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THE NORTHERN STAR, SATURDAY, APRIL 29, 1848.
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Just Published, Price Threepence, tie BTtACK BOOK Of tHe 1'biiish abistocbaot , contumBg. Ax Exposdee of-the . Moat Monstrous AbUEes id Chdsch and State. . . .
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
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coktexts . „ - ,. The Aristocratic Sjstem , and te ? ToTkuig . _ . The narrow limits and inequalities of the Bepretenta-Recast of BoyaHy-The Queen , Prince Albert , and the Royal Bnfces and Princesses ; Rojal Palaces , Stables , Psrks , < &c ; Royal Pensioners ; Koyal Household Expenses ; Crown Rerenues ; the Crown , &c ; The Salaries of the British Executive— Salaries of the Ministry and their Secretaries , contrasted with those of the United States . _ . , Salaries of Stats Pensions above ^ 1 , 000 ajear-Total cost of Civil Government . Annnaloostof Justice in England , Ireland , and boot land—Law Pensioners above £ 1 , 000 a year—Law Jobs and SiBecnree . Diplomatic Expenditure—Cost of titled Ambassadors to Foreign Courts—Titled Diplomatic Peasioners . The Black list of Pensioners for Civil ' Serricss ' - a
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XOW PUBLISHING . THE POLITICAL WORKS O ? THOMAS PAINE Complete ia one thick volume , price 5 s ., in which will be feund several pieces ne « er before published in England ; and an appeEdix , containing the Trial of Thomas Paine , with a portrait of the autnor . Just Published , in Penny numbers and Fourpenhy parts . TOLTAISE'S PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY . May bft had . complete , in two volumes , handsomely bonnd , 12 s . The first volume has a medallion likeness of the author , and the second , a full length portrait , as Se appeared in his 70 th year . To the first volume is prefixed a copious Memoir of his Life and Writings . Every care has teen taken to keep the text correct , so that it may remain a lasting monument ofthegfnius and indo mitable perseverance of the author in enlightening and liberating his fellow creatures . The two volumes contain 1 , 275 pages , elearly printed , crown 8 vo . VOLTAIRE'S ROMANCE ANB TALES , in one vol . price 3 s , 6 d ,
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A MAGAZINE FOR ALL . THB FAMILY ECONOMIST ; a Penny Monthly Magazine , devoted to the Moral , Physical , and Domestic Improvement of the Industrious Classes . This publication treats of Income and Expenditure , — Fooi and Cooking , —Clothes and Clothing-Houses , and the wav to make them Camfortable and Happy HoraM , — Education , —Health and Sickness , and Sanitory Reform , —Masters and Servants , —The Cotta ' geviarden ana Farm , &c , £ a These subjects are treated ia a lively and in teresting style , interspersed with Dialogues , Anecdotes , and Instructive and Moral Tales . Each number contains a variety of valuable household receipts . Published on the 1 st of « ac& . mouth * Tae . FimLt EcosoKUTkas attained a circulation of upwards of 5 u , O 0 O since its commencement in Januarv last . PRICE , A PENNY A MONTH , A SHILLING A YEAR . ® = All who are interested in the welfare of the Working Clas-ss are invited to praenre a copy ot this work , and if they approve , to promote its circulation . London : Published by Groombriige and Sons , Pater , noster-row , and sold by all Booksellers .
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'Aristocracy ' , tiie Root of one National Evils . ' Second Edition , 3 S 6 closely printed Pages , Five Shillings . Bound in Cloth . THE ARISTOCRACY of EXGLAND ; a HISTORY for the PEOPLE . Bt John Hahpden , Jon . ' The Epoch when Aristocracies fall , is that in which Natlons regenerate themselves ; the sap of the People is here . ' —LiHASTisE . Emsgbam Wilson , Publisher , l ! , Royal Exchange .
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JUST PUBLISHED , TJ EVOLUTION IN PARIS . A narrative of the recent JX Revolution in France , containing a full account of te Causes , Incidents , and Effects , together with tbe Abdication of Louis Philivpe , the fall ot Gnizot , and the triumph of the Popular Cause . —By a BAsrasTEa .-Price Sixpence . Nobteeen Stak Office , Is , Great Windmilietreeti London ; Watson , Patern < ster-row ; Cleave , Shoelane ; Berger , Holywell-street ; Manchester , Abel , Heywood ; and all booksellers in To--n and Country , to whom all orders should be immediately sent .
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TO TAIL 0 R 3 . By approbation ef Her Majesty Queen Victoria , and B . B . H . Prince Albert . NOW READY , TEE LONDON AND PARIS SPRING AND SUMMER FASHIONS for 3848 , bv Messrs BENJAMIN READ aad Co ., 12 , Earfc-street , Bloomsbury-s ^ uare , near Oxfordstreet , London ; and by G . Beb < seb , Hoiywell-steeet , Strand ; and all Booksellers , an exquisitely execsted and superbly coloured PRINT . The elegance ef this Print excels any bsforepnhlished , accompanied with the Newest Style , and extra-fitting Frock , Riding Dress , and Hunting-Coat Patterns ; the most fashionable dres B Waistcoat Pattern , and an extra-fitting Habit Pattern of" he neweit and most elegant style of fashion . Every particular part explained ; method of increasing and diminishing the whole for any size fiilly illustrated , manner of Cutting and Making up , and all other information respecting Style and Fashion . Price 10 s . postfree 11 s . READ and Co . ' s new scientific system of Cutting for 1 S 48 is ready , and will supersede everything of the kind heretofore conceived . All tne Plates are numbered and letters : ! , and oa the Eeals of EJEiiteen Incises ; "Whole sue , never before attempted , eoritainiiig twenty-three square feet : particulars , po&tfree . Patent Measures , with full explanation , 8 s . the set . New Patent Indicator , for ascertaining proportion and disproportion , illustrated with Diagrams , price 7 s . Patterns to Measure ( all registered according to Act of Parliament ) , post free , Is . each . The whole sold by Re&d and Co ., 12 , Hart-street , Bloorosbury-sguare , London ; and all Booksellers . Post-office orders , and Post Stamps , taken as Cash . Eabits performed for the Trade . Busts for fitting Coats on ; Boys ' figures . Foremen provided . — Instructions in cutting complete , for all lands of Style and Fashion , which can be accomplished in an inereiiiMv short time .
