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^ XHEMEMBERS THK U1TI0NAL UND 1 COMPANY. " V
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,. ih Pbiekds ,- ; " : v " "' ' ' it vas my intention to have addressed vou s { j « me length-upon those questions more mi-Ltely connected with the Land Plan this aee k , ^ t the imperative duty ^ owards the operatives of Lancashire and Yorkshire com-Jjlea me ^ to bestow that spacex which I had fended for your subject to the enlightenment of I / ird John Russell , lest , on another day , he sh ould plead ignorance of the source from slich the demand
TO TURN THE PEOPLE TO GRASS ^ ^ aine . I call your attentionjp = myJ ^ i ^ e [ : l / iti John fittssePupon that subje ^|| u * a : il call upon yon , as men , and as ;^ ft 1 fe ^ palhu bands andia ^ Gharti ^^ init ^ ^ Jesu ^^ rour bread b ^ flie ^ % wt ~ ofjfrnrbrow ^ feprridaim to fte ^ p :: wKet £ er ;* ' ^ % flb ;^|| i s ^ d ^ g ^ uiin ^ tbi s ;/ a ^ y ^ ay L ^/ ; tbi ^ myrjjlering'j . danghter-prostituting " , ¦ ' son-con-, ^ SS ^ fe p ^ dation ? ha ^ corrie' from yon ; I ¦ xpfSotrlMiere ' it . " . "T ^ ofl nofc believe it from ;©|^|^ p | v tten 3 y ^ ut ;' o « m ; - and if I hear it fojoilmem I shall mpurn ' over the tyranny that i lled the
^^^ qmpe necessity , and . if it is your ffisa to be tamed to grass , I will do all that in ine IMS , to mitigate your sufferings . I have Vo onjecbon to the cessation of labour * if tfe ^ capitalist ^ gorges some qf his . enormous and unjust profit to support you / during tfieseastri of idleness , if the landlord will charge VojSno rent , and if the Government will foYegoSiil duty upon every taxed article of consumption ^ H owever , tf tins dreadful alternative ^^ rour own seelang , it is ri ght that I should ^ derstand it so , because , in that case , I shall cease to revile those upon whom I now saddle the sia . r _
: % ? nfls » if I were . a . prophet capAblrxjf exulting in the flMffl ^^^^ oW pr ^ tions , I w ould have reason to rejoice in your present state , as you must admit that , from y !" i . 1 year ' have Predicted the occurrences which have taken place a nd the very effects which were sure to result from those causes trom winch I drew my conclusions . I am now employing more men with your money than all the farmers within five miles from Minster Lovel , and I was rather amused this corning by an article in the Nottingham Mercury ,, written by some comical coxromb , npon the Land Plan ; and this blunderbuss who had the consistency to vote for Hobhouse
and U alter , and yet claims me as his representative , has the folly to tread in the steps of poor Carpenter , and to venture upon some figurative calculations as to the time it will take to locate 30 , 000 occupants . However , as it is my intention , in the next number of the Labourer , to give the whole tribe of scribblers « a bone to pick , " I shall content myself , this week , with publishing the . admirable letter of Junius , which appeared in the Nottingham Jtetiew , as an answer to the Mercury man . J suspect the production to have come from my old friend Morrison , of Nottingham , who has argued the question of title very ably , and who niight have gone further , and have told
the Mercury man , that , if I was inclined to turn rogue and sell the estates , that no one wonld give me a shilling for the whole lot , knowing that they are trust-property . These things J condescend to mention as a Roland for the Mercury man ' s Oliver , bat they are things that yon would not condescend totalk about , and that I would not condescend to argue upon . But , now , " I will state a fact for these gentlemen . The person in whose house I am now writing pays 60 i a year rent—a high rent , and
he is rated to the poor rate at 15 s . in the pound , that is , from March till August , inclusive , he has paid 23 / . 7 s ., and if he pays 21 / . 13 s . the next half-year , that will be 451 . poor rate upon 60 / . rent ; but he anticipates that the rate will be even higher , and so do I for this nest half year . Now , then , what does the Mercury man think of the man who has a chance for 2 / . 12 s . of being made independent of that rate for ever—even the chance ; and bear this fact in mind , that the higher the poor rates , the more scanty tie pauper ' s fare .
3 ly friends , I have now to invite you . to a serious perusal of the state"of-Englandj =. wrifcten by Arthur O'Connor , my uncle , nearly half a century ago . It consists of ten chapters , and 1 will publish a chapter in each number of the Northern Star , commencing with next week , and then you will have the result of Whig policy and false political economy placed before you , in so clear , simple , and understandable a form , that * he who runs may read / ' At foot follows the admirable let ter of Junius , and , asking you to peruse it attentively , - I remain , your faithful representative and willing bailiff , Feargtjs O'Connor .
THE JOURNAL . AND THE LAND SCHEME . 7 o tbb editoK 3 of the Nottingham Return . Gestlises . —The ' Nottingham Joobnai , , ' for several veels past , has poured forth low , unprincipled , End continued abuse , in condemnation of Mr O'Connor ' s Land Pan- The editor has become the unsolicited fnglemaa to the shareholders of tbe Natioaal land Company , and the first blast he sends forth is , cot that Mr O'Connor has run ttwzy with the Company's money , or such at least as teas in his possession , —not that the land which he lias pnrchased has been carried away upon
las back , —bat thai lie isflt liberty to £ o so if he likes The ' Jocesxi . ' endeavours to show , that Mr O'Connor has , by pnrehssing ia his own name , and having convejed to him , the several estates which have been bought on account of his Lind Company ; a complete masterdoa over the shareholders , —that he can hold them at bay , and presses them to his bosom , promising his best , bis most ardent endeavour ^ , to ameliorate their miserable , their starving condition . It is all bombast , and a magniloquent compouad of Irish sympathy and English Soserosity , with deception at its foundation .
