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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE LABOUR QUESTION AND THE LONDON POOR LAW GUARDIANS . Sir , —Poverty , we say , is no disgrace ; but idleness and vagrancy arevicss that admit of no defence . Idleness is a ncc- ' ulnlraent of duty-the duty of Labour ; vagrancy , a breaking up of localisation , and destructive to citizenship . How mdiy legislators seize upon man ' s appreciation of moral worth , to accomplish some pet measure—making pulpit , press , and committee , the alembic through which to distil t&eir ssts ° f opinions ; declaring , with marked solemnity , that the benefit of the state—the tme interests of morality—require and justify the muhs to which thev resort .
An admirer of the New Poor Law has sent me a letter laudatory of the system , filled with , assertions about the people b- ing idle , profligate and God knows what else ; and , like most of the school , he favours me with an extract from a Blue Book , lately published , consisting of reports from the Poor Law inspectors , in which it appears that the guardians of the City of London Union show that the number of tramps relieved in 1839 was 356 ; in 1840 , they had increased to 2 . 403 ; in 1841 , to 11 , 203 ; in 1842 , to 26 , 713 ; in 1843 , to 43 , 575 ;
and in 1847 they numbered 41 , 743 . I think my friend ' s letter of no particular value ; but the report of these honest men—the London Poor Law Guardians—is public property . Yfhy have these worthies —the guardians of the poor—omitted the years 1844 , 1845 , and 1846 from their report ? Reader , dost ttoa know the mode of catching gulls ? If not I ¦ will inform thee . ' The years omitted were years of -commercial activity , and come under the denomination of what is called BRISK TBABB—the people were more generally employed . Railway speculations and other industrial causes found increased
¦ employment for our labourers ; and the return of these years would show a decrease of pauperism as ¦ compared with yean quoted , and prove that workmen were only idle vagrants when they had no means of being industrious citizens ; and that they preferred work to want ; and vagrancy rather than starvation , and its consequence—premature DEATH . The Poor Law authorities have been most industrious in calling-the attention of the ratepayers of this metropolis ; district meetings hare been held ,
and every preliminary step taken to ' put down vagrancy , ' and which in due time is intended to affect public opinion , and pave the way for more stringent legislative measures , the end of which will be that erery poor man who asks for bread , when hungry and out of employment , will be sentenced by a Christian magistrate to solitary confinement and hard labour in the county Houses of Carreciion ; and this too . with an intent to save the pockets of the propertied classes in a land where his labour has created property .
It is impossible to estimate the injury done by -Buch statistical information—if these returns are made on oath—by men sworn to speak the truth— 'So help me God , ' I know not what to think of them—or the system that requires to be so supported . ; The facts no doubt are correct , as stated , but the evidence is not fairly given ; and if false impressions are made , because of the omission of facts , purposely . kept back , with intent to produce impressions not warranted , if the whole facts were given , the public are deceived - —the members of the House , of Commons are deceived—false and injurious legislation follows , and the eril spreads in illimitable cycles , . knowing no limit either in the present or future relations of -society .
It is the evident intention of a number of ignorant and mischievous men , who either want the ability or the will to grapple with causes—men rich in all the pomp and circumstance of wealth , and poor in thought and humanity—to starve the poor out of the land of their birth . With such an intention—how idle and foolish is all this cry of sanitar reform , preventatives for cholera , wash and bath-houses , model lodging houses , hospitals , medical attendance for the poor ,
&c If the poor must be starved to death , why not systemise the means to be adopted ? Let the misnamed guardians publish a proclamation , headed Death Made East , recommend suicide generally , ¦ and let the medical faculty , who are so patient and industrious in their labours to remedy disease and prevent death , at once resolve to devise poisons . If we desire to kill a dog , we do not starve him , we drown the animal , or destroy Me by administering prussic acid . Surely men demand as much humanity at the hands of their governors .
We profess to he shocked at the barbarity of cur forefathers , and talk of the cruelty of the rack and Stake . We call our Chinese brethren foolish , because they cramp the feet of their women is iron shoes , and necessitate them to hobble about on cratches ; but is there any parallel to be found in the history Of the past or the ignorance of present generations , to equal the absurdities of legislators ? Is there anything more cruel than death from want ? England Is cursed with . something more to be feared than an iron shoe—she has the absurdity of plethoric plenty and lean pauperism . The land and rivers , stone * quarries , coal mine ? , and accumulated property , are possessed by a few , who insolently talk of throwing
the poor on their own resources , and see no other remedy for pauperism , but cruelty supported by falsehood . Silly men , they will cause their own destruction . A great author , who had studied nature and God , writes , ' For myself , I swear , by all laws human and divine , by the laws of the human heart , that the hypocrite aad deceiver shall be themselves deceived ; the unjust man shall perish in his rapacity , and the tyrant in his usurpation ; the sun shall change its course , before folly shall prevail over wisdom and science ; before stupidity shall surpass prudence in the delicate art of procuring to man his true enjoyment , and of building his happiness upon a solid foundation . ' Samuel Ktdd .
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Ckm v . Saxojc . —The Irish Jffue and Cry iaain-. tains its character . Mr Creig has lost a horse with ! 'a white star oh his forehead , which is very badly I shod . Patrick Quinn' has brown eyes which lost the toes off the ri ght foot ;' and John White has . * grey eyes which wore a fustian jacket . ' Freaks of Atfkctioh . —A bitch belonging to a firmer at Cuckney , Notts , lat ely found a young wild rabbit , and carried it home to her kennel , where she tended it , to the exclusion of her own puppies , until at last she kill * J her fosterling by overlaying it , and she then re-transferred her maternal attentions to her own offspring . A letter from VanDiemen ' s Land mentions dreadful losses amongst sheep from the catarrh , One gentleman has lost it is said 20 , 000 sheep , another 19 , 000 , and severe ! from 10 , 000 to 15 , 000 each .
