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THE 3 R 0 THEHH 00 D OF NATIONS AN AKTICIPiTIOK , ( SazgesUd by Bsrenger ' * ' Sainie aUiznu des peuplet . ' The « ms hfi 3 cease j : fte weary uations furled Their tit ' . ered flags , and ehesthcd tbeir blunted sworcs ; Aefi d ' ck of blood , the dedtntted world Counted its scars , its glories , and rewardi . A 1 U'J « wbisptr , raised in doubt and fear , Hide sn appeal t 3 all she suffering lands—Form an alliance holy and sincere , And j . in , join hands . OH m .= n let " : childless and disconsolate ; WiiJsvrs forlorn , and maidens sorrow-crowsed ;
The cniWrsa loitering a : tne cottage gate ; Tko youn ? mtn mournful , gazicg on the grouad , Joined ia the cry , lamenting , ye : uf cheer—K ? pe&Un ? ever , Oh , je rained lands , Form an alliance holy and iincere , Xni join , j-iie hands . The plou rhsian singing at the early : aoni , Slopped in his t « k , and shuddered to behold , Thr . 'Ugh tba long furrows for the future corn , HaU-D 3 ri ? 4 skulls projecting from the mould—Bor . cs of r . is brethren eciUsred far and near ; i . aj sal ' . Tk'szini ; sighed , Unhappy lands , F irni an alliance holy aad sincere , Aad join , join han ^ g .
The o-bi . per spraac—it gRthered a * it went ; Ir-Jtn crowi to crowd the aspiration fl w ; Pistrec ' -ed Earope staunch-. d the wound ? that rent Hir bUeiisg basom , pierced at Waterloo ; II « r tvisctt sons with Tcices lead and clear Toj ' -c = p tfce words and bor * them o ' er the laads—F ? rra au aliance holy and sincere , Aad join , join hanfls . ¦ s -yj-v y shoullye crag , said they , the furious cer Of b'ind arabfiicn ? W'J * itb sweat and moil r " o' . lo * - 'ie ? 3 n'ing demi-gods of war , And with year b ' oodmake runnels throngh the soil "Lorn rsvaye snff-red—long in ma < l career B - >—e 5-e esd s ^ ord end sorrow throHgi the Ian
**—Form an alliance baly and sucere , And jo ' . n , join han-i « . 'Sheathed bs the swor 3 for ever—lei the dram 3 = tohoolboj ' s pastime—let your battle ? erase , Ani bB the cannnn's voice for ever dumb Sictitt ta c . l . brate the joys of peace . Are y-3 cot brothers ? O > d , whom ye revere , Is is no ! Fathvr of ail climes nad lands . Form st fil'isnce holj acd sincere , Atd join , j ria hands . The words "rssv oracles ; frsm month to mouth Ripi-i as iight the truthful accen's raa , Ttcii 'he coli yorland to fte sunny
Soath—F .-53 Eai : to fft-s : ; they warmed the heart of laan ; Th « i . ro ? perea « p-ople with a » 3 und of cheer Pissed the » l 3 i wstchwotd through tha smiling lands , F jrm an alliance holy aad sincere , Andjvn _ j -in hands . The * ' spread , they flew , th » y fructified apses ; Ta 3 :-pear and s ^ ord hsng rusting on the W& 1 L » , pres ^ rrrd as ralics of a by ^ ond race Vhtn men weat mad , and glaried in their brawls , P ^ ace , the fair mother of each bounteous year , Dropped corn an-4 wine on the prol fie Isnds . Form an aliiascc hely and sincere . And 5 oin , jjin bands .
England fergot Irer deeds of battle done , Tr&ne * biu ? hvd at ' glory' gained in fields of gore , C- Ttnaa , Italian , Spaniard , Pole , and Hnn Tan ^ Et kin ? s i lesion and were foes no more—Knowledge achieved the circuit of out sphere , Aad I . ire became the gospel of the lands—TVnen that al isKce , holy and sincere , Had ioinsa all hands . Ih-ppel Show
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ECRRAn—HURRAH—WE JIOTB . A TRIUXTB . I : ssves—it rsove?—Esrth hath not sltpt—It crouched bnt fer its spring ; 0 : silence ij the thunder born , And whjt ^ rs hirrests bring ; It did buz palpie . 1 weakness feign , The Tnore its itren ^ rh to prcvB ; 'Tis bounding for the goal sgain ; Hurrab—Hurrsb . —we meve . Sbcst—shout—the fettered migkt of France A ; ain bath rent her chiis ; Ho , tjraiits . cronch , —3 t Aatoine treads Tha Tuilleries again ; In us ie ^ ty andmigat she rose , Again to E jrtk to prove , A nstion's will can lao ^ h at swords ; Hnrrih— 'Jnrrjih ^ we moV 4 . Bose—HoiEe—once mor : a trnmpet blait
K : n ; i in the cbamuss sound ; < Jrcit thou . hts p -saiahafh Genoa * poke—Fie = wards h ^ th Fiorence found ; pdlersii ail her tyrant ' s Trrath Huh f ! = re-1 in arms to prove ; Frei , K ^ ples shouteth by the sea ; Hurrah—Hurrak—we move . Tna storm is forth—the rushing blast ; Lo , in its mi ; hty ro 3 r The tbroa ? 5 and accient powers of wrong Usarp tie Earth no more ; Ho . Pr ; s ; is , where ' s thins iron rule ? Ho , Austria , do ? t thou prove The brw :-rd of exclti ^^ man ? IIuiTBh—Hnrrah—we movfl .
Ani Poland , giant sm of time , For ' . hee is promise dumb ? Shouts no : triumphant hops thy name ? Is not thine hour too come ? It swee ? = —the rending storm sweeps on ; L < \ the free E- « rth s ^ all prove Its nob ' . ?? l ; fs—Us ehainless yearB ; Hurrah—Hurrati—we meve . An ? Ea ? iand sleeps;—BiV . emia stirs-Stirs too the fiery Hun ; Ta ; LOT . bard rends the Austrian ' s feeel , —¦ Milan hath freedom won ; £ w- _ ig ^ iwaV : t—press thou too 02 ,
Firs '—born of Freedom , prove Ihj rigM to lead the march of nnn , And trach tna world to more .
