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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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pit ) : Thomas , Charles , and Aaron Hammond , three brothers ; Edward Urtley ; two brother * named Gfflott ; George Tcttley , married ( brothor-nv-fcw of Gillot , in wiose family five hare been blled-two sons-in-law and three sods ;) John and Thomas Darmn , George Winter , Ralph Taylor Richard ^ Wmtcr , JTenrrFirth , George fW Thomas Hardisty , William Grimes , Edward Aikmson , William Umnlebv David Brown ; Amos Harper , married , with six ' children , and his wife pregnant ; George Earner James Siddons , Patrick Daniel , William Gould a boy : George Swift , ¦ William Hutchinson , Isaac Swift , " William Hoyland , Francis Battey , John Tavlor , John and Joseph Ellison , boys , brothers ; John Smith , George Burfitt , Samuel Goodliffe Thomas Littlewood , and bis son ; John Kaye , iranK Wilson , a man caUed " Lankej John , ' and six wliosfi names are unknown . _ .. . . in - > ™ „ ., __ - _ . i A « .. nn TTnmmnnd . three
The real o wner of the P arley Pits is , we arc - formed , the Earl of Dartmouth , who residesat Sandwell Hall , near Birmingham . YTorsbro' Dave , Pri&y afternoon . —The coroner of the district , Mr . Thomas Badger , opened the mquest upon the bodies of the sufferers at the Masons ' Arms , Worsbro'Dale , at eleven o ' clock this morning , before a highly respectable jury composed of eighteen residents of the Yicinity . In consequence of the arrangements not being Complete for conveying the jury to the places where the bodies were lying , two witnesses ( William Brondhcad , an engine tender , and James Armitage , a collier ) , were first examined . The jury proceeded in an omnibus to the places ¦ where the deceased lay . Saturdat Evemxc—The adjourned inquest commenced at eleven o ' clock this morning . The first ¦ Fitness called wa 3
CiLiniEs Locke , of Snapethorpe , near Wakefield , colliery agent , ( brother to Mr . Locke , M . P . for Honiton } * who said : On the 10 th of January last , I , along with Mr . T . D . Jeffcock , of Sheffield , a colliery viewer and engineer , went into and examined into the Dariey Mam Colliery . We went into it to ascertain the quantity of coal which had been got during the previous half year . We examined the workings a 3 we went along , and found them in my judgment , perfectly safe . The ventilation was very good indeed . I went down into the pit again on Thursday morning last ( the morning after the explosion ) , about three o ' clock , accompanied by Mr . George Porter Maddison , a colliery engineer , and a number of miners . ( Mr . Locke stated the course they took through the pit ) . I observed that several of the stoppings ana doors had been blown down . In the explosion , seventy-five ^ persons , whose bodies have
been identified , -were killed . I considered the pit was well ventilated . It was considered so safe that the men worked with naked candles . The colliers have complained of their haying burnt too many candles , in consequence of the great quantity of air in the pit . We inspected the pit on the 10 th inst ., ¦ with naked candles , as we considered it safe to do so . In search for the bodies , "we used a Davy lamp . There may have been some accumulation of gas m the old workings . They Lid worked the coal off to the throw , and -where the old workings had fallen in , gas had accumulated . In my opinion , the recent high winds have checked the ventilation of the mine , and thus caused the explosion . I cannot blame any one . I consider it was purely an accident , arising from circumstances unknown . I am not aware that there has been the least unpleasantness between the Owner of the colliery or their superintendents and the men .
