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""TJS KYILS 6? L&ND MONOPOLY.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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sg ^^^ ss daystoted ) , tie lyaolreef Great Britain to suffer no 'S 52 wi * - md * rtnceof any of the Italian 8 SFfir *!? Y ^ Uldm Monarchic states , ffiL Mhuit ? yi . 1 «« w K » oWed to form acampof « j 000 men at thefwtof the Pyrenees . At apatrU £ 8 ^ 5 . % MPW of the town , proved the words'ToWKing
SSA ^ IS' * ' * rof the French , to whoa France confided seventeM yean ago the guardianship of her destiniesand fS . < JWeaoon ^ P 00 * to our longexpectatwnJ ' That toast , ' says the Counter d Jhm y , n f «» iTedinthcriesofZa jfawei 7 tese . " Thecouncas-generalofthe eight y-sk departments are holding their enstomary session . The agitation f « parliamentary reforms has in many iaatancesfoiwd expression in these bodies . . This has excited the wrath ot the government , and the Journal des BilaU attacksthem for exceeding in this their proper and Iegitunatefonchons . The National expresses its anprobation of the movement which is taking place throughout the provinces , fa the shape of reform dinners , after the example of the great
demonstraiien « tbe Ubateau Rouge , in Paris . At the very moment we are writing , ' says the National , —> . A numerous and patriotic reunion to taking place at Stint Qaentin . It follow ! after that . of Soiisons , of wMeh we have already spoken . M . Odfflon Barrot , who u present at that basquel , delivered at the preceedlrig dinner a remarkable speech ,, which , we regret , reached us too late for publication . We congratulatethe ' chief of' the Left' upon his activity during the interval of the Parliamentary sessions . He fulfils a duty , and gives an excellent example . While we applaud the language of M . Odillon Barrel with respect to the duties imposed on as by onr position as pablic men , we wish to make some observations on the concluding sentence of his speech . ' Our greatest and oar most alarming : trials , ' said M . OdillonBarrot , ' are not to bt found in our pasthistory but are to be apprehendedfrom oar future . ' . Ifitbeas a Mend of the dynasty that he dreads coming events , he is
, perhaps , right . The social movement in Europe is not ia favour of dynasties , but we do not considerthat tact to be a seriouscause of nneasiness for men devoted to the gMSlHsa and prosperit y of a country . TOyi then , should France experience any alarm at a renovation become necessary * .. * . * * . * We hear the reply ; and wo have already heard it so fre . qnentlyfromtimidmen , ttatwerepeat it withoHtfearing to be mistaken—the pnblic is afraid of communism . This spectre has replaced that of 1793 ., It haigrown large in the shade , and repirt has given to it the most alarming proportions . It is a torrent « hich is dragging the entire operative class into an ab yss . On the first chanje in our political organisation , this torrent will overflow , and overthroivin Its passaga property ; fanulj , and countrj . We should wish to show how many operatives could be found to saciifice , ' family , and country ! The National concludes by stating that
—, ; The communists are not to be feared ; ' that ' all that is required is the general amelioration cf the social condition of Francs , the repression and punishment of iniquity , and the re-establishment of justice f that 'the distinction of classes should be effaced , and the labourer be placed iapouession ofhUrights . Such is the object of the renovationanneunced and promised by the prestnt aspect of public affairs . '
SPAIN . The Madrid mails of the 13 & have- brought the intelligence of the completion of the cabinet by the appointment of M . Goyena , Minuter of Justice , to the presidency , and M . Costaxar to the ministry ef foreign afiairs . This is considered as a further check by the French party and the Moderados . The Madrid Gazette of the ldth contains a circular , signed by M . Escosura , the minister ef the interior , addressed to file authorities throughout the king , dom , prohibiting the introduction into the kiBgdom of the Courtier Franeau , in consequence of its hay . ing in its 250 th number spoken ofher Majesty the Queen in terms shamefully calumnious . A serious military conspiracy ia favour of General Names and the French party had been discovered at Parapeluaa . Several officers of the garrisan were implicatedinit .
SWITZERLAND . The grand council of Berne , which is both the legislative and executive organ of the canton , has Toted the sum of £ 10 , 000 to put the military contingent of the canton in a condition to take the field . Independently of the troops whieh this vote will put in preparation there isalreadyanarmy fully equiped , disciplined , and ready to take the field , amounting to 20 , 000 men . This vote was carried in the grand eenncQ with only two dissentients ont of 106 members . The canten of Zurich appears to be disposed to adept similar measures . The burgomaster Farer , who is deputy to the diet , replied to the multitude who had given him a serenade , that he should yote for war eran if he were certain of perishing in it . Ia the canton of Tesdno several thousand volunteers had inscribed their names . The federal
ColonelRilliet Constant had been appointed commander-ia-chief of the force to be sent against the sepa . » ted cantons . The government of the canton tf Fnburg has just decreed that all soldiers , either ¦• longing to troops on active service ,, or belonging to the Landwehr , are to have their arms blessed by the priests , paying seven bate for each firearm , and five batz for every other arm . The produce of this novel tax is to be divided between the government , and clergy , ia the proportion of seven-twelfths to the former , and fire-twelfths to the hitter . Letters from Berne , of the 16 th instant , state that the Federal Directoiy received a communication from the government of Valais , in which the latter not only protested against the decree ofthe Diet relative to the expulsion ef the Jesuits , but formally declared that it would not submit to it , and would oppose its execution by force , if necessary . ITALY .