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PORTRAIT OF FEARGUS O'CONNOR , Esq ., M . P ., T MARTIF informs his friends and the Chartist body - generally , that he has reduced the price of his lithographic full-length portrait of their Illustrious Chief to tie following price : —Prints , Is ; coloured ditto , 2 s . 60 . Also , a beautiful lithographic portrait of W . Dixon , late of Manchester , now one of . the Directors , by T . Martin . Price—plaiii , Is ., coloured , 2 s . PEOPLE'S EDITION . To be had at the Noetheex Stxk oftiee , 16 , Great Wiiidmill-street , Haymarket ; at the OSee of the National land Company , 144 , High Ho ' . born ; Sweet , Goose Gate Bottingham ; Hejwood , Manchester , and all Doetaellers n the United Junedom .
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COLLTVEB'S COMMERCIAL COFFEE AND CHOP HOUSE AND READING ROOMS , 2661 , STRAND , L&SD 0 N . J COLL 1 VER returns his sincere thanks to his . Friends and the Public at large , for the support lie has received » t their hands during the last ten years , and hopes , by strict attention and civility , to merit a continuance of their patronage . J . C . also begs to state , that having lately made extensive alterations and improvements in his premises , he is now enabled to afford additional coavenience without extra charge . A Commercial Coffee-room upstairs , with every facility for Travellers and Visitors from the country . The Honse is situated in the very heart of the Metropolis in the centre of the Theatres , near the National T and ' Office and Public Buildings . Omnibuses pass to ind from all the Railway Stations , to meet the Trains , ^ l ^ f ^ to ^ s Sd . per nirfrf . All other charges OS " moderate NO FEES TO SERVANTS-
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• EMPLOYMENT OF CAPITAL . m LONDON GESUfNE TEA COMPANY con-?^ S& tfS !! k 3 S ? JiB S « " £ C **« 1 cm . dfcr . bl . taonts , 3 && SSS ® gS&S 8 PS 2 , Lawrence Pountney-hill , London .
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THE LAND . fpo BE SOLD , the Bight of Location tn a . Four Acre ¦* . Allotment , situated at Snig » s End , ready for imme-? liV ? l ° c * eon . Apply by letter , post paid , stating terms , SlS'fj . J ° ? a , No . H , John-street , Cannon-street-road , St George ' s-m-the ^ ast , Lonaon #
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WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE . WAKEFIELD ADJOURNED 8 ESSION 8 . NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN , That tbe Spring General Quarter Sessions of the Peace , for the West Biding ot the County of Yorir ,-will beheld by adjournment in the Committee-Room , at tbe house of Correction , at Wakefieid , on Thursday , the eleventh day of May next , at twelve o ' clock at noon , fo * thepurpose of inspecting the Riding Prison , ( the said Houbb of Correction ) and for examining the acconnts of the keeper of the said House of Correction , makingenquiry into the conduct of the officers and servants belonging to the same ; and also into the behaviour of the prisoners , and their earnings . C . H . BLSI / EY , Clerk of the Peace . Clerk of the Peace ' s Office , WakefieW , 2 fith April , 1818 .
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NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . A TWO ACRE ALLOTMENT for Sale , situated either on the Mathon Estate or on New Estate , near Bromsgrove , Worcestershire , Apply , if by letter , poBt paid , to A . B ., 63 , Aldenham-street , St Pancraa-road , London ,
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On the 1 st of Haj will be published , PBICB BIXPEHCB . NO . XVII . OF " THE LABOURER , " ooNTEitre , 1 . Tha Song of the Gaggers . by Ernest Jones , 2 . Tbe Romance of a People , 3 . Pride and Prejudice , 4 . Reform and Reformers . 5 . Self-Reliance . And several other interesting Articles . Letters ( pre-paid ) to be addressed to tbe Editors , 16 , Great Windmill Street , Haymarket , London . Orders received by all agents for the "Northern Star " and all booksellers ia town and country .
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Now Ready , a New Edition of MR . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS . To be had at the Northern Star Offics , 16 , Great Windmill Street ; and of Abel Heywood , Manohester .
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JUST PUBLISHED , Price Threepence . ( Forming 32 large 8 vo . pages , ) A VERBATIM REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONVENTION , Including full particulars of the Meeting at Kenniagton Common , and the pioceedings of the People and the Government on this momentous subject . Northern Star Office , Great "Windmill-street , J . Watson , Paternoster row , London ; Abel Heywood , Manchester ; and all Booksellers in Town and Country .
The Northern Star, Saturday, April 29, 1848.
THE NORTHERN STAR , SATURDAY , APRIL 29 , 1848 .