James Beaoioxt , colliery agent to Messrs . Field , Cooper , and Co ., of Wodthorpe Colliery , deposed On AVednesday morning , a little before twelve o ' clock , I proceeded to the upcast air shaft of the Darley Mara pit , and found the air coming out all right . I afterwards went down the pit shaft with Sir . Maddison and others . We found Mr . Broadhead and some others near the pit bottom . They had gone down before us . In consequence of what they said , we proceeded on the low level to the top of the engine board gate , where we found a stopping Llown down . Near to the top of the broad-gate , -which we passed to the engine , we found the air iieavily loaded with after-damp . We threw the doors open between the pit bottom and the top of the
engine board-gate , and let the water out of the boiler to extinguish the furnace tire . We then found two hoys alive close by the engine . We sent them out , < ufd a little distance off , we found a man , named Thornton , fast in the board-gate , under some corves . On account of the foul air , we were obliged to turn l > ack into the fresh air . ( The witness detailed the exertions made to rescue the sufferers , and the findiaz of mrmy dead or alive . ) About six o ' clock that niirlit I came out of the pit , being unable , from exhaustion , to remain there longer . On Thursday morning , at six o ' clock , I again went down into the pit witirMr . G . P . Maddison , Mr . Locke , and others . In conscqueneeofan alarm given , re went out of the pitimmediatelv . Some parties at the top of the
shaft had called out to us that the pit appeared unsafe . After a time , we went down into the pit asain and stopped at the slit , and then went forward and fetched out the bodies we had before found . ( The witness went on to describe the state of the workings when he went into the pit . ) There was little other damage done than the blowing out of the Stoppings . I only saw one eorve that was broken . There were seven horses killed , and three escaped . I think the explosion was very weak compared with that which took place in February , 1847 , when six isenwere killed . I do not know what state the pit pas in before the explosion , but , from what the men sjv . there -w . as a good current of air . I think the
explosion had been partly caused by the late prevalent high winds . I have not heard , any one Warned . ( Witness made some suggestions as to the mode of inproving the ventilation of the pit , ) Thompson , tiie foreman , must hare thought the pit was safe , Ol' lie would not have remained in it . lie was , as I have stated , one of those who was injured . Certainly one more air-gate would have prevented it . — A Juror : But why were you ( in Cooper ' s pit ) not exposed to the same danger from the high ¦ pinds?—Witness : These pits are so different from ours that the danger is much greater . We mi ght stop the ventilation in ours for six hours without an accumulation of gas , which would take place in this pit .
Georoe Pobter M \ Dpisoy , coal-agent for 3 Ies 3 rs . Field , Cooper , and Co . —A little after twelve o ' clock I went down the Darley Main pit , along with James Beaumont . We found the air good at the bottom until we arrived at the dip level . There between the two levels we found a stopping displaced , and a portion of the air passing through into the return air-gate . For safety we had ~ the underground engine fire put out . ( The witness stated some particulars as to the currents of air and the state of the pit . ) I was also present during the following day ( Thursday ) . From what I have seen I think the explosion took place in the extremeeastordip work , tear to the throw . I think it has not been a sudden explosion . The men were so severely burnt , alon «
the whole workings , that it must have been more a hinging or slow-spreading fire than a sudden blast . It has not occurred in one portion of the pit onlv , Jjut in three distinct portions of the workings . It lias done extremely little damage to the pit compared with the severity of the burning on the men and boys . I should say that the primary cause was the prevalent high winds ; for I find in this district , that the thick bed coal generates a more hi g hly carlwrc-tted hydrogen thari ~ in other mines of the north ¦ which I am acquainted with . The carbon beinc much heavier than hydrogen , I have no doubt that the carbon is , in a measure , separated from the
hydrogen , thereby causing the carbon to be more in iLe current of the air than the hydrogen . So soon a ; the carbon leaves , the hydroiren will lodge in the old breaks of the superincumbent strata . The ventilation might be better if the doors and stoppings in the pit were in a proper working state . I think the pit would have a sufficient quantity of fresh air for fair working—the quantity of air passing in the intake level being about 6 , 000 feet per minute . The current of air in a pit is always stronger near the cronndL I cannot say that the explosion was caused by any neglect . I consider it Las occurred from accidental circumstances . I could