The news from Italy this week is not so favourable . It is clear that the union and coincidence ef sentmentand of views , hitherto ascribed to the people of the various states who have declared themselves for Liberal institutions , have been a little shaken . The King of Sardinia has prohibited the wearing of any colours « r badges in his dominions than those belonging to Sardinia . Other checks to the enthusiasm so general a few days ago have also been experienced . This interruption of the progre s in Italy is attributable partly to Austrian influence and partly to a principle of self-preservation , it having transpired , it is said , that powerful efforts were in progress to recommend the Prince de Canino ( son of Lucien Bonaparte , ) as the fittest Sovereign for all Italy . On the ether hand . it is stated that the Austrian government is determined to inarch troops into every town or city in Italy in which National Guards have been , or shall . be established ; The Comment states that—
-Austria has notified her determination to interfere in theDuchiet of Parma and Lucca , jud in the Grand Duchy of Tunany . General Walmodea is to execute that project of intervention , with the Austrian troops now marching towards Italy . . The forces ander the command of that General will sunultanously enter Central Italy en two points . One column will cross the Po oa the side of Placentia , and the other near Mantua . The first will occupy Parma , and by the Pontremoll road , advance to Lucca ; tha seeond will traverse Modeaa . enter Tuscany on the side of Pistoja , and occupy Florence and Leghorn . The Court of TIenna , moreover , in order to insmre the success of its assigns , takes good care to r « new its declarations ia favour of tha in . dependence of the Holy See . Austria does sot mean to menace the BomanSutes . If that pUa be real , as we luve every reason to suppose , we can aow account for
the attitude suddenly assumed by the Cabinet of TIenna after tbe untoward occupation of Fenara . The explosion of hostilities was chicked by the firmness of the protests of the Boman gorernmsnt , by tha energetic demonstration of ths population of tha Pontifical dominions , and fiaally , by the decision of the King of Piedmont Austria could not command sufficient strength to attack openly a cause so universally popular as that of the Holy See . Bat what could not bo achieved in a direct Banner may be attempted with greater security xa an indirect one . By Interfering in Toscany , particularly , the Imperial teeapt will be * fc hand to pounce at once on the Roman States , sa as to cat then in two , and separata th » legations from the capital of those states . And by this means the intervention in the Pontifical dominions may b « accomplished so snddealy that no power will be able to prevent it . The intervention and its definitive result will ba known at the same
time . Letters from Rome state that the celebrated tribune , Angeto Brunetti , better known as Ciceroacchio , was appointed standard-bearer ef the Civic Guard of Rome . Letters from Anoona , in the PaVade of yesterday , exult in the presence of the Rodney , Vanguard , and Albion , rifling at anchor in that noble harbour . Letters bava beea rtcehed from Ferrara , at Boms , dated tha 8 th , which state that the Austrians have b * some Isss exasperating . They , however , are itlllta oc copatioa ofthe town , and send out numerous patrols every night , and an prepsxingfor thtmselves convenient winter quarters ; the commandant of tha garrison
has ordered sentry-boxes to be made , which looks as if they were determined to remain . A sanguinary conflict has taken place between the Tyrolians and Hungarians in the Austrian service at Ferrara—the first taking the part ef the Pope , and the second defending the Emperor . Several were killed , and two Tyrolians and one Hun . garian have since been tried by a court martial , and condemned to death . They were banged by mtans of a hook forced through the neck , entering at the throat and coining out at the back . The garrison has received no reinforcements ; and sickness , as a natural consequence of the season and place , fats made great prognss among the men . ' ,
The Roman journals and letters tram that city have brought a proclamation , issued by tiw Secte-
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' ... r . : , r . < "TT" ^ 7 ry ? rrr * r !? ii !^^^^^ M ^» P ^ & ^ 1 la me receat popular aemoBStranoiisr Tfae ~ Pfaiw ^ Canino . has incurred the disapprobation of- the aaflwnties for joining in the exclamations uttered by the popula te miavenr of 'Italian independence / Immediately after the government had received ^ answer et Austria to the protestation against'the oiseupabon of Ferrara , Cardinal Eerretti had actnfeN encewith the principal members efthe t diplomatic corps , whe signified their opinion that the fright of Austria -to ooeapy Ferrara wasi ineontestable ; that the cardinal then putting ; aside the question ^ of nghVurged that the occupation ef Ferrara , being it * self the cause of the effervescence and * irritation whioh prevailed in the other statesof Italy ; its evacuation as a mere raatterof policy enght to be conceded . Oh this ground the cardinal again
demanded , in categorical terms , the retirement of the Aug . tnanforces .:- ' ¦ :- ; ¦ * - : : ¦• : ¦* - , ; ^ :. ... ,, .. . ¦>¦ :. Letters from Florence bring further details of the popular ovations which took place there on the pub lieationofthe decree for establishing the national guard , when the people collected in thousands in the square in front ofthe palace , uttering cries in favour of Leopold ILi PiuS'IX-., and the Italian League ; and the windows of the houses surrounding the square were decorated with brilliant draperies and filled with ladies whoiwaved the Tuscan flag ( white and red ) . The Grand Duke , leading his two ; sens , presented himself on the balcony ; in front of the palace , to make his acknowledgments to his people . Seeing the national cockadeon everv breast , and the
national flag waving every where around , and not having one at hand , he ordered two silk mantles to be taken from the shoulders of , the members of his family , a white and red , uniting whieh helmprovised the national flag , which he waved from the balcony . A deputation was afterwards admitted to the palace to present tothe Grand Dake , from his people , a flag ofthe Tuscan colours ; In his answer to the address of the deputation , the Grand Dake concluded with the memorable . words : —* Be assHredj gentlemen , that ; above » H other qualities , " I am an Italian prince ! , Am Inot a native of Fiu land have I not ever been your brother ! ' He then presented himself
again on the balcony to the multitude with his two sons , having in his hand the national flag which had just been presented to him . - It ia impossible to describe the burst of enthusiasm which followed this . The people shouted , wepfc and embraced each other . Priests * monks , women , and children , equally transportedvwith the . generaldelirium , placed ^ en their breasts the national cockade , and ran in all direcfaens in the wildest joy , shouting ^ Viva Leopold ©! Vwa Pio Nono ! Vira la Guarda Oivica , i fratelli MMtolia , a Popolo lUliano ! Viva gli Amid del The advices from Leghorn give a most animated piotureof the celebration which took place there on the 8 th : — - - ¦ . - - , ; . ¦ ..
Early in th » morning the drum called under the bannw of each parish the inhabitants who were to go and meet the deputations of the towns and villages convoked for the TtDttim . Thsyleft at eleven : ( Mock . Every parish was preceded by its peculiar banner ; adorned with banderolles of the Italian tricolours . Ten thousand persons filed off , exchanging huzzas and . vivas with the spectators , who were . waving handkerchiefs and'flags at the windows . Between the rows of men wero placed ladies crowned with leaves and flowers , and eofftesa la Eeari IV , They were adorned with trlooloured ribbons . The vicars and clergy of the different parish ** were di videa in groups , wearing the Italian eolours / as scarfs or round the arm .- Each ¦ deputation was preceded by a band of musicians . The whole matt marched in a
military step , in the greatest order , under the direction of several chiefs . When b y any circumstance the march was arrested for an instant , the groups , women , and even the clerjy , marked the step as soHiersunder arms . Foreigners attended this ceremony / dividing Into companies according to their nation . Th » French were remarked by their extreme good order . TheEngllsh were more turbulent . Thejbore small tricolouwdflagsatforaeu with inscriptions alluding to the liberty of Italy , and endeavoured to obtain the plaudits of the crowd . . After thearelfeunand the solemn blessing , / the processiah m » ved again . The effervescence was at ite height , but want of food dispersed these masses of people . About four , the population was again called out by the drum .