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GS 3 MAX STUDENT'S 50 XG . WO 1 ICTH DKD CBAFT . Are G rman bearti ? fith strength and courage hastiiu- ? Tber ^ to the claag of beakers gleams tha sword , An ' . tr ^ e ind s £ > adfa < -t in our place of meeting , VTe j ^ al cloaS in sonir the fitr .--word ! Though rock- ? and oak- * 'ess shiver , We , va wi !! tre-ribi-e never ! S : rc-r ! : ko th ? t : mpest . see the youths go by r '« j" Fitbiriand to combat and to die ! Hi * . r . -- d a ; truf love be tliebrothrr-trken , And p : ; r = ) liLs go'd th » son ! witMn imprest , Arc : r ,. - . in dt : itti our spirits be not broken , £ Iic ? : be tie ribbon bound abput the breast . * * * Though rocks etc . A :- -c . T j sh . ee f ^ te maj tear us from each other , L-: eati mas gra ^ p sf each the brotherhand , Ae ^ s ~ ar or ; c ? iswe ,- 0 , cvtry Germpn brother ,
irstb to Th ? bntil , trmh to the Fatherland ! Though rotksanfl oik-trees shiver , ¦^¦ - , we ni \\ irac =. blenever ! Strops Jiki the tempest , set the youths go by Fcr Fatherland to combst and to die ¦ Hmitis Journal
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IIIXG RIGilAHOLE ALIVE AGAIN ! 7 itli the se :: « : bie remarks of P . trick Blafce , E ? q ., of tie Echo , Kllar nsj , thereupon , Suggested , by 3 rigzr . : rde speech lately sDoated in tfee Confederation Eill . Friends , there sre fif j thousand men C : \ 2 ir ? to help u '—2 fr Blake : Arrah ! Whtn t Fr . szia , they are coming here , I vow , X « do our ba « ine = s Mr 2 : Ifr . sha . ' Sine f Frif n-5 s , they are coming , hut Hot come ; I osIt sjy tbey ' re—-Mr B .: Comir . ff to come ! t ? z \> . tht-y Gjht for us , Fritnds , ssy what Shall we dj : cr tt ,-m—Mr 3 .: Eo'd thtir hal . ' 3 £ , - Fr : rni ! = , I pst , Repeal is won'Hi Troo . I ttil yoa , FritniJEMrB .: ' F . 'i-. n : « , I srn for th-. ' S 2—C ^ : * -iii , snd tlcrion = Mr 3 .: Diddcrum . Dc-O I The L .-. r . ' . s « il ! ask .- a splendid show , L . k = Kin . ' C-l ^ sfi Idlers—Mr B .: Att o / arOK ] The B ' . s ' ncp ? til npoa a saelf Si * b ~ tfj-tnselvtEUr 3 .: O '»! jKv-jss of ne ' ph I T 1 L ir . l Lis-ti'tnict , wi : h his tat Up 3 :: h : ^ ht ^_ Mr B : .: ' fif . 'iJ of ihat . ' Tb- Lords £ nd Corsacaers do hold Tb .-Ir hat ; in hand Mr B . : jli g ' hn ' i ViCi / calcli C-M \
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The ' common people' all ran oat , Aad throw their hati up , dcnc _ e , and ihoat—MrB .: Hot if they hM \» ahai they ' re about Frl « ndi , I myself will sit as one M . P , for MrB .: Iht old ffianty Slant ! Friends , we will wear our gold-laced coats MrB .: But irtaJ about the people ' s votes ? Frlend « , we will all be naightj grand MrB .: But Into about the poor man ' s land f Friend * , there are oiher ' gents' to spout rThen I have doac—MrB .: -4 ft ! iken , geloull United Iriikman . J F M
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TIIE ORGANISATION OF LABOUR . The Committee of Operative sitting st the Lnxem . bourn , under M L"uis BUnu , thns continue theii report , the first portion of which appeared in the Northkex Star , of Saturday , May Gth : —* We had nflt only to provide for the necessities of the present , bnt tocollict materials fnr the futnre . Thus we have seriously pnndered » nd carefully discussed down to the most m'nate details tbemejoriiy of the questionsaffectinz the safety of the people , by which we mean the sefe'y of society at lane , for we cannot too fften repeat that Interest * are depenitnt on tach other , andifthc $ have come to consider each other as enemies , it Is sol-ly owing to a want of study and a defeciire state oi Boeietj . Those who now oppose us with sneh inconsiderate Jmpffooslty are not aware how far our ideas aracalculated to re-assnre and protfCt them .
No matter ; the day will coma when tVe bllndtat of onr adtvr « 9 rie « will do ns jnsefce . Oar consciences justify us , ani that is enough . Tb < - Secrttirie' -Ganeral of the Ministerial Commii . sion for \ f orlimtn , M Fracgois Tidal , nn % M . C . Sec queur , hnve b--en instructed to prepare o resume of the principal remits of our int rnsl deliberations . The { oil -wing i 9 the fn « r , ib ! e of the ideas which we have thought it onr du' . y to lay before yon : — 1 To the old ttrritori > 1 and military feudality has latterly succeedeS a financial , commercial , and industrial feudality , which it is now our business to destroy , in the name of the muta » l dependence of humanity—j . e ., for tha bent-fit of all—of all without xepption .
By the ^ ill God . a new and marc lofty conception of rijjbt has arisen frcm the eoneeaUd innvementof flge » Sentiments and ideas Iisto changed ; custom * acd insti tutious necessarily tend to change ia monern societies The rooietrous nsnlts of the system of laisse : faire hare compelled the state ofhopekss discredit to which It is reductd . Top economical edifi ; e of the past is cracfcini ? and cnmbline on all sides ; its foundation * are und ? r . miaod , and society , as it has be ? n constituted by competitionan'l isolatUn , has almost bacomesn impossibility . Tra ^ e , commercs , national labour , the whole activity of
the Enrapean world , find themselves abandoned to a radical Bud permanent state of confus ' on to periodical crises to absolute blindness as regards the future . Want and disorder are universally prevalent ; the arena of the mercuntiltf world is strewtd wi h wjDUBded and dead . The lot of a large portian of the p ? ople is lamentable ; they are attenuated , depressed , atrophised , and decimated by incessant toiJ , thanks to the system of p olitical economy n « w so loudly vaunted . For want of work there are some wb . 9 livo plungei in hereditary misery ; there are others who are driven by grief aad privations to succanb to ell the fusrse « on » of despair .
But behold the arrival of the fc . our for coming to a ssttleTietit with distress , and considering measures of a remedial aad restorative tendency . The jacred Rtandard around which the people rail } is inscribed withtbrea words which no lnnd will henceforth iff ce , for therea . lis ^ tioa of this motto is brought about by the rc « i . > . tlf 83 course of events—these words are , ' Liberty , Equality , and Fraternity . ' Now , two great forms or combiaation-i seemed des titled to envelope , in a way , the sew civil and so ial relations of mankind ; two great ideas , necessary corol . larien of the seariments of equa ' . ity and fraternity , alone possess t >\ e power in ihe presen ¦ d- > y of reconsiructing and enriehice — on the one sKe association , the principle of all Btrccrth and all economy ; on ; he othtr , the disinterested istervention of the State — the principle of all order , all distributive justice and allunltv .
We have sufficiently detailed the benefit ; conferred by the principle of associition ; those benefits legalise its acceg ^ iOD , which we aapounce to yoa . A ? ta the State . It is deaf that if it has any social duty , it is to interfere U a peaceful proteetnr wher ver thero ara rights to adjast and interests to guarantee ; it is in equal con . ditions --f mnral , intellectual , and physical ( 5 ev . lopment Tnis is its law ; and it can only accomplish this law by reserving to it 3 ? lf the right of distributing credit , of furnishing impletn ? cts of labour to these who waut them , in such a manner as t >« render the l : vinj ? oourccs of wealth accessible to all . Take away this tcononycil attribute—taka away all foresight from the State— -we mean the Scate as democratically constituted—am the organisation of labour bjcomes a He , and th » intolerable miseries of the people mustrtm 3 iu for ever with , oat a remedy .
These princip ' es will have no efficacy unless applied to every sphere of eoci 3 ' . activity , to every order of labour and interests . If a vast ensemble of ra . asures and combina'ions . conceived in tfei » spirit of unity , do not simultaneously and progressively transform a ; riculture , trade , aad cooiaurct—if she Iigislator and the political economist , in their views of the futnre , do not lend equal attent ' on to t > e production , the distributes , and the completion of wealth—if tbeydo not at once harmonise the mode and the laws—if they neglect to introduce mutual dependence aiid reciprocity between occupation ? , between persons—all is compromised and perilled , becan'e all is subjected anew to contradiction , to twofold trup ' ojmsnt , to antipathy , and to war .
We have already , after having shown you what motlvee induced us to prononnce the downfall of the system of a libTticide lahsezfaire , to substitute for antagonism an 4 isolation the priDaple of union and rsutual d'per . d- ^ Tiee , liid before you s sketch of the plan for V ? . t orcanlsaUoa of labour in the workshops of munufactnrinj ; industry , a * 3 d wa hare even pointed ont how , by the construction of a few rast edifices—i . e ., by a sinjtle intelligent and architectural arrangement—it would be possible te r-klise a large saving in the consumption of the workingcla-aes witbeut distarbing any inttrest . Bat we mu ? tgo farther ! we nev .-r dreamt cf confining within such narrow limits th « complex problem of the organisation of labour .
In fact , are not competition , confusion , end disorder everywhere prevaltnt in town and country—in the farm and the ehop as WiIIa 3 in the factory ? Do tbey not weigh down every age and sex—do they not oppress weajsa ar , 3 children quite as much as vain 2 nd adults f Theu the agricultural social workshop , and -h * workshop of exchange , aale , or purchase , ought to be organised simaltBii'Oiis ' T w :-h the industr ' sl sccial works-op . The commencement of this great ffork is pointed oas to u ? by the very citccmstasciS in which we ar at present placed . Everybedy must be struck by two great fact's , which are aggravated in proportion to our advancr by a twofold tendency , which at onc « - meaares UJ with therpleti ^ n and the pacperism—tbe too much and the fn little—of the state of society in E-gUnd . Disaster devastates the racks of the mas ^ era , and idleness taps the energies of thepsojle ; in niany workshop * labour is wholly snsptcd ^ ii , and a l « rge number of op ? - ratives , uccla «« ififd and floating , remain enludad rom the lahonrs of the natioa .