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A ROWLAND FOR AN OLIVER . A curious sample of the consistency and truthfulness of the Whig Ministry has just been exhibited , by the publication of a recent diplomatic correspondence between the Cabinets of St James and Madrid . In Parliament , all the Ministers who have had or made occasion to speak on the subject , have most vehemently protested that the policy of non-intervention in the internal affairs of other Nations , was not only the true policy for this Country , but would be most religiously observed by them . Lord Palmerston ' s itch for meddling was not , however , to be restrained , and accordingly he sent Mr Bulvrer , our Ambassador at Madrid , a Letter , which the 'Ernes itself styles "dictatorial / ' " discreditable to himself . fto the English Ministry * [ and to the nation . " The letter is a curiosity in its way , and by no means lengthy , so we shall make room for it entire : —
TO THK BIGHT HON . HBNBT LTTTON BtJLWEB , Foreign-office , March 16 , 1848 . —Sir , I have to recommend you to advise the Spanish government to adopt a legal and censtitutional sygtem . The recent downfall of the King of the French and of his family , and the expulsion of his ministers , ought to indicate to the Spanish court and government the danger to which they expose themselves in endeaviuring to govern a country in a manner opposed to the sentiments and opinions of the nation ; and the catastrophe which has just occurred in France is sufficieut to show that even a numerous and well-disciplined army offers only an insufficient defence to the crown , when the system followed -by it is not in harmony with the general system of the country . The Queen of Spain would act wisely in the present critical state of affairs , if she were tostrengthenher executive government , bywideningthe basis on which the administration reposes , and in calling to her eoitne&s same of the men in whom ( he liberal party place conjidtnce . —l have , &c , Palmebston . :
There is a passage in Scripture about taking the beam out of our own eye before attempting the mote in our brother ' s , which is extremely applicable to the whole of thisextraordinary dispatch , but especially to those parts of it we have marked in italics . The advice , no doubt , is remarkably good , but the astonishment is that it should come from such a quarter . We are involuntarily reminded of the old proverb , of Satan reproving sin . Mr Bulwer , obedient to the orders of his
chief , transmitted , the precious document to the Duke of Sotomayor , Spanish Minister of Foreign Affairs , accompanied by a note from himself , which endeavoured to make out a colourable ground for the interference , a matter which our Foreign Minister was teo haughty to trouble himself-about . The result was , that Sotomayor returned the impertinent dispatches , as insulting to an independent Government , and ordered the Spanish Minister in London to demand thb recal" of Mr Bulwer . If that were all we should not have
encumbered our columns with the squabble , but the Spanish Minister gave Palmerstori " A Rowland for his Oliver , " so pointed , so pithy , and so appropriate , that we must extract a few passages . After asserting , in a very proper style , the right of the people of Spain to manage their own affairs , unmolested by the interference of Lord Palmerston , the Du ke of Sotomayor , in return , deals the following home thrusts : — What would Lord Palmerston , what would your excel , lency yourself say , if the Spanish government were to interfere andpass an opinion on ihe administrative acts of the BritUb cabinet , and recommend a modification in the regime of the state , or if it were to advise it to adopt more ememious or more liberal measures toaUesiate the frightful
condition ' ofIreland ? JWhat would he say if therepresentative of her Cathelic Msjestyln Loi . don , were to qualify so harshly as yourexcellency has done , the exceptional measures of repression which the English government prepares against the aggression which threatens it , in the midst of its own states / 2 What wouldTiefcay if thelSpanishfgovernment were to demaa < 5 , in tbe name of humanity , more consideration and more justice on behalf of the unfortunate people of Asia ? What , in fine , would he say if we were to remind him that the late events on the continent gave a , salutary lesson to all governments , without excepting Gbeat Britain , and that consequently the administration of the state should be given up to the illustrious Peel ; to too skilful man who , after having conciliated the general opinion of his country , has known how to merit the sympathies and the esteem of all the governments of Europe" ?
All this is admirable . The allusion to the state of Ireland ; to the almost universal discontent at home ; the repressive measures adopted by the Whigs to put down that discontent ; and , above all , the hint that the wretched bunglers who have brought matters to this state , should give up office" to the illustrious Peel ; " must have been gall and wormwood to the imbeciles who now encumber the Treasury benches . " People who ride in glass coaches should never throw stones , " and
it will be quite time enough for our Foreign Minister and his colleagues to set about instituting a "Constitutional system" in Spain , when they have fulfilled all their own duties at home . Looking at the magnitude of the questions demanding settlement , and the snail ' s pace of Whig Legislation , we may be pardoned for expressing ourselves somewhat sceptical as to the time ever arriving when they will have that justification to plead for meddling with their neighbours . & .
In the meantime , Lord Palmerston ' s !; impertinence has got what it richl y deserved , a very smart rap over the knuckles ; and his colleagues have been told some plain truths , which it is desirable they should hear from other quarters than the National Convention or Kennington Common . If they are so blinded to the real state of affairs at home , that they ^ cannot appreciate the nature of the crisis for ' which they have to legislate ,, it is
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well that the , people of England should'know that the eyes of :, oiher nations ate . o ' p ' enltQ ihe struggle for Constitutional freedom now going on in these islands , and tliat they understand its objects arid tendencies , . Lord Palmerston is . a supple flunkey to the powerful States , an insolent bully to the weak ones . The Morning Chronicle , commenting upon this matter , candidly admits : — " He is as much detested as Lova Chatham ever was ... _ u a ... « „„»„ „< p , ,.,.,
in the Courts of Europe , and he is not loved in the Councils of either America . " The opinion of the Times we have already quoted . It rejoices that his attempt at dictatorshi p met with the rebuff it so richly deserved . Yet these journals were loud in his praise a few months since , and equally vehement ) in their condemnation of Julian . Harney , for having overhauled the whole of his foreign policy at Tiverton . Why is this ? Are the rats deserting a ship-about to sink ? . - ***
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PAST AND PRESENT . Eighteen years ago , the whole nation was stirred from centre to circumference by the agitation for the Reform Bill , That , agitation , which closely bordered upon the revolutionary , both in its language and its tactics , was participated in by all classes in " : [ the country . At the commencement of the struggle , a large section of the landed aristocracy favoured the movement . The Eldon-Wellington party