to attend in cohorts the ceremony of tbe inauguration of the statue of tha Grand Duke , which was saluted ' by an immense shout , when the sculptor placed upon it a scarf of the natioaal colours . In the evening other scenes of rejoicing were going forward . Soldiers who had fraternised with the people , priests , monks , women , marched in rows , singiagthehymnof Plus IX . Capuchins gave to the females the kiss of fraternity ; priests excited with joy , sam in rags , extended a fraternal hand tothe passer-by . Popular speakers , who had been overpowered by fatigue and by heat during the day , cow spoks to the people about the love of their native land , and excited them to stand up for the independence of Italy . Leg horn will long treasure up the remembrance of this day . - ¦¦ . - . . . -.-: ¦ - .. . ^ . l- : . >¦ ¦ "
Another letter , dated Leghorn , the 10 th , says ;—Crowds are still assembled in the streets . The clandestine press hBB resumed all its activity , and preaches up the necessity of a constitution . The ' sews of the manifestation which took place at Genoa on the 8 th , when Known at Leghorn , gave ' a froth ' impalse to tbe popular effervescence The arrival ofthe PrineodeCa . nino from Rome , who , waring the . uniform of the National Guard of Rome , has been tha object of a popular ovation , added not a little to keep np the excitement . Much' anxiety is felt onthe subject of the movement at Florence which , as I mentioned yesterday , is to take place en the 13 th . It appears that the radical party wlshgs to bring about another ministerial modification , and to have & constitution proclaimed . In the meantime the Grand Duke has ordered his troeps to . wear the Tuscan oockade , and has adopted it himself , after giviog up the colours whish hs bore as Arehduke . ef Austria . The people express great sa ' tisfactioa at this change . ;
Letters from Bologna , ef the 9 th , say that the Dake of Modena was obliged to leave his states , and take refuge at Parma , where an Austrian force is collected . . ,--. . ., ¦ . The popular demonstration of the 8 th instant at Genoa was renewed the following day . when a body of citizens , amounting to 2 , 000 , were headed by the Marquis George Doria . The quarter Portoria , where the insurrection against the Austrians broke out in 1746 , was illuminated . The people , on this occasion , besides the , usual loyal acclanations , uttered cries for ' a national guard . ' "Whatever may have decided the authorities , which until then werepaisive , the troops were then called out , and a . proclamation issued by the municipal authorities , exhorting the peaple tobe tranquil , alluding to the . Pose in terms
of praise , and at the same time the assemblage was dispersed , but without . violence . A letter from Gesoa ofthe 13 th , says that the popular celebration which had beea designed for the preceding day had been suspended , by order of the government . No restraint however was imposed on the use of the printing press , bo far as respected the printing of hymns written in a sfylA ofthe hi ghest excitement against the Austrians , and which were set to musio and sung in the streets . . The Sardinian government has evinced displeasure at the manifestations which took plats at Genoa and s » ia 9 other towBB . Three of the members of noble families . who took part in these , proceedinis had been since moved to . Turin . These werethe
, Marquis George Doria , who headed the procession oh the 8 th , and MM . Giacomo Balbi and Raggi . Demonstrationahad taken place at Savona , at Chiavari , and generally in the neighbourhood of Genoa . The monks , who were generally opposed to the Jusuitsin Piedmont , signified their adhesion to the popular movement by illumicating their convents in the most , brilliant manner . A petition to the king , for the institution ef the National Guard , and for % qualified liberty of the press , was prepared . A draft ofthe memorial had bean " submitted to the municipal chiefs , the syndics , and tothe archbishop , for their signature . ' They individually expressed their willingness to sign it provided it were previously forwarded to Turin for the approbation of
the king . Tbe Archbishop ( M . Tadini ) was reported to have said , 'I will sign it with the greatest pleasure , 'for I cannot forget that . before'being an ecclesiastic I have been an Italian . ' The document was accordingly forwarded to Turin . . ' ; Letters from Milan , of the 11 th instant , say that the popular movement which took place there on the 8 th and 9 th , had been quelled by the armed force . A notice had been posted in the city by the authorities , on the 10 th , warning all persons who regarded their personal safety to remain at home . Patrols circulated through the streets en that day , and in the evening several persons in the piazza Fontana were wounded . The acts of violence ofthe soldiers have been directed chiefly against
unoffending and unarmed citizens . The worst offenoe charted against any one was having cried 'Viva Pio IX I On the 8 th one man was killed and 150 persons were wounded , ' " A letter from Palermo , dated the 6 th of September , makes us better acquainted with the movement at Messina . On the first of the month the officers of the garrison gave a dinner in honour of General Busacca , who had just been promoted to the rank of brigadier-general . Atthat the plot manifested itself . The insurgents wished to make all the officers who were present at the banquet prisoners , but by a fortuitous oircBmstance they were retarded in their attempt , and when they appeared to surprise the officers the latter had all departed . They found only General Busacca , who was setting into bisooach . They fired several shots at him , and wounded him
severely in the neck and the shoulder , and mortally wounded his serf ant- The coach ofthe general was pursued as far as the fert , but the troops , who ; tad taken up arms , repulsed the assailants and drove them back with several discharges of grape shot . The attack was conducted with tha greatest rmlu turn . The contest continued from sixuntilmne o ' clock at night , when theauthorities had the upper hand . At that time it was distinctly stated tbat there were forty killed , ef which eight or ten belonged to the military . Numerous arrests then took place . During the disturbance a monk ran through the streets waving a flag , which , it is alleged , was tri-coloured . Others were brought forward of red and green colours with a yellow cross sprinkled with stars . The people ia fighting constantly cried , ' Viva liberty 1 Vnatte wnantufion 1 Vita Piua
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^ JX » ; "Tt '&- . ** l : : ~ - ""—^ si&w ^ te . ^ the ^ wntest ^ wlfenewed . on . the Srvtl ^^^' t' ^ - ^ rf led into the breakShadffi ^ "' ^ "no . that similar ; outthStSe SJS € Vl ace at Oataniaand Syracuse , and ruotedLtefr , ^ mmunitotioD hadbeen tatw . 'at th ? samS ^ l Na P - ' An insurrection ated nSn ^® ^? at Reggio , a town situ-<™ iffi ^ tfW * Me 88 ins - AtKeggioahbffiber son , wnica will exnlain fti . inn ** . « Zt * l-:: ^
--i-___ fellow croL wilt ¦ ¦ | a * ' . « M » *««« figured it in a for tJentv w \ atar 8 ; and : amitre ^ Sd this waved amSStirt ? ? 0 TCr th » *» « i ^ did not diswEonft iS ^ m ? - easels arrived from Naples peSceWedttf * - Th 58 "inforcement having Ln iir ^^^ KSSuSS &- ! 3 ^!^^^^ ^!^ mS nS * hepollce 0 H wh of theae days arrested ¦¦ ¦' " ¦ ¦ —— «»/» yu wwu
persons s ^ r ^ mos-a i nS ^ wh « go ^ uS ^^^ Smi i- to death « and ins ^« 5 yss s fiSSiJ M ? t ml 1 ? ° « correspondent ; hasoaused much pain aad touch apprehension in Paris ^ A letter from Messina , of the . 6 th isst , , quoted by the iC *' lute deMarmlla- announces that the insuVeen t ^
unven out ot tne city , still maintained themselves in the neighbourhood , and frequently attacked the advanced ' -ppsts of the garrison . The population of Melaa&va town within 10 or 12 leagues of Messina , was said . to have joined the movement and seized oh the citadel . Finallyj it was believed that Castrogipvanni , a strong place in the interior of Sioily , hnd also , raised the standard of revftlt . At Naples the an £ sU continued . Amongst' the persons now in cuBtpdj were two eaitors of the Neapolitan Review and aformer officer of artillery . Report stated-that the insurrection had extended to Apulia and the Abruzzi , and that Teramo , the capital of the : U 1-tenor Abruzzi , had hoisted the flag of independence . ; The followisg . receivad since the abdve . was in type ,
snows taat the execations above alluded took place not > at Reggie but at-Messina . The- Semaphore de MamMesof Vbe 18 th ins * ., contains'intelligence frpmNaplesof the 13 th . The situation ofthe kingdom ofthe Two Sicilies was becoming daily , more alarming for the government . Insurrection was everywhere ; and it was doubted that the King could rely much longer on the loyalty of the troops , although they had hitherto willingly contributed to the repression of the revolt in Sicily . The s King of Naples expects to be able to restore order by means of terror . The prevotal courts he has established at Messina and other towns have been instructed : to show ho mercy . All the insurgents taken with arms in their hands are to be tried and immediately shot . Onthe 12 th inst ., twenty-five young men , between twenty and thirty years of age , belonging to all classes of society , were put todeath at Messina .