Every d 3 y we ere visited by the heads of all BOrtS of establishment ' , who crmo to abandon to us their implements ot l . bc-ur , requesting u <\ topubstitute theagtney of ihe Stste for their own , in order to save tbo waaes of their Dumerou * employe :. Ar to the Haemployed operatiTe =, » bsy rush to us in crowd ; . Araerciless necessity , thirefore . Is about to btnd the will of the legislature ; wants so imperious taust be satisfied . 1 . The State ought to step , or at least diminish the disasters rf piiiam trade , to gBve the mastera by purchasiaj , tfctir impltments whenever it ms ; be convenient so to do , and when they themselves maka the offer . The State ought also to save toe operatives by husbanding the means of continuing tbeir labours . This h the twofold erjeet which wi > pro . p 9 ? e to attain is elabcratitg the plan ef social workshops for trade , to which we hare already drawn your attention .
2 . Th ^ State on ^ ht to create new centres of laooar an 1 production , to which all the unclass . d , unoccupied , end necessitous portion of tbe population may b " . admitted inimetaUtely , and find prosperity , security , dignity , and liberty . In order to meet this pressing . necenslty , we pr > po = e , ss a measure a'r a'ly in principle adopte-i , tbe redemption of the niiroa ^ s , eanale , and mines , in order thai they may ba immediately tra-.-. sformed into sccial work-bops , into dockyards of the Republic . With the same cbj r c' ia view , we propose the creation of sgri .-uloral norksbops ia diff . r . r . t part 3 of the French terri-orieB , where the surp us populatkn of th « to > ns nicv find nn out'et .
We propose entrepots and bszaars , with th ^ or . jpct of regulst ng eTchaayti " , cf introducing ? rulh acd Binctrity into businets trfiassclious , of sirnplih ine tha circulation , and reducing the expenses of trade , of eRtablisbing indu ^ tii-1 crciiit on w * beets , and ef itnceriug tte use of psp r money general . 3 The Stsie ought to insure tie financial resources of all those establishments , to found a sjBtem of urritorisl and eomrndcial endit , and ior this purpose to dfcr . e an emtvuV . e if icetitutioue or economical combinitious cf-rrtcpondinj nith the exigtncie 9 of an unpreezdezii ' . d et . its of things . We cccttqusotly prcpnsi to transform tbe pystem of baDk- ! and Hssuraucs into national in * t tutioijs ; to appropriate to tha special budget of the organisation of labour all the profits f . coraics fr ' . m ttre erection of the bazaars anO cr . lrepCts , with ihe economy of which you will soon bcrasd ' - -, ' itqviainted . Wi'ji : so propose a pn j . ct far the rTjjanisation of territorial cre .-Sit , according to wbich hypotbtcary d'bt ? ? This Comraittse has cow ceased to exist , aad its jreEident is proscribed by the bQurgeo > sie ,
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may bo redsemed and capital placed at the disposal ol the agriculturists 6 n reaBon » ble terms . Other praelJeal conceptloas which we are elaboratlnir . eBpeciall y that of an unique tax , will complete tbis esumble of measures destined to serve as a means ot transition from the old to the new order of things ; for it is not our busiaess to muke a tabula rasa of the vestiges of a Ion ? pigt in one momant , but in a manner to engraft the future on the present . To sum up , we submit to discuBBlon two very distinct orders oi measures—on the one hand , social workshops of agriculture and trade , to bo organised on the nuw bases of association and mutual dependonco ; and , on the other , institutions to be founded , modifl&d , or transformed . And , first , we will doveJope our ideas respecting the agricultural workshops , the commercial bezants and entrepots , the Unitarian organisation of assurances , end the national or State banks to be establiabed througlseut the Republic .
1 . 10 BIC 0 LTDBE . Agriculture offers to labour a vast and fruitful fielda fiild almost unlimited . Agrirulture permits th constant apportionment of production to the wants and the resources of consumption—it off rs to labourers a permanent occupation aad certain remuneration . A full derelopement may be given to agriculture without any fear of addieg to the accumulation of markets or dopreciatto ? produce—without any / ear of raining neighbour ing workshops and dispUclr-g , instead of succouring distress—whhout / ear of throwing upon ihe streets poor labourers employed elsewhere , or lowering the rate of wages . The cultivate * lives oa the soil , on the produce of tbe soil , and has no need of purchasers , HU existence doen not depond , like thatof tbe operative , on tbe vicissitudes of commerce , chance , political crises , the closing up of a di 8 t 3 st outlet , or an unforeseen catastrophe .
Tho operative traployed in trade can only live on condition of finding an outlet for his produce ; whereas agricultural prodnco . strictly speaking , may be consumed by the producers them 8 elv < 8 . Agriculture U favourable to the health and the mo rality of the labourers ; it enables them to vary their toils—to develop their activity and intelligence in the open air , aurroun Ud by tba splend 9 ur of nature . Manufacturing industry , on tbe contrary , accumulates huuiaa beings in towns by thousands , in filthy and unhealth y houses , in which m n , women , and children pine away and perish for want of light and air ; it exbausts the operatives iij th * exc ss of n monotoBOUs labour ; it devote * them to rciaery , immorality , and too often , to premature death .
France is certainly not over-populated , but the population is very badly distributed . A better distribution must be tff-fccefi ; the desert traots of land ia the coua . try must be peopled with tho surplus population of the town 9 ; the mnjority of labourers must make an influx into the fields , and be employed in the work of husbandry ; tbo superabundant population of tUs manufacturing ttiwns mu < t be allur . d to these agricultural colonies . Tho inevitable result of the voluntary emigration of a certain number of labourers would be the amelioration of tae condition of the urban operatives , the diminution of the number of the unemployed , the absorption of a part of the labour offered , the consequent abolition of the system of underselling between starring competitors , and the raising of tha prices of the manufacture 0 ; the rate of wages . Agricultural working depots or colonies must be created .
We propose the foundation in each department of social agricultural atelier ; , placed under the direction of the State . Thvgs establishments would be theoretical and prac tical « chools of agriculture ; they would guarantee to every labourer not only tbe rijht to work , bat also the right to the implements of labour and tbe fruits of toil , the right to education , the frae development of the fa cultiex , and the sweets of existence . A sura of 100 , 000 , 000 f . would be appropriated to this special purpose . This sum would not be raised by loan
or tak-n from the normal budget or the ordinary receipts ; they would not be levied upon tho taxpayers by means of increased imposts . Thi » y would ba furnished by new sources of public revenue—fruitful sources which only n quire to ba d ^ arfn upon . Vfe will inform you presently hot ? , without adding to the cbarge 3 which n"w burd < m tha citizens , bat rendering real services to society At tbe same time , the State might increase th ? annual receipts of tha national treasury by several hun dicds of millions . Those colonies , is our opinion , ought to be organised in the following manner : —•
A credit of 189 , 000 OOOf ., destined for the establish ment of agricultural colonies , would bo placid at the disposal of the State . These colonies would be the property « f the nation . In the first instance , ona colony would bo created in each department , with power to increase tbe number , if necessary . Eith colony ought to ba composed of about 100 families . Bach colonj would be directed by an agronomist , who would represent the Stnto , and command and gnparintend tbe labourers . This director would choose his principal assistants , and form his equadrou of Ontte miilres . Wheo tho colony was in full activity , nnd the inhabitants had ha 4 time to form an acquaintance with each other , tbe conlre mailres would be chosen by the director from the candidates designated by the colonists ihaiaselvej .
One-third , at least , of tbe personnel of tbe colony would be composed of cultivators , another third of mechanics , whoBe labours are necessary to agriculturetuch as smiths , wheelwrights , masens , joiners , carp * nters , locksmiths , tailors , shoemakers , wooden shoemakers , barne ? s-makerB , &nd farriers ; finally , tbe last third would consist of manufacturing operatives taken from the towrs . The qualification for admission wo'ild be the knowledge of a trade and indisputable probity and morality . The preference would be given to the largest aad poorest families . Tho director would decida upon admissions in the first instance , bnt as soon as the personnel of the colony wis partially f .-. rmed , none would be admitted without the concurrence of tka committee of management .