The editor of the ' Jootsai ., in doing all this , bat not brought in support of his position any peintoflavr , nhich I had hoped he would have been enabled to do . He eauuons the shareholders how they trust Mr O'Conntr's honesty , and pretends , that now he has become our representative , it is necessary that he should look after Mr O'Connor , and prevent his committing one of the most daring and palpable frauds that could be comsutted by a humas being . If this knight o ! Thurlandstteet garret had aay doubt of Mr 0 'Conner ' s honesty , —if he had a foreboding upon bis ( na ) corruptad mind , thttiir O'Connor would criminate himself ins manner that would shock , nay , even petiify this most wholesoma editor ; why did he not , when Mr O'Connor on onr iastin » s challenged any person to come forward , and state envthing derogatory to his private ^ character or iversation in bis
anvthia"baving the taint of terg political career , acceptthatchallenge ! The editor of the « Jurajtai ' as an elector , had aright to do so ; he was upon the kstings , and why did be not state to the electors then and there assembled his fears as to Mr O'Connor's honesty . He contents himself by being silent , and , at the poU , uses his influence by giving his vote for Mr "Walter and Sir J . Hobhouse , to prevent Mr O'Connor King our t ^ resoiUiife , actuated , I apprehend , by that pure motive—that hoaest idea , that he would be the palladium ef British honesty , and prevent the disgrace attaching to society if Mr O'Connor became the rogae he antidpatw . Mr O'Connor has become our represujtaiive , and the ' JonsHii . ' undertakes to watch Mm at s distance . I expect he will be like the shepherd in Uie fable : create so many false alarms , that when the
Tial wolf < it last comes , whethar in the persenof Mr O'Connor or any o ther individual , ho will not be be-JifiTeJ . The ' Journal' says Mr O'Connor ihenld not enly be toaest . but like Cesar ' s wife , above suspicion . If he be hoaest why sfcouW they be suspicions ! bat I wonld dtfyaman to be like Cesar ' s wife in the eyes of the « fiitor of the 'Journal , * towards whom he has mortal antagonism . Has Mr O'Connor ever manifested any symp'oms of dishonesty ! Has he , during any part of * i » life , or ' even sinee the promulgation of his Land Rational Land
scheme and the establishment of the Cesnpsnv evincsa the least disposition to plunder . as the 'Jtorcai' would hare us believe , those whom he has ** ea serving gratuitously for many years f The Jour-*»! ' wishes to have the property conveyed to responsi-We person * ' -a p la in insinuation that Mr O'Connor u PMr . and that poverty is » n inducement to crime . Untamable assertion ' . -with what tfrontery told ! At "What hazard is that grave insinaation made I At the taisrd of a man in whom thousands rep « se taperish-> tJe confidence : a confidence which they hare repoied ia hhnbtfore , and whieh he has not betrayed , —a trast * liich he has not abused .
The « Journal' complains thattheNational land Com-P » ny has been in existence two year * , and is not comed y registered . The editor knows well , or ou ght to « no » , that it cannot be so until there are attached to *!» e a « 5 of settlement the names , trades , professions , "ni reaaenees of a definite number of members , " whose *|* n : es are to be obtained , and their signing and sealing ^ J attested a labour too vast to be performed ia a Efert time ;» tiae too Ions for such mighty affair * to
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i ^^• ledtoin . ni-e . tfenlof less immaculate ga ^ dustrious a ^ erson ¦*« the editor of the Journal , 'SSf-S % S ?^ * " ° * Ji * * » ca P ' ltal a 1 « ady subscribed ? W < "W ; unngfctaea , ttha An ^ al . boldly in-^ uatesasa- )^ T | thia t ^ O % khor '« . intendons are ^ h onest ^ ^ ill-iake it fojfgtanted that the editor , of ^ r * raa ^ i ^^^^ t ^ . . t woye j t , - p ^ v j o - ^ ^;^??^^ 9 ^ i ^ iVhewa » r « n - .. that ' : 4 ay ;; « heweM ! n 6 t , Tw ) ngra ' talflte him-upon his reclamation from a ad to a'good ^ and honest ' rain . Then ; why : did he . net wund h ^ alarni ^ iVUio }* gini » ing , and notVyifen lbs ' company ^ haS'proSressti prosperously , : and ' % hen thousands tare shbscribea : their-mites . ; Th » ^ Journal waH ^^ nd aU « w » Jhe inanstrious artisan toT-bo caught withb tbe ^ shes of Mr O'Connor's net , and then cries ^^ yOT ^ ar ^ in dang ! tri ; 'there is apit . ? " Human feelingie ^ awTOitfiiVshbuld , havei cried out ^ ^ in ; the first : insrahce . ?^ '' ? ^ ?^^ - Vi >;; :: r ;; c-i :- - ' ,. - ¦ . ; . ¦ . ' : .. lu ^ ntliiirrn 11 ^ 7 ^ r " ™ totho . ln «« ' » Sen » enlofan ? less immaculate
Thepeople know thevalue ; 6 f-having possession of the 'Knu : tbe ^ o ^ 0 &lii ^ tie idisadvantage of it . It ^ au ld prohibitiTOlttrotion-oi' the soil by the humbler : ^ TatSM , * anS : witt ^ 8 ifebonscienceoaBstate that tbey ^ onl ^ WW ^ tfa % 5 ][ iked «« ne « Vto cul tivate theland , [ ttfau ^^ tg ^ cheV ^ rjtbb ' le already wealthy . It is ^ deatly ^^ J ^ jigfttsdeli ghtto create discord where aorie is ^ el ^ pS' ^^ a « i || f- ^ i ^ AY ; giV ; ¦ . . ,. " ^ Even a ^ : 3 & ^ Cyj& ^ l ^ t « nded ^ to > be , « . the greatest swJndler ' thkteTer practiacaupori the credulity ef . mankiad . 'Jet us see tpvrthe estates he has purchased would ba ^ affected by thS lam of ^ ihelandy ; The law . of the land ^ patifMfOiConnwp ^ aw ^ tstoi ^ tenslbly known to be purchased ' with theraoney of a particular company , and for the members of that par
ticular company , and though the estates irif , in the first instance , be conveyed to Mr O'Connor , botn the law and equity would compel Mr O'Connor to deliver up the poBsessionof those estates , and also compel him to execute all neces % ary documents yielding op the fee to tlrm . This I bold to be the law of tha land ; let the editor of the JoDbnil deny it , and prore that I am wrong . There is one oircum 3 tance that would give Mr O'Connor a good and marketable title to the estates . He has purchased , on the part of the National Land Company ; if the National Land Company have , by their directors , chosen by their representative assembly , been parties to the conveyance to Mr O'Connor , why tbea the company would be debarred ly estoppel , and could not contradict what they
had once solemnly signed and sealed . In that case Mr O'Connor conld er . joy the uninterrupted possession of the estates already purchased ; until then , he cannot . It is not because a man has money and purchases an estate , that he is entitled to it . The presumption is that he is ; but all the attendant circumstances must be fairly considered . Can the Joolnal' confute this ! If so , let it ; this- position of th « law was not more exemplified than » t our late assizes , in the case oi ' GUI * . WakefieM , ' tried before Mr Baron Rolfe , the features of which case must be in the recollection of your readers . Law and equity always take into consideration , not only the acts , but the intentions of the parties .