not blame any one . Thompson , the underground steward , was unable , in eonseonenee of Jthe injuries he had received , to attend to give evidence to-day . Mr . Tiiomas Dux . \ Jeffcock , of Sheffield , colliery n sent . —I was through the whole of the workings of the Darley Main Collierr , on the 10 th ultimo , along with Mr . C . Locke , taking the half-yearly admeasurement , and was in every p lace where the men were at work . We descended about eleven o ' clock in the forenoon , and came out about five in the afternoon . AVe went through the whple of our survey with naked candles . The ventilation was taen perfectly satisfactory , and the pit in a safe working state . lam practically acquainted with codienes . Assumin ? that the air-gates and stop-TBi : gs wore rn perfect order , mv opinion inclines to WO hfliel that the continuous gales of wind may tou > impeded or baffled the ventilation , and admi ted
sonic of the foul air to accumulate in the I' ! eatings , and it may be that , on some of the men who were working with their naked candles going tam , n ignited , the effect of which would be the awiul explosion which has taken place . Many of the fl ' i y ? ul ( 1 be killed by the explosion , and others w < mw be suffocated by the afterdamp . I have not « w 1 i , mine since the accident . There were < ouulc board-gates to all the deep workings , and toS ? i SWte that Thompson , the under-ground S ^ StiJJ" ^^ ionfand to look after the vras wwkinffiS . * J ^ H ^ T C 0 Uier y' Said ~ I board -ate *! TO *? V * thc bottom of tne di P " Huee . Tholl n ^ f ^ ' ^^ tbe explosion too rfund thSoS ^ f ^ - ^^ steward , went ttat allTRwK ! g TT m l , ? 11 ^ workings to see time bc-fo ro / afhe b 5 tf DOt ^ th f ° r « me wstone . Thompsoa had regu-
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larly sent George Addy to do it for him up to this morning . I have gone regularly to my work , When 1 got to iny place to work that ( Wednesday ) morning there was a shovel put in the hurry road The shovel being put there was a si gn for us to keen our candles low . It was the duty of Thompson to put the shovel there as a caution to US . The sul p hur had been lodging in some of the Old breaks for some time . We had nothing to do there , but some men were employed to take some posts down Thompson knew as well as the men thatthe sulphur had collected in the old breaks , and in the hole , The sulphur stopped the men working thSo places , as there was not a sufficient curren ? of 3 to clear them . What air there has been has not hada regular course , because tWw Z ? ? £ larlv sent George Addy to do it for him in ? to this
T m . many place 3 « and k « i so many holes E ^ isSBpS h « d TthK u secon * time > * hen * thnt fw k he could not haTe apprehended thai there was any danger—mom do you blame tor the explosion ? I blame both Thompson and ueorge Addy , the underground managers , for allowing the men to work in places which were not fit to work in . They were put in power to see that the men did not work in places which were not fit —Don t you think that the fact of their both going in those places themselves shows that they thought
they were fit for the men to work in ? Yes , but it had got so bad that it could not be fit for us to work . Some of the men would have spoken about it , but they were afraid of losing their work . —Why did you not stop out of the pit if it was in this state ? Well , I ' ve heard the men talk about it . —I cannot take as evidence anything that you have heard . Did you ever apprehend any danger ? I did . —It does appear to me very odd that if you thought there -was danger to be apprehended you should still go to work in the pit . —A Juryman ; I believe the colliers many times go to their work in dread . —Coroner : But they are not bound to go into the pits if they are not safe . What do you think was the cause of the explosion ? Witness : It has
been done through taking away all the coal before them , and throwing it all dead behind , so that the wind could not get down behind them . —Do you mean to say that the late high winds have not had to do with the accident ? It may have had something to do with it , but it lias been through sulphur lying in the works . —What has made it lay there ? Because no current of air could get to it to " carry it away . —Do you think that if you had apprehended danger you would hare gone to your work as you did ? The men have thought it over and talked of it . —You must not tell me wlmt the men have said . I don't understand as much as the others , but I ' ve heard the men talk of it . —What don't you understand ? Why , what has been wrong in the pit . —