The populations of suspected localities ' were to be decimated .. The account of those sanguinary executions fiad excited , at Naples , a general feeliBg of indignation and horror .:: . ... .. ; ..-. ; . ; The NoweWste de Mamilks announces that : Reg < gw aaa bega bombarded by a division of steam tris 3 tea .. . ' , A great number of houses , ' say b a letter addressed to tbat journal , have been destroyed , and many victims'Jsro buried under their ruins . The venerable bishop was obliged to implore , ¦ with tears in his eyes , the Count of Aquila , brother to the King , who commanded in person the bombardment ^ to auspenithe work of destruction . The firing nevertheless did not cease until long after the departure of the insurgents , * ho retired into the mountains . The Aug 3 bvrgh Gaxdlt saya that the Italian tricolearflag ( white , Tetl ; and green , ) floats over Lucca , and that the city , has adopted the raotte'The ind * pendence and unity of Italy . ' ¦¦
! _• • • ' - RUSSIA . ¦ • • . The National ' announces , on the authority of a German correspondent , that : the Emperor Nicholas has summoned all his Ambassadors at foreign courts to meet him at St Petersburg . It would appear that some great movement is contemplated , and that - the Emperor has called his diplomatists to' his presence to give them their final instructions .. ¦ > .. ¦ ,. - ¦ -POLAND .- * . The Choujb * —The Frankfort Journal publishes a letter , dated Warsaw , 12 th inst ., which states that the utmost . consternation prevails in that city in consequence of the appearance of oholera at Kie w , audits rapid progress towards the west . Theau . thowties were preparing hospitals and a lazaretto at Warsaw . - - -, ¦ -, •¦ .- ; . ¦ ¦ -
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: ^ MiBsaAi OuwNOT , Ddkk of Rkooio . —The Presse publishes , the following biographical sketch of the late Marshal Oudinot , Duke of Reggio : — ' Nicholae-Charles-Oodinot , Duke of Regaia , Marshal of France , Governor of the Invalides , Peer of France , Grand Cross ofthe Legion of Honour , Grand Cross of , St Louis ; Knight of the . Holy Ghost , was born on the 2 nd of April ; 1767 , and was consequently 80 years , 5 months , and 11 days of age . Oudinot sprung from a commercial family of Bar , began his military career at 16 years of age , in the regiment of Medoe , but in the year 1787 , at the entreaty of his father , he quitted the Bervice . -He entBited the army again within three yearsi In 1791 we find him major in the brave re ' eimeht ofthe Volunteers of the Meuse , with which he
defended the fort of Bitcher against the Prussians in September , 1792 , and made 700 prisoners . He was immediately afterwards appointed to command the regiment of Picardy . He was appointed General of Brigade after the 14 th prairial ofthe year 2 . He marched on Treves ; whieh he captured on the 7 th of August ,-1794 , and remained in command of the town . Oudinot was nearly cut to pieces by sabre wounds on the 18 th of October , 1795 , in a night attaok , and was made prisoner . He was exehangsd after a period of five months . At the blockade of Ingoldstadt lie receivad a gun-shot wound in the thigh and several sabre cuts on the arms and neck . He waB appointed genwal of division on the ISNt of April , 1799 . He figured with that rank at Ulmand at
Zurich , - and subsequently as Macena ' s principal aidede-camp . It was be whobronght the account of the armistice of Trevisoto Paris , In 1803 , he commanded the greuadiers at the camp of Boulogne . He entered Vienna 40 days afterwards , whence ha marched to force the bridges of thejDanube . Oudinet afterwards took part in . the battle of Wertbgen , Armstetten ,. and Juntersdorff , where ( he was again wounded . He was covered with glory-at Austerlit ? . ' . Hei " wa g at the battle of Jena , and he entered Berljn on' the 23 rd of October , 1806 , whence he passed into Poland : He gained the vietory of Ostroleukaon the 6 th of February , - 1807 . Napoleon raised him to the rank of Count of the Empire , with adoUtionofl , 000 , 000 f . OudiQotfiguredsubBequently at tbesieze of Dantzic , at Friedland , and at Tilsit . We find him Governor of Erfurt in 1808 : He defeated
the Austrians on the 13 th of May , 1809 . He covered himself with glory at Wagram . He entered Vienna , and the Emperor created him' a - Marshal of Franoe . In 1810 he took possession of Holland in the absence of King Louis , who had quitted the throne ., Marshal Duke of Reggio made the campaign of Russia and that of 18 U . "' After the restoration of the Bourbons , Louis XVIII . ' appointed him Colonel Generaloi Grenadiers ; and Governor of Metz . He lived retired during the hundred days . In October , . 1815 , Louis XVIII . appointed him Commander-iri € Mef of the National Guard of Paris , and decoraUd him with his orders . Marshal' Oudinot made' the campaign' of Spain ' i'iri 1823 , captured and governed Madrid . ¦ The Manual leaves one son , the MarquiB Oadinot , Lieutenant-Goneral , Deputy Commander of the Legion of Heaour , and memberof the Consulting Committee of Cavalry . ' -- / ; i V " V . -: ' : rr- ; . ^ -
Romantic Siort .-A seaman belonging to the north of Scotland , eleven or twelve years ago , sailed from Liverpool in a British vessel , which he left in the West Indies , and enteaed en board a foreign ship . Thereafter he ^ as . entirely lost sight of , and thouRh many vagus rumours reaihid his friends , nothing satisfactory could be ascertained concerning his fate AU'doubte , however , have now' been dissipated' by the unexpected appearance of the long > lost one , mpropria per « ono , and his long absence is snifioiently aooounted for by the following story , which comes to us in an authenticated shape :- * 'When he disappeared he had entered the Ameritan brig Endeavour , . which was dismasted in the Gulf of Mexico by one of the hunioanes so common ia those seas ,
and the vessel , soon after filling with water , the crew were left entirely without provisions of any sort . For forty days they floated about , supporting life and appeasing the demands of appetite by the horrible expedient of cuU ' mg « p and eating the bodies of their dead companions , till , in the case of his companions , exhausted nature gave way , and out of acrewoftwwtv . healone survived . He was taken off the wreck in a state of insensibility , and carried ashore by a poor Indian fisherman , is , whose cabin W lived tor three months , slowly regainingstrength . On his recovery he joined a party ef seven-British
sailors , also shipwrecked on the coast , resolving te travel to the nearest seaporttfn Texas ) of which they knew / On their route , however , they were attacked and captured by a party of Indians , by whom they were stripped and compelled to undergo moredible privations . Under this treatment four of their number sank in less than eight months ; and after witnessing the death by torture of two more , this individual , after the lapse of ten yenrs , founa means to escape , and has again appeared in this country . The game man waa formerly a prisoner for a considerable time among the cannibals o ? New Zealand , and also [ came through many ; hartghips and adtentarcg is * tint Peruvian war of iud / jpeaiienw .