I will refer the 'JonsNii'to Nog ' s Jfarims of the Law * rf England . — The law regards the intents of tbe par . ties , and will apply their words thereunto ; and that which is tak « n by common intendment shall be taken to be the intent of the partiss ; and common intendment in not an intendment as stands in different , but such an intendment as has the most vehement preinmption . ' That is the law , as laid down by Sir Edward Coke , the greatest lawyer that ever lived , and will be found writtea in his famous institutes npon our laws as well as in Soy . Again , "Qaiper aliumfatit , per seipiumfaeere viddur . ' ( lie who acts by another is held to act by himself . )
Mr 0 Connor , it is well known , is the agent of the Land Compasy ; he purchases estates as their agent : he describes himself as such ; publishes bis balance-sheet as such ; and in every act describes himself as their agent . If Mr O'Connor intended to act dishonestly , he as a lawyer wonld have had more wisdom than t « lay himself within the meshes of the law . Thus it is quite clear the law is with the Company and against Mr O'Connor ; and what is there to fear ! If it were that tbe law was against tbe company and with Mr O'Connor ( which it most assuredly is not ) , is tho manner of procednre he is adopting , the safest way for a knave suecesrf'iUy to accomplish his design ! He has placed pot tions of two respective lots of allottees in possession of their allotments ; and how is he to get them out !
lie may serve them with notice to quit , and the allottee may disobey it , for it is not imperative . The aextcouiseis to eject them ; he aust sue each occupier ; they could drive bim into a court of law , and there coinp « i ^ m ^ t <> r pr « € « iiis _ 'rJgUt » and-tiUe r to , tho estate , a title free from fraud , which under the circumstaeees he would fiad some difficulty ia doing . Thus , there are insurmountable difficulties in the way of Mr O'Connor being dishonest ; difficulties which he himself has created by purchasing the land ; and difficulties , which I am sure , no dishoneBt man with dishonest intentions would have made . I remain , &c , Tour obedient servant , Nottingham August . 1817 . Juaius .
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& . NATION TURNED OUT TO GRASS . TO THE RIGHT HON ., THE LORD JOHN RUSSELL . My Lord , It is now nearly eight years since I addressed a letter to you upon the Whig policy of that day , and in vhich I foretold what the inevitable result of that policy would be . My reason for addressing you just now will be found in the fact that the Free Trade theorists are about to adopt tbe very means to which I have often proved they would be driven to save themselves from the fatality of that measure which alone could produce high wages , cheap bread , and plenty to do . No doubt you have learned from the newspaper press , thatthe whole of the manufacturing population of the north is to be TURNED OUT TO GRASS
during the autumn months , when , according to the said press , the hardships will be mitigated in consequence of the greater clemency of that season , as well as from the fact that vegetable diet ma }' , during that period , be purchased at a low price . This unchristian , this unnatural , this disgusting and blasted project , is said to emanate from tbe operatives themselves . I shall not stop to ask whether this is a fact or not , as far as I mean to use it as an argument against your destructive policy , but I may observe , that it strongly resembles the manner in which the economists use the agricultural classes as auxiliaries and volunteers in the battle of Free Trade . In tbe warsof that fac
tion against things as they were , the press was enlisted , and the press pompously and slanderously paraded meetings of the agricultural labourers and their wives that never took place '; they published the speeches of women who were never in existence , and , for the first time in the history of this country , they assigned a weight and importance to the most ignorant of all classes which they were not previously in the habit of awarding to the most influential and best informed . I remind you of this notorious fact , to guard you against the supposition that the operatives of the north
have themselves considerately invited their owners to TUEN THEM OUT TO GRASS , until such time as the mitigated casualties of foreign countries may enable the growers of cotton to furnish English slave masters with a sufficient amount of raw material to warrant the employment of the slave-class . Good God ! my Lord , can you , for a moment , look upon yourself in any other light than as the STUD GROOM of political economists , whose orders you are obliged to obey , whose stables you are obliged to clear , and whose galled jades you are obliged to fodder until your masters shall again require their service ?
Is this a positien becoming a minister of England ? Is this a position becoming a nobleman professing popular opinions , and glib in the use of philantrophic expressions ? or is it a position becoming a freeman i My Lord , in the letter to which I refer above , I recalled your attention from the passing of the Reform Bill till that period , and I ventured to predict what the result of your evil policy would be , and , sorry am I to confess , that each and all of my most melancholy fore * bodings have come to pass . At that period , my lord , Free Trade principles , as advocated by cotton lords , shop-boys , and scribblers , was the one all-absorbing topic , and to question _ the
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soundness of their views , or to doubt the realisation of their anticipations and promises , was rank sedition , and little short of treason . From that period to the preseiit I have written a portion of the history of the country , and I have been a critical observer of the acts of public men and , their probable influence upon " the ' nationalWeal and ; the : national character ; ^^ ; tfeppl 8 # ; ^ ifi ^ iy \ speech at Middle-^^ s l ^ cltiarlj ^ de | elpr ) ed what the inevitable S ^ ltrof ^ jbite ^ tt ^ isid ^^ Free Trade , policy ^ svbe ^^ liad ib ^ ila ^ ifted seer of-the futUreW | Sp 3 ^^^ 1 ^ aWihterest , from the jandlprMte ^ efagriculturar serf , from the «^ A ~^ „* : _ ..:. _ : . _ ^ , ,,., ,
; co ^ ip ^^^ rtific ) ir ^^ e , andfrom jtKe fund lpra ; tj ^ system ^ Bfel ^ id no ^ sEov ^ how each and ^ ali would b&OTecl ^ d-by ; y 6 ur pblicy . In 1840 I rejJied ^ to ^ tiie ^ nonsensical pamphlet ; of ; the Hoij . ahd ^ fieTj Bkptist Noel , in whichl clearl y mapped . pu ^ Hat staW , pffamine througK which Ireland has np ^^ yet ^ passed , andkthat ^ tate of pauperism to which England is now-approaching . Jn 1841 , in my ; lettera to the Irish landlords , written frem a condemned ; c | U in York Castle , I foretold 'the eppfistatibii of their . ^ t ^ SWe ^^ rti ^ by ^ ith ^ riti sfi minister . These were the words of my prophecy : —
Do not deceive yourselves , my lords and gentlemen by the false notion that the ramparts with wwch you have surrounded your estates will proteot them in tbe day of popular fury , if you do , you are worse tuanmadmen , for I tell you , that tbe thunder of an enraged populace will break through your prinlege ? , and your legal fences ; and that the government , upon whose support you now < fonpnri will CONFISCATE WxM ESTATES to save Jm ' selves from the fury of an enraged Deonle "
In those letters I predicted every calamity that has befallen Ireland , and I ascribed each to its legitimate source—Whi g incompetency —Whig folly—and Whig imbecility . In 1844 I wrote what I shall ever consider my most celebrated and standard work , entitled , " chambers' Philosophy Refuted ; ' In which I also foretold the present and the coming times and , from that period to the present , I have not ceased to alarm the nation as to the coming danger .