had been broken up by the concession of Catholic Emancipation , and some of the Peers opposed to that concession , were the first to raise the cry that the constitution must be altered . The old Whig aristocracy were bound by their traditionary policy * to appear , at all events , to go with'the Progressive party , and the Canning party , which had at that time fallen into the Whig ranks , had no alternative but to march with them . The Duke of
Wellington ' s declaration against all Reform , cut off , for the . time being the chances of retreat , and forced the so-called Liberal section of the aristocracy into the " open and advised'' advocacy of what was then considered , a large measure of Parliamentary Reform . The middle classes , stimulated by the prospect of obtaining theJElective Franchise , strained , their utmost energies to secure the passing of the Bill , The working classes , as a bodyj were induced to give their aid to the movement in consequence of the implied , if not direct understanding , with the aristocracy and middle classes , that the measure to be-wrung , from the boroughmoneers by their united efforts ,
would be merely the stepping stone to the attainment of a larger and more comprehensive measure . of Political Reform . Under this impression , the writer acted with tens of thousands of working men in Edinburgh at that memorable period , when black flag processions , and banners with royal portraits reversed , and inscribed with mottoes which in these days wonld be called seditious , if not treasonable , were common occurrences ; and noble lords , honourable and right honourable baronets , and "learned gentlemen , " stood , side by side on the ' same hustings with working men , and pitched their tune to the same key . . . ¦
After a tremendous struggle the victory was achieved . " The Bill—the whole Bill , " was won , and the shout of a universal jubilee , cele brated with a pomp and pageantry rarely witnessed in this country , went up to heaven . The working classes knew they had done their part worthily . Had there been any doubt of that fact , it would have been set at rest by the glowing eulogiums upon their worth , their bravery , their patriotism , and their power , which were copiously showered upon them by
their titled and wealthyjco-agitators . jlliey naturally , therefore , looked for the " good government , '' and the political ameliorations which they had been aught to expect as the result of their exertions . They saw the party with and for whom they had fought , seatedjjiri power by an overwhelming parliamentary majority . Public opinion , still fresh and vigorous , pointed to farther Reforms , and a full Exchequer gave ample means and leisure to the Reform Administration to devise measures
to give effect to the popular will . What was the result ? The working classes speedily discovered that they had been duped , and that the last words of their late rallying cry—" The bill , the whole bill , and nothing but the bill , " were to be translated , as far as regarded them , in a very different way to . what they imagined . For them there was to be '' nothing but the bill , " whatever benefit it might confer upon those whom it had either lifted into place and power , or given the direct possession of the Elective Franchise . Deceived and betrayed , they grew disgusted
with politics , and betook themselves to Trades Unions . One of the most formidable and simultaneous organisations of the trades that ever took place in this country , followed closely on the heels ofthegreat political change which had so completel y disappointed and disgusted them . Fresh from the Normal schools of agitation in which they had studied underaristocratic and middle class professors , they threw their whole souls into the agitation , never calculating that , their late colleagues would have the hardihood to prosecute them for practising what they had been so well taught . Again they were deceived . The Reform Ministry neither meant to give the working classes " good
government , " nor to permit them to create such a movement as would compel its concession , They therefore created a Whig judge , and raked up a law , which was not only obsolete , but also inapplicable to the case ; but which this Whig judge , aided by a middle class jury , strained beyond its legitimate intent and meaning , and'transported the Dorchester Labourers , in 1834 , as a warning to all other Trades Unionists . We need only allude to the recall of these ill-used men by the same Ministry , as a proof of the illegality and the iniquity of that sentence , and also of the power of the people , when cordially united , to enforce obedience to their reasonable demands .
One thing , however , followed the transportation of the Dorchester Unionists ; the working classes were again thrown back upon the conviction , that until they gained the franchise , there was no security'fdr either their lives or property . Local Radical Associations were therefore very generally formed throughout the country , the objects of which were identical with those now advocated by the Chartists . These bodies were , however , isolated . There
was no centralisation of power—no acting in concert with other bodies holding the same views ; and it wa 3 reserved for Mr O'Connor , in 1835 , to fuse them into one large association ^ animated by one spirit , pressing forward for one objected , and sustained b y that esprit de corps , which is the inevitable consequence of acting in large masses . The only element necessary to give efficiency and consistency to this movement , Mr O'Connor shortly after added , namely—a journal , in which the people could speak to each other and to their leaders , and their leaders to them .
i £ , We shall not fartherfpursue these historical reminiscences , The few memoranda , thus briefly strung together , throw all the light upon our present position that is necessary for the purpose we have in view in this article , They show clearly enough that the party > at present in power climbed into office on the shoulders of the people , under the pretence that , once there , they would make that power conducive to the promotion of the interests of the people . How they have fulfilled that promise all the world knows .
Not only have they steadily resisted every proposition which involved an organic change in the political machinery of the state at all favourable to the masses , but they have also obstinately refused to amead those clause of the Reform Act which were forced upon them by the opponents of that measure , with the avowed intention of neutralising Jjts popular tendencies , and maintaining the sway of the territorial aristocracy . The Ballot , for instance , was alljbut adopted as one , of the prin-
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ciples Jo be incorporated in the Reform Act . The authors of that Act have /> ver since its passing , given a determined , , opposition , to every motion in its favour . , -i'B . ut that is a trifle , compared with the determined manner in whicfrthey ¦ insist upon maintaining the Chandos clause , which virtually hands over the county representation to a few _ wealthy landlords ; and the rating : clauses , which in towns , through the instrumentality , of Registration Courts , disfranchise perhaps one-third -. 'i ,.,. i- rw « - f ; . V » . nnf- > fPfl in thft Reform Act .
or one-half of those upon whom ihe Heiorm Act professedly bestows the right of voting . In short , Lord John and his party have set up the standard of Finality ; and though they may occasionally , under compulsion of an extraordinary' kind , profess their readiness to discuss the questions at issue between them and the mass of the people , it is with no intention of conceding the points at dispute , but merely to try whether the old game of buttering parsnips with fine words is altogether played out or not .