An Awkward Stop . —A short time since , the inhabitants of a city in the west of England were alarmed and terrified by the following notice inscribed on the front of a newly-fitted-up house : — « Mrs M . jleals in all sorts of ladies . ' For two days the question everywhere through the town was , 'Who is Mrs M . ? What business can she contemplate following ?' As a matter of course , the worst construction was put upon Mrs M . ' s intended business . The third morning , however , unravelled the mystery . The painter , who had b ? en suddenl y attacked with a severe fit of the gout , returned and finished his work by adding to the previous inscri ption the words , * and gentlemen ' s wearing apparel . '
Political Gem . —Keader , did it ever occur to you that when the glorious dawn of the millenium shall hurst for th upon your astonished vision ; when the pillars of the earth shall be upheaved and creation shall rock upon its broad basis ; when the stars shall shoot madl y from their spheres , ' and when yon orb of day , as he rolls on in bis meridian splendour , shall involve the nations of the earth in one general conflagration—we say , did it ever occur to you that , amid this « wreck of matter and this crash of worlds '—when Heaven ' s last thunder shall shake tfcs sublunary sphere-that you can smile undismayed o ' er the ruins , consoled by the pleasing reflection that yon once , voted far Cass and Butler ? —Mississippi Paper . m
- Fhkz Bath * and WA = n-iIora « 8 . —On Monday the committee made a npecial report , accompanied ' bj an appeal for assistance , in support of the institution m G las shouse Yard East Smithfie'd , for promoiin ? chan'iatsa amonjjst the poor by baths , waih-hnn ea . and cleansing and purifying tlisir dweltote , w « noat a fanning of expense to tkose who resort ro » £ adran ' sg « S' Darin * tte last twelve mo n « !»^; 50 5 hld bathed « 34 . 843 washed and d-kd ; and K , 61 lrhad ironed ; Tee receipts of the Baths lind Wash h « a £ 8 « for tho past year were £ 294 Si . whilst the exoendhore amounted to £ 86 ? 53 lid Alkgsd fira asb SfuBDEB .-Oa Tuesday an SK Tn . v - t ? i ^ g ^ w-the . East , on the bsdyof Catherine LinBdale . aged ten years , who died , it u suppoted , from the VffJcL of a J&JI ™
ier b ? a s « lor . or in c ai quence of the violation of the drag . The infant was adjourned in order tbat ttapMowj ^ nto oUeath . ^ yit be ascertained by a pvt mortem ewmmaiiop . The monster who timi ilUtt ^ t ad toepow priurtpreiMtSoro ^ 88
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CHARTIST ORGANISATION . * IMPORTANT MEETING . On Friday evening , November 2 nd , an important meeting of leading Chartists , who were attending the Land Conference , was holden at the Ship Inn , Steelhonse Lane . Mr Sweet was elected Chairman , and Mr Wheelhr appointed Secretary . Mr Linnet ( Bilston ) , held the Land Plan dear to his heart , bnt the Charter was still dearer . He bad suggested to Mr Kydd , as their official agent , the propriety of endeavouring to ascertain the feelings of the delegates present in reference to the Chartist jpvemeut . He pasted a high eulogium on Mr Kydd , and trusted that however they mi ght differ in opinion , they would not differ in heart .
Mr Kydd ( London ) said , that in accordance with his own feelings and the wish of several friends , h « had taken advantage of this meeting of friends , representing the mind . of the country , as to the best system of placing the Charter agitation on a firm bas ' s . The present had been a year remarkable for revolutions abroad , and for prosecutions in this country . The exciting events abroad had brought many democrats to hasty conclusions ; they thought that the day had arrived for the establishment of the People ' s Charter , but experience had taught them that the time had not yet arrived . Chartism had retrograded , and some of their best men , men who had struggled far years , were in prison . But were
they to abandon the cause , and give up the ghost , and leave the field of agitation to other parties ? He did not want them to build up a character for prudence or the errors of other men , He wished to lay before them the state of theExecutive . He might be said to be the onl y acting member of that body . Messrs Jones and M'Douall , were in prison ; the atate of the funds compelled Mr M'Crae to return to Scotland ; and Mr O'Connor was so occupied , that he could not devote much of his time to his duty , as a member of the Executive ; the funds were low but they were not bankrupt . He had made it a law that the expenditure should net exceed the income , and the only debts incurred , were to
themselves for salary . Mrs Jones and Mrs M Douall had received a share of their husbands' salary ; and he said without egotism , that he had paid them when he bad gone without salary himself , and should long since have resigned had he not been devoted to the cause . The grand object for them was to lay down their future policy . The Attorney General had declared their present organisation illegal ; he advised that they should fall ! back upon the old plan ; he dii not expect that at present they would make much headway , but they would form a firm nucleus for future operations ; there might be a speedy change in the ministry which would again call their energies into action ]; he knew that they would never consent to give up ; the
movement , oul Chartism was essentially practical . They bad passed resolutions sufficient to change the character of every government in both hemispheres , and they must carry their resolutions into effect in their respective localities . In regard to ! the policy to be adopted towards other parties , ! he trusted they would not offer them unnecessary j opposition . Chartism , was a grand and expanding principle , embracing all parties ; * they must be true to themselves , attend public meetings , and give reasons for their opinions , but reason must be their only weapons . In England , reason would be sure ultimately to succeed ; however unequal and unjust the state of society in this country , nowhere else had a free ex pression of public opinion such unlimited sway .
. Mr O'Bribn ( Cheltenham ) , moved , — < That they fall back upon the original organisation . ' On his return home he should visit all the branches in his district to promote its realisation . j Mr Sherrisgton ( Glasgow ) , seconded the reso lution . He was instructed from Glasgow to do so . They had lately adopted the new plan , but it had proved a failure , and they were now falling back upon . local agitatioD , which in his opinion wasted their funds , and frittered away their unity of purpose . The present meeting would save the ex . penseof a Convention . If they agreed to fall back upon the old organisation ; he knew that they would rally around it in Scotland .
Mr Clabk saw , from the constitution of the Conference , that many of its members were well acquainted with the working of the Chartist movement , and was pleased that steps had been takea to collect their views . As a member of the old Executive , he referred with pride to his conduct and that of his colleagues , during thelate exciting times . Prior to the 10 th of April they were a powerful and popular party , and if the recommendations of the old Executive had been attended to , they would not have bad to meet that nig ht to deplore their disorganisation . He had watched the ceurse of the
movement for many years , and he always found that it had been more injured by the unwise conduct of its friends , than by the measures of its opponents . The only way by which they could succeed , would be by repudiating all ideas of violence . He entirely coincided in the views laid down by Mr Kydd ; they should conciliate all patties , and make war oh none , trusting to the universality of their principles . If this were acted upon , Chartism could again be rallied , the country had confidence in the friends present , and would , he doubted not , act upon their decision .
Mr Ktdd eulogised the conduct of the late Executive during an excited time , and stated , that he had ever received their aid and advice . If , during their period of office , they had not done all that they might have done , they at leas * had done all that their means allowed . Mr White ( Leamington ) , trusted that while they agreed to fall back upon the old agitation , they would throw no odium on those brave men now in prison ; he would give his support , pecuniary and otherwise , again to start Chartism . Mr Beat-he ( Minster Lovel ) , trusted that nothing would be said that would revive the question of moral or physical force , or injure the feelings of any man .: Mr Skbvington ( Loughborough ) gave a cheering account of Chartism in his district .
Mr Mitch FXL ( Rochdale ) , being a member of the late Assembly , felt confident that their conduct had murdered Chartism . He was proud they were going to fall back on their old organisation . From the dajs of ThUtlewood to the present , he had been connected with the movement , and wa 3 convinced that nothing could ever be gained by secret conspiracy . Those who h ^ ftflw vic tims were brave and worthy men . Mr Dotle felt proud to see the kindly and unanimous feeling manifested . He would not refer to
past events , they must forget the faults aud errors of the past , and steer clear of them in future . The majority of those meu were honest and sincere , but they were led away by designing men . They must now re-organise the movement , and prove to all classes that they sought not the lives or property of other , men , but demanded protection for their own . Let the friends present carry the feelings manifested that night into tbeir respective localities ; let them promulgate the moral peaceful measures pror pounded by th ? old organisation , and they would raise the cause to its former high position .
Mr-Wells ( Maidstone ) , disapproved of the conduct of many members of the Chartist body , but still loved and advocated the cause . He would endeavour to again raise the Chartist standard in Kent . . . Mr S 0 OTHWORTH ( Burnley ) . —They had much to regret in the past , but these were not the times to find fault . He had sailed in the Chartist barque in pleasant and in stormy weather ; he had been often wrecked , but would stisk to the wreck while a log was left . The same causes which led to the late events might again aiise . He believed there was sufficient mind in the country to carry out their views without force or violence , if that mind was properly organised and directed .