This committee of management , ompgsed of fifteen members elected by thecelonistsat large , would deliberate on nil the interests of the association , and superintend the carrying on of its effaira under the presidency of the dip ctor . The committee would aUo decree exclusions , but only after formal inquiry and judicial sentence , tigneJ by two-thirds of the members . The colonies would be 6 ubjeot to the Unitarian system , and tae priaciplo of culture by aasoc . ' atcd families . The colonists would be lodged in one vast edifice , divided into as many separate apartments as there might be familua . Each family would hare a sptcious and commodious lodging , clean , a ^ iubrioup , well warmed and lighted , tbe wholefor aver } tmderato rent ; for eTerybody knows that the construction of a vast edifice calculated to Ic 4 ge 100 families , costs less than 100 isolated honses .
There will also be common balls ' , rooms for meeting find reading , a library , books purnals , all thu conveniences met with in towns , all that facilitates intercourse an ! renders Ufa attractive . Tbera would be an economical kitchen , wbtra alimentary substances vrould be prepared and Boid at cmst price ; there-would even be lavatories and common wushbouscs . In this masner tfle colonists woald ecj'yall the advantages of a ? grpgate and social life , and all the savings of which consumption on a 1 rgo seals permits the realisation , and , mvtr : hel ' 'S 3 , every one would have his horaf , his dotaestio fireside , his interior , where be might isolate himself and cut himself off <' rom all communication , as il in aninriolablc saDctuar . r . Speculation amingst n ? sociate 3 is proliilited . There would be neither shops nor merchants in the colony . All the prorlfciom would ba purchased wholesale by the manijing committee , and sold 'it cost pric ? . Fur the establishment of these colonies waste lands belauding to the coir . muut 8 may be purchased .
L -nds may ba till d , ponJs drained , marshes rendered ? alu ^ rious , and new territories conqnered fcr cultiTation . Priraie property ma > hi bought , and , if nPCO « Bary , tho liw of expropriation appealed to , for the colonies are in tho highest degree , establishments of public Utility . A large domain may be taken , already furnished with a saicabla haHiiaiion and agricultural implements , 4 c . There are etill chateaux in Prance which the OWDGrfl would willingly give up to the State , and old feudal lands which rnigiit beccae msgnificentcol-. ' -nies . By cultivating waste Iand 3 susceptible cf fertilitylandi , the jaleab . ' e value of whieJi is now insignificantthe colonists would be placed in tbe most favourable conditions , and the surface of the cultivattd soil would be increased .
The colonists would combine agricultural with industrial labours , but agriculture would he the fundamental basis , Evta now this combination has become a necessity both to agriculrure sad to trade , a question of prosperity or decay , ofliie or fieath . Thanks to this combination , every one might charue his occupation , and find rpst fr .-m » ho toil cf the workshop in the recreation of field labour ? , and vice versa . Beeidts , in © rdtr to rvalue iha abuudacco of all thitigg , wb must be able to turn to account ill available forces of the time and of the phyi-ical powtr which sometimes agriculture and fometimts trmie case to require .
When thera i ? no work g * iny on in tho fields—whtn tho 91 asc-r . Kr . farourublc , during ! -ost , rain , and snow , duriiis tha intpnsQ heats of 9 uminar and the long nights of wiot-. r—( treat activity m .-y be applied to mechanics . Wntn , on tte contrary , gaed time or harvest requires , at h given moment , the simultaneous co-optration of a largo number of labourers , tbe wcrks of the factory would be £ utp * r . jed , p . nd the cultiraiion of the fields exelui-ivrly attended to . This would be a froitiul marriage of nijriculture and trade . The c-l- 'tnists ere to bo mutually depend'rt . Tbey sre to ba sssocist ? . ! f r ag ^ culturnl and industrial labours , anil th ; proSis to te divii ' ci are to consist of t ' uc produce of the two cccu ; jntio ! j 3 ewnhiuid . In the first instate ? , the hoi ;; a of labour will be levied on the gro ? s p-ciu-: e of the oniony . The 60 wsgea will be uniform for labourers of ths same class , but there moy be several d . ff . rett categories .
T ; e CouncU of Admialstration nppolntsd by tho colonists , and pr-.-sil-. d over by tho dinctor , will determine the . 7 ario - i 3 categories , and . fix tbe rate of wages for each ,
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The wages will be paid weekly ; but , exclusive of these flsei wages , all tb& associates will hare a > rlghs to a eha-tof the pr ; . flt 9 . In fix ng the rate-of vagen the overage actual rate of every profesiion ana every district will bo ns&amed aa the bat-is of tha minimum . This average rats tata » a as the minimum oa oimj side , the u 1 logs realised In the oxp nditura by consumption on a large scale , on the other , r . nd finally , the right te adivisionorairactlon'ofthe profits , will immediately better the condi tion of tin labourerj in a very remarkable manner . Tho minimum of wb ( jtb will be guaranteed , in every ease , by the reserve fund , to which we are about to nllu'ie .
A fcer the deduction of tho amount of the wages the expenses ( whatever they moy b . ) of the operation * , and the chargts of keeping materials in repair , < tc .,. will be levied on the t-rods produce , and , lastly , bicrest at % per cent , on all tho capital invested for the profit of the State . Thesfl expenses and interest will form part of the annual expenses , and be placed to'he dobit of the asacclation . The colonists will thus pay an annual interest of 3 per cent , to the Sttite on all ths capital cost of tho colony , The surplus of gross produce will form ihe net produce or profit . ThiB profit will ba thus divided : — 1 . One fourth will b » levied for the profit of the State , to serve to found new col « ni 9 B ( ipcelal appropriation . ) - 2 Another portion will be devoied lo theforinatioa ai s fuidfor thfi maistenancn of tba aged and the flick o-f tho colony ! Out of this fund the physloians will be pni' 1 , and the expenses of ph-irmacy and infirmaries , « tc , dufrftyec ) . All theso exp-snaes will bo supported by the association .
3 . Another fourth part will serve to form a reserve fund , appropriated to the realisation of a mutual dopetidenco amonxat tho different colonists and all the social ateliers of tbe republic . In this manner the workshops (> r colonies , re d uced ono yrnr to a mate of digress , mny be succoured by the more prosperous . ThU reserve fund , f . irrutd by a retortion of one-fonrth at tha profits of all the colonies and ateliers , will soon form a considerable cnpital , which will belong to nobody in particular , but to all collectively . Tho reserve fund ef all the ateliers of France will bo cnniHed unHer the surveillance ot the state , to- s superior council of cdminUtration , which , in contingent casfiB , will ha * e to distribute relief , and moreover , to employ the aggregate cnpital . 4 . Finally , tbo last fourth of the profits will be ap . proprlated to the colonists , and divided among 91 them in proportion to tho number of days' labour annually performed by each associate ; all working days being considered eq livalent .
Wom > n and children of both eexes who may have worked in the colon ; will have a right to participate in the profits . Now , an in the Industrial ngriculturol atcliors , advan tatro may bo taken of the weikent piwera and the most limited understandings , the father of a numerous family will not have , as now , to support ulone the expenses of housekeeping . Oa the other hand , the asylua « , the creche , and the gratuitous school , will tako charge of infantine education , and the colony will provide for thu expenses entailed by sickness , and the mnintonanee of invalids and aged p < rsons from the relitf fund . To theao colonies may be annexed chtnblielimentj which will bi corns certain causes ot proipcnty and fruitful sourceB of income , —
1 . An agricultural school , to wbich will be admitted pnpils payin * annual stipends , and bursars maintained a : lbe i / ipenso of the state , tho departments , and the cemmune ; the professors will naturally be pnid c » f ; of the bud ^ i . ' t of Public Instruction ; iho children ot the colony will to admitted to the coursts gratia , 2 . Asylums to be founded for tha incupiuitated la . hourer ; houses of retreat frr oged persons of both sexes . 3 . The charitable establishments now sitaste in the centre a \ towns , and which would bo far better placed in tho country , where thoy would entail h'BS expense , snd where the pmrtonnaires would lead a happier life , at t >) t ) name time that they might make themselves uscl ' ul la garden ' ng oppra'Uns . i OrpVaii and f-iundling nsylums . Tho children will be brought up as cultivators ef the soil .
As living isch ' nperin tho country , it will he the into rest of tho state , the deportments , and the commuir . s , which support tbo expenses of thtse charitable inititut ons , to some to an understanding with the m .-iii ' igo . ment of the colony , and they may thus reduce tte cifil list of distress , or tx send thuir relief to a larger number of unfjTtunatts . If the invalids , the infirm , the aged , the in Jifjent , and the fatberleFa , maintained at great expenBein the towns , were tranufcrred to ' . he coloniro , the bitter would be fur . nisbed with coneumers for their comm > ditie » and their manufactured produce , an 1 tho soil would be enriched trith the manure which a numerous population would supply . According to our idea , relations of the clo'cst mutual dependence ought to be entertained betwe ? n the diff -rent colonies , as well as between all the workahopn placed under state supervision . These workshops would natu . rally become customers of each other , and regulate tbe exehanges of commodities amongst tbemeelveR .