Such are the political results of the great memorable agitation of 1830 , and the
elevation to power of a professedly Liberal party . At the present moment the whole electoral system is more rotten and anti-popular than it was under the old boroughmongering system . The number of members who have been unseated for bribery and corruption , his session is , we believe , without a precedent in the annals of Parliamentary debasement , and the House of Commons has less sympathy " with the people than almost .. any House that ever preceded it . Nor is it to be wondered at , when the nature of the Constituencies created by the celebrated Reform Act are closelv examined . In the
first place , the whole adult population of the country may be taken at six millions , of whom not more than 750 , 000 are entitled to a Vote under that Act- Making allowances of various kinds for those who do not vote , the total effective Constituency of the country is not more than 600 , 000 , or 100 , 000 Voters for every million of adult males—just one tenth of the adult male population ! But as if this was not a sufficiently gross caricature of a representative system , professedly based upon the principle that Taxation and -Representation shall be coequal , the
manner in which the Members are apportioned to thb Voters increases the anomaly , and renders it utterly impossible that there can be a fair representation , even of the existing constituency . Thirty-six Boroughs , with a population of 169 , 908 , of whom ^ 291 are Electors , return thirty-eight Members . ' Thirty-two Boroughs , with a population of 210 , 512 , Electors 11 , 767 , return forty-three Members ; and eighteen , with a . population of 154 , 515 , and 8 , 047 Electors , return twenty-four Members , Here , i then , we find a population of 534 , 935 , with a total constituency of ' 27 , 105 ,
returning 135 Members , or more than one fifth of the entire House of Commons ; while London , with a population of two millions , and a larger constituency , has only eight Members . Manchester , with its population of nearly half a million , has only two Members . ' Glasgow , Leeds , Birmingham , and other large centres of wealth , industry , and population , are in like manner swamped and neutralised by these small Boroughs—the sinks of corruptionwherein rich [ scoundrels find needy knaves , dishonest enough to sell t the interests of the country for a mess of pottage . The County Representation is equally opposed to reason and justice . In Sutherland there is a
population of 24 * 782 , and 170 Electors / who return one Member . Buteshire , with a populatioa of 15 , 740 , and 420 Electors , returns one also . Thus these two counties , with a population of 40 , 522 , and a constituency of only 590 , neutralise the West Riding of Yorkshire , with several thousands of industrious people , and a constituency of 36 , 000 , nearly equal to the whole population of Sutherland and Bute ! Lancashire has a population of 1 , 667 , 000 , and returns twenty-six members ; while Wiltshire has a population of only 258 , 000 , and returns twenty Members . That is , about one-seventh of the number in the latter county , returns the same number of Members as the whole county o . Lancaster . These monstrous anomalies
and , inequalities are not pointed out on account of any fondness for abstract principles , or finespun constitutional theories , but because the Legislature , which is the product of the system , is found by long and sorrowful experience to be altogether , inimical to the best interests of the country . The people who do the work and bear the burdens of the nation , feel that they are defrauded of the fruits of their labour
by some mysterious machinery , which forces them constantly to struggle with poverty and hardship , while the idle classes revel in luxury . The natural instincts of humanity , the dictates of reason , and the first principles of revealed religion , all condemn so iniquitous a state of things as this ; and it is in vain to hope for peace , or contentment in society , until it is manfully , frankly , and radically amended .
Look at England in its social aspect 1 Compared with the extent of its surface , and the number of its population , it is the richest country in the world . Its industrious classes are the most orderly , the most willing labourers , and the most productive to be found in any nation . Their own skill , and that of those who direct their labours is unrivalled , and they have tojaidjthem in the creation of wealth , an amount of mechanical appliances almost incalculable . Yet , with all these means of producing general prosperity and contentment , such is the ignorance of our rulers , the selfishthe
ness of classes ^ arid insane misdirection of these , mighty resources , under this mingled ignorance arid selfishness , that our working population as a whole is in- many respects the worst off in the civilised world . In no other , country do they toil so hard for such low wages —that is measuring the ' wages , not by their nominal amount , but by their purchasing power . Parliamentary commissions have brought to light the wretchedness and squalor of their homes- * -unventilated , unsewered , unvisited by light or air , and deficient of a proper supply of water : abodes where fever and pestilence « ver
dwell , sweeping away the sole stay and support of families , and leaving their wretched offspring to all the miserable and deteriorating influences which surround such unhappy orphans . On the other hand , those who toil not neither do they spin , ' are found surrounded by all that gratify the varied faculties of humanityi ^ The working classes observe these facts ~ they reason , upon them , they see that all the classes who have a direct participation in political power or privileges are , more or less , thriving and prosperous . They alone are the Pariahs of the system . They have come to the not unnatural conclusion , that it is because
these classes have the power of protecting their interests through their representatives , that this marked difference arises ; and they have , therefore , resolved through weal and woe , to struggle on for the attainment of those inalien | ablepolitical privileges , which the British Constitution in the abstract guarantees to every citizen who pays taxes and obeys the laws . However the non-privileged classes may oppose their efforts , whatever may be the means resorted to , to put down this noble and