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;• the ^ vtoas ^ AN © s ^ bifow ' s o ^ IkBtAsb . ' •¦ - . *¦¦ . ¦; : „ ; . ¦¦ < , (• . „;( .. : ¦ . ; . ¦ <; ¦ . - - ... ¦ - ... / -j-. r- - . ; 1 ' <¦¦ ' ¦ <; : ¦ ' ¦ ¦ , r . TOTHB , BDnptfop ' THBiroaTHKBy STi » V ; ' " Dbae Sia ^ ltwas truly pUaslng , to read the reported ipeeoh of Lord Stridbrooke ( at the 'Ahnual Meeting of the East SuBfoirA ^ riftultnrai Aisbciaiiea )' , In this idayV Star , ' but h » w . far note plssgin ^ wouia it to II what he ^ , '^ Tongly ¦ re ' comtnBHdi ; ' was carried into' effect ; Knowing as I / . well / do , ; fromexporlerice , that the unW talntyof . ttnwein ; my own ill . fated country ( Erin ) ' ti one ofher greatest Uls , a » that , ' and that alone , lays my countrymen op * n to the chargtf ' pf being idle ; lazy , and rioveuly , I tin iniubsd td pen the foUbwlng , hoping it may be productive of good . " ¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ " ' ¦ *• ¦ °
HavlBj travelled a large portion of that kingdom With the late lamented . Wm . ' CsbbBtt , E ,. q ., - M . pf 8 nd ' that unpurohaieaWe and sterling , democrat , Mr Patrick O Higging , of North Ann-street , Dablin , I had an oppor 2 tUn aul A ^ $ * ™* . 3 o ^ yoi plaoei which wevisited , thatthero were premiums held out for idlenoBi and Its eoneomitantB , ina unuch as , if holdlngi were improved , or the holders improved their own appearances , increase of rent was the consequence , or , perhap » , what would still be wpwe , ejection ; to make room for agents' favourit e * , or auch as could pay a finewhereas those who dragged along in the bonimonrou : ^^ " ¦•^^¦ .. ¦^• " ^ liiaB ^ BMtolfaikrt btf
w ?« 8 » , « t tacauw h » Umewwhed his house , put on a good coat , or kept his iphUdrewlean , cr sent them to" a good school / he was , therefore , '' considerod able to pay more rent , and' noaltornattvehti but to pay , or expulsion ! I knbwEnglith wo > k } ng . men well I have how struggled with them for yeari . ' . localiy . iand otherwise ; and I know that . there' hnot an intelligent one in this kingdom who ' . would , ta » ei y . submit to such " degrada . " ??• . ^ ut » ? f ™ ypoprcountrjmen d 6 not 8 ubmtt , i wdr 8 e stares them ia thi , § 6 e , / Again . i would ask , " caa any son of l abour , » ay h > would ; be . aotiw were he to work | «^ e ? r fourteen hours a ' day , nndreceive 4 d . or Cd . Sf tSK * ? &&"& < Of Ti PP «« J , ' on the Earl of BffJ _•«¦*»*? ., we met a farmer wJm » , » ij ths . w . fl . i 8 deo
^ aS ^' een > er ^ ^^ ^^^ Uu mg i ^ n ^ » eU - the Pfoduce of the farm , and that , > early , there were chang ., m . king oa the citato Si stance , he ^ related was , that the right erXg w ^ fglvW to al the tenanis untll men . Iy ; but ,. t thft ttaf the Til * % & 8 ^! T * W , m ! i for : same , tnat is , * , 160 per acre . This was confirmeo by many' oi the tenants . Some short time prior to visiting the said estate , there was a olearance effected of forty-sfcv . ri famllies , to . make , . room for a Bteirard « ho came from Scotla . na , Tbese families were sent . on shipboard to go to America , the greater par' of , whom perished en the paB .
sage . . On my Lord Stradbrooke ' s estate ,. in the same county , I saw . as much ' tnlsery as on , any other , consequent upon the inattention of the . propriotor , and the ra . pacity of ogents , " bailiffs , &c .. Earnestly do I trust tbat hisLordship ' srecent words wili . be followed by acts , and extended to his properly ia Ireland ., If . sb , I would not ' hesitate to forfeit my life but his Irish tenants will be fodnd active , industrious , and . peMeverln ^ JW I never met one in any part of that country , who bad even but one acre of land in . his ; own . right , but who was , to a certain degree , c ' oafortable ' ( lf he were not a drunkard ) . The scenes witnessed during that tour-, would appear incredible had they been printed , as Mr Cobbett intended they should , under the title of the , ' Woes and Sorrows
el Ireland , ' thoughnothlng . was , then penned butwhat w » s truth itself .. Why tWslwork nmr appeared , I cannot say . exactly ; but I often . thought that , the facts then , ascertained , were so strong against some of the landed , proprietors ( who would fain . appear good men before the English nation ) , that . they by some means ( to me unaccountablej got possession , of these papers , and prevented their appearance . There were . scenes unfoldea which would make a Derb y , a Clonmel , a Strad . ' briolte , a MonteagU ( with all their titles ) blush ; Such revelations would , I am certain , let , the people of Ehg . laud know moreof thetyranny . of Irish landlords than a K / Sf ? rft ?* : ? P . Vpublished . There are some ho-{ tourable exceptions-rmen who glory in the welfare of their tenantry , and , consequently , participate in the £ > lcs 8 ingt lyhieh they diffq » ' e _ -but . they are few . I fondly
$ ope , that even now something may be done , H landlords generall y would but only act as lorJ Stradbrooke , r « ooiatDend 8 ; however , I must confess , that it would be a "' -taousand fold more pleasing to mo ( and , indeed , I ' l © 1 to my . . native , land !) , jf . a i ' eargus O'Connor could be had to set a Lana Company jioiug ther « . rThsn woulo the 'peoiie know their owa . worth . Thea it would be found that the Irish people are noither 5 ' kj , Wle , dirty , nor slothful , but on tie contrary , tbat they Ufa active , industrious , and pomvering , it they getb » t a stake in the land , of . their birth . , If our ladofatisable olilef , who has struggled for years arduously , and to a contain degree effeotively , for the working population of England ,
Scotland , and . ; Wales ,. would put bis Bhoulder to the whetl , and set the thing in motion , I daub : not of Us success . His veriest enemies will not den ) bis love of native land ; then let him but begin , and with such men as O'Higgins and O'Oorman Mahon to aid in'it ,- ' there 1 b little fear but kindred spirits will-be found to assht in the glorious work . In say humble opinioni Buch a oompany would produce more good iu Ireland for the toiling millions thereof ,, than all tbe societies got up by sbam patriots for the last half , a century . : Believe me , Mr Editor , the people are- getting heartily siok of the twaddle ofthe Concilifttion . hallplaee . huntlng humbugs . . ; , : Yours faithfully , . . .. Exeter , Sept . 18 , 1847 . ¦ .. . ,:. . > . . Hibbshicob .