Was there no air in the workings ? No , it was cut off ; the w ^ nd could not get where they had taken the coal out . —Was there no regular current of air ? No . If they had gone on getting the coal in the regular strai g ht course then the place would have ueen left clear . —I cannot comprehend what this witness says . Will any of the jury ask him any questions ?—A Juryman : What he means is , that the coal having been got irregularly , holes were left , in which the gas accumulated in the old workings , and the current of air not reaching it did not carry it off . —Coroner ( to the witness ) : Do you think that Thompson putting the shovel in the hurry-way was right ? Yes , that was meant as a caution for me to work with my candle low . and
that there -would have been danger in putting the candle high .- —What do you blame Thompson for that you dare not speak about ? He has been told about this sulphur . The men dare not come out for fear of being turned off their work . —Can you bring any evidence that you complained to him ? There are some men here that heard some of them that is killed say the same as I have . —Do you think it has been an accident , or that anybody could have prevented it ? I don't exactly know about that . — Who do you think is to blame with regard to the explosion ? I have no one to blame in regard to it . —Have you" had any relations killed by the explosion ? Yes , three brothers . —It seems " very odd to me that you should first say one thing and
then another . Slight not the explosion have happened if there hadueen the greatest care , and without anybody being to blame ? Yes , it might . —Do you think it had been wilfully or negligently done ? Xo . —Do you say it has been an accident ? Yes . Cohoxer ( to the Jury ) . —There may , and always will be , in the workings ol pits like those , some accumulations of gas , and men cannot always be brought to attend to it . I lately met with a case where a man , who had been cautioned , held up his candle to see where it was , and the gas exploded , and killed him and several others . The witness , in answer to a juryman , said that the men were getting pillars out of the old workings with naked candles when the explosion took place .
The Coroser then read a letter which he had received from Sir George Grey , the Home Secretary , in answer to a communication from the magistrates at Barnsley , in which Sir G . Grey stated that if it was their opinion that the presence of some person on the part of the government to watch the proceedings was necessary , the government would send one . The coroner remarked that the question was brought by him before the jury at their last meeting , and they then expressed a wish that it should remain until to-day , when they would decide about it . In ease they should -wish such an application to be made , he had prepared a letter to forward . lie understood Sir II . de la Beche and Mi \ Smyth , 'who were sent down by the government to enquire respecting the explosion at the Oakes Colliery in 1847 , inspected the pit , hut did not make any report to the iurv to aid them in the inouiw .
After some conversation between the coroner and the jury , the conclusion was that the coroner should apply to the government to send down an inspector . George Addy , fireman at the Darley Main pit , said—I do not know the cause of the explosion . I have every morning gone down the pit to inspect the works , except on Wednesday , when I was prevented by illness . I was down on Tuesday , the day before the accident , and found all the works safe and workable . There was plenty of air then , and the men complained of their often being such a current as to cause their candles to gutter . The men worked with naked caudles . I have tried the workings many times , but I never found sulphur in any of the working breaks . I seldom missed a day trying them . The men went to work on Tuesday morning , and began to work , but in consequence of the rough wsatner the banksman could not stand at the top , and the men were called out .
Jons Harper , collier—I was working down the dip board on Wednesday , when the explosion took place . I was not hurt . " Kone of the men are to blame for the explosion . My hole was clear when I went to work about six o ' clock . I tried my hole before I stripped . After I had been in my hole , I went down to the bottom of the dip-board , and on looking there I found there was a little sulplmr at the top of the caudle . I went into the hole above , but there was none in that hole . There was a little
sulphur in the break . I did not go into the break , as it was not my duty to go there . I was working when the explosion took place . We were all working when the explosion took place . We were all working with naked candles . We considered it safe where we were . I think it fired at the dip-board , at the back of where I was working , about thirty yards off . I tliink it was an accident . Jfo man set it on fire purposely . Notwithstanding I have lost a son , I cannot say , to speak the truth , that any one was to blame .