Now , my lord , however you may affect to despise , or your scribblers may affect to contemn , the predictions of one divested of power which was capable of being consolidated and brought to bear upon your deliberations ; you must understand that I have but loaded the musketry , that I have but taught the lessons , and that however inapt or disinclined you may be to learn them , there are millions who have committed them as cherished instruction to their memories , and who do not consider them the less valuable from the source from which they spring . It is , therefore , to their ' readiness and willingness to learn , and not to my anxiety to teach , that you are to look for the popular mind and tbe popular power .
My lord , you falsely presume that you have overcome your Irish difficult y , and that you will now be at liberty to deal with your English difficulty single-handed , but you deceive yourself ; you have lost the magician who propounded the doctrine that England ' s difficulty was Ireland ' s opportunity , but who , nevertheless , practised the policy that England ' s difficulty was Ireland ' s placehunters ' opportunity ; and never , during tbe jugglery of that magician , did more perfect and subservient tranquillity reign in Ireland , than in that very season whenthe English mind evinced a resolution to possess , and to grant to Ireland , the very rights and privileges for which tbe magician . professedio contend . Yes , my lord , I assure you that the days arefasf comlngT
when more than a mere ideal responsibility will be demanded from the British minister ' ; when his policy will be unscrupulously canvassed , and when the source from which he derived his strength , will be vindictively scrutinised . That will be a sad day for Whig policy—that will be a heavy reckoning against the Whig ministry , which has ruled the desti . nies of this country from the year 1836 to the death of Daniel O'Connell . It will then appear , as clear as the sun at noon-day , my lord , that if England is a large debtor to Ireland on the score of oppression , Ireland , upon a balance of accounts , is debtor to England to the extent of millions expended in the prostitution of Irish representatives .
My lord , as I showed you in my letter of 1839 , your reliance upon the certain subserviency of a set of profligate , place-hunting , patriots , made you indifferent as to English support ; your easy palace-going prime minister of that day , indulged in perfect quiescence , and set national feeling at naught , because he would calculate uponjhe certain purchase of that section of the House of Commons ,
whimsically denominated the Irish Liberals , who Eere ever foremost in the . crusade against Inglish liberty , and who fostered prejudices in ircland for no other earthl y purpose than to nsure the Irish mind as a marketable commodity , of which the ne cessitous English minister might stand in need , and for which he would be sure to pay the stipulated price , —that price to be measured by England ' s demand for liberty .
My lord , no history ^ no novel , no romance , no fancy , not the most fervid imagination , can paint anything at alllike the fairy tale of Irish diplomacy from the year 1833 till the death of Daniel O'Conuell ; during which period he possessed more power than any monarch in Europe ; and during \ vhich period all tbe atrocious acts of all the atrocious despots of Europe , are as innocence itself , compared with the manifold sin ' s committed by this man against tbe cause , hot only of his country ' s , but of the world ' s liberty . My lord , your principles of political economy
have been adopted upon a chapter of accidents . You have listened to the several spouters , accepting the dogmas of the most popular as your unerring guide ; but , believe me , neither the influence of Mr Villiers in South Lancashire , of Mr Cobden in West Yorkshire , prof Mr Bright in the metropolis of manufactures , will go far to co nvince a starving people of the soundness of their political economy , or the purity of their motives .
My lord , men are hunted as rebels to-day , and are admitted as great authority by posterity ; in short , the folly and the enthusiasm of to-day , may become the wisdom and discretion of the morrow , and I shall yet live to see some slight reparation made to departed heroes or to maligned patriots , now in the winter of age , when those principles , for the advocacy of which they were persecuted and banished , have become the accepted principles of the universal world .
^ My lord , lam in possession of a few rare books , —rare because I possess the only copies extant , —and from one of these books , entitled ,
" THE PRESENT STATE OF GREAT BRITAIN , " written by Arthur O'Connor nearly half a century ago , " and who is now in the fiftieth year of his banishment—I shall be able to shew that the false principle of p olitical economy adopted by Mr Pitt , and pursued by subsequent ministers , has led to the necessity of substituting another false principle of political economy ; and I shall show from that book , that the writer foretold the evil consequences that would be sure to result from the system that Great Britain pursues towards others nations . Chap . II . Of the instability of the BritJih system of mercantile coiiotwt -
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toSSS £ 2 ? °# ^ or EngfenaV » d WSmm ^ m ^ ^^ t Ipfpil ti iStlti pgpa ^ X ^ What objedt could the British Ministry S& : ' JS " -5 ^^!!?^ tBritaia ® S Then . follows conclusion : ¦ -, .. .