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JEBSET APFAIRS . ' ' We should not fly from ilis we know . To those we know not of . ' TO THE IDITOB OF THK NOEIHBEN SPAS , . . ' Sib , —I should not have troubled you with this epistle had it not Veen for . a letter which appeared , In your journal from * ahr ' old inhabitant * of Jersoy in answer to bu ^' of mine on'the affairs of that island .,, lam very glad to hear that tbe BiiB is perused in Jersey , and at the'same time , ! beg to be understood by its readers there that I am not ' opposed to ' reform , 'but ' I am opposed to Whljr meuutes ef that natare . Althouga the present ' e ^ stera ' ; bfgovening . j «' ney ' 'i » bad enough , what ban th ^ t island gain by subh a reform as proposed by the commissioners , whose repovt the Whigs will earry out to the v ' ery ' letter 1 Ev » ry place breated by that proposed reform will be bestowed upon the hangers-on of the Whigs , who will appoint Crown-piid judges , Crown , paid officers , &c , who are to be supported by a tax on tobacco ( used in that Uland ) of Id . per pound , and tta
sugar , " and all other commodities used in that island will , in time , Q omeunderthe same ban , until Jersey and the Channel Islands are overtaxed like England . It is to such a system ' uf reform as this that I am op . posed . But a refoim that vrill do justice to Jersey must emanate from'thiai people for the benifltof the pesple . Ood save the pebple of Jersey from" the reform the Immaculate Whigs would give them 1 Before I conclude , allow me to draw the attention of ' an Old Inhabitant , ' and'T . B . B . 'to the fact , that it is oontomplated by the present goveramentrta the next Design of parliament , to affix the red badge of serfdom upon their press , on ac count , they sny , of the trouble ^ the post-omce officials are put to in sorting ths number of the Jersey oawspap ^ ra that find their way into England . This preteaee is all fudge . The real purpose is to step , if possible , the dls . semination of liberal principles . To the winds , then , with Whig reform . . ; ; I am , Sir , yours obediently , Westminster , T . VI .. U . ¦ September 21 st , 1847 . ,
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RBPORJED MARRU 8 B OF THB DoKB OP WEttlSOTOU with Miss ' BwRPKti Oouks . —A correspondent informs us that the reported marriage * between tha Duke of Wellington and Miss Burdett CoutU is likely to take place within a very short period—that the legal advisers of the ilteatrious Duke and the wealthy heiress have been engaged-for some weeks past in preparing the settlements , bnt owing to a difficulty whioh had suggested itself respecting the descent of the property , some delay had taken place in concluding the preliminary arrangements . The'difficulty which is stated le have arisen , proceeded from the expressed desire of the lady that the greater part of her fortune should b « settled upon the heirs to the title of the Dake of Wellington in perpetuity . This
intention has been objected to by ma Grace , who has most distinctly stated his wish , that in tbe ultimate disposition of the money er any property that may be purchased with it , in case et the death ofthe Marquis of Douro without issue , and the issue of Lord Charles Wellesley becoming extinct , no interest eball be taken by any collateral branch of his family , in . eluding . the heirs of his brother , but tbat his direct heirs only shall inherit or participate in the advantages conferred by the settlement . After much negotiation between the parties , an amicable adjustment of differences has been effected , and that , in the event of the direct line becoming extinct , the property ib eventually to be applied to an objeot intimately connected with the renown of the great warrior . — Sunday Pajper . Two Ebomsh Whalers Dbsiroied in Davis ' Straus btJobbkkos . —We regret to have to announne thealoss of two large vessels employed in the Davis' Straits fisheries / one the Bon Accord , of Hull ,
600 tons burthen , Captaie Lee , and the Alfred , 400 tons , of Bownees , with the most intense sufferings of the crews . From the letters received by the owners , it appears that the vessels were lost within a quarter of a mile of each other , on the same day , the 3 rd of kit July , in 75 N ., being crashed to complete wrecks between icebergs . " It was blowing a com . plete hurricane at the time , with constant snow , and there was not the slightest chance of extricating them , the crew having to make a precipitate retreat over the ice to escape death . The crews , sixty in number , suffered fearfully from the cold . They were driven about , with the ice nearly a month before they were resoued . With tha exception of three seamen they were all saved , and aw at present at Upperno-Tiok , awaiting a vessel to bring them to England . The fisheries in the straits have been exceedingly scanty this season . Neither of the above vessels was insured . A set of splendid trays , made of pofifrviacfta , ' and inlaid with mother-o ' -pearl , has been manufactured > ia'la &doof tor the Pacha of Egypt . ' • :, ., ;
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; L «! * ^ ro IT 9 " ^ 8 following evidence ma . Henry ; ^ lght ; of ^ erseaV engineer ' * labourer-¦• "f ? f Mwatds . . I . ntered in ' April or May , and re-^ ole ; ofJ *• Ume ,- . : I nfTe ^ ° ftldAe machinery , not being sufficiently acquainted with it . I unde > stand the use of the safoty ; valves ; I biiliev ' o there Wero four I ' haye ie ' en the two lever valves work , and hav j ' se ' en them
tied down . ' I ha ¥ e tied them down by Mr Clark ' s orders . This was . done every time the 'boat got under ' weigh ! They were ti » d with a five of seven yarn spun-yarn . A loop was put over the levers ^ ' quite at the ' aitremity , and paseaid over the beaim ¦' then I pull « d the ' ropes ; as tight as I could , and fastened them to nails , nliich were" firmly fiied in the feaatn . When the captain gave orders to ' Stand by , ' I used to make it a rule to tie down tta valviis ; so that no steam could escape . When Clark gave orders to tie down the valve * , he did not tell me the object ; of it , jior do I know . When they were so tied , no steam' escaped from the other ralres , —the screw valves . 1 believe they were screwed down . When I
bad tied the Valves in this way , I always " made a point to let go the'Jerry , ' and stir up the fire ., piark's directions were general ; that I should always doit ; and I thought it as necessary as stirring up the fire . Directly we got alongside the pier ; eacli' end , Clark used to crae and see that I cast off the fastening from the valves . Tb « effect , of tying the valves was that the steam , instead of heing utforty , would be at eighty . I have seen this by the gauge . This happened when we stopped two or tliree minutes atthepier . ' which was geaerully the case . The immediate effect of tying the valves was to caus « the steam torlit gradully ; thepressuregotgreaterevery mora" > t . I noverhad any instruction as to the hiigl . t the gauge ought to go . ' When the valves were tied , I have heard the -steam Waring , sw though trying to
escape ^ When ; , the engine was not moving ,. the gauge would stand firmly at eighty ; . but when the engine started , it would move , up and down , sometimes in a body , sometimes broken . Tils agitation would con lauo till tno pres » ure was reduced by the working of the en . gino , and then it would become steady again at 30 40 , or 50 , according to the pressure .. When the valve ' s were tied down , and the . pressure , was great , water would sometimes get , into thegauge and mix ' with themercury . Onei mornlDg , after I had been in the ' boat about three weeVB , ; on preceding to light ft . fornaceB . Ifbumd tbe water all gone from the botler below the fi « t row of tubes , although I had fll ' ea . accordingjto my regular rule , on the : pre 2 B > ding night . The water had esonpe ' d ^ rougU a splitisone of the tubes , which opined when the boiler
was cold , but was plose when it was hot . Ipumped f > t an hour and a half , and found tbat the water ran out as fast as I pumped it in . I know of nothing to account for this on the previous day , ' beyoud the fact of the valws being tiea and untied as . usual . ' This was on a Sunday morning , dark , whe had acted as engineer , the day before , had gone to Greenwich . 1 went " pa board the Bee , and called Mr Buttress , who came on board tha Cricket ; and looked at the tube . While he was there Clark came , ' and' proposed cau king the tube . Buttress recommended ,. Jt to be repaired by eorewing a bolt to . it" which was done . ; It still leaked , a . little on pumping in the wattr , but afterwards . it jjot ti ght and sound . " On another occasion { about four days or a week . afterj another tube
