are still suffering , for the active part they or their relatives have taken on the battle-field « f liberty of comfortable ( ilroumatanc ' ei , and beyond the reach of tyranny ' and oppression t How small an effurt tg necessary to acconipliah thla desirable object ! The small sum of 8 d . from each Land member and Obartist ( who caa afford it , ) would yield a sufficient amount to
place these victims on the , Land , where they would enjoy the fruits of their own labour , and possess that freedom which they have laboured to win fer us , Wa are sorry to say the aborenamed project , although responded to by several individuals , has not , thus far , been taken up by any locality . .. This unaccountable apathy in so meritorious a cause we deeply deplore , and earnestly beg of the leading men in each locality to place it prominentl y before their meetings , and send in their united subscriptions to Mr Linney , High , street , Bilston , as early as possible . . Taoic * 8 AtJtonD , Secretary to the BaUot . P . S . —The time of balloting will be duly annoonced in the Star . ... ...
' < &F We cannot afford room for long lists of the names of subscribers to the ' above ballot . iNPomuTioir WAWTBD . —Such of oar readers who may know anything of James Service , a shoemaker , whopublished"The Caledonian Herd Boy , " a poem ; "Crispin , or the Apprentice Boy ; " "The Wild Harp , " &c , woald oblige by communicating , for the in . the information of a correspondent , auch particular ) a 3 they may know about this Individual , or bU works , and where they may ba obtained . Address J . D . D ., 30 , Kirby-street , Hatton Sarden . J . Swbet begs to acknowledge the receipt of 252 signatures for the National Petition from Failsworth . Also , ' fhe sum of Is . 3 d . from Mr Hall , Is . 5 d . frbmUrs Denaia , and 8 d . from Mr Osbora . Mr Sweet raauesta
those persons who have either money for the Conven . tion , or petitioa sheets , to forward the same immo . diately ; ' ' * ' ! Poiamd ' 8 RBOESEBATtOH . —Julian Harney has received 6 d . from Mr Gv Cdyill , for tha fund of the Paliik : Committee . IiiVtBPooi ..--Instead of 15 s . 6 d ., in last Saturday ' s Star , for the O'Cennor Repayment Fund , the sum should have been 13 s . ' Cd . \ Mr W . Brook , Leeds , —We know no better means than " procuring the "Labourer" of Mr J . Cooke , Meadow . ¦ lane , Leeds . We don ' t supply it , nor doe 3 Mr M'Qpwan , . except to the London booksellers . T . Whitki ., Leylands , Leeds . —Tour son ought to haw made a proper transfer . The documents are of no
use to you , unless he had done so . We believe he ' made application ; We mutt hold back nntil you settle the dispute : He didcot give us notice of his intentioa to transfea . The Cokuitize o ; Enqisieebs beg to acknowledge the receipt of 2 s . 8 d ., for theTJefence Fund for our Newton friends , subscribed at the Whittington and Cat , Lou . don .--JoisL Woobe , Bran : hSecretary . P . S . The read , ers of the Star are respectfully informed that thecen . tral branch of the Steam-engine Makers' Society are publishing a verbafim report of the trial at Liverpool , having engaged a reporter especially for the purpose , It is in the press , and will be ready for circulation on Saturday next , . ¦ . .. . Mr C . MtrcHKLii , Newpitslege . —Our agent at Aberdean
is Mr R , Findlay , 147 , Gallowgate . Mr W . PiEtcBEB , Daybrook . —We do not deal in hand , kerchiefs . We do not know the price . Mr Giisiu , Hyde , and Mr Rickw » , Burnley . —We shall send them to the catoofMr Hey wood , Manchester , in a day or two . In the course of a week we hops to be able to supply " all our agents who have n » t re . ceived the mounted plates . ¦ If the subscribers were aware of the time occupied in colouring and mounting , they would doubtless exercise a little more patience , We urge the work forward as much as possible . CHiB . TWT Poems . —Parties holding copies of the above yet unpaid for , are particularly requested to forward , the amount to the " Star " office , in postage stamps or money orders on the Old Cavendish-street Branch , London , payable to Mr Ernest Jones , .