Mr P . M'Gb&th was proud to see the right feeling exhibited . Many friends said that this was nstt the time to find fault . He didfnot exactly agree with this , they must have a vivid conception of past faults in order not to commit similar errors . If wisdom and common fien-. e had guided their counsels sines the 10 th . of April , they would have been in . a far d-fferent p * itioa . Since then all had been one ' waste b ' ank , ona hu ^ e mnsnim . nt of misfortune . They must look , steadily at the past , ' and avoid the quicka&nds upon which their barque had risen thrown , Violent measure * were nit sailed to the general constitution < , f the Bristlsh mind—they might snii the
hot . ard . in * , en-. nusia ^ tio French character , but were nr > t suited t 3 the cool ca l culating Englishman . No-, thing was more repulsive to a true ' democrat , than shedding ilnb'od of hi 3 fellow conntrvmeii . Their > bjeot ehiu'd be ta lectures , publib meetings , and a proper direction ' . attheir moral power , and by falling back qa ,. a . legal > TB ; em of organisation , to recover that poution whioh they had loft by want of prudence and , coalmen sense . He assured { bent that as long as he lived tae cause should command his humble eervices . .., a Mr Mosrisoh i § inndo % ) . i-When be went'ttfSwindon in 1842 . Chartism was unknown , but now they it *« the oaly moving power in tUt town aadneigu
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bonrhood ; they wen not in » flouruhing * position is they bad been , mm to the dismttil tfouwii bands from the Great Western < Railway Company ; they were , however , attaining conaidtrakbla ^ lit'cal power in tha adjoining borough of gfigUadjB , where they had registered 150 claims , ty vote . ue . 'tru'rSd that the Executive would turn their attention ta that neighbourhood , and he had no doubt they wjould . be enabled to return one out of the two meinbsra for that borough . They had effeoted much ' good by a j ud jojcua distribution of tracts . : ... ' ¦ .- ' . ' * . ' . Mr Tobwsoioh ( Stookporfc ) , had always supposed that the members « f the Land Plan in thea&rioul- ' tural districts were opposed to Chartism , but he w » j proud to state . that he was now , convinced of
hi-Mr SABSDBB 3 ( BiandfordJ—Hi s heart swelled wHh joy at swing the glorious principles of QhutUGSjBB well reflected tbat evening ; | ther were progressing rapidly in Doraatehire , and had found the dinribo- tion of traotsa most useful auxiliary . He trusted , they wotld turn their attention to the agricultural distriots , and that , on their return home , they would give prao : ic » l proof of their support of the Chartist agitation . . ; . .... j , . . ' ... : : Mr Edwards ( Teignmouth ) r cou ! d not be sileit , when he saw all around breathing raal for the true welfare of the Chartist cause . :: 'He lived in the far west , where , until late ly . Chartism was but littls known ; but if Cornwall and Devon had been as much agitated as the'north of . England , he believed that it wonid be io an equally good pt ^ itian . ' ¦ ' ¦ -
Mr SnrroN ( Manobester ) , assured them thatChartism never occupied s * proud , a position in Manchester as it did in April last . ' They , had adopted the New Organisation chiefly from itB novelty , but it had ni . ver worked . well ; there were too many councilstoo many governing heads—and this , combined with thenumarous arrests , had depressed their spirits and exhausted their funds . -He . moat also oomplain that the Manohester Viotinu' had not received that attention which their . merits , as old Chartists , da manded . He believed there should ba , one general fund given alike to all ; they , were all advooatjng oa « eause . and should be treated as one man .
Mr Turku ( Rotherham and Sheffield ) , felt more pleasure in attending this meeting than . even the one to which he was specially appointed . All ap paired harmony and . union ; the only question was the beit means to resuscitate the cause , and bring it within the oompass of the law . He thought tb » executive should establish . * tract depot in London , and supply the country at the lowest possible prioe . Mr Tatmb ( Aahton ) , wished to point ont the quicksands upon which Chartism had foundered . They wer « in times of exoitement too eager to admit
members regardless of their character ! or condition ; this was the eause why . Ashton had brought disgrace on the oanse ; ona of themeij who was to give evidenee against the Chartists in the Lancashire trials , was the very man whi ' o w » 9 most anxioui to force them into a . physical outbreak .,. He had vritohad the democratic came i from the Blanketo&une movement , the Peterloo massacre , and Reform agitation , until the present tim « , and wa-i cerain that this indiscriminate admission of members was x primary causa of their previous and present misfortunes . . . ; !
Mr Flood ( livercob ) , gave a cheering report of his district ; ... j Mr Yaies ( Potteries ) , JM acted many yeara in the movemsnt , ia bath prosperous and dangerous ' rimes bat he was not disheartened , theyojilr watted a good plan of organisation . The system of classes had always worked welt in the Potteries . ; Mi- Grbkn ( Leicester ) , said they had Buffered muoh in Leicester from upstart Chartism . He perfectly agreed with Mr Taylor , relative to admission of members ; he would rather have a few men of god character fi / mly united , than ft thousand mush * rcom Chartists . It was . not numbers they wanted , but unity and determination of purpose . Prior , to the 10 th of April , they commanded gre ^ t . influence in the Town Cennoil , bat the late / events had gra-itly injured thtm . ¦ . . . ¦ ; .
Mk Judb ( Newoasrte-on-Tyne ) . —They had never been able to carry ( he new organisation into effeoti ye operation , they had therefore falia | back upon the old .. ' ' ' ¦ " •' / 1 Mr Scon ( Lynn , Norfolk ) .-TKe ' yiiad received reports from tn * north , aonth , west / and the ease was alone wanting ; the i pwceedings of that bYening gate him great pleasure , and he should endeavour to again raise Chartism in the east . v ! , Mr Babhbit ( Hull ) , and Mr Nisbexx for ( Northumberland and Darham ) , gave , the result of their practical experience , in favour oi the old organisation . ' ! Mr Millwood ( London ) , as a disciple of Major Cartwright , could not avoid feeling pleasure at seeing this revival of the spirit of Chartism ; , he felt con vinced that his district—Hammersmith , Cneliea , and Kensington—would yes return two Chartist members . " . ¦ .- . i
Mr Muscat ( Northampton ) , gave j a cheering account of the progress of Chartism in the agricultural villages of Northamptonshire ; he should make a tour throughout tna whole country , and raise the standard of Chartism once again . j Mr Linhbt ( Bilston ) . — Hit heart was generally Ugh :, bat on the present occasion it , waa ready to bound from his bosom , so delighted was he at the hopes ofiho spuedy revival » f Chartism ; he' trusted that ti ' a&i they had that night done , would ba . doce in their a-. veial homes , and that th « y would extend the Bame feeling to their neifchbDura . Chartism in Bilston was a lew months back looked at with contempt ; cue thty had stood firm to their principles in a time o
danger , and were now regarded with respeot . That night ' s proceedings had again stamped the seal of suocess upon them , and if they failed to carry it to their respective homes , might they never again meet with honour and respeot from their fellow men . Mr BENTLET ( of the WeBt Riding of ( Yorkshire ) . — Nine-tenths of the inhabitants of hiaj district were Caarlista , aad none wete more sincere in-the kingdom . This reorganisation would delight them , lie was prond to see the Land delegates so strenuous in the cause of Chartism ; it would contradiot the assertion that the Land movement was injurious to Chartism . - ' .