indestructible asp iration for just and equitable institutions—they will fail . History is but one long record of tie fact , that progress is the principle of God ' s government upon earth . The true conservative statesmen , are those who read the signs of the times aright , and direct into safe and salutary channels that popular opinion , which when dammed up overflows all barriers and not unfrequently sweeps away the obstructives who placed them there ! This is not a threat , but a fact . Would we had statesmen wise enough to apply it in time !
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. Little Town , hear Lbeds . —Tha Land members are requested to attend a general meeting en Sunday , April 30 th , at the house of Mr Gtiarlea Brooks , at ten o ' clock in the forenoon . Brdkbwiok Mali ,, Limkhouse . —Mr Fassell will lecture , cm Monday , May M , on tho People ' s Ctmrtcr . Chair , to be taken at eight o ' clock ,
Untitled Article
RECEIPTS OF THE 1 J&TIQXA 1 , Z , AN 2 > conspAsrs-, FOR THE WEEK ENDING THURSDAY , APRIL 27 ,
1818 . PER MR O'CONNOR . » BABEB . £ B . A . Hammersmith . ; 0 6 0 Palaley „ 2 4 0 Gainsborough „ 3 8 0 South Shields „ 6 13 8 Dovonport . ., 6 8 0 Stratford 1 J 8 0 Bridport .. 8 15 0 Hanley ,. 12 15 8 Prsston , Liddle 4 6 6 Leicester , Aatill 6 0 0 Atherstone „ 3 14 0 Monhton Deve-Long Bucliby .. 0 18 0 rill .. 818 2 Has well .. 0 5 6 Norwich , Bag-Horninghold „ 0 18 6 shaw „ 16 0 0 Stow . on-the-
Aahton-under-Wcld „ d i i Lyao „ 0 15 6 Seaham „ 6 7 0 Leeds „ 5 0 0 Retfprd « 1 11 0 North Shields .. 4 8 Cupar Fife .. 0 U G Geo Henry -. 5 0 0 Lower Warloy » 5- 6 0 Kichard Thos ' Colchester „ 5 7 4 Waterman .. 2 6 0 Winchester .. 4 2 . 0 Itobt Jones .. 0 2 0 Nottingham , Wm Hiliion .. 10 0 - Sweet ., 13 0 Joseph Wright « 0 1 0 Carlisle ,, 5 0 0 Geo Allison £ .. 0 2 o Manchester .. 10 0 1 Jas Phillips „ 016 6 Foleshill .. 12 0 Wm Crow „ 0 2 0 Oldham .. 0 34 9 RobfcCiw .. 0 2 0 Goaport „ 3 14 0 Wm Thatcher . 0 10 Barnsley , Lowe 4 13 8 Richard Booth ,, 10 0 Cripplegate .. 0 6 6 WmBaillie .. 0 10 Bradford ,. 5 0 0 Lewis Lewis .. 1 H 6 Newcastle-upon- WmBorratt ,. 0 7 0 Tyne „ 10 0 0 Peter Trumble ., 0 1 0 John Raspberry 0 1 0 £ 169 18 y
. . . . EXPENSE FUND . . Gainsborough <• 0 2 0 Gosport « . 0 7 8 Bridpert . .. 0 10 Barnsley .. 080 Preston , Liddle 0 2 G Cripplegate » . 0 2 0 LongBuoUby t . 0 2 0 Paisley % , 0 16 0 Birkenhead , South Shields ,, 0 7 6 Carey ¦ « 0 1 0 "Hanley . : ... 1 9 6 Seaham . « 0 4 0- Ashton-under- ¦ LowerWariey .. 0 2 0 . Lyna - -.,. „ 3 5 0 Winchester 0 < p North Shields « 0 7 0 Nottingham , Bradford , York I 1 % o Sweet .. 0 7 0 Geo Henry .. 0 3 0 Manchester .. 1 2 11 R T Waterman 02 0 Foleshill .. 0 2 0 Thos Bending' 0 2 0 Olfiham 0 0 3 Ann Smith u 0 2 0 . £ n o 8
NEW Wm » COMPAHHBV Sheffield „ 1 10 0 Brldport „ 0 6 0 Edinburgh .. 0 2 0 John Jenkins « 0 4 0 Markhinuh » 0 2 0 Benjamin Good . ingo .. . 10 0 0 £ 12 i 0 H ^ anel
EXPENSE FUND . Benjamin Good-j MarkhiDch „ 6 3 0 inge e . ' 0 2 G John Jenkins ¦¦ 0 2 0 i ? 6 6
Land Fund , Old Company . 169 19 1 Do . Do ., New Company ... 12 4 0 Expense Fund , Old Company ... 11 0 8 Do . Do ., New Company .., 0 6 6 Rule ? , Old Company ... ... 0 3 4 Do ., New Company ... ... 0 14 £ 193 15 1 Bank ... ... ... ... 84 9 0 £ 2784 5
Q ^^^ QVum ^ mnn Wm . Bixom . ¦' . I , OnEiaiopcEB Soils , jj . Thos . Clabk , ( Corres , Seo . ) £ } Phiup M'GBATH , ( Fln . Sec . ) RECEIVED AT BANK , Crififf , Auxiliary Bank 10 0 Liverpool , Clerance Co-operative Society « 8 IS 0 T . I ' mCE , Manager . RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF THE NATIONAL CONVENTION . To Receipts .. Ii 7 18 71 By Payments .. 157 19 0 Te Balance .. 40 0 51 I 57 19 ° I £ 157 19 0 AESSCSSBSSBB I tmmraiKBO
We hare auditea the above accounts and found them correct . We have also found ; upon an examination of the list of subscriptions received in aid of the Convene tipn , that several large ^ and important towns have not contributed sums at all adequate to the necessities of the Convention or commensurate with the importance which such large places hold in the estimation of the country . Manchester has furnished a worthy exception , and we hope that its liberal conduct will , henceforth , constitute the rule avid not the exception . We trust that the advice here given will be acted upon , and . that the country , if it be really , in earnest , will see that the National Assembly , which will meet on Monday next , has ample pecuniary provision made for allits . purposes . . Daniel Donovan . ") . „ ,.. „„ James Siurbon , . j Audltors > RECEIPTS OF NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . A Special , Lime- Rotherham .. 0 7 9 house' „ o 2 6 ' Collected at Far-A Friend , Lime . , ringdon Hail .. 0 11 0 house .. 0 0 6 Wolvarhampton 0 3 n Do Do .. 0 1 0 R Stringer w 0 2 8 Deptford and Thos C Ingram ,. 0 13 6 Greenwich . ; 0 12 4 Geo Walker , Ame-Mooro aad . rica „ 0 5 5 Holmes' .. 0 5 0 C Tfiompson .. 0 0 6 Limehouso , Mat- Bury „ 0 19 0 thins ... 0 5 0 Lincoln ,. 0 9 0 City and Fins- Birstall .. OH 9 bury .. 0 4 6 Glasgow ,. 610 9 Walliugford .. 0 2 6 Paisley „ I 10 0 Mr Baldivin .. 0 0 2 Manchester .. 612 8 Westminster „ 0 5 0 Mr Nirce , Somers . Bjers Green „ 0 3 0- town .. 0 2 6 Cupar Fife .. 0 4 0 Lambeth . ,. 0 10 0 Winchester „ 0 3 1 Palelej .. 2 10 0 £ 28 18 U
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' A BisposEE of . Falsehoods ' is referred to Sir Muskett ' s letter in another column , copied from Douglas Je& . SOiA'fl NEWSPAPER . The questions relative to the Pe . tition have already been answered in the r . uhlished debates of the Convention . A Manchester Policeman states that the local authorl-¦ ' ties have resolved to exclude from the police force all persons Jprofessing Chartist and Repeal principles . ¦ Our correspondent thinks that the excluded will form an excellent' people ' s police , ' to protect the industrious classes fromjprivileged plunderers and . ' respectable ' ruffians . D . JonNBTON .--The reports that have appeared- In - thl » ¦ and other journals constitute the only information we have of the projected ' National Guard . ' W . Plowden , Leeds— -whose letter we cannot give in full—says : — 'I highly approve of Mr Harney ' s suggestion in the Convention , respecting the sigBing of tho memorial by adults only , as that would place US right before the country ; and I am exceedingly sorry that