£ Np * , my lord , I will submit to you a few paragraphs from this work ; the writer off which is . ripwin the fiftieth year of ; his exile . ; : : ' S ^ 9 > Vl :. Tli tsysum of Corruption , its vast ex-W ™?>< * tte geheraldisfiffectionit has created . ' ' % ft §^ y ^ ty wbicu wecan'judge of thesta-^^ 3 S ^ , S ?^ y !^ W » thepriMi l lte i » iHai wuichlhe wkoff -ofr ^ Fj ^ yMm ^ tteras ^ - 'Fftm the nrst formation 61 the representative body , from which _ we must date the commencement of her coni stitution , to the revolution of 3688 , the history of England presents a steady , uniform , uninterrupted progress towards the establishment of liberty and law . By the wise employment which the
representatives made of their omnipotence over the national puree , they were often oppressed , fined , and imprisoned by the arbitrary acts ol" despotic princes , but never corrupted ; they hold fast by the power of the purse , and constantly repaired the breaches made at unfavourable moments , and even strengthened the outworks when they found an occasion . It was a constant struggle between representation on the side of liberty and law , and despotism against them ; until at length , in thereiguof thelast of the Stuarts , the contest . was brought to a happy conclusion between the certainty of law and the uncertainty of will . By this victory the great principle was established , that no man should obey a lawor pay a tax
, , that was not ordered , by hia representative . R ? ad the history of England , and you will find with what admirable pertinacity tho representatives guarded the national purse throughout this long and glorious struggle ; in no instance abandoning the right of the peopje through fear or menace , did they grant the public money but with the most rigid economy ; they felt that the supplies ; were the lever and mainspring by which the liberties of the people , and the movements of the government ,. - were to be regulated ; hence tnxes were few , and debts there were none ; the crown preferred menace and force to corruption . From the revolution of 1688 , all has been reversed ; violence
has been abandoned towards the representatives , and influence has been substituted ; this is the great point I would seize , for here is the source of that endless expense which has increased , is increasing , and cannot be diminished . What an herculean work ! What an endless expense flows from the change . In order to render the Crown indeDendent of tho contrsl of Parliament , it must influence , not only tho representatives , but it naturally seeks to have a majority of the electors througkout the nation ; to add to the power of the government , you must augment the burdens of the people . In proportion as the people show a disposition to oppose the measures ot tha ministry , the ministry feel a necessity to load
the people when there is an overwhelming patronage , and an imperfect representation . In proportion as the representatives havo some remnant of freedom , m proportion will the people be loaded with an expense to corrupt them . Every excess in expense for the purpose of corruption , naturally , creates the discontent and opposition of the people , while this increased discontent and opposition calls for an additional expense to allay tbeni . Crown against peop le , and people against Crown , expense accumulates in geometrical measure , whereby th 9 enormous augmentation of the influence of tlie Crown , by the receipt and expenditure of fifty millions * in peace time j andnear : 100 millipnat injvar timo , are , in 5 uffi creTO ^ rhe immense patrona ge of Etiglano ^ Irelaiid Wales . arid-Scotland , " inchurchin law 'in armyin
, , , navy , in diplomacy , and in revenue , is insufficient ; the pillage . and plunder of the East Indies , with five times the population of Britain , to satiate the adventmers who pass in succession , are insufficient ; for this plam reason—the increase of influence leads to aniBcrease of opposition ; and the increase of opposition leads to an increase of influence ; acting , aiidrc-acting , the system is constructed ' to go forward in expense , upon a principle of increased velocity Jn vaii the Parliament has declared That the influence of the Crown had increased , was increasing , and ought to be diminished ; yet how insignificant , when tbis declaration was made by the British Parliament , compared with what it is now ; but effects will follow their causes , nor is it in words or declarations to change them ±
Now , my lord , if you have deigned to peruse the above extract from the work of an expatriated rebel , banished fromhis country nearly half a century ago , you will learn from it the very position to which the free trade party and Daniel O'Connell have broug ht the government of this country ;—they have forced an excess of taxation in the hope of subduing the growth of mind , and you have preferred the adoption of that apparently more easy policy to the adoption of those principles to which you we r e pled ged , and the ascendancy of which would have materially tended to that peace and retrenchment of which the Reform Bill was to be the guarantee . But , my lord , I must again draw your
attention to the one great and vital fact with which I started , namely , the danger to society consequent upon throwing the hand-to-mouth portion of the population upon the chances of a cheap vegetable diet , and the comparative clemency of an autumnal season . When the League was at its highest , I predicted that the peop le , like Nebuchadnazzar , would be one day compelled to perish or live upon grass , and that t he manufacturers would stable them like horses and treat them as beasts of burthen . Well , my lord although the stables constitute no portion of the out-offices of the mansion of cotton lords , yet the beasts of burden are to he found in the parish union worse treated than horses in whose lives the
proprietor has an interest , and worse fed than horses in whose health and strength the proprietor has a property .. These are vyour national human stables , while now , to avoid famine ; and be spared the disgrace of location in the bastile , we are insolently told that the horses themselves have petitioned their mas t ers to be turned out to grass for the
season . . . My lord , will you neveriprofit by the past . or have you so soon forgotten that the general stoppage of the mills in 1842 was said to be a boon prayed for by the operatives themselves ; and yet , as it will be now , so it was then ; those very operatives who , we were told , prayed for the boon , broke into-all but open rebellion and took possession of the several manufacturing towns in the kingdom . Mark me , then , and mark me well , that the assertion of the press is
falsa , which would lead you to the false presumyv tion of willing idleness and tranquillity . I tell you that- the i « ople uow wUl not bear a repetition , of the same experiment with , the same forbearance mid good temper that they bore it . before the promised measure of free trade had failed to produce tha promised results . This will be Hie second frea trade revolution within five years ^ and I caution jou hovi you give your sanction to the desperate game now to be played . The . motion of Mr Duncomba for entitling paupers to relief ir » the district where their
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• The government taxes at 31 ^ mllliooB , tho poorrates at sis millions , tb& clergy ami public instruction , six millions , besides the taxes for the repairs of the highways , bridges , buildings , the lighting * paving , and police ot the towns , < 5 sc ,, &o , &q ,, 8 ho , v that SO millions is n very moderate estimate of a peaco establishment , without takinj into consideration the effect of tho presentw « r . t In 1797 tho loans amounted to 67 millions . j The drowjy apathy which this wide diffusion of cor
ruption bas created in a considerable part of the natio is the reason why we have seen the secret cabinet , - an , almost all » he ostensible administrations during thl reign , undermine or utterly destroy all the great , . ma pillars , upon which the constitution wa » placr ^ a t t j x revolution of 1088 . Lot no man imagine that \ n a qUcg tiou ef atability or industry , the state of immc yTtni j lben i s no t a n e ssen t ial consid e ra t ion . To her liberty Great Britain owed the flourishing stato to which he industry has beer , carried ; liberty au <\ industry mus destroy corruption , or corrujtloawttl destroy thim ,
necessities arose if passed by the xHouse of Com . mons , would h ave been a protection against the vio lation of public decency and natural faiAh - But . my lord , as I before stated , your political economy is as changeable as the wind , and is ever b . ised upon the presumptive strength of political parties ' . ' ¦ In . conclusion I-warn you in time , that yon / and you only , will be answerable for , the resuVts' of this dreadful , this dangerous , _ this cruel expedit'nt , and 1 t ell you tbatit shall benajus ' tiffcatidn when you rise
m your place , in Parliament , and with , assumed ignorance , protest that it ; wasaboon granted by the tender-hearted employer to the dissatisfied employed . No , nvyiord , ; sHch avowal of i gnorance shall not be your justification , because I tell you now that the application has come from tbe masters , their overseers their , spies , and their minions , and not from the working men , ' whose families are . dependent upon wages for support ; , nor shall you plead ignorance of the fact , as I have directed tha t a copy ol this letter shall he delivered-Hito your hands . I have the honour to remain , ! ¦ ¦ ' ' : M y Lord ,. , . Your obedient servant , , . . _ , . . '¦ ' ¦ ' ' .. Feargds O'Connor . - ¦ Minster Lovel , Oxfordshire . \ . September 9 th , 1847 .. ' ... , , ; '
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, THE CHARTIST LAND COMPANY !^' ( From the Tablet . ) " . . The election of Feargus O'Connor for Nottingham , and some recent proceedings oftheChartistsin Worcestershire and Lancashire , have drawn attention to the doings of these renowned agitators . For a long while the world at large lias heard little of them . When they were planning and executing physical force rebellions , sacred weeks , tarn-outs , and other schemes of the like hopeless character , they , made , of c o urs e , noise enough , and were thought to be formidable and endowed with a disastrous vitality . For two or three years past they have sunk into " comparative quieti and , as ordinary newspaper readers suppose , into positive insignificance . This , however , is * slight mistake , and the real truth inay remind us not a little of the maxim current among nurses , that when children are making least noise they are doing most—mischief !