Mr Fosskli , ( Birmingham ) , advocated a conciliatory policy towards all classes . They had much to contend with from the middle and : upper classes , bat received still greater opposition from men oi their own order . Mr Houswat ( of Kidderminister ) , and ether delegates , having addressed the chair , Mr P . O'Brien wound np the debate by eulogising Mr Wheeler and the late Exeoutive , and also , by paying , as did many other delegates , a higa compliment to the . talent * , &o , of Me Kydd . . .... ' ;/ ' ' . ' The atosion was then unanimously carried ; and the chairman , Mr Sweet , after an animated addrejg , announced that the sum of * 3 2 i had been celleo . ed daring the course of the eveniay , waioh was greeted « ita loud spplanso . " ' ¦
Mr SnERBisaios moved , — * That the Exeontiva Committee be enlarged and made to consist of five or more persons sitting in London ,, and one in each of the principal t > wna , the secretary to be the only paid uffiser , and to be resident in London ; the committee to have tho power to appoint leoturera . ' : Mr Clark seconded the motion , lie thought it an impiovement on the old plan . He did not understand that the funds were to be confined to the i aynient of one individual , bat that the ; ahould when necessary employ paid lecturers , and establish tract
depots , dw . : , ' Mr Jitod entirely coaourred in the proposal . The details o > uld be arranged at another meeting . He would draw up an address embodying their views on the motion jaat past , aad make a tour through Scotland : advocating them . He thanked them from hi t heart for the manner in which they had responded to hi ^ c alL Let them adopt thu idea of an , extended Executive : Committee , and appoint aa . aecretaty a punun . of good busmess habits , irrespective of his talents for ipeeohmaking—one who had a thorough practioal . kaowledge . of the business ' of the Society , and he had no doubt they would succeed . (
: Mr . Li > nsi believed that to adopt ' this- motion , would be opposed to the motion juat past oi adapting the old plan of organisation , f . ' . ... - , ; . MrWHKBLEB Btated that in his ; -opinion the falling baok upon the old Pianot Organisation did nst hinder tbem frumjmfrovin ; any . of itsprov ' ttunp , they nurely adopted itae a peaceful , legal , and oonstitutional sjaiem of agitation , in contradistinction to the 8 nppMed phycijal force Bjatem introduced by the National ABB » mbly . . ' .- . . . : ,-:. MrMiTCHBLLpropoBedan adjournment until-the following evTOing—he thought the subject required mature consideration . - . Mr Doylb seconded the motion . He believed the plan laid down by Mr Sherrington was too indefinite ; an extension of the Exeoutive would ba bekenoial , but the towns and diBtricta where they were to be re ' Bident must be definitely mapped oit ; ' ' i • •
Tne motion for adjournment waa then put , and Sman . ° tkSBfaWM thro *™ "' the ' ADJOURNED MEETING . the ? E EmiDg ' ~ Mr SWMIWM awin caUed to # MrSHKBRisoroH opened the subject , showing the immense local power it would place in the hands of theExecutive , ^ . havingmacjtive nieSr Keh important dm not ; he , had no d oubt S'it woi . ld be unanimously adopted in Scotland . ' aa ^ t Would cW Mr SnnroxM Had long advocated the idea of an 3 ^ 17 IT" d , ? like "Salts 5 be masters ; let them employ leoturera when needful , and -hey would then be responsible to . he Exeoutive for any neglect otdnty .-at , present , " , if a leoturet neg ectedhisappoiBtment theie was no court ofZ pwl . ha being a member of . the Executive . ' j
. mvamnx believed that the cause of liberty would receive a greater mpetu . from » iShtH hfaSSfi . w ; f ? ^ W'had'b . senonce jued and foaod eminently B UcceB » mL-, ; lV was far W . * 2 ^ S y ** T Penou in eaoh to " - . btt'to-hm fiye almoit inwpoiwi bJaMrsoniaittinB lm oeDOOBfioedu gtwl , ud it ' woSfS wK
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have an active My of men dii ^ ribated throughout , heofflntw , > wh ^ oombined enprgiei ep uld , nptfail ofbBmg mkelnlTlm D ^ rAf / taf ' ttsuWto » nuwtiotf . ^ f tfiiit it Jould be ' perfeotly legal , . ai it would " ' be tii&- ^ aiaoclitio i ) , Hnai ( one ! . committee , thouW \ to members reaiijUd in different towns . > . ! Mr MoRBisoM . igpeskingao n the , subject , showed wbat'faciUtie »; it , would gjvejhemforefltabluhing an unitamped . weekly . jir ¦ monthly , periodical , under a DUbli ' oatien oWghl to ra { ae" - considerable .: fiudi ; Every ! hiig ' n ! fie « nt soeiety oodld haw ajournalat its domtei ' nd , -whilst ith . e , Char : Ma . t , body ; though pps smlBS Bilchan , amount , of intellectual , ability , , was without any organ , except . thatjnt ^ ble new « pa ; ^ pe tel » to' Leach * * a * started iiieh ' B papir , Thb EiraUBQ Patriot ob > Hjirau > of Co-6 ^ BA » i » lr'KilironwaBprQgressing BttccewfaUyi .
. : The moti' on was . then nut , and carried unani-• ¦ Several motionehaving baenmadeand wjthdrawfl , it was ultimately ^ greed that the ' Exeootive ihoold oonsist of the following forty persons i—James Nisbett - ! i Newcastle ' - : Joan'Lowrie Carlisle : . . " — Parker . Old Shildon , Durham Isaac I * herwood . Clitheroe ' Janes Brown Preston Henry Smith Liverpool Daniel Donovan , ; Manchester Wiliiam Broak Leeds George Cavill . Sheffield , George Barnett \ Hull ' ; James Sweet Nottingham '
Henry Green Lpiceiter Joseph Crabtree Djrby s ¦ JoBeph Linney Biiston ¦ Charles Goodwin BirmiBghaa Jeremiah Ya ^ es Hanley William Monday Nortoampton David Morrison . Swindon Charles Clark Bristol James Patriok O'Brien Worcestershire Jona Petrie Plymouth - Thomas Flood Barnataple James Soott Lyan — Lin ? mead Truro . Conrad Springal Norwich JanuBPage . Brighton
Ltaac Rowoliffd Tiverton -r . Wellg Maidstone DdvidMorgan Merthyr Tydvil ^ Feargus . O'Connor London , Christepher Doyle Ditto ' ' "• rhomas Clark Ditto Philip M'Grath Ditto William Dixon Ditto .-, Gewge Julian Harney Ditto Thomas Martin Wheeler Ditto : Dunoaa Sberriogton Glasgow ' , Archibald Walker Edinburgh ! John M'Crae Dundee V / S Jamei M'Pheraon Aberdeen i ¦ Edmund Stailwood : London :
. Mr SuivKi , Kidd was then ananimously elected secretary , with power , under the guidance of the Committee resident in London ,. to appoint a subsecretary , during his absence leoturing in the provinces . •¦ . . I Mr John Sbwell was elected treasurer . . It was then unanimously resolved : —• That the sahrr of the secretary ( and lecturers when employed ) shoudbe £ 2 per week . That their travelling ex , Bensea should be defrayed by the localities , exoep ' t under peouliar oiroumBtanoes , decided u bon ' by the j Committee . ' ' ' ' - ' ¦ ' < n Mr M'Grath moved , That all' Victim and Defence e ands should be national , ' Mr StfBRBHGiow seconded the motion , stating that it would give satia'faction in Scotland , where a Local Committee at . present existed . Mr Ponjvah made a similar statement relative to Manchester ¦ - %