At the request of Mi . John Jeffcock , one of the owners of the pit , Wiixiam SiMrET . Ijnnksman , was . called to explain why the men were unable to work on Tuesday . It was iu consequence of the very Lijjh -wind vrhich prevailed , and not from any anticipated danger in the pit . 3 s one of the men complained of any danger . , About half-past five o'clock the inquest was adjourned to Thursday . During the afternoon the greater part of the unfortunate sufferers were interred . Five large graves were made in the churchyard at Worsbrough .
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9 Sunday evening last , at the Literary and Scientific Institution , John-street , two hundred anu ntt y persons partook of an excellent tea served U by Mr . Davis . After tea the public were admitted at the usual charge , when the spacious hall and gallery became densely crowded , not even standing room being available . There could not have been less than 150 » persons present . Mr . Hexrt IlETnEmsoTOx took the chair amidst much applause and said : It was gratifying to see their call responded to by such a very numerous meeting , ( ind was a very good proof of the growing intelligence of the age . What man ever enunciated such forcible argumentative principles as those put forth by Thomas Paine in his " First principles of
GovernaSm ? r ^ v £ TALS ^ HONOUR OF TH pjjvjr DAY 0 P THE IMMORTAL THOMAS ^^^^^^^ WM *^ im ^ j ^^ j ^^ ^^^^ ^^ , ^^^ Tr-rcni ' '
ment ? " He defied any man to read this and then say that men were not entitled to their political rights . ( Hear , hear . ) Paine , even in his time , did not stop at political rights , but wrote his " Agrarian Justice , " setting forth the great principle , that every couple should have a start m life ; he advocated this , because , as he said , the people had been robbed of their rights by " a wax-work nobility . " He rejoiced in such meetings as these , they combined instruction and amusement , and elated us with hope for the future . Modern reformers . had embodied socialjwith political rights , and it was a fact that the land of this country would , if properly cultivated , support the population of the world . Talk not to him of overproduction whilst so manv mouths wanted filling ,
and so many backs wanted clothing . ( Loud cheers . ) In conclusion , he must again express his pleasure in seeing so many present , doubtless with a view of assisting in getting rights for the whole people . ( Great applause . ) Mr . E . J . Holyoake gave " The People—may they have the courage to attempt all winch ought to be attempted , and the calculation which forecasts for victory . " Ho said , he thought so well of the people that he would place any power in their hands , with the certainty that they would use it generously , and he would rather 2 > lace power in the hands of the whole people than in the hands of any section : but
he should do so , at the same time , witli the understanding that great things were expected from them . He would like to see a little more spirit shown by the people—not merely shouting for victory , but attempting to obtain it . Whatever the people wished should be gained by the people ; surely it was not right for them to be for more than half a century , merely shouting for those things which Paine taught them so wisely and so well . ( Cheers . ) In signing the Deed of Independence , Hancock said to Franklin : " Now , we must all hang together . " " Yes , " replied Franklin , " if we do not , we most assuredly shall hang separately . " ( Loud Cheers . ) Now , this was the " forecast for victory . "
Mr . A . Campbell said they met to assert the rights of all , although he would not obstruct any that went for sectional liberty or rights , provided it was a step in the right direction . Speaking perhaps prophetically , he said : Should Cobden succeed in striking off ten millions of taxes , it would not benefit the working-men , as want of eniploym . nt was the great disease of the country , aud their great effort should be made to elevate physically , morally , politically , and socially , the condition of the people . ( Cheers . ) Miss Dyer , a young lady , said : It is not possible for man to be free whilst woman is a slave . ( Loud cheers . ) While celebrating so joyously the birthday of Thomas Paine , let us not forget another great man who , Aviththe "Eights of Man" in one