Each wou'd produce , in preference , th « article in the production of which it most exci' 11-ri , either by reason ot the aaiure of the soil , or its geographical site , or the superior qualifications of the people . The Stnte , as supreme dir ctor , will combine and distribute tho labour , rHs'rbute tbe orders , nnd tcaintain tho iquilibrium of production and consumption . Suck is a summary of our plan . We shall have to develop to you Us minutest details . It now rimains for ua to explain by the aid of what rtsources tbe Stat'i msy be enabled to found colonies . These resources will bo furnished to us by the procluco of tho magazines and tho commercial bnznnrs , the centra , lised assurances , and the annual profits of the national banks . ITolcconlinutd . )
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BESIDENT SfFFJUOE . 1 —To conveno public meetings in London or in the country to disseminate tracts , and institute I < ctures for the purpose of impressing on tho Cr ^ wn , tbe Government and the LegiJhtHre , the imperative necessity for nn immediate extension of tho t-1-. ctivo franchise to all mtla reBidtnts whoh <\ ve attained tho ago of twiuty-oao years , who s ! : all have been resident for the ptriod of oix monthB in the tenements for which they claim to vote . Provided that such persoTS are not in rec-. ipt of parochial rt-litf , and are nnoomieted of crime .
QUALIFICATIOH FOB BIPBE 8 ENTATIVES . 2 That all born sut-j = ctB of these realms shall bo eligible to rf present the peoplo in parliament , provided their incomes are rated ia 6 uch manner as tho law di . rccts , and at not loss than tho annual value of £ 200 < tn : l upwards , derived from trade , real cetnto , commercial or proft-SFionsl pursuits , and who shall obtain the majority of votes in the manner hereinafter indicated . M'iDE OF VOTING—THE BAlLiT . 3 . That in order to prottct the industrious and other classes from intimidation and loss , and to enablo them to execute tha elective franchise for tho bmtflt of the community , their votes fhafl be taken bj ballot , ELECTORAL DHTIIICT 3
4 . —Perceiving the gross inequalities in numbers in th ; Tdr ioua conBtifutncieaof Orcnt Britain and ininnd , this club deem it just that the country shall be divided into ¦ ilatricts , and that populntlon Bhould be tha bnBis on which tba people ought to elect thtir representatives to parliament , therefore the club demand Equal Electoral DiBtricte .
DU 3 ATI 0 N OP PiBLUDIENTS , 5 . —Great injustice ia porpitrated against the nation , in consequence of the law which empowers representatives to bold their seats for seven years . The average durntlan of septennial parliaments 19 scarcely three joars , consrquenrly , therefore , we consider tha tit would reconcile the working msBies with tho middle elasaes , by insistinc on the abolition of tbe septennial act , and the enactment of a law , making the duration ef parliament Triennial . The Metropolitan Political Club oarneetly rr quest the co operation of the middle classes with the working-mon , in ordcf toiffi'Ct :
1 st . —R sulent Suffn'ge , 2 nd . —Income Qualification for Members . 5 rd . —Vote by Ballot , 4 ib . — -Equal Electoral Districts . 5 th . —Trianniul Parliaments . In order to defray the incidental expenses of thia aepociation , the oxecutivecoinmHtoeappeal to nil reforrmn for subscriptions und donations . 0 ia shilling aud upwards will entitle tho subscriber to hiB receipt of mem . berehip , Signed , by cdir of th « Meeting , Charles John Smith . Cbuirmnn . Edward PoRTWinb , Secretary . Committee Rcoms , 94 , Wardour-Btreet .
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The Prns-iian Reformers intend to revert to the aneiect coF . turru of Germany , and to do away with tbe 'awkward and uanuaning freck coat and trowfei' 3-A brilliant comet , Itr / ifm aa Hal ' . ey's , which onl ? intrr *! uces itse'f tn tha att ce of the world every hundrtd yeira , will , ii-ia undmtoofl , raako its ap > pearnnce in the pvo 38 a&yca . r . It appears , frsra-. the- report of Iho GornmisaiONtra of GhariticH , ihni-larn ' od and funded property to tb ' j amount of jEy ^ jiiiflS , yielding fti ) anaual income of ^ ei . l 71 , ip ^ sa . JJtrust . -
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MONDAY , Mat 15 . HOUSE OR B ( i > BDS .--Tho only bustne *! of Importance in this houee was the s .-coud reading of Lor J Stan , ley ' s Bill for the better arrangement of'Fiirliamentary buBin < " 89 j and by- which his Lordship pr . peses- to amend tne present system ) which keeps their Lordships idlo at t *> e commenceraont of the Session , and overwhelms them nith work at its cIobo . Lord Campb > -ll , Lord'IK-desiole , Lord Brougham , aud others tna ^ e objectlona-to-tho Bill , but it was ultimately read a Second tlino without c dirl-«{ on . HOUSE OF 00 K ? MON 3 . —Navioatiim La « w— After some oppoiition to tho proposal to 50 into Comuiittee on thooe Laws , the mlnlDters carried their point ,, and Mr Lab mcnBRE rose to redeem tho pledge given In her 51 ijasty ' fl BpefCh at the-OOtamencement of tbe session , aod .
to recommend to the- consideration of Purliam' nt the luws which r < : ( , 'ulated tbe navigation of the United IS ^ , ; - doi ) . If th « chaHgee-Wilich he wbb about to rcoommeart were of a more vital and extensive character thnn'any previously accomplished , he inust remind the cocs mltteo , that of late yenra evtrytMng ehfehad beenioluni ; - ing around us . Thu ema-soipation of the South Aiin » - rlcan colonies , tho inTentron of steam navi ^ htioni th * rivalry created by the long continuasce of peace io < oommercial matters , the great < rhangr-s which we bad made in tho system of protoctiom , were all circumstances which rendered It necessary toooasidtr what tffect bad bi-en produced upon them by the'Navigation Laws , lib adtrertcJ to thechaDgesmady in those laws from tho tirxo of Richard II . down to the titno of tho C-tmmouwoiilth ,. vrheo our presunt colonial system first came into force ,
and traced them subsequently ti the celebrated stntute of the 12 th of Charles M ., and the Statute of Frauds-, which had left their impress 7 ery Rtronglj onthe-ltiw » still' rn force . He then deBoribed the Navigation Laws as they now existed . Tbey rested on three statutes—the 8 th and 9 th of Victoria , 0 . 38 , which was now the Bta-tu'e navigation law of ihe kingdom ; the 9 * h and &th of Victoria , c . 19 ; whicS was an not fop tho rogi »* erin ; r ot British vess . ls ; aDd tbe T-th and & h of Victoria , 0 . 112 ; which consolidated tho laws relating to merchant-seamen . Having brif-fly stated the provisions Of theuo nets , to next procicdio atntethe reasons why , in his opinion ,. they ought to bs al'ered . Tho fir * t object of them was tO'secure to oarBelves th « eelonlul trad . ; ; the second , to- securo to ourselves the profit of long voyagos ; and the third , to stcuro
to-our-BPlves-thQ inoirect trade of every country in tho world . Dfovif , ho thought that we could not leava tbo prinuiplts by whioh we strove tocarry out thoso objects without applying to them large and fundamental changed . Ho traced what he called the mischievous results of those proTisioDB of the law which prevented the subjects of thUroahnfrom importing into this country from fitly port in Europe goods tho produco < . ( any country in A » ia ,. Africa , or America , eicapt In British bottoms . Commerce hnd outgrown those regulations ; thry might be all very well formerly , but now , whin the facilities ofcommerce were so mush increased , the resolta oi them could not he otherwiso than disastrous to ourselves . But wo ought not only to consider the mischief which these regulations caused to ourselves - wo ought alt 0 to considt r the trade with other countries which they