Not that we would by any means insinuate that what the Chartists have boen labouring at during the past eighteen months j a mischief ; on the contrary , we are strongly inclined to believe that they have been labouring usefull y , and we are at least sure that whatever may be the ultimate result they have been striving honourabl y by peaceable and thrifty means to benefit their own condition , and put anew face on the condition of theirclass . Eighteen mouths ago , or little more , Feargus O'Connor began to consider how he might bo apply the princi ple of co-operation , which already in insurance offices has produced such surprising , and beneficial effects , to the production of other effects not less surprising and beneficial for the labouring
classes . It occurred to bim that by clubbiuf together small periodical subscriptions , thousands of poor labourers might each in their turn become proprietors of small patches of land , with cottage and appurtenances , just large enough to engage the personal superintendance , of the proprietor , and free from the obligations of leases and tho exactions ot landlords . Eighteen months ago , this scheme , says Feargus , ' was undertaken by . me , with the assistance of a few working men , amid the jeers of all . ' During that short period it has from a small seed grown into a lai ^ e tree , so that a good many town birds lodge in the branches thereof . Without the
expense of a guinea in puffing or advertising , Feargus has oontrived in a year and a half to colle ct subscriptions enough to buy three or four estates-, and to settle on them three or four batches of labouring men in farms of two , three , and four acres . These farmB aro the absolute property of thesmall farmers They aro , indeed , subject to a redeemable rcat . " charge of five per cent , on the purchase money , but beyond this they are the absolute property of ihe tenant , who is thus converted into a landowner , a man with a stake in the country , a person whose interest is . by that very position placed ctrongly on the side of order , peace , and rational conservatism .
On Monday evening , August 9 , commenced , and pn-the . following Thursday , ended , the ballot for the allottaeM" 1 if f a"i ! Mll «^ Chartist funds . The estate appears to have conaisted of about three hundred and eighty-three acres , divided into one hundred and fifteen allotments ; thirty of two acres , seventeen of three acres , and sixty-eight of four acres . On Monday morning ( 16 th August ) the delegates from the different Chartist localities ' assembled on the Peop le ' s Second Estate , Lowbands , Worcestershire , in the splendid school-room erected in the centre of that beautiful spot . ' This was the
Parliament of the'National Land Company . ' It met in conference to discuss the extension and continuance of the Land Scheme , t he establishment of a Chartist Bank , a Chartist Insurance Company , a Chartist Loan Fund , and man } matters of detail arising out of these comprehensive designs ; it continued its silting for seveial days , from el-ht in the morning , with ono hour ' s intermission , till seven in the even * ing—each speaker being allowed five minutes wherein to address the Conference . The result has filled Feargus O'Connor with a very legitimate and natural enthusiasm ; but we must allow him to speak in his own person : —
The representation of the Land Company is splendid ; it is not like any representation that I havo ever seen in inylife ; the Old Guards aro the » o teaching the juveniles , and the juveniles are denoting the progress that has taken place ; in abort , tho representatives you havo Bent rejoice my heart and bespeak your improvement . It is the miniature of tbat full-length portrait of Liberty am ; Wisdom which Britain will present to the world ; all set upon one purpose—all aiming to arrire at the desired object . If I have had my full share of anxiety , I have had more than my full share of reward . Nine of your delegates , representing Scotland , and the several parti of England and part of Ireland ,. have examined my accounts , from the date of tiia last Conference down to Saturday last tho Uth instant ; they have gone over them like men of business , devoting three hours to tbe tkek , and I will g ive y ou t he resul t .
I produced receipts for every farthing , to tho amount of a pound , disbursed from the funds , and took no credit for small Bums nhich in tbe aggregats would havo made a lurga amount , neither have I charged a 6 ingle farthing for any expense coniequuiit upon travelling , oxamin-Ing estates , and attending auctions , amounting to about £ 400 or £ 600 , Siuce our lost' Conference , in December , I have received closo upon i-50 , , and for tbatBUiu I shewed value for every farthing . Wo have now in the bi » nk , and in deposit paid on estates , and incush nnrt
stock , noarly . £ 50 , 000 of available ^ capital , after pajiag for llcrrinjsgate and operations , and Lowbands and operations , and not counting , about £ 1 , 500 woafch of horses ariifarming implements . Nore than that ,. I pr « . duoed all baukors' books ; and our agents' ac c oun t for tho purchase of Bxchcquer-btlls ; and I shoTodr to tha Finance © ommittce , that , without a single oxsagtion , the monies received up to each Saturday night weoo deposited on the following Tuesday , the earliest period at which Poit-offlce orders could bo cashed , and T / iaring interest from tiat day to the pment .
To . this statement Feavgus O'C onnor adds , that the Land Company hns in lia \ id more than 300 aci' 83 of land not yet ballotted fr ^ ., and that a further ballot for a . muoh largor . number than bave been ballotted fouyot , will tp ' ice place on the 25 th 0 : October . ' On the day en which tb ' jg Chartist Parliament opened its sittings there w ^ g ^ have been a grand demonstration at LowbaB j S ) an (\ the people flocked to it from all parts , but the woather proved uupropitious .