Mr Harney ' s views were not the views of the majority of that Convention . ? ,-M . A . B ., Stowmarket . — Enrolment has not yet taken place , In conBeqiuence of Mr O'Connot ' a bill , which is now before the House of Commons . Members of the Old Company may join tho New . Cheltenham . —The Haea entitled' The English Marseil . Blaise' are inadmissible . CLiTBEROE . —There is now no Taon Sun . We / do not itnowmuciiof the Teubsbaph , but believe it to be the most 'liberal' of the daily papers . RMasox , Kotherham , objects to tho ' . National Assembly , ' on the ground that the possible arrest of the leaders , the loss of their services , and ths misery of their families occasioned thereby , will be a heavy blow to Chartiam . The money which must be devoted to the support of the Assembly , our correspondent would prefer to Bee expended in paying lecturers , and printing and publishing Chartist tracts . M . K . ; Drogheda . — Thanks . "We are sorry we COUld not use your communicatien a week earlier . Middle Class , Paisley . —We cannot ad vise you to publish
aro the lines . . Ojt-Ohabtist Speakebs . —A correspondent advises the Chartist Bpeikers and lectuiMs to explain the principles of the People's Charter . Many of the middle class now attend Chartist meetings who are ignorant of the meaning of the Charter ; for their instruction the six points should be explained at all popular meetings . J . Wakefiiiid . —The line * to the air of the'MarseUlaiBe ' inadmissible . A Shopkeeper , Islington , and Alexander Qnnn . — No
room . W . B . ( Jreive , & . Jones , F . Jones , A . Rochdale , W . Brink worth , B . H , ( Carrlngton ) , J . Flood , 'ACliRrti 8 t \( H&m « mersmith ) , J . H . Maclcay . — -No room . W . H . H , 9 . recommends the sale of penny cards , pledging the people to total abstinence from excisable arti . cles , until they obtain the Charter , Pro BohoPcbmco returns thanks for himself and friends to Mr O'Connor , for that gentleman ' s judicious conduct on the 10 th April . J : BaoADBENT . —The subject has been repeatedly dis . cu&sed in our columns . Wo will shortly reopen the
discussion . Nob-wicb . — The Chartists of Norwich havepaBsed are . solution denunciatory of the Morning Chboniole , for its rabid hostility to Chartism . In future the Mobning Advbktiseb will be substituted for the CHUomctE in the Association ' s reading-room . Mr Sphinqhaix , Norwich . — The office of the United Irishman is at 12 , Trinity . street , Dublin : TTe do not know the terms—write to the office . The tracts may be obtained fi om the Executive , U 4 , High Helborn . if you require the papar to be continued to New York , remit 7 s . 9 d . per quarter . We pay 2 d . each , postage , upon every paper sent out . The last quarter terminated on the 8 th inst
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MR F . O'CONNOR IN MANCHESTER ? On Friday night , at six o ' clock , a mealing was held in tht Hall of Soience , Knott Mill . Thia magnificent bail wag crammed . Mr Wiiuiu Gro . coif was called to the chair . Mr J . Clabk congratulated the meeting on at « tending there , sad exhibiting to the authorities of the town , and to the country at large , that no authoritiea , that no laws wbich thej could pass eould erer pat Shem down , ia seeking their rights ( Bear > He attended there that day , because he considered it an anniversary . On the same day hat year he attended a meeting , and in the place in which they were then aasembled he entered his protest against th « domineering powers of tke aristocracy—he
exolairsed and protested against their having invaded the people , and having invaded the Crown , and he oame forward on the present occasion to express his unalterable determination never to cease pursuing the aristooracy until the people ' s House was taken from their fell power : That was a solemn day throughout the whole Christian world , and he reminded them that the principles of justice wera being crueified between two thieves—the aristocracy and the House of Commons . ( Hear , hear . ) Ha draw & line of demarcation between the idle non « producers and the producers . Every man that was not a producer or a distributor of wealth was a destroyer of the means and the comfort of the p eople .- ( Hear , hear . ) And when he ppokeofthe industrious classes , he included all that were engaged
in mercantile pursuits or manufactures , or other industrial pursuits . Mr J . Firkioan next addressed the audience . Ha B » id , they had met on a solemn day—a sacred and solemn occasion . ( Hear , hear . ) And , although they bad not met for the purpose of adopting any moans whereby they might , express their sympathy with that festival which was then celebrated throughoutHhe Christian world , yet they had me& for a purpose as high , as holy , and aa sacred . ( Hear , hear . ) It was to eater their solemn protest againsfc that infernal attempt now being made to ciroum-Boribe , within the narrow boundaries of a Premier ' s opinion , that mind which God hath given to man . ( Hear . ) They had met for the purpose of erannlint ?
with the tyrant , of wrenehinR from him that undue power which he was now wielding against the rights and liberties of the people —( Hear , and applause)—fop the purpose of proving te him that Englishmen and Irishmen knew their rights , and dared maintain them—< hear , hear)—and that , depending as they did tm the ffiighty operations of that mind with which God had gifted all in common , for working ont their regeneration , they would use that mind as a lever to uproot that tyranny by wbioh the people had been oppressed . ( Cheers . ) [ While Mr Finnigan waa speaking , and about live minutes past eight o ' clock-Mr Feargua O'Connot entered the hall , and wa « received with several rounds ef enthusiastic cheeri ing . ] Mr Finnigan called oh Englishmen and Irishmen to unite together .