. . ; . ' 'UHUUUmiDLI _ . , ¦ w t I : Mr VVhbelbr Bappofted the motion , ami « tat ' cd th ^ t he had no doubt the London Committee woutd reiign their trnsV into the hands of a national body ; '; - ' -: ¦ •• • ¦;• : ••• -v . .. , viri The motion was then unanimously ajr 6 fld to ; and the ; claimstofIMes » SiJ . i } n 6 ^ ' ^ , I )| » j | , and other victims , ordered to be referred , to that fund . Mr M'Grath moved , and Mr Wheblbs Beconded , ' That the Exeoutive Committee ' forin the National Victim and Defence Committee ' , ' which waruna ' nimously adopted , and the sum of £ 1 was immediately ' collected . ' ' " ; . . ; ; ,-, Mr M'Grath then bvought forward a claim of £ 132 , oh the part of Messrs M'Gowan A Co ., for printing , &c " for the old Executive Committee , the Convention , the National Assembly , &o . &u . V
After some . explanations from Me 9 sra Wheeler , Donovan , &o , the justice of the greater portion of the claim was , allowed , and the matter referred to the newly elected Executive Committee . ' : The meeting then broke up , highly pleased with the satisfactory arrangements made , and ihe feeling oi union and enthusiasm displayed by all . '
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Arson in thb' Cniir-A . Wamhovsb is Brkad Stbbet Wilfully Firbd . —On Monday afternoon Mr W . Payne , the City ooroner , resumed at the Gerard ' s Hall , Basing Lane , City , the investigation adjourned from Saturday fortnight last , into the cauee of a fire , on the premises of Mr Anstey , silk and shawl warehouseman . No . 60 , Bread Street , Cheapside . From the evidence it did not appear th&iPth ' g re was anything to cause spontaneous : cocabuBtioDi The Btook \ m inenred in the Royal Exchange for £ 1 , 500 , while the value of that found after the fire was £ 600 , Mr Anatey stating that-he had more goods sometimes than at others ; : , Ttie
jury , alter deliberating a short time with doted doors , returned a verdiot of ¦ That the fire , was wilmlly caused by some person or persons unknown ;' Firks . —On Saturday night last , the premises of Mr C . We « ton , sjrocer , of Blenheim Terrace , Chelsea , together with the Btook in trade , furniture , < to ., were destroyed by fire , the inmateawho had retired tabed , having escaped with Borne , difficulty .-r-On the Bame night a fire broke ont on . thieipramiaes of Mr ; Hit ohins , tailor , 148 , Regent "Street , by which" they were much injured , and a considerable portion of the atook in trade , &c , destrojed ; Bothi paitiea weMkuuwdV -- - ¦¦•; 1 - - ¦ : . ¦ .. ! h ' . ^ ' j
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A TOICB FBOK AMERICA ,- — : ' ADDltaWD TO A <» UMD It ) MOLAHO ; , ¦¦ ' , .. „; Sp lag Like , Muk * qnsgo , WUepmln ,,. ) 4 | ' ' ¦ ¦¦ ' ¦¦ ' ¦ : .. ;•—„ Scpiembw 24 tb , 18 i |? . , : UtDXAK F » ib » i > , —davlng put together » few thought i oonneoted , wllh , the interMti of my ' polltl 9 al and social frlisndf , in . Bagla ^' io ^ geited by ' jdnr lut , I foriratd ; mm to yoa , with ' ripest that Jou will dbpoae of them in any wsy you tn » y deem expedient . . - ¦ ¦ - ¦¦ ¦ ¦ , , < I find by . the n « w . « p » p . ir 8 . o ( . Bogl » nd , that the middle oUiimJ , head » d : by . Hamaarid Oobden , have taken the field ^ . favour . ' ot ^ mo ^ aU . tifom in ParHainenl , akd ' AAttfasy . haira , au ^ alned a defeat in the Commons . ' Thii will be an » n » u » t j 6 b , 1 » nd In abouf five yeM » , I suppose , thoywlll ciirry the queitloa . I iinonely hope tbat the Ohartisti , and indostrial olaiies in genwal , wlU 46 t sUow ttjennelves tob » deoeired by the iaWdlciola » Be » , by ttiklDgp ^ rt in . tU ) B , ne 7 Bglutlpm . ' tat . that tbe ; will
; prove true to their own pribiilplei . Lord'Jokn Russell and hit party are as favourable to'the movement as the lMderstBemselVBR , ' ii the very txisttnee of tht . Whigs M a pirty dflpend upon its mooesi , and Finaltty John will diolare In ' favour of , it . a « aoon a » he ih » H lee ' . the steam well np ; , ¦ Ths . polltigal . power of England h ' nojr completely in ^ the hands of the Torl««—and the Whigs , saBlDg ' the error they have bomml ^ Ud In the late Rsform ' 1 Bl ^ l , by not ' prbt ' eoiing ^ h ' e voters against the inSunnoe of Tory wealth , ' are n'dw -putting out their feelers , fn order to rectify ' . that blunder , none of the party havin |) tb « least dealre . to extend tke . libertUsof the working portion ' of the ooamwltj . The niiddle . cUBjes . are tfae slarei o ' t ) ht olasspi ' 8 bove , th « nii ' Sordid in ' heart , and growl : ling in mind , they b ave ever Bsen the risdy tools of the aristooracy , and are , therefore , ' nnwerth ' y oi the oonfi- ; daioa ef ^ the "working olasies , wheso object i « to bring about a itata of woiety in , which justioe shall be done toili . :.,. • ,. ' . ' ¦ ' ' '" ' . ' ' ' ' . '"
. Will t «« Chartists , and the , working classes generally , allow . a plain man toglv * them a little plain advice as to what they ought to do for the future f : Much as I prize the Charter as an instrument for oon ferrlng on the people political power , I think it a matter of : far .: greater ; importance that : the minds of i (« iupforten ahoald be thorpoghly Informed as te the . ute t' . ey ought to ; make of that power Whan obtained ! There area greatnumlwrof ' highly intelligent inen ' amongst the workiHg classes of England , who would doubtless make a proper use of the fronobise If they had ii ; but of what avail would be the votes given by 'hem in the right direotioD , white th « great mass of their fellew laboarers areigBorant . of their rights ! and of the causes whlo ^>
have pioduced the evils ofwhloh' theyio bltterly ' eomplaln ? ' I ieei . it inoumbentupon mo tosay , ttia ' t , in the preieai ' atato of tnlad of the mattes of England , it woald be of little use to oonfe ' r upon th ' tm the franchise . ¦ , la saylngthlo , however , I am not actuated by tha motives wblob g » vern thoie who . withhold fram the people tholr rights , and who make the Ignorance of the masses a pretext for doing ' so . On the contrary ; I would give the franchise io the people to-morroW , Ignbnnt is they generally are , rather thi . n allow thi present Inlquttoui system to go' on , beoausa , 1 shdiild feel well satisfied tbat ¦ the honest Ignorance of tha , masses : would be less prpdaptiye of evil than thb designing" vlilany of the few Who opprass ihem , -., •¦ ,
The people of the United States have been in the possession of < he Charter for more than seventy years , and during that tun . , through the lufluence of wealth , the working population of \ thii . ' Modal Republic- ' hag been gradually undergoing , a deterioration of circunutanoes , ; and wa'e lt nol for tb « ya » t , number ef anocoupted acres at tke command of those who have been fortbnate' enough to save money to purohase them , their ooitiltton would be little better than ' : that of tfae people under tbe . despotiami of Europe . This state . of things , reoollcct , exists amonga peoplejwho have all the political power youara seeking for , and haye only to cast their votes into the ballot box for men . whom they can compel to pledge them ¦ elves to enact ' su « h lawir as will ; remove " the evils which afflict th ' em . Hitherto , however , this power ha « only be en nted to adyacoe the iotensts of tko parties into which this country U divided , whloh inturee ' tB , as io Eog .