Sunday * the . day prevS > 0 u 8 i fonna numwous individuals gratifying themselves v , 1 ^ viewing this' Working man ' s home / Its tasteful p (( lte 8 i BniDging frem stonii piers at tke several entrance * ' aa& beautiful crescents , of forty , five st 9 ne . bullt cott 4 ge 8 i ana out-houses , and the splendid schools , were the th ' ema of unmixed admiration . It was quite refveil A { Dg to witness the magnificent crops of wheat , barley , &C ( wlth which the neighbourhood abound , Mr ' O'Connor has a quantity of cows grazing on the meat ^ ,, i d , which won the wonder of allwhilst his s' ^ ecimen monBter wheat , and the model potatoes , oxer j ] 6 nt in size , quality , and quantity , B 6 any we over sav /( prove 3 universally attractive . Mr O'Connor , who is caii 6 ( i the Squire ' appears to be the ' a dmired o l
all » f itairers , ' y t h e p oor and sho p ke ep ers for mil e s aro' / nd , whilst the Bmall gentry , ' with whom It was our lot , to come in contact , all appeared to have tht greatest c' / ead of Mr O'Connor , the Charter , and the Small Farm System , and aneeringly asked if the Chartists were coming on Monday to have a good spree , and get jolly drunk ? , and appeared . quite astoundod when we told them that the Chartitta were a seber reflecting people , and t ha t many of them were total abstainers of long standing , and were literally petrified when we ihowed them that the working classes were the mainstay of the state , and of far more importance than the aristocracy—and that it was the purpose of the Chartists , in building these ' home colonies , ' to obtain a legitimate influence by the exerclso of the franchise . ¦ , In what we have hitherto said , wo hare confined quwItos to a mere general statement of waulM . a *
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tornv f&tufe cpportuftlfjr we may " : enief- ' raa minutely into details ; but " what concerns us atpt " Xent , is to draw the attention ' of our readers to th , raam fiict , that by this principle of co operation th werftinp classes have ari . immense power of improv ing thoir condition , which has " no dependence on the making of now laws , Be ? ober ami thoughtful tor twelve months , ' says Mr O'C ' onubr , in a moment of enthusiasm , ' and you need no . v ask for theChar - ter . ' ^ Whether this be or bo not . 1 rhetorical exagi geration , it is at all events certain i . hat the example now set isofimmensevaluefofourrfc aders on both sidesjfof the Channel . ; :: In Ireland it furnishes , or raa ? furnish , ¦ ° ! utioa of innumerablosodal difficulties , let the . '"pall far . mers set about doing what the Eriglftji working men are doing , ' and they need care very little abon / ' tenant light , compensation forjiniprovetnenla , b . ' an improved land law . If they wish to-, doss 'u hey may make the land their own , ' and emoflcipate IhaTT * 'elves for ever from the tyranny of lamiionis ; . In England , amongst the Catholics of large towns * 't is also worthy of consideration that the princJ&lal of co-operation is just as applicable to tftepurchas €£ < h houses , or of rooms even , as to ' the purchase ef'and . Thousands of them by the exvrcise of . af iiute forethought prudenceand sc ! f- « J « snialbav e ^
, , , •{• w their power to become the owners of th y nouses or rooms in which they live , and to eman- ' '' Pate themselves and their children after them - « rom the tyranny of rentV "V . VJ e , * lirow out these hints by no means at «*«• ' ¦ Pm , but with a very definite purpose , win « h , un-Je \ s we are disappointed , we hope soon to ' be able ' '» , /!?] , our reftde 'S' I » the meantini ' e , we annot do better than quote from the Ofo wstof ten-Vta a paragraph which sliom-if the fact need prool .-Sliafc schemes of this Icind have no t&v waT connection with Chartism , and aro foroiWth emselves . uiJo' operation b y the sheer necessity s > i *»»
case . ¦• * At Eadaerminster an ' Indrpendent d-opwafl ' ' ^ and Association' has been-ftrmed , amf tha n-. emhe . T * nave purchaimd the Hooborough Eitute , near that tcevn V and are about locate thereon about tw « nty-fivo et ' thirty families on-tbe O'Connor system ; The estate &ai . ' not only agricultural advantages- to recommend ir , bo 6 is In close proximity to a cahal and to the line offurf intended railway , and is In" the immediate vicihara 0 < f a _ populous . town , and the located ' parties nil belong- 1 <* w ^ . neignbpurhootl ,. instead of baing .- dvauii tr . * tW , *? from oppnsite / and ^ remote districts'o £ tht tfinWonn :
Itseeras , however , ttiatthe co-opwative plan 1 wag . iaP existence in Kidderminster before MrO ^ Crinnnr ' s scheme * - * w a s bronche d , and ; ' that several streets of good nncfr * health y Dau 6 es , with little » ardens attached , bail becis--erected there on this-plan , much to the advantage- ' - of all the parties concerned . We . tlduk- this fact welt' deserves encouraging mention and pubSoity . What ha ** - been done at Kidderminster may bo doue in Glouces ^ - ' t «; and by clubbing together their me&ns- the work-- " ing clasje * may ba able here as there to secure *'" for themselves ' good and healthy houses , with ' little * - - gardens attached , ' instead of being compiHed to reside * " - in the d-. > tostable . lauts , courts , and alleys- into which ; - many pf them rire at this moment crowded : L ' ct thinr
.--associate together , get some intelligent andtrustwdrttiy ; leadtrs , and responsible trustees , and ' they may soott raise shares sufficient to erect a score of comfortable working-men ' s bouses , , pleasantly and healthfully- ' situated , and with sufficient garden ground-attached to » - occupy all their leisure hours . When they have done- ' this , thfy will have bimentted thoumlvcaj and ' will have conferred an advantage upon the psoror classes--generally , by setting up a modol whiih private specula-01 s mim follotv , or be content to sea their property , vacant .