Mr George Archdeacon delivered an oration . A new career was opening before them , and hebelierecl they would all be obedient scholars to the lessons of their leader , Mr O'Connor . MrFBAHGos O'Connor was reoeived with loud oheers . He said : Whenever he lost his health in tha atmosphere of faction became for the improvement of it in the freeair of democracy . ( Hear . ) He came among them then at the most important period of their history—he came among them at a time when Lord John RusselI , Ieading the Whigs , was attempting to destroy the constitution of this country . And ha should hold himself to bs base and unworthy of their confidence if he was capable of uttering eeatU ments there which he was afraid to speak in tha Commons House of Parliament . He told the noble
lord that if Sir George Grey ' s Bill had been the law of the laud in 1832 , the hulks would not be large enough to hold him ( Lord John ) and his brother felons . ( Cheer ? . ) He told him that when this bill was passed he would traverse the country by night and by day , and that his cry should be ' Down with the base , bloody , and brutal Whiga . ' ( Cheers . ) He told him that when he was endeavouring to attach t&e stigma of felony to those who spoke their minda openly and advisedly , that he was a traitor , commiting treason against the Crown , treason against tha constitution , and treason against bis own principles . ( Cheers . ) He had used that language bsfore Lord John Basset ] , There was nothing so pre-eminentle calculated to damage the character of a leader of thy people us the belief of the people that he was capable
of using language before them that he was afraid to use before tlieir tyrants . He then referred to Sir George Grey ' s Bill , and to his ( Mr O'Connor ' s ) exertions against its being made the law of the land . To-morrow he should be in his place in the House of Commons , at two o ' clock , when the bill came down from tbe incurables the Lords , as the law of tha land , and ; . then , if he stood alone , he would deliver the funeral oratiou over the dead body of Whiggery . ( Cheers . ) He next referred to the meeting on Ken « nington Common , and considered that on that occasion Chartism had gained a triumph . They were going to organiEe an opposition in the House
of Commons to the ministers . ( Hear , hear . ) Ha Bhould watch that organisation—but The People ' s Charter and no Surrender , ' should be the motto oa hia banner . ( Cheers . ) If that opposition could beat down the lewd and licentious aristocracy , he wonld join , with all his heart and soul , as a matter of necessity , as a matter of justice , and as a Batter of right , to beat down that aristocraoy , ( Hear , hear . ) But if they ever beard that he bad joined sny party that went for less than the Charter , bb them not believe it . He would be faithful to them and their cause to the death . ( Tremendous cheering . ) .
Mr t . Rahkih addressed tho meeting at con « aiderable length . Mr W . P Roberts also addressed the meeting . A vote . of thaaks was passed to tbe chairman , and the meeting separated , about ten o ' clock , after giving three cheers for Feargus O'Connor , and three ekeesg for the Charter and Repeal .
Untitled Article
FEAR&US O'CONNOR , ESQ ., M . P ., AT NOTTINGHAM . As Monday last was the day fixed for tke pnblic entry , of-F . O'Connor , Esq ., M . P ., into Nottingham , as early as Sunday morning people began to arrive . On the night of tue above-named day the numbers kept increasing , and on the following Morning they arrived in great numbers , every train brought its hundreds—every vehicle added to the number from every road which led into the town—and more than all , it was a glorious sight to see tha « hard worked arid ill-paid ' Bon ^ . of toil , who could not accomodate themselves with a ride , they were to be met in every quarter—making their way to hear their patriot .
friend , and protector , Feargua O'Connor . The procession began tpform at a quarter past eleven , at tha Seven Stars ; it went through most of the principal streets of the town , each of which added considerably toitB strength , until it arrived at the station a few miau'tes before twelve . When the train arrived ia sight , oh what anxiety was then maaifested , every nervo of every one was stretched to the utmost , each one trying to get the honour of seeing their father flrofc The train waited a few moments at the station when the long-looked for gentleman issued forth ; cheering burst from all pa « 9 of the mass , increasing with great vigour as he made hia appearance and stepped into the carriage , which if heard by our tyrants would make the very slender , delicate texture of their wretohed frames quake frith fear , doring which Mr O'Connor ascended the triumphal car wbioh
was prepared for hia reception , tb . e band play , ing Soe'the conquering hero cornea . ' He seemed to be suffering under severe indisposition . He waa supported in the carriage by hia friends , Messrs Mott , Sweet , Roberta , and others . The carriage , whioli was adorned with costly harness , suited tolthfl occasion , was drawn by four beautiful horses , with postilions dressed in green silk velvet jacket 9 and caps . All being now in order , the carriage taking tho lead , the band following , the whole street of living creatureB began to move towards the Market-square . Even the rain which kept falling at intervals did not stop the anxiety shown on the occasion . In the streets through whioh the procession passed , it wag evident it was increasing most tremendously in size ; and when the mass stood below the Exchange windows , there could not have been less than from 20 , 000 to 25000 persons present .
, Mr Sweet having been called to the chair , commented at some length on the Whig Gagging Bill ; after which a memorial to the Queen , praying her Majesty to dismiss the Ministers , an d to call those to her counsels who would make the Charter a cabinet measure , was adopted . Mr Robkhts briefly proposed the first resolution as telluwa ;—• . Resolred , that we , the people of Nottingham , in nublia maettng assembled , ao hereby expreta Our entire con . fidenoBln
Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., onr highly talented and indefatigable Memberol Parliament , and our thanks to him for his noble , generous , and patriotic cendnat during the greatest agitation which ever engaged tho attention of the British public , and we pled ge ourselves to render him all the assistance in our powes aa long as ho oontinaea the adTooste of the working classes and we likewise hereby expmB our sympath y with Mr O Connos in respect to tho disgraceful treatment ha has reooived in the Commons Hqujq of f ttritament ( Uheera ^
Untitled Article
THE BALLOT . By mistake , the , ]? ostponement of the ballot was named . in tlie Star of last week for Monday ,. May 8 th , instead of . Tuesday , May 30 tli . It will not be possible to take the ballot in . a . proper and satisfactory manner during the , sitting of the National Assembly , and the excitement consequent thereon . The 30 th , therefore , as the day upon ivhich thehallot will take place . By order of the Directors . Thomas Ciark , Cor ; Sec . THE BALLOT .
Untitled Article
AID IO : _ MEEEHDiB UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE . yOTE BY BALLOT . NO PROPERTY QUALIFICATION ANNUAL PARLIAMENTS . PAYMENT OF MEMBERS EQUAL ELECTORAL DISTRICTS T H r flBf I 't ) "I * Fl T »
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THE NORTHERN STAR . _ ... _ A pbil 29 , 184 r > . " , tii ? k j j , i
Just Published, Price Threepence, Tie Bttack Book Of The 1'Biiish Abistocbaot , Contumbg. Ax Exposdee Of-The . Moat Monstrous Abuees Id Chdsch And State. . . .
Just Published , Price Threepence , tie BTtACK BOOK Of tHe 1 'biiish abistocbaot , contumBg . Ax Exposdee of-the . Moat Monstrous AbUEes id Chdsch and State . . . .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 29, 1848, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1468/page/4/
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