absolutely prevented . He thtn adverted to the effect of our provisions to secure to ouraelvts tho indirect or carrying trade to this country . Tho committee , hnnnver , wouW widely mistake the question which it was then ciikd upon to dieid ? , if it suppoiod that it would be able * o rrtain this carrying trade to the esclusion of other countries . The time wis fast appro'ichit-g whtn w * could not bs nbl . ' to trade with ahy foru ' gu nat on on equal terms . Having thus Btatfd to the house what the law was , and having czplainod his reasons for bcllavingtbat wo could not maintain it in its present state conducivelywith our own interests , ho then prososod to explain the alterations which ha proposed to make in it . Beginning with those partBof the &jstom whieh ho did not proin . 'e to altt > r , ho oh'erved , that it was not hiB inoHtion torecommend any material alteration in the law affectin ; the
coastinif trade of the country , although he was convinced that if tbut trade weru thrown opin to f . irciiners is wou'd profluco no evil , so sufficiently was that trado protected by it 3 own nature . Nutlur di-. i ho inti-nd to propose any alterations in the laws which restricted our fiaheriei to Btiiifh VBselB . Having made tbeBO tnw reserva'ionB , he proposed to deal in a very large nnd general manner with the renaaipder of tho Bjati-m of our navigation laws . H-. viog looked into that part cf our systtm which prevmttd the introduction into ^) , e V lited Kingdom of tbo produce of Asia , Africa , aud America , from any port of Europe , ar . d into that part of it which protected our carrying trade , he was convincod that we had no roal interest in maintaining cither with respect to those countries vsbieh were ii-cliurd to reciprocate with m . Ho therefore proposed by act cf
parliament to striko from tbe statute-nook bo' -h ihou reeulationt ) . He advised tho bouse , however , noc to deprive the Q'leon in Council of that power which she had alwajs hitherto possessed , of imposing countervailing duties on am foreigu nation which tr-ateil our shipping with Injustice . Such were the tiewe of Her M je 3 ty ' s goTernmrnt as to tho navigation laws , properly so called . II « t ' aon called attention to tho ennctmcnt 9 whieh regulated the churactor of British viseelfl . In exposing the British shipowner to unrestrictei competition with tho shipown-r of evtrj part of the world , wo ought to afford him ovtrj facility to obtain his ship at the cheap : st rate . He therefore proponed to enact , that it stiouM not be mcisnury that bin ship should be British built . He also proposed that a ship built by a British subject abroad shoull bo eulitlod to
British reghtry . With rtppect to monnin ? , he proposed to leave It still nec < -Bflflry that in Briiish vessi-li employed iu tho coasting trade the crew should all be British sea . men . In British vessels engaged in tbe foreign tra ^ e he rrq lircd that tbrecfourthB of the crew ehr u d Rtill be British aeamm nnd onlyouc-feurth foreign-rs . Ilenlso proposed to admit Liecars to the chur ' acter cf Uritish stamen—a privilege to which they were entitled hy tbeir g n 4 conduct , their skill , nnd tbeir fi k'lity . He also proposed to take awny the necessity imposed ou the British Bh powner of takicg npprentices . The operation of tho spprentico system was inconvenimt ami burdensome on the shipowner . The law required thatona-B ^ x h part of the crew Bhould consist of iipprcntici bo \? , nnd bj so doing created a glut iu the labour ir . aikst , and ro drfvo the ablu bodied seanun otttef our own mercantile navy into that of Ssviden or Amtrica . Ha abrogated eHtir > rly tho prepetit law . A * to the coaBtiig trjdi ot the C' ^ lon ' ci , he propnsetj to reserrels to the clouics , as be had doae to tbe mother country . He should leav ^ , how .
evu \ to tnch colony , if it thought fit , to throw open its coasting Irndo by an act of the colonial legislature . Such we'e tho outlines of : hc measure wLinh he now f-utmitteij to the consideration of parliament , and which , aNr full and mature cousideration , ho desmid to beeouducivo to the great in'ereBtB of ihe country . While tie character of British seamen for handling their ships stood a » high asevir , ytt , owing to ' . he incapacity and want oMntellipence on tbe part of the master * of British vessels , snd it w » 3 even statod owin | J to theft * low system of Uioralily and imperfect disci ^ lin * , British ships nere f ^ st losing their character in iho commercial market of ihe world , Theconsiq'uuce was , that merchants trustoil tlieir car . gOL-s to thiiships of America , and Bremen , an'l Sivedtn , rather than to V >* «! -ips of England , and the house and tho government nere bouad to prrvide a remed y r . itbouf d > hy for so painful and dcploruble a state of things , H ¦ proposed duiing the present session to introduce two bills for the benefit of tbe shipping intere . ' t—one , to ain-cd thesysttm of light dutka , and another to regulate
tho merchantuenmen ' a fund . A t-rn co ' Vdr 5 ' ; tioiiii ) volvii !? qusations and expLnationB as regards the proposed p ' . av , Mr RuUissos ro « t in opp-si ion to tho motion , and wrs followed hy Lord G . Bentinck JlrHENLET Mr Hudson , and Lord Inoestre . Tho sprnki'rs in favour of tbo propo « ed plan weru Mr Hosie , Mr J . L . Ricakdo , and Mr Mitcheli . C-iptain Haebis inovsd tbo posrponcme ^ t of tfco suhjfCt ' for afortuight , by wbich time tho committoa of the IInusc of Lords , sitting upoa tho surject , would havo ruported , This proposition was opposed by Mr Labouciiebe , and , afkr some converoatiou , on a maticn to that tffect , tho chairman ripnittd pro ^ rtss , iind tfce housu rcaumtd . Cujvtai . i Harris then moved the adjournment of the debate for a fortnight , the fcousa dividing : —Ayts , 2 S ; EOes , C 2 : majority ugains ; tho uioticn , 3 t .
Col . Sibthoup moved the adjou ^ nmtnt of tha bouse , wbich proposition was lost by a majori'y of S 7 ; the HumbersC 3-o 2 G . Tl'e p'rioin * which the fcouso should jointocimmittoc , « ifh a vi-w to < he reminip ' . irn of > ha debate , ftm again discussed , Mr LiBorjcnEaE intimating tha * . the nou < e k ) : ou 1 i 1 stund on the pap-r lor Thursday , whoa Lord John Russell would intimate the day on which the subject ehould be renewed . The house adjanrntd at a q ; &rter to two o ' clock . TUESDAY , Apaa 1 G . HOUSE OF LORDS . —Pensions to Sp . » n := h Eepug £ E 3 . —The olniquU 01 L'ND NDEaBY , iu Bubmitiinx n ruoiion relative to pensioaa paiti to Spanish r . fugeea in this coun'ry , aestrted his beiief that £ 20 , 000 a year at iensi was paid to thts . recipients , and moved for a lilt of tbeir names , and of the sums paid to each .
The Marquis of LansD wse stated that th » ntmost amount p : ii-J in any one yoar wnp £ 18 , 000 , in 1 S ' . ' 3 ; but siiico th-t period fstre hart b ? en a gradual decreuao , until the r . raoun ; had rtachedfl 77 " , tbe number of ricipienta having at one piT ofi been 300 , but which had pow decreaBtd to 5 G . He was desirous oSroeainj the wishes of tho nsHumurquiaas fur ss possible , but tjust dhf would not insist uprn the n ^ uies if tho parties being givtn , as that nqu'st con'd not be cincfnled . Tfce Du !; o cf Wellisotom cbserveiS that tho amount small bh It hn « i no < v beromi ' j , waa ^ 'ivm in chariy to indiviiluals wholnd perform ^ service to tho Bruish army in the time of nocd , and tie pensions were i ; ot irivta oa nn » political or other ground wha'cvjr , Ha trust'il the num b of those tectlvicg aid weuld not bo puli ' . UJied , a « ninny of them might eventually riturn to tluir o « n country . Tho Vtarquis of L' ndondekut then al'erid tho form > t his ra jtkn C 8 3 \) gKeat > . d , dn . l wit'mJrtw anothtr rclaiive tl pRi . iflh aft ' alrs , the Kov .-rmrcnt , aiid Mr Bulwrv .