was . in the same way ; it . was not split , but leaked at the joint which fastened it to tie boiler After I bad pumped an hour Buttress « iame ; on board , and got two hands to help , me to pump . Clark was not there then . This injury was npaired by hammering round the tabe . This was early In the morning , before the steam was got up .. Buttress ssid , if Clark did not come in tan minutes , IwastoraVooutthefu ' rnacis . Clark oame within the time . Ball , who wa « then mate , assisted m « la PumPh » . 8 B he had done on seyeml other occasions . IwastoM by Batwesiaad ether englneera , that if Clark stayed ia the vessel , and continued the practice of tjing up the valves , there would . be an eiplosion before long . This determined me to leave . I iid not tell Clark what bad been said to me . I left the boat Bbout three weeks after
these warnings . I once though t of leporting the eonduct of Clark to MrMeacharn , atMr Joyce ' s ; but I feared I should get ' served out'in the same way asjdwarda . I have seen Mr Smith on boird the Cricket . I have seen him at least twice in the engine room , talking to Clark , when the valves were tied down . . I knew they were tied , for I had done it myBelf . I don't mean that Mr Smith waa present when I tied them . I heard no conversation between Mr Smith and Clark us to the valves . I never spoke to Mr Smith myself . Had any conversation passed H » to the saftty valvtj , I should naturally have listened , lcnO > yjng tliat . ClurU wa » doing ' what na& wrung . This ivas iifte"r-. the other enginoers hud pointed out to me thedmiger oftliij ];; acticc ; but 1 was obliged to con . tinue to ' obey Clark ' s ordtrs , Oi * . I should baYe bseu s ^ ut
outot ' thoer . giue . roorrt . If r ' outit&j to tie the viilves , he would come and do ithjaualf , a » d ask wiij I had not done it ; Sometimes I m : gat forget to ' iv iO -Jle . may have tied them down himself a » 0 or slx'timei i * hfe I was there . I was afraid of an ajploeioii . or I abauld not have left the vessel . Had Mr Smith and Clark conversed about the safety-valves ; I think I should bav « heard it-but the engine was at work . When taevaltes were tied with yarns round the nails , the ends wonW still hang down , about a foot or so ; and this would bo thecase when Mr Smiih was ther ^ He could aot well se » the state of the valves or ropes witboutlookingnear , as it was ratWdark where fterepesweretwistedround , and they were sitting in a light pkc . He might see the loose ends well enough , wlieh hung down in front of the boiler . There was one from each lever , and no other tope . There » a * no pulley over the levers , for the purpose of raising them by means of the ropefl . After the conversation
between Mr Smith and Clark , nothing occurred as tothe valves ' . I never heard Clark ' say anything to any one about th » levers . I have known him take . the boat away , mora tbat ence , without any water in the bottom cock . Thatis very dasgerouB . It was my duty to asebrtain it . This has happened several tim . « " , Wh « B I have told him , he has tried the water himself , and has stUl taken the boat away . The steam-? un ? P was on , and , had he waited , the boiler would loon have been full . Ho said he . wanted ' to get the boat away , to get the , other pumps into aotion , meaning the punps attaohed to the engine , which work with the motion of the engine . ' When we got to thepier at the other end , the water was , perhaps ; np higher , The other engiimrs always stopped to get the water up . On Sundays , thwe have been a great many persons drinking In the engine room , and strangers used to come to prastics the engine . They , have soon me tie the valves . A person named Wraa has seen it .
Mr Gattheb Bocclua , Joh . n-stre « t , AdelpW , mechinl § t « I have frequently been on board the Cricket . The day before She explosion ' . ' I determined never to go by her again . On that day thei ehgin « w » oora wat completeW nll « d with steam , which had to be shut off , and tha ' hoat was brought to a staa'd-ttUI .. " .. Ikapw nothing oitthe cause . I » HdnoigoinlotBe ' ngkj » . ioMn to make inquiry , lest I should excite alarm among the passengers . There waa ho explosion , but tha machinery suddenly stopped . It was about twtWe o ' clock , seav to Waterloo bridge . After the steam was discharged from th « funnel the boat went on ; the delay did not exceed baH a minute , < By the Jury : The boat was rather long at th « pfer bsfore Btartiog . There were' 250 or 300 persons on board . I did not notloe whether the steam then bloweff .
John Alfred Skinner , of Union-terrace , Deptford , engiae-drlver : I have been employed In both the Ant and Cricket , as eBgiaeer . I was last on beard the Cricket , as engineer , on a Saturday , when Mr Meacham was examia * ing the booti . It Was on tbe same day aa the converst * tlonattheFox wbioh Buttress has spoken to . I then saw , what was very unusnul , two pieces of spun-yarn attached to tbe levers ; ana as the boat wasin theattof starting , Edwards , then stoker , was proceeding to tio down one of them . I told him not to touch that but leave it alone to me ; I then observed that tha otW nu
fastened down , and I loosed it immediately . Edwards said he had orders from Clark to tie down thevnlvea every time he letl thep i *^ and heaads a practico of do . Ing so . He said If he US not do it Clark did it himself . I . sald I would not have it done while I was in tbe boat ! He said : 'I wish you were goiagto stop here altogether , for I expect that some day we shall forget tbem , ^ nd wo ahall all go up together . ' He said that on many ooeasions he had undone the valves in the absence of Clark , who had afterwards rebuked him , and tied them up again . The beat has been left several timeB , for days together , to a man who bad aot betn six months at tna
stoking . I had a quarrel with Clark on the night of tha conversation at the Fox , and I struofa him , Idavesaj half a dosen ttmei . It bad nothing to do W Ith tttt tjing 6 f tt >» valves , bnt related to tho boiler . I did not feave tlllsevwal months after . Mr Ifeacbam used to Inspect toe engines occasionally , but I think not regularlymore so last year than the pr . sent . He has couk . down Into theenglne-room , where I was . 1 oanuot gir « the date when I told Mr Poletti of the valve , being « , d I S * - !?™"?* *^ . " on 8 l ° « hadmenttoneditto bMn
jKSftJt ? . a ¦ -u " ^* « -r * m S 2 ^» u Kan ' 8 tatem 8 nt . « »>« w »« d »» charged ; and that was tho reason wb , I said nothing . 1 wm dls 5 f . K ^ d 0 M - t «« « - > I was five years In her M . jeBty ' g service , and have driven the engines of Tarious manufacturers . From what 1 saw of Mr Joy « 'a engines , I think they would nave worked well ; I saw """¦ JBt * daunt me . The quarrel with Stark ended « i » U the blows I hav « spoktn of . It pMty arose through the affair of the valves beto » mentioned to Clark . He abused and svore at me In the proe « nM of about twenty
gentleman . The Inquiry was then adjourned tin ten o ' eto ' ek oa Wednesday . At the adjourned examination , Mr Thomas Lloyd was examined : I am oblef eng ineer and inspector of machinery in tbo navy . I bav * examined the maeblnery of the Crickets team-boat . I first examined it on tho second Monday after ttw accident , I have ban a few drawings prepared as illustratlens , ( Thaw Mr Lloyd laid before the jury . ) With regard to the engine * them * selves , I do not think many observations necessBry . They are high-pressure engines , on the principle well known as Wolfe ' s . The raateilalg and workmanship . * - > were good . I think if all the valves bad aUbeevpvai ^ N ; - perly in operation , tbe steam could sot have awunffia < ed ^ rJ » l ta tha boUev to any dangeroaa ' extent- th&iis , to ^* W | s £ j . ¦ : ^;^^; f :: v :. tt-ilsl
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10 SBIISBOB O ? THE TBSXBOX SUE . ' giB ,-Tte leading fallicy of lejisUton , p * rticnj ^ iy thoseofour own country , has been to consider flu wantsTof tne £ ffaeatcla » Bunrler thargovera-^ B en ^ only in reffflttce to ther portion inwhicS jbey have found them ; without considering that nunkind ire b y nature on an equality , and that the jotyof a govexnment is to render every subject hippy ; that taws should not be levied which eould « ieck the industry ofthe poorest , nor lure be pused chich should offer , directly or indirectly , a premium oo crime . -
lie great truth , that' all men are brethren / has aot yet beea learned b y either our law-makers , or our political economists ; and , as a necessary con . sequence , laws have been made , and rules for social guidance , laid down—wherein the producer and the consumer have been divided—and it has been as * sumedthat the one must be benefitted at the expense ofthe other . - Although , the manufacturer has beea protected , the people be employed have been deduced to the brink of starvation , and plunged into crime ; and the labourer toiling for his landlord has shared the samefate , because the protection afforded tas been clan protection . Society is disorganised wealth is amassed ' by a few , and the ¦ many cannot obtain daily bread , even by incessant daily labour .