land and everywhere else , are in dlreot ppposltlen , to those of the mats of : the p « oplB . All thlearlaes from tUe ^ profound ignorance of the people as to the mxatwrit best calculated torellevetbecD , ' Inprouf jof . inis ' , ' 1 may mention that the Convention appo / nt ' ed tofrBtne a constitution for thisnew State of WiiOoatln , presented ona o the ptoplo of a truly liberal obaraoter , in December , 1816 . The merits of thit dopament we ' re dlicus ^ ea' af numerous meetlngi , held throughput ibe tarrifofy , and tbo real friends of liberty defepde ^ it BveryWhere ; i but ' - ' all to no ' pufp < J « e' ! Ut ^ fte ; 6 allot-b 6 « , «! ' great (; lijsjorHy were found to be against iti ' Subsequently , another Convention wat held , ' and' another : constitution ' framed , from whlohall the good , of the o 1 d was carefully excluded . This doourat-nt was strongly opposed by the true friends of the people ; but the votes in the ballot-bos prevailed against them , and thla meagre thing is now the fundsmental document of this naw State . Here we have
proof that the possession of ' the franchise , without the knowledge how to use it , may , in some instauces , even retard the progress of liberty by the v « tes of the more intelligent b ? iag nullified by those ef the masses who are ^ oo ignorant tp think for themselves , \ My objeot In making this statement , it not to play Into the bands of the enemies of the people , bat rather to spur them on to acquire a knowledge of their social rights , in order thfct the Charter—when they shall obtala U—rosy not remain in their hands a dead letter , laa It has boen for mort than seventy jean in tbots of the people of
thla > country , wkose poverty , has , been on the inoraa <« every year siace the declaration of independence . When the people abtilevtd their political liberty , the ; naturally esptcttd it would have been suooeeded : by ., an « xtensWe social amelioration . Just ; the reverse has taken place , Aud why ] Because the people knew not the . cause of thdr infferings , and were unprepared to \ demand a specific remedy . Tbink of this , my friend ^ sevsnty years of suffering , ' with the possession of all political power during tbat time J Bat there to no po wey equal to kaow . ledge . Lst the people be in-truotedjn this and they will be safe throuek all time , .. ¦ ., . i
For , several years put , an association has existed in this country , having for its object the ! freedom ef thu public lands , lands limitation , an exemption of the home , stead , &o . This association had its origin amongst some of ihe advanced minds of New York , who dearly 8 aw that this Republio 1 b based upon the samt funds , mental error * oi are » ho instltntlona , of ! the Old World , and that the sams train o ( evils , is floWlng , and must continue to flow , from a like cbrinpnd iouroo , Daring their exlstenoo as an aisbqUtion , they have carried on a successful war against the . corrupt institutions of thii Republic , by brlnglsg overa great number of convert ! to tholr views . This they havedpna by means of the preiB , ltctures , publlo discussions , &c , and : their principles have every where been found to be unassailable . The organ of the party , Yodnq ' Akebioa , publiihed'at New ¦ h #
m J * ^ ¦ ^ m ¦ ^ * ' jy ^ ^^ m t - _ M . _ > York ,, la conducted by Mr 0 , H . Evans a man of great talant'Wad ' uncompromising in principle . Oi » of the lecturers of the tstodlation , Mr H . H , Tan Amrlnge , was In VfiBconsin for ' atveral months latt wiattr , and daring hlustay amongst us ppmpleteljr rayolutioniaed ' the minds of the . more intelligent portion ; ! ef the ptople on the subjeot of land reform , of which i have had ample proof in my Intercourse with them at the various publlo meetings I have attended . So dcrp has been the conviction produced in the leadiBg minds of the Slate ' , that our leglsla . ture , which is considerably in advance of the people , has already declared itself in favour of the \ Uading principles of the Agrarian Reformers , and has passed an act fer a liberal homestead exemption , ' as ' you will find in Yotjrq When
Au ' ssioAfor August 19 th , which I hare ; gfint yoa . I came to Yflepoiwln , five , year * ago , ! the principles o < the Agrarian R » fortoerB were totally iinkaown . Tbat warm-hearted , benevolent , and highly-talented man , Mr Van Amringe , in connexion with a few uBflinohisg Reformers , * hp had imbibed bJs prineiplsi , have wrought a ohange here , which I trust will flOoa take plaoo in every part of the world . In that papsr , you will also find the copy of a bill for Laud limitation , whloh 1 b now before our State Legislature . This is a measure of more-importance than any other , as it Involves the question of Land Monopoly , that great curse of every nation on the face of the earth . This State has also Instructed her delegate * in Congress to advooate the freedom of the Publlo Ljflds . '
I have also sent you Young Ahebiga of 5 th August , In . whieh you will find the AddresB of the Committee of the Indu » srJai ' Congress to the Chartists and ; R > pealers of Great Britain and Ireland , the National As-Btmbly and Citlaans of Frsnee , and the Republicans and Liberals of Europe . * You will find this dooument of great interest , as It explains the views of the Na . tional Reform . r »; and . I frnst that meana will be taken . to circulate it . extensively throughout England and Ireland ,. that . the people may ba . made to understand tholr tights , and , understanding thorn , be prepared to Insist upon the adoption of measures oateulated to afford them perminent relief whenever th » y shall bo called upen
to ezeroise . the franchise , for" which the Chartists have been to long contending ; and there Is no telling how soon that period . may arrive , events succeed eaoh other so rapidly . In our times , ' Oa that great ooobsIorwhenever it shall arrive—let not the British people be found in the situation of the people of France—Ignorant of their rights , unprepared with tangible measure * of relief , and , leonteqaentjy , comjelted to trust to the vague promises o ^ men whose interest It was b deceive and betray them , whloh has bee » the result i f three sue ocisive struggles in the cauaa of liberty—struggles with , out a parallel in the annals of heroism and self de . votion . " ¦ :
Let the Chartists of England and tho Repealers of Ireland , while they frateralse with each other in their endeavours to obtain their political rights , not neglect the important duty they owe to their unenlightened brethren , viz . —that of opening their minds to a knowledgo of well matured , planvof relief , at the aame time showing tnem ' the necesBlqy . of voting for no man who stall refuse / to pledge him ^ lf to originate or support the funoamental ! tn > ea 8 urei ., agreed upan by a majority of those with whom they are ' connected—such measures , simultaneously wltti the Charter and the Repeal of the Union , ought to be ktpt constantly before tho minds ol » be working olasBes , in the newspapers and other periodicals devoted to their interests , in order that tha mea . sureamay be folly and freely discussed . ¦ Per the reasons I have given , Ioall upon the Repaalen and , Chartists to give their earnest attention to the « d . dress uf the oommittea of the Industrial OonRrest , as * Wehave this addrew , ani notwlth ^ tanttlng it i giea ' length , shall endeavour , tofini room / or , UJa tU Sx 4 b , s-Bfc «» ..., . :. V , ; _ v ; : ¦ ¦;¦ ' „ \ : '; : ; y