'rhe Communft' ameudnnr . tB to the R . -inovnl r . f Aliens P ill were considered And ngreed to , the Poorhous-e ^ Ire ! nw 3 ) B . li read a eecor . d tiai e , and Ihtir lordships adjournt il , IIOU ? E OF COMMONS . —A new wiit wns ordered to bs is-uid for Yotk in the room of the late Mr K , Voili ^ . , Lotd 6 , Behtisck gave notice of a motion forraturQJ ,
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with the object of ghOffi « K t' > e < ffVctBor F ee Tmdo OK poor rat > 8 , tbe price of bread , the rate of wages , < fee . CaTHEPJUI . AND CoM . EOUTE CHCRCHI 8 . —Mr HoSBMilT rose to move t ! wt . % n humble » rld'e . « sb » presented to h « r Majas y . praying . tba- 9 he will be grjcioonlj pleased to dlrecS an iaqufr / to ba m » de into tbo state of our cathedral on 3 collegiate churehes , wiih a vi ^ vr of af > c < rtainirii { whether they msy not be rendered moro conduclre fO tin' BerFice * of the Church and the spiritual Instruction of tbe ppoplo . Ho said he should not attempt tn » bow bow far iheoe ei ~ tabliahmen-s had nnswered tbe end of tlieir institution , H « deiired not to describe their nnctmt origin , but their present dtcay . Hi < proponition wan , th « t thev bad been > instituted and eetfrwid . f « r rclUiou ! " purposes ; and that , though for s rne ecntuMH th » y bad ansntred thelr ^ object , thpy had long erased to do s-j , and had bjpom * enmt-s of tho decay of reiiifinn , th < - injury of the Cliuich , and the inorcpae of diKucnt He could ihow that la
every dioce-e they c nd ? d to weaken , nnd not U > strangthen , thn Cbrwtrunitj of the country . To begins with tho arcbsspiscopftl tee of Canterbury—prcmistnp that he spoka of the fegil , and not ( ho actual atate of tbin- , 'd , for * Hianj < "xi « tinu abase * had been progpectlvely prnvirltd ui ? ain » t l ) y tbe ivgiRlature , In that seethe s'allB had ' r / t * n reduced to sixty , nn 4 tho incoMD wan £ 20 , 000 , of which £ 8 , 080 were ( Mvinid among : tho Chapter , th < - Dt-nn hnving two nhnres ; and , inaddi * : tion to this , eich Canoa might hold a livinir with bi » 'dtRll . thu ? addinir £ 5 ' 000 'to the inieme of the Chapter . IThcro w «» , moreover , an extrusive and expensive eSTfl — bliahmrnt at « ach esthedrnf ; precentor' , vfcRrs choral chorisurs , libnrians . &c . Thequfation » o b ? a * ked < vasr what wan all thh for ! What were th » daties performtd or 'he ndv-intitrcs derived ? ' It was notorious oii'i ro ' lnnclolTthnttho 3 eestPbli 9 btnen-8 'xi » t ( -donly for then-tunE extinction of rclijfIon in theirrrsp ? ctive distrieto . WVat Vafl pr ivii'e ^ fnr the ronen pinion—no much heins : provHed or tho clirgy . In Cuntrrbury there were
rathedrnl SHrvlce'per ormod by the Chapter and the catrerlrtl ostablinhnif ntn , snd the perochial service pf ri ' crmedr bj ) o ! or (» yprinclp ! illyinthopatmnaKfloftheChaptT How , aa to the fornrr , oni ; main reason for thu presi rvattoaof thes « psfaHiFhments was thp ma ' nt .-nor . nfl » f da ly ref » vi « cin all Its beaatj and aolf-mnlty . But tbe mode ia wbirh - he service * were p . rforined br ught not » " }¦ crer'itt on thr Church , nor very numerous « u . l'enoe « tothe ca'hedml . In Can'orhurj cathedral (•« moat fnvoura h \ v instance J the attendance hardly eq'iall ^ d iho number of those officially engaged in t 1 " - performance of the » eiT cs . Id Durham , » ha furctionrioR preiient on on « day were thirty , and the audienc" ) onlj four . So at York , Peterborough , Wells , Carlisle , Roch-ster , » nd cr ^ r . Ox ^ rd , similar resultB had teen obtait . ed . Thtr ? was i-o u uuS rerurn , therefore , for these rstablishmrBis no richly entlowed Ttic Sunday services were not materially different . ItwouM be Ruppo 6 ed that , if in nwy places the Bfrricoa > 4 tho Church were appropriitr ly performed and ndiquatfcly appr . eiatad , it svould bu in cathodrnl ( itie « ; but thp reverie wan tho fact : for it ntm thn rule , that
in prop-rtK-n t < - th- rittn-as of the Chapt .-rd . wan the povprty of the parochial cleriry . In C > ntpr ? U'V . out of fifteen pariah church s , only one had a ol- rtryman ? up » ported l-ylaT ; all iho rest were sustain * d bv tohiii ' -ary oontrihut ons . Indcd , tbpe ' ergy of that ci'y h : id presontort a memorial to the Eoclesinstlca ! Com '" i- <« ioners t praying for somi provision from the incrmes of Fop » prt BRi . d htalls Yet that memorial TtAflonefclc as it vra 8 p hmi boon njfcttd , thoueli not ono cf th ' -clirjj li : irl £ 200 nnd several had rot £ 100 a , ye-r . The who'o fiumber of persons attending rfivine ctrvice in iht chtircfe * of Canterbury last Sunday were 5 700 ; thos u ottenrtiwi ? in Dissentinj ; chapel * 4 8-10 ; though accommodation in tha farmer Ha ? for 8 , 0 fl 0 , and in tho lattir lr on !) 3 8 'i 9 . There na « « ils « anothir important point . Dr Chilmrrs said , if vow wish to Christianise th « man , o ^ tioti . the
ch ld- ; and « hilp , in Cintirbury , thero wcr C 50 chiinrcn instructed in he Sunday pcho U of the Church there ) wro SiO instructed in the ochrols of D jsent . All this wf > 8 fasi ! y nci'nunted f . > r . It would beexp-erid that in thi'cburcbeaofsuch a city tho services « v- ul-- be well and » fBc tn'ly perform ^ ; tut she fact was hnrdly ftny of tho chu'chca had more than onenervico on ill ? Sunday * These facts showed the letlierpy of the CSurch , nnd ho believed that moro was to be spjiriheniled fn mthc concralmr-nt than the disclosure of the trnih . Still less care was taktn by the Chapter of the * rur jI parishes entrusted to thetrcare , in few of nh ' cb there wrre re » f » rtent clergy , Church schoola , or regular Punrfay s « tvicpB . Nor was the case better withr ^ spict to tho chariliee oF tho Church . Ia Canterbury , for instoncp , the poor v > cr » defraud . 'd of thebeneC" of a most bmevolentchari v . tha
' Society nf Poor Brethren . ' The Archd » acon , who hsd the r ' ght f > f rioniinafinn , bad nbu « f A it \> y r jipiying It ia favour ofrffpendcndentparishlon'M and fervnnta of his own , N ^ y , ono of the richpst mtn in the city , n . 'me < J Auston , had been nominated Prior of tbe ' Po-r Unthren . ' ( Alaush . ) Mrs Auitenhad been mado a 'poor oister—( Inuehter)—and Miss AuB ' en another ' poor sister , ( Loud laughter . ) Nor was thiR all . A ) Prior , Mr Austen had t ^ e control of the property , r . nd k-t it to one of his sons—nheth « rf-. T a small rent or no rent nnno Ciin tell ; but Ml the city was scnndalije'i ry tho flicrsnt transaction . Tho Archdeacon who thus dealt with tbi » eacred trust—t ' -e nlron brqueathei for tht support of poor and flreayrd mon—had not lo « s than £ 3 200 h yenr from various sources . He would now go to Lincoln ^ vhere t '^ e Chnpter of four divided an income of upwards
of £ G , 000 . Here , howerer , the Co ^ 'raisfliiir . fis bad nat made ary renuctio \ VnthadaHd d anotl-. er stall , anil l * ft the Chapter uncontrpllsii , witVout any rcfi ' riciion B 9 to the application of any future incretno of its ineoire This prlnc ple could nowhere bo - * o impropr bs in tha casa of Lincoln , for the Ctnptor had forrnorly represrn ted thtir income as likely to dimiuiith , whrreas it bad increased , and pach C inon rfccived not less than £ 2 000 n ytar , inclusive of hi * lirini ? . What wer « tlio duties pptf 'mii-d for such inci mes ? He had uev rbftB ahie to discover . In unjwer to inquiries fiom the commisBionflrs , the Deiin had answfred that bis duties wire 4 the usunl iluti-s of a Di-an' —( A lau ? h ) and tho Mib-Dean had said 'his doty wru to ns * i « t the Duun '< M Lsughtc )—while the Canons liad unisivered intlie same nay as the Dean , h was wir h while mentioning that