All this ansesfrom the primary error of considering , as separate and opposing interests , those , in fact , which are but one and indivisible . < A State , like a human body , has , indeed , many members ? but as we cannot injure hand or foot , eye or tooth , without every part ofthe man being sensible ¦ of pam—even so , cannot we degrade or neglect one Ofder of societ y , without every other order feeling the consecfueuce of the folly .
. Man , then ^ is the same being iu all grades of society ; the peasant and the peer hare similar bodies to be fed and clothed , and souls originally alikecapable . of the same affections , yearning after tbe Same aspirations , invested with tbe same immortality . Is , then , the one man , because he happens to be the son of a dulte , to live on the labour of Others , and revel in the indulgence of social affections and arbitrary power , and the other , because the offspring of a cotter , to have his fife made bitter w itb . hard bondage—to be the slave of toil in manhood , and a pauper in old a ^ e—to have no time to improve his mind , or cultivate the affections of bis soul ?
This order of things must be admitted to be most unnatural ; but it is one which exists in England at the present day ; and , as it is the result of false policy and class legislation , it is to be hoped the day is is at hand when a clearer light will be thrown on the subject , and men will no longer be able to plead i gnorance of truth in theory , as an excuse for error in practice . I have said that- men were born alike—alike in
feelings , desires , and capacity . If this truth be impressed on our political economists , they will make some discoveries , which , for practical utility , will exceed all tbat our greatest philosophers have achieved . Each man who comes into the world has duties to fulfil towards society and towards himself ; and to enable him to perform these duties veil , certain instincts and principles are implanted in his nature , which , properly bounded and properly gratified , make him good and happy .
Perhaps the instinct which is earliest developed in the child ( the future man t ) is a profound veneration for the little word my . The infant distinguishes its own toy from all around it ; the kite and the knife of the boy are , in his estimation , infinitely superior to all others ; the sweetheart of the youth is , in his eyes , the loveliest of her sex ; and the children of the man are notoriously more intelligent , more charming , more amiable than any others in existence .
But man is not content with bis possession ; he is ever striving to give it new charms—to make it that which his fancy and his heart paint it ; possession endears it , and he tares the toil which enables him to make it a greater source of pride and happiness . To attain an object which be sighs to call his own , all labour is delightful , all privation is endurable ; hops points out the road ta success , and lightens the path , to its attainment .
Now , the scheme of the N ational Land Company derives , to my mind , its chief charm , and to present the greatest assurance of success , from the direct manner in which it addresses itself to this leading princi ple in num s mind—a principle obvious enough jn all the higher classes , but which our Leg islature , cur poor laws , our iniquitous oppressions , have done their best to exterminate in the heart of the poor .
But they have not exterminated it J It is one of those eternal and heaven-born principles which may by adverse circumstances become concealed , but which can necer be destroyed ; give it but a glimmering of . Hope , and the instinct becomes forcible and animating as ever . Thanks to the National Land Company , thanks to its daring originator , tins jewel -of Hope U no longer excluded from the poor man ; tie peasant will now begin to fed tbat he may look forward to the day when he will be able to live on ilis otcnland , in his out * cottage , surrounded by a prosperous family , whom bis labour and their
lig hter toil ^ H suffice to surround with tbe decent <« omfortsoflife . He tiffl go ox * m the morning to bis daily toil with a lig ht heart , for he will hare discovered that * in all labour there is profit f and in the intervals devoted to r efreshment , in the evenings and in days of recreation , he will be able to cultivate his own heart , and the hearts and minds of his family , by kindly intercourse . The laugh will H 9 longer be banished from the voices of his chil dren , for their young hearts will no longer be Crushed by want ; their parents wOl love them better than ever , and will invoke a blessing on them
every time their eyes rest on tbe merry countenances of the little ones , for they will no longer be agonised by the cry for bread ; that heart-withering cry which now i ey cannot answer . Let us think of the picture our peasantry might present , and let us g lance on tbe one which now offers itself to our eyes , and we shall no longer doubt of the alteration that would take place under a different legislation .
Now , the joor man s hut is the abode of misery and famine . Too happy if he obtain permission to toil , for scanty wages , for another , he feels no € nergyf > / br he hta no hope ; hislabour produces not prtfiii it only permits bare existence ! He has no p leasure in his work , for it will not bring enough of bread for bis starving famil y ; he has no joy in his children , for bt dreads seeing their famine-stricken ftces ; he has no leisure to cultivate his mind , no periods for lelaxatien , no power for improving himself or of aiding his fellow-men . His existence is analogous onl y to to that of the brute creation , since be is denied the opportunity of exercising the functions of the nut which alone distinguish him from < hem . ........
That this picture is accurate , and that the othei might become a leality , none will dare to deny . la the present state of afi&irs , it cannot best , for the land does not produce food for the people who five an it ; but it is well known that it mig ht be made Sreatly more productive than it is j that if advantage were taken of that inherent veneration for our * wn property which is implanted in the hearts of mankind , and all bad a direct interest in the
cultivation of th « sofl , the result would be far different . , I find I must defer the scrutiny I had proposed to myself of the prospects of the members of the National Land Company , until next week , when I shall , with your permission , comment or / the probable effects of Us general adoption , both on those who embrace its advantages , and on the rest of tbe community . . I am , Sir , Faithfully yours , Phoodemos *
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Untitled Article
September 25 , 1847 . ¦ . ' : " ¦ .: ' . V ' : ' " \ '^ - ' ¦ : . ¦ ¦¦' ; ¦ ' ; . ''' ¦ ' . ' l / ' ; ¦ . ¦ '¦¦ : '' ^^ :- ' ; ? - ] : -: : x - '" [ ^^ - ^ : ' -: ^ :: , THE NORTHERN STAR
""Tjs Kyils 6? L&Nd Monopoly.
" "TJS KYILS 6 ? L&ND MONOPOLY .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 25, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1437/page/7/
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