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contaiBterimwittret-eYTttfaria i fonciiUtxma people wh » ba > ebeenlnposttulonof , politicallibertjjformore thaa i " Mventy . ysars ) . thiymArito ? tUhtt eftnan and . he rightiofla >) urv ( nilca ^ lu 4 iVnffiful spirit , and tin , nibst pdw ' erfai ' argamtitVaupilMliii'by ofthodox antho . ritjf , in favourof the ' nStdralrJgfii-of ' man'to a portion of the soil oh ' which he wai brought into etlstence , or on whatever part of the earth ' , be , may choaiT . to live . De . prived of ; tbls right be ceassstp ; bs independent , and tha continaanoe oflif « -itseir become j a matter of favour ; out of this deprivation has arisen that vast commo-ioa whloh is oow ' shaKing Europe to lit centre ^ -and a health , ful peace will never'bo reifored amongst ntaoklad , until every human being shall be in possession of bis natural rinhts . ' - - ¦ . ¦ ¦ . ' ¦¦ , ' ¦• ¦ ...... " "" " ¦; •¦ '
o » . . . : fft . To give jou tome idea of what is pasting , in the mindt of the people of this republic , who ought to be the most happy people ' OBthVeartb ; * B ' eiig ' tnatth » y poisoas the . poner ' of m « kbf . ttiemnlVeB ip '; - ' and having neither a ' Lord Jehn * nor a' Sir Robert * to beto that power . I shall quote from the Spirit of Pre « dom , !> the preamble and tome of the resolutions passid ' at .. the National . Beiform Convention , heldjt Cleveland , Me , on the 17 th ef May last , ' ' \ ' " ' ' ¦ ' *• '" ' 'Man lire ' s , therefore he has a right to live . 1 The right to lire Invelvei and includes the right to ( he meaas of sustaining Hf » i ' »¦ ; ' 'There is no known meant of sustaining life but from the toll ; hence , the monopoly of the sail—of tha meant of sustaining life — is equal ' to the monopoly ef life ittelf . ' Therefore— ' ; i >¦ ¦ - >¦ * "' '
' ' 1 . Rctolved , thatth * m 6 nopolyof theaollInclude * within it the entbralment of the tiller of the soil , or , is ether werde , tbat the foundation of land monopoly was the foundation' of . chattel slavery , and cow ; involve ! coosequences worte than it ., ¦ - : * 2 . Retplved , Wat though the ' revoiutfon of ' 76 gave the Americans the liberty to vote , they nave not yet voted forllbcrty . ' '' " j ' ¦¦ ' ¦ ' . " - . ¦¦¦;¦¦ . i ' ' 3 . Resolved , that a frot toll It the foundation of all liberty . , ' 4 , Retolvea , that with a monopolised aoil , our socalled free invitations are a mockery . A landlett man cannot be free . ' " ¦ ¦• ¦ .: m
Then follow a number ofrosolutionsl urging the people to vote for such men only as will prove true to the princlplet they adrocate , the Convention baring no confidence 1 f t the two great parties—Demoorats and Whigs—their issues being only calculated to lead frcm the true object , and to secure the triumph of that party most skilled in politioai gambllnr . Such are thb feeling ' s of the indirU dnaltcomposlng ' tBe . leading parttetiritHt country . I rejoice that the people are at length awaktnlag to a true tense ef their potltion , and that m « a » r « i not men will shortly ke the order of the . e * ay . They are beglnalng to see that party it the madnest of many for . Ihe gain of the few ; and that the people have ever been led fram the trua ofcjtct by polities ! gamblers . ''
If the Chartists and Ripealeri ' wM rurnttheir ettentioa to the vital question of Land Monopoly-Jam quite istls-« 8 d that they cannot d » otb , rwlM than adopt tfae princU pies of the National Reformers of this opuntry , so forcibly net forth in the address of the commltiee of the Indtu . . trial Congress . la that osbb their tyeWta Will a » 5 Ume Something like the following form : — < y 1 . TheCnarter'forEnglaad , ' ' " ; i 3 . Bepe » l of the Pnion , with an Irish parliament called together ' upon the principles of the Eagltsh Charter- and SlmuUaneottBly with these political reformt they will demand— . J
3 . National Education , at the best means of securing to the people their political and social rights . 4 . The'frmdb ' m ot the publloratfdi ^ o'toteml settler * . 5 . An extmptioa of the homestead from foroed sale . S . Land limitation ^ b y which bo Individual would potless more than a certain amount of land , to be ascertalnad by b comparison of the area of a' country with Iti population . ' •'•; ' :. ' i' \ These are the question ! of all others' ttte mott unpah . faWe to the goveralng powers all over . the world , and I hope they will be proiecnted with vigour \ o their full and permanent recognition . Peargut O'Connor hat touched the sore plteeia ; hit Land Soheme' / and . oiily teuchedlt ; but he hat , done enough to diaWfrdtn ' tteir kennels all the rabid anlmals ' whp faften'e ' n the labour of other * . I hops he willlbsaho time in ' fflaking . gdbd tae thrust , whloh
I fin « In » leaaing : » iticle « f th * - ^ o » TK » n Sxa » for the 15 th July Ift 8 t , t , nd which Wconvesed to the pub . lie in these forcible WPrdt : > Landiprili , monop » JlBtg , and profit mongers ^ ouW do well to contidar whe ther tha HS ^ J . R ! . l . "H . » W ; n »» e 'dWirtucli ^ to enlarg , the olo &ts 6 f . m iiW a ^ ltatitn ; The" Caarter andne Surren . derwatthVmdttdbf themenfjuttteBtenced tea long andcrnel iaearoeratloa . . Another" motto , more terrible totheuturpert of politioai power and the monopoliser * of the wealth produo « d by other men ' s labour , may ere long be the rallying or ' y of the ' outraged millions . ' If Peargus O'Conner will incbrpbratrtbtffreedom of the public lands with bis agitationfor the Clterter , his aglta * tlon will assume a charaoter tbat musfe forcibly reccm * mend it to the enslaved millions .. Hit . Land Soheme U very good so fer as it goes but its range Is too
limitedin constqueace of the extreme povery ' of the ptople , It oan never reach the gi gantic evil * which beaettho ** whose pressing necessities demand a more easily attalni able measure of relief . ' Betides , - why rtould the people pay for that wbioh'of right belongs to them ! The people hare a right to m fair thara of the roll , anl w man is better qualified than FcarguB O'Connor , either bj talent or moral couwge , t 6 put them ' inihe right way to oktala It ; and I 8 tnoe ' rery he pe'ttiat'he will bead the esergietofhitiopsri ' dr ' mJSd Ja mt' 3 J « etfpd , regard lisa of tbesobfft of those who would fain drive hlmfroa the path which duet seoner , or later lea < l to the people ' * redumption . , The ; felon ior , truAJtp . eaWifgpretB hasbewi put down in Ireland , and the day ' may soen oome when it Bhall . be put down in EntfandV > Ko { &e land-steallng press will then have it all Its' Own- way' / und the minds of the people will continue to be abated )** heretofore .
'Ifhat given'me great pleasure to-find that Peargta O Connor ha * takea no part ; In tho late ditturbancet in Ireland—the . government ; wonld bawl been too glad to have " found htm Inarms against It ; but hit life end « er . vioes are reserved Tor belter Ws ; "He * knew the people of England and Ireland we re unprepared to resist tbe tremondous power of the gbvernm 6 nt , backed as it wai by the upper and middle classes . ' He therefore relies on the potency of moral force , end as u moral-force man I hope the Chartiete-will give him th ' elrentlre confidence . If they do , he wlil bring them triumphantly through their dlffionltles ; ' ¦ > ' ii .-:.. w : Toum in the crfusefof tbepoople , Tbouab Hdht .