hand , and the " Age of Reason" in the other , went forth conquering and to conquer , and established free discussion—she meant Richard Carlile . ( Loud cheers . ) They did not meet in the spirit of man-worship , but nevertheless she should like to see their great men ' s birthdays celebrated as their noble deeds deserved , and when she saw the people doing this , she should believe it to be a truthful indication of the " Good time coming . " In conclusion , she would give them , as a sentiment : Woman—and may she continue to detect errors . " On resuming her seat Miss Dyer was greeted with applause . Mr . Robert Buchasas , in giving " The Democratic and Social Press , " said , this was the means by which all measures of progression must be obtained . In ancient days they bad but two
classesmasters and slaves ; but move vecev \ tly a middle class had sprung up , whose interest it appeared to be to get all the wealth produced by the Proletarians into their hands , so that they might distribute it to their own profit and advantage ; and all recent moves had been undertaken to elevate this class , but the future was for the Proletarians . I Loiid cheers . ) By the means of the printing pressiy the aid of tracts and newspapers—had the middle classes worked out successfully their object ; first raising a commissariat , then distributing tons of tracts , and establishing a newspaper in every county ; whilst , unfortunately , the Chartists had warred amongst themselves , * and destroyed their bright prospects by internal divisions . He said this in sorrow , as he agreed with the principles of Chartism to the full —( cheers)—and whilst he spoke this of the Chartists , he must not forget the Socialists ,
for they too had been like the Kilkenny cats , pullinjr each other to pieces . We must ( said ' the speaker , ) be more careful for the future , and above all look to our newspaper press . In this respect we are worse off than continental nations . In France the Democrats had an organ ( the lie / ntblique ) , circulating forty-five thousand copies daily . He knew that the penny stamp and the duty on paper stood in the way here , and he regretted these things did not occupy a more prominent position in Mr . Cobden ' s budget ; but even under present circumstances he thought the people might do much better if they would stand up like men and demand papers which advocated their political and social rightsdemand them in coffee houses , and in the libraries which they frequented ; if thoy did this in a businesslike manner , they might have a daily paper circulating ten or twelve thousand copies . ( Hear , hear . ) The Chairman said : Mr . Buchanan had left out
one most important point—that was , to tell them that there was one paper that advocated social rights , ( many voices from the body of the hall and gallery—" two " do not forget the Northern Star ;) - ' yes , he was about to add the Northern Star to the Spirit of the Age , as a people ' s paper ; but he looked upon the Star as being more of a _ political paper , although he was proud to see their friend Robert Owen s letters in its pages —( kmd cheers)—and he thought it the imperative duty of the people to support those two papers . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Walter Cooper said—We have met to-night to do honour to the memory of Thomas Paine , a man whom our fathers burnt in effigy—a man whose principles had been declared onlv worthy of
the scum of the earth—& name vised as a scarecrow to frighten children . ( Laughter and applauso . ) We revere Paine ' s memory because he was the advocate of truth and justice , and all men who stood up in favour of those principles must expect persecution . Yes , if you would wear a crown you must bear the cross . ( Cheers . ) The sentiment ho had to propose was— " Paine and Democracy . " ( Loud cheers . ) The famous speech of George III . had called forth the much move famous and forcible reply of Thomas Paine , called " Common Sense , " which raised up the War of Independence , that ended in the establishment of a glorious Republic . The Americans had talked of over-taxation . Paine at once said that " Taxation without representation