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TRADES' MOVEMENTS . Hbiwood Fustuh OuiTEniit—Dear Sir , —* i « yui-r columns are open for tho - defence of the working classes against oppression and misrule , 1 hope that Ifhall not be thought wasting your spaa for nothing in dufending tbat order . I would draw tbe attention of the working classes , and the public « enerally ,. toa trade ot workmen , called the tunian cutters , wb * are at present suffering the greatest degradation it is possible to inflict upon working men through class legislation and grievances in their own trade . During the last two months- they bave undergone three or four reductions in their wages . V . hen their wages are at the very most they don't average aboufr ten shillings per week , and now , since the reductionshave taken placo , the y don 't average about wren
Blulhngs . Before I ge bo far into the details r will ! mention the different descriptions of wesrk and the price given for it . Most of ti ; e cutting that is donein Hey wood ( as is very well known ) ' is at Messrs . Ashton ' s . There is ono description of work called ell-wide , or more commonly amongst the fustian cutters , yard wide , for this ( being about 6 evim day * work ) , they pay at the rate of eleven shillings ; . for D * 8 , or threc-quarterB , ( being a good week's work , ) s they give eight shillings ; . for E ' s , or five-eighths , they give seven shillings ; . and for half ells fwur shillings and nincpence . This ii a correct statement of tho prices the fustian cutters aro receiving for their work . How is it possible tbat a rnau who ha * three or four children can make a living ? They roust be masters of stone tbat darp offer tkeir men any such wages . It is well known that fustian cutting is at present mostly done by children . Men .
cannot compete against children , it i s im p ossible ,. . thlraf b 1 ^ t ^ mn ^ 8 ^ ha ^ t ^ M ^ i ; aro ; .. done . anc ^ with in the wstiatf ' cutting'Tirie ^ inc ' better . ! But - how to do away with children ? That is the task ; . There are so many sneaking , creep ing ) crouching , mean , and rascally sycop hants , who betray tlieirorder , that it is not in their power to do away with , children . There are to » many like *' ¦ ' * and others , who ( too idle to work thera ?» lve *) i get the children out of parish workhouses , to the number or about one hundred , pay a . man a pound a week tolo o k after them , and all that they themsolves do i * to look after work and pocket tliciv pounds . If cutters had but sense , their trade might be the richest . in existence The work cannot be done by steam for that has been often tried . The parlies I have * spoken of must bo pulled dovn if tbo rucn intend i »* - cbtain their deliverance . — A Fusius Cuiieb ob * IIhywood .
Cbatfoi ' . d Block-Peinibbs . —There ha 3 been * strike for some time pa 6 t at Evans ' s works .. Tho « ? Lancashire printers are hereby warned against the > - ^ delusion attempted to be practisinl upon them- — - * that they may get high wages at the above works £ - ' the truth being that the present strike is against . ? an attempted reduotion . Messrs Johnson and Lee ,. proprietors of the well-known travelling tkoatre .. ^ lately gave an entertainment for . tho benefit-.. of thaG men on strike .
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Barb \ kity . —One of the Hull newspapers ( the < Ba » i Urn Comtties' Herald ) of Thursday , gives the faJL-JW * . in" account of a most revolting eaBe of inhumanity f which , it says , occurred at . the vil ' agp of Iloi&aiot ? , near Boston , Lincolnshire ,. on Saturday . laornia % week : — 'An itinerant Irishman , with-a . wifft . ai , i three or four famishing children , a fewdai 3 . ht& . solicited and obtained employment of a men , o £ ) , h 9 name of Spencer , foreman for Lady rufneH . iru the harvest field . His-wife was far advanced in . jr ces . nancy , and on the above mentioned morning ; w g » n to show signs of approaching labour .. Samces wj )(> is the overseer of the parish , and whose taty , j ¦ lahare provided for such a case , when intorf 1 C ( | of the circumstance , went immediately to tne-w jmaH ' s
hnsband and discharged tern , at toe . sa t * 0 t j me tellin g him he must loavo tbo town , jus ;* ltiyi } a order to prevent any expesses and trou , Ul % hj wife might put him or the perish to . I he Ir-a hman of c o urse r e m o nstrated , representing his m * e ' s condi tion and her unfitness t . o travel . All tac ( p oor ix \\ oyf could urgs or say was wholly unkeeded i - fop Sr « ncer threa t ened , if they re&sed to go , to liai d t ' he m im . prisoned . Ho also declined paying fiie a ,- * ,, his wages until he saw . them fairly oui of tbe ¦ -town . Thus , compelled , " ! they commenced , their jor m ^ y to Ferriby , another village about a inilo or tffo ofrV What the woinaa suffered on tho road it is . impossible to describe ., They had saavrely arrive d at this place , when tho hapless creaturo was de iivei ^ d ia the open street , surrounded by tho unfeel itJg rabble , who bad congregated to witness the sa ? ' i accctacle .
The miserable mother huddled up the d . eaif childfor dead it was—in her scanty and tatto td g jrme&ta to prevent exposure , until she was n imoyed to a public-houso stable , and there deposited on somet 6 traw . Mr Walker , guardian of Ferri ' oy , shortly afterwards came to see her , but he ne . ver thought at sending for a doctor uutilshc bagarc to exhibit evident symp tons of delirium and a high state of fever . Mr Morley , of Boston , Burjean , was speedily in attendance , aud at once pronounced her iu & very dan . gerous state , in which she tow remains . Spencer and Walker aro both married mriu L'uly Tufnell , whose 6 ympatliv and benevolcnco aro ffsll known , on . keying oftho distressing case , at ouce iniimated her intention , as we arc informed , of imtued ' ustely discharging Spencer i ' rom her service . . Yfa ara iur « ther apprised thai the proper authorities have aiuce taken tho matter into their hands and commenced
proceedings against Spencer . West London Cisntbu , Anti-Exciosurb As 3 ocr ATioN . —At the last weekly meeting ot this association , at the Princess Roya ' , Circus-street , New-road , September 6 th ; Mr Johns in tho cbair : — A vote of thanks was accordedtto William Ilowitt for an additional gift ol five volumes to the library of this association , and a like compliment was also given to William Kinu , manager ot tho Bank ot Industry . for the gift of a volume of the Oo-opmuw Mamrine . ' and various pamp hlets . Aft . for tbe mh »
£ H 2 l ^ ees : ^ KeSs : 'Sd reS SpublA ' tlnough ti . e « U indiC ference ind neglect of the working classes , f * , Mr Oastler states , havo ever baeu his best friends . 'I ha rlianks of the meeting wevo given to Mr O&sw . c for Ws proffered aid , and after a warn dobata w 1 Ihe Lund question , tho meeting was adjourned tuI Mon--d ay next , tbe 13 th instant , » t eight for hell-put , afe th ? above P >«; when xMrOftstlei ' n offer wOl \ a further considewd , .
^ Xhemembers Thk U1ti0nal Und 1 Company. " V
^ XHEMEMBERS THK U 1 TI 0 NAL UND 1 COMPANY . " V
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the any « «« ^^^ gjj # ..... : LONDON , SATURDAY / SEPTEMBER 11 . 1847 . «« b . vpIHe ., —^—i ^ y ^ ____ , /¦¦ v . » Piv « § IiiIlin and SSxpeil w pcr QHarler ?!« . ! ' — : ¦
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 11, 1847, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1435/page/1/
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