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I aj * J * Bpja ^ pMIJ * Hl ^ p ^ a ^ p ^ p ^ i ^^^ M |^ i ^|^ p ^ p ^^ u SARDBNING . OPERATIONS FOR NOVEMBER . ( From ths" ! Midland iToriit ) Hyacinth * mutt be planted thi * menth . A first-rate Dompost is given by the late Hon . and Rev . Mr Herbert , in the fourth volume of The TratuaotUmt ef iht London Horticultural Socie'j / . At we hope many of oor readers will try to grow this very beautiful and interesting Rower we ' glreUfor their especial benefits One third ceanei rlwr eand ; one-third rotten cow dung , without any Btraw nt litter mixed with it ; and one-third leaf mould . The bed is formed by removing the soii , to the depth of two feet , and filling in with the aboyi . compost .
In tbe open air , much requires to be done ; in fact there are few garden operation ' s ; which may not be per . formed with propriety ' new , ''iruiilngof tvery kiod . Where standard apple tree * ' have ' made large busby top * , full of tpray or small branches , use the saw freely-- { a narrow . bladed one , called a piunlngrsaw , is beBt)—make ; the tree hollow in the centre , give it air—allow the sun to see the inside , Bs . well aa tha outBide . By thU plan , the fruit wlU lie larg ^ Jbfl ^ flivonred , and handtomef . Many people are Indffwenl about ^ hia ; but we say o them , set abort it , and we will guarantee Increased produoo . .,
Gooseberry and currant trees may bo pruned , Some perBona defer it to a later peried , bat we say now ; f « what little sap it on the move , will heal tbe wound . Adopt the same plan as with the apple tree , except they are grown en - pyramids ; wHih is the far better plan . If the shoots of the currant frees . were . plnohed at midsummer , the buds reund the lower part , will be found plump and promising . The shoot may now be cut back to these bad * . Those that are trained to Walls should also be cut in , In the same manner . '•¦ ' Strawberries / a w perhaps best left alone for the pre-« ent . RuDnewmiy bs taken off , and planted out ; tat if the old leavea are left on theplnnt , they proteot tbe bud . mr heart , during severe weather .
Raspberries . — Of : this favourite fruit , the Yellow Magnum Bonum is . one , ef the best flavoured ; and Corn * waU ' a Ylotoria , rtmarHable for its he » uiy nnd produet-Iveneie , U a very dedrable xe& : 'BsspWries arefonl of highly manured land . Cutout the dead portions , and train the current year ' s shoots bo that they nay be well exposed to light and air ; and by no means KMt more than three oanti to a » tool , or reot . _ Transplanting of every kind may now be persevered in , whilst the weather is open , In removing trees , tak » care of the roots . Same people get them up as if fibres were of no oenBequenoe . Attend to roet-prunlng , tt dt rooted in the present number ..
Potatoes . —The disease it yet a mystery . On dry tandy soils they appear to have escaped best . On oaf cold retentive land , we have tufkred Baverely . Its Ploar Ball has been wonderfully'productlve this jear ; and its flavour and ' character , with cooks and tbe public generall y , nnexoepttBnable . ' iDo not hill potato *" , " It oan be- avoided ; rather store them in a b « » well surrounded with straw . Lofts , over stabled or cow-houBes , would not ba bad places . The heat « f the animals would keep off frost in a great degi «« We pulled off the tops of one-rood of Flenr Ball » , flnd left thbBe of another rood on . ; Where the tops « ert pulltd clean away , the potatoes are decidedly the best : mne . t « nthB of tho othm ore rotten , and Ihej •" gparaelyworth getting up .
Do not fail to plant plenty of cabbage . If not alrew done , lose no time . Store carefdlly any root-crops yoO may have ; earrote , paraaipa , and Swede turnips . Tbe » last are really a VBluable vegetable , in times like tbe « . Poor ' people should buy a few bushels of the faro ""' and store them away , for winter consumption . TW will not ro > , like the white turnips , and whenp'OP * " oepked , are exoellent . ' >'
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Mr Eyde , , surgeon , t . f Loughborough , has «* « traoted a cancer from the breast of a female under t >> . icfluenoe of the chloroform . Tbe operation was Pf . MmedinoofiMfully , aad appears likely to bo iti ®® with tub most tttufaototy results .
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¦ . —s *— ; •• TO THE PEOPLE . Ffittow Countsymen . —The justice and moderation of your demands is no l onger a subject of doubt . Political representation is your ri g ht ••• and the experience of lat& years convince ius . that your success does not so materially depend ; upon the ; mere acknowledgment of your claims as a wise aud judicious application of means to an end . ! ¦• Tou desire that the citizens of the state 8 hall » through their representatives , enact the laws which they are called upon to obey . In the concentrating and directing of public opinion , however , you have not been successful . It is unnecessary to , enumerate the causes that have retarded your progress . We have known you for years , and recommend you to fall back upon the old . plan of organisation , convinced that it contains the details for ^ an active and complete organisation of public opinion , and if strictly adhered to , will place a power at your command , which-if judiciously directed by an efficient ' executive , will enable you to ensure the enactment of the People ' s Charter , as the basis of the British Constitution . : :
¦ It is evident to every observer of events , that all political parties are preparing for the winter campaign . We , too , are ready to take our part in the discussion of all political events , and are resolved to return to our homes determined to toilonwarjds with a singleness of purpose , and a renewed energy . Prom our political friends we solicit co-operation and support ; from those with whom ire differ in opinion , we solicit a calm and dispassionate hearing ; we recognise no weapon in political discusBton but reason ; and solemnly resolve through good report and through evil report , to stand true to our old motto— '
THE CHARTER AND NO SURRENDER ., Faargua O'Connor -London Martin Jude Newcastle James Niebett Ditto Philip M'Gratn London Thomas Clark , Ditto William Dixon Ditto David Morison Swindon , Wilts Thomas Saundsrajun . Blandfprd , Dorset William Munday Northampton John Skevington Lou ^ htwrougn Robert Ryder Bradford . Joseph Soott Lynn , Norfolk William Brooks Aoorington , Lancashire William Henry Hyatt Bristol : Iaaao Isherwood . Citheroe James Alfred Fus 8 b 11 Birmingham Benjamin Southworth Burnley John Asquith Bolton Jamei W . Bolton ' Banbury Edward Mitchell ' Roohdale James Sweet ' Nottingham ( chairman )" JohnSntton ' Manchester ' Daniel Donovan Ditto JaraeB Millwood London . ' ' John Turner - Rotherham ' - Thomas Wells Maidstono : ¦ ; John White . Leamington ; Henry Green Leicester Patrick JoEeph O'Brien ' Lowbands , Redmarley James . Edwards Teigemouth , Devon Thomaf Flood Barnstaple and Tiverton James Tor king t » n . Stockport JameB Taylor Ashton ' ¦ Thomas Martin Wheeler O'Connorville ¦ ¦ , . George Barnett Hull . D inoaB Sherriugton Glasgow Samuel Kydd London
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6 ... . . __ _ .... ...... _ . • -y f H 4 MtiM ? £ &&RH-TSTA R ,, , . NoyEMBER 11 , 1848 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 11, 1848, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1496/page/6/
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