was tyranny , and ought to be resisted , and askcu if it would not be much more sensible to govern themselves than to look for representation in a HttLe island some three thousand miles away . Paine ' pen had done more than the sword of Washington in eft ' ecting American independence . ( Cheers . ) After the battle of Urandywine , the American army became dispirited , Paine immediately wrote the inspiring sentiment— " These are the times to try men's souls . " The effect was electrical . Their droopinw spirit was revived—they regained their wonted energy—renewed the battle , and their efforts were crowned with success . He ( Mr . W . Cooper ) had great faith in the prophecy that the time was coming " when truth would be as palatable and
profitable as that of falsehood was now . " Truo , error lives gaudily and luxuriantly , but shortly ; whilst truth , dressed in the garb of pure simplicity , and fanned by noble hearts , would live for ever . Mr . Cooper resumed his seat amidst great applause . Mr . Lloyd Jo . ves said , we meet to rescue the memory of Paine from the slanders heaped upon it . A man who had recently published a work on democracy was said to have received a large sum for the copyriffht' ; but Paine refused largesses for his copyright , Tn order that the people might have the lull advantage of what his powerful pen had written for them , and those works went forth , like pillars of lieht , pointing the way to freedom . ( Loud cheers . ) What should we be without America to point to ? Here was a great nation without nobles and without paupers . Tlie peop le existed before cither kings ,
priests , or aristocrats ; ana Kings , priests , jibu hvui ^ nii * ht be driven out of a country , but the people never could . Tyrants always flatter , 'ihus , the Provisional Government ol Trance was composed o ' . men of the first water , during the first month ot the Republic , but , when their moderation had caused their failure , they became ruffians , and Ca ™ gnac became a redeeming angel . Ihcn was l £ »» * J * poleon , " my uncle ' s nephew ; " but now his moderation and his determination to keep down the Red fer ^^^ T ^^ - ^ r ^ cordiallv responded to the sentiment , " Paino and TWineracv ' ( Loud cheers . ) Tlie Ch iWn rose to give the last sentiment , as follows : " Bobwpicrro , and the other martyrs to ' T social ff ^ rose t 0 rcspond . He said , he T t ^ fissssmZs ^ SKs ^ ssftsw
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Liat in England , Prance , and Germany , upwards o lOrfcy works had appeared , all tending to rescue the ¦ memory of this great mind from odium and calumny , and scarcely a . large meeting was held at which the memory of Jlaximiliiin Robespierre was not toasted . ( Loud cheers . ) Robespierre was an advocate for the unrestricted liberty of the Press—for a national systom of education , so that , from earliest youth , an might be trained equals—a portion of that system ot education was the science of practical agriculture . He was opposed to state churches—and would have no paid priests , whilst he gave unrestrained liberty of conscience to all . He held that a nation requiring a standing army , must be a nation ot slaves—llobespierre said : " Let every man be a soldier and when his military duties are ovor , let umfallbackintotheraiikof the citizen " -and he held that the soldier who raised his arm at » . iii , « f n
citizen , should be deemed an assassin . Such was Robespierre—his constitution was a perfectly democratic one , embracing all the points of the People ' s Charter . ( Loud cheers . ) Robespierre was called by his enemies " the incorruptible . " Napoleon Bonaparte had said of him , when at St . Helena , " thatnot all the money'in Europe would have Caused him to betray the Republic . " ( Chcer 3 . ) Robespierre was murdered , because lie said that mere political reforms were useless , except the > eople were taught to use them as a means to effect their social rights . Robespierre said we found the people sans euhtte ; let it be said , we left them eulotta—that is , we found them elothosless , let us eave them well clothed ; we find , them ignorant , let us give them intelligence—in fine , to substitute the greatness of man for the littleness of the great . Loud cheers . )
The delivery of one or two speeches was followed by the " Marseillaise , " which concluded the proceedings of the evening .