[ 28 . —Mr T . Duncumbe , —That it is the opinion of thia House , that certain Act * paased in the reign of his late Majesty King William the Fourth , intituled , "Acts to amend the Representation of the People in Great Bri . tain and Ireland , " having failed to fulfil the just expectations of the people , ; and as such Acts are not and cannot ba final , it is expedient to amend the same by tlie repeal of the Ratepaying Clauses , and b > other alterations calculated to prevent all undue influences in counties , cities , and boroughs , subversive of the full , free , and fair representation of the people in ' Parliament . ] " " fgT The enormous length of the Money list , Ihe reprint of the Minutes of the Education Committee , and other lengthy articles of importance , have so crowded oar columns as to compel us to postpone several notices , &c . till our next .
LEdiL . NOTICE . —Since tho Law Department of the Northern Star was . opened , I have received almost dail y complaints from poor men that they have been plundered either by Pettifoggiug Attorneys or Advertising Law . offices . It was to save poor men from these harpies , that the Law Department of the I ' Stor was opened . To ' give gratuitous Legal advice is one of the principal objects of that department .. In no case , therefore , shall I take even the smallest fee or , remuneration from a poor man , except where my . professional services-shall render him a richer man than he was before . Where a client , through my professional assistance , recover * property and becomes ; richer JtUanJ he previously was , therj I shall expect amodevatc fee ; but even that . I shall not take till after , the property has been
It is no unusual thing for those who have got fraudulently or wrongfully into possession ofproperty to set the claims of justice at defiance ou account of the poverty <> f the rightful owner . Where h poor man ' s claim to property is believed to be good , his poverty will act upon me as an additional stimulus to obtain justice for him . , . There is another legal grievance which many people , even in good circumstances , suffer from ; namely , tha heavy expenses they are put to about Leases , Agree , ments , Conveyances , Mortgages , Marriage Settlements , Making their Wills , 4 c ; All these things are commonly made longer by , three or four times than they need to be and the consequence is , the expenses and stamps are twice or three times as much us . they ought to be , ' To correct tliia evil a most 6 kilfukonvevaucer renders me his services , and upon terms « o moderate that the expenses of Conveyances , Wills . &c . will lmioc . thDr , ~«_
halfoftheirusualamouat . . . .. -- . — v «« - ¦¦ When clientswish tc . have papers returned , or private answers to their , inquiries , lt it expected that they will send the requisite number of postage stamps . In stating then- cases , let cUonts simply state / acf , JfW ; remarks and comments oi their o * n . Much , often , depends upon the timel at which a thing n ? l ? S n i FK fe , ° f a ¦ Peon ' s Birth , Marriage , . ? w . lv - ° n I ! 8 Wl 11 ' Date of the Probate , &c . ; ¦ therefore mall these , and similar casos , let 'dates be _ given . ; ; ^ EaHMt Joses . TnoiwsSAONnnB . juB ., Bfandford .-ITnless there is » local custom making three months' notice to quit iuf . ficient , your friend ' s landlord must give at least lix montht . ' . notice to quit ; ind he can only turn your friend out oi pouenion , at the vary same period of the year , month and day , at which hi » tenanoy commenoed .
A MEKBittor tie LanbCoufani . —Your redrew for tbe wrong done you by yout partuer is by n . bill in equity for an account ; but theprbceB 8 would be aneipeariv * one , ¦* •¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ • JiL .-. T « s . A Constant Readm . —If the person to whom jour land , lord lias let the home would allow him ( your late landlord ) to tend an ' officer in to distrain , I think he might take your goods ; if Hot , yoar landlord will most llkelj proceed against you in the Small Debts ' Court ; but most probably your landlord will indulge you ff ith s
reasonable time to pay . J . P ., Ssddleworth—I suppose it is money or person » t estate which is claimed from your mother . Reply 93 this in time for next weok ' s Star . . .. Ak Emex CHASTisr . —It ia impossible for me toadrUa you as to the propar , course to be taken , unlessyou send me ; a copy of that part of tlie will which relate * tha dopyhold ;* ., , ; . " , . ( J , Ba ^ bb , HotUngharo ir-I think Use ' case was » n » ia * which Mr Cripps was justified in binding over your friend to keep the psioe ; and ; i » k « It for grwtedi the wpsnsM new not mow'titii : HfotfiuswIlOMWi .
Co Heatrers ¦& Carre$Ijonuett&
Co Heatrers ¦ & Carre $ ijonUetT&
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^ ' ^ TH fl ^ N » STJliifft : i « llB # lB : - ' __ ..,.:: .. ^^ SmXHl # 1
Sow Reaiiv, A Nenr Edition Of Mr. O'Connor's Work On Small Farms
Sow Reaiiv , a Nenr Edition of MR . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 1, 1847, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1416/page/4/
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