in Cante bury , the Chapter maintained thnt twelve was the proper number of Canonn ; vrhtreas in Lincoln , the Cinptor had as strenuously protistpd opain » t or . j- Increase of thf-jr cumber , from nn obvious oV-jvction to tbe ) diminution ot their incomes which tvouM r « a't Ircru a division of it amoag n grater number . Within a circumfrrpnro of tm or twelve ir . ilta of Lincoln wers seventy fiva p . iriBht-s , h » v ng amon ); at them only thirty resilient incumbents , and twelve resilient curates—in nit forty-two cltrgjmtn for Bpventj-fivi < parishes . N- > les * thnn thirty-f . jurhnd no cl . rpjmfin of tiny kin 1 , ris ' flwne within thflr bounds ; in eight cases tbo < fiVatinf clergyman was resident in L r . roln , either in const q > i * nee ofooanect ^ on with th-i cnthe ^ ral , or some oth . r e : iuse '
and in iivcnty . tno c « ses the minister wUo < fiiciatcd oi » 5 unr ] , ij < resided in some moreorle « 9 diatnnt pariah . Oi the Bev ntj-fivc , forty four wire hold in pluralitj ; o £ the s . ventj . fivt > , for'j . fivj were held hy nnn . resi * dents ; of tlie seventy . firo , forty-two wrro without par » eor . agc-bousea ; of the seventy five , there vtero ra r » than silty In rrhlchthira was inly oiu > crvlflG oa a Suntlay . Tho woik ' ng clergy in these parisVes fiono . rally mffered Bivpre privations , and two if the « had actually died of starvation . To sV . ow the laborious n . Ttaro of tho duties impomd upon ihe wotk ng cl-rgy , bowould rend to the hi-uso a communication whieh lie had received , tnA wbich eoatxlmd a staiitncat token from the mouth of a dirpynan : —
"T ^ errctor a rich living , sixteen mil : * off , baa taktn his family to the water side . He feeds bis urcoai to our frifnd tho para n lo know if be can ' take h : » duty at hnlf-pnst ten oVKik next Punony murning . Our friend Bnya * No , ' ho is engngrd ot tint hour , hut ha will take it at tweivo o ' clock . Thero b , in * do ono tUe > at hand , twelve oVlouk is fixed ncoordini ; ly , in' tie riiatantparishioniM of the rich rector , wlo enme to thtr Church at the udual hour , find to their surpr ' f- - that tb > y havo to wait an hour and ' 1 reequarHrabefort t ^ osaviio begins . Well at Ii . ilf . paet ttnii o ' clooli on th * S- > m '* y morning the parson , leaving bU o « n parish , canti rn i if " on the pony to do duty sixtem milis av \ uv at a litdei church of which b 3 is curate . This service bejjin- at ten o ' clock , ro he gets through it pretty quick , giv . sa Bbcrt 6 ermnn , nnd gets it o- 'er by t ^ ctity minutes to
twelve o ' clock , just in time to do , ! -y fi . st ri ^ ini ? , the three mile * that ore ncces-isry to liinx l . ' m tii ( he abscnteo incumbent ' s church . The servico tlitro is got through as rapidly an thn oth . r , and thtn catehing ttio poor pony , « ho hod b ? on nibbling in tho chun-hjarol whilst his mufter whb prenobing , away th . y pa'lop tifiem ml ' oj across th (? country to a village where the irenmbent is ill and also wants assistance . Uvre the aervica commences at three u ' cIocS , on < l ini'j ^ usi mrw in tiir . o . It is only a ha ; f s rrice , the r « ct .. > r not ajtrerini ? with the bishop as to tbo absolute necessity of two f « r ; no ! is a day . Ten mihs are to b ¦ ¦ yoi > B over to g t home 1 'oiiy is pretty tired , but at mils it liken wir-hors < -. On tiny get to their owb pnris . ' i cbnrcJi , wh > re lliere is a small rungrruation waiting to see if' Tarpon will gtvu ' em 'ere a service . ' Tbt * m » ltcs bis fourth , and he is prettj tired of
' Dearly bMoreil brt-thrtn * when ho has got to the end p f if . ' This , ' saiil a eleigymiin of tho n ^ ighbourhnod ot Lincoln lomo . ' thia Jdiil rLjht Sundnys ruminsin tho dog days , ' ' But I&sre done s ma hnrtier woik then that , ' said he . ' Sun } j , never ! ' 1 osclaimed . ' I asfiuie you I have ; one * nhen M , who is vtr > fond of fhootinz , hod gone to thn nionrg , nnd hia in i ^ l-hfurC bflti j ^ one to tho Vsee . J-. hn K ~ " u tro'h < r < . ' led . Ha sent tame toRsHM I poulri tnH ^ Ms dt-. ty . I ropHid that it « oa 8 luipossiSde , « Mo ; tj-r , Sii-. ' wij . l iis SfWllllt . ' will b * v * ry sorry to brnr th » t , fur h « is « oil'y cci-fustd ^ vhftt to . ]<> . ' 'Wo : ] , ' Biiid I , lo ! l him if l' « ni ! l " ^ ae one i f hi- \ fcun era ( lie i . i n famous tpiirtrinan ) to meet mo in Lincoln , I'll ' ny t . ) i - -- ! i « Ms strvinn r . t mv in the ^ Ti-r . ' ng * I stancJ Jitiig' )' . in l > ¦ = n r . rnit-p , -. r . A ro n t ., M - fiftn-n m ' -leS S VVlflO flt Ilf . lt pi'Sf J H
o ' clock . M hat > t « oc ! 1 urch .- 'F , ; : nil it is tiw . imhs ii > the second , but I wona |» 'd to tultfi thar . nt ' nc o ' clock . C ' i p-irish was line t ; r ( ff . Tiiat duty 11 ot ovi-r by ha i . pa « tiliree o ' clock . Th . n to Li-coin ob \ mril oa t could gallop P . ¦ un .-l a fpl r . rfiii iM-vv wa ' iin ^ ' nir . Fut my ov . " pony into tho cta ! -: c , i-nd k-I'oi i ! t u r-IVa tu John K ' a cbu-ch , » hii-h I r-i-c > - ' . il hy s x o ' clock . This 1 cJiitinuetl t . uiof . r t ) rn-Suiu ' .-jB In iiiv nu . n'li of Augu-t , :: uJ , to m . Ue rr . ntt' . rs worsx , on »> r . e ol tin 80 dsjalivhs overtaken nn > l I ' . nnchcd i ) jr nn eu : u : RiiaI thunder-sJoim . " - .. _ . _ IU lirmly bt-lievci that tor 'UgliMt ( bn pocitry rr , t cne r fl .. c : ing <•!• . r ^ ym-ui f ., ilf ~ d toihplorj t >> i « i ^ itiy ( ii : hii ( rs , T : i « cl'archis in l . ir . ioln , icr irst ; irco , \ u-ri ?| pooiWecay-. l , ¦ U ' -. j-Uati-rt eciific . 'i , & =. I ' ll ftrv . tl bk ot ci-i- 'i ^ bUry . The hgh ' . st inconio of ncy of thn ckr ^ y was ^ lCft a yeqf i and tbe ( iggrcgite fef tbe iococitj of- t . t < j >;\ \ :
Poetrf^
poetrf ^
Untitled Article
THE MIDDLE CLASS MOVEMENT . The Rules and Objkcts cf thk Mktropolitan Political Club . —At a meeting of the friends ot Liberty , Order , and Peace , held nt 9-i , Ward urstreet , on Thurfdiy , April 20 th , 1848 , Mr Charles J . Smith in tha chair . An address , masked No . 2 . was adopted , and ordered to be printed for general distribution . The following rule 9 and regulations were then read and adopted : — 1 Ttntthistissici'ition bo denominated tho' Metropolitan Political Club , ' and consist of nil persona fa . vourable to the bdvaucetaent of useful nnd practical reform i " , 2 . —That tho 88 B 0 cintion be governed by a president , vice-presidents , an executive committed , and a general council , secretary , or sccrotaiies , elected annually by tho merabtrs convened for that especial purpose .
Fimpmai Uaruaraent
fimpmai uaruaraent
Untitled Article
May 20 , 1848 . T HE NORTHERN STAR .. 3
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 20, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1471/page/3/
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