NOTTINGHAM . On Monday evening last , a very numerous' party of the admirers of the above eminent political writer , gave a public supper in the large room at . he Seven Stars Inn , which was most tastefully fitted up for the occasion . After ample justice had been done to the good things of this life , Mr . James Sweet was called upon ' to presido , and Sir . Cartwright occupied the vice-chair . The chairman opened the business of the evening in his usual earnest manner , congratulating the company , that so many had met upon this occasion to do honour to the never-dying principles advocated by that great man , whose memory they had met to perpetuate , and submitted the following proposition , which was
sposen to by Mr . Thomas llopor , an old veteran Reformer , of nearly fourscore years of age . He was followed by Mr . Christie , in support of the same : " The memory of the immortal patriot , Thomas Paine—may reason and common sense guide his disciples in their warfare with the enemies of the Rights of Man . " Drank in solemn silence , upstanding , uncovered . —Proposed by Mr . Cartwright in a telling speech , and seconded by Mr . Dowse : " The sovereignty of the people . " — The chairman then called upon them to respond to the following proposition : " The health of Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P . for Nottingham , and founder of the National Land Company : may he live to see his humane and philanthropic principles
triumphantly carried into practice , and the working classes in the full enjoyment of their political ana social rights . " The chairman said , in submitting the above proposition , ho need not remind the present company of the many great and good services Mr . O'Connor had rendered to tlie labouring classes of the United Kingdom , and he was happy to observe that the prejudices of the middle and the upper classes were last giring way as regarded that gentleman ; and he felt certain that the more those classes mixed in society with him , the sooner they would be convinced of the necessity of doing full and ample justice to the hitherto outlawed and down-trodden sons of labour . Responded to with all the honours , the whole company joining in , sinking
" The Lion of Freedom . "— The next proposition : " The Rights of Labour , " was spoken to by Messrs . Whitloy and Wall . —Mr . Radford proposed , and Mr . Smith seconded : " The advocates of the People ' s Charter in the House of Commons , and may their numbers be speedily augmented . " — The sixth proposition was moved by Measra . Roper and Bostoek , in neat speeches : " The memory of John Home Tooke , Thomas Spencc , Henry Hunt , William Cobbett , Major Cartwright , and the illustrious dead , of every age ' and nation , who by their voice or their pen , have " demanded for cvcvy man of . duo ago , and sound mind , the rights of citizenship ; may their spirits animate their successors , until the working millions are free . " Drank in silence . —The seventh
proposition , was moved in a lengthy speech ( which elicited applause ) by Mr . Bamforu , seconded by Mr . Wardley : " The health of our esteemed friend and Parliamentary leader , Thomas Slingsby Duncombe , Esq ., may he be enabled to take his place in the British Parliament at the opening of the ensuing session , and teach the people ' s oppressors that unless freedom of person and speech is guaranteed to them , that they may expose the wrongs under which they labour , and claim the rights to which they are justly entitled , there cannot be either peace or prosperity for our country . " Eounds of applause followed this proposition . —The chairman then stated , that it was desirable a collection lould be made for Dr . M'Douall ' s writ of error
case . He hoped every one present would remember the men . who were suffering imprisonment , aud expatriation from their country for advocating their cause , lot no man plead excuse , let them throw away tho filthy pipe , or use it less , and give their mites to support the wives and families of their brethren , and thus show their gratitude , and cheer the gloom of their suffering friends . A collection was then made , and promises of further support given . Thanks being given to the committee , the chairman , arid vice-chairman , the company separated , highly gratified with the evening ' s entertainment .
IPSWICH . At tho meeting of the Utilitarian Society on Sunday last , at the house of Mr . J . Cook , Upper Orwell-street , Mr . Spilling delivered an able address on the Life and Writings of Thomas Paine , when the following resolution was adopted : — " That the members of the Ipswich Utilitarian Society desire upon this , the eve of the anniversary of the birth-day of Thomas Paine , to express their a * d miration of his genius and character , as having been the first in modern times to ignite the
torch of freedom and raise the standard of political truth . " After which , Mr . Spilling delivered an excellent lecture upon the first book of Thomas Cooper ' s " Purgatory of Suieidos , " being tho fivst of a course to be delivered every alternate Sunday evening till the conclusion of the work , one book being taken for each lecture . The lecture gave general satisfaction , and was received with much applause . The meeting terminated with the formation of a lecture fund for the purpose of securing the services of some popular gentleman to lecture in Ipswich .
OLDBURY . Tlie birthday of Thomas Paine wag celebrated on the 29 th ult ., by an excellent supper , after which the usual patriotic toasts were given and responded to , and the meeting dispersed . MERTHYIt-TYDVIL . The birthday of Thomas Paine was celebrated by a supper in the Land Company ' s room on Sunday last , and after tho usual patriotic toasts had been given and responded to , the meeting separated .
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DESTRUCTIVE FIRES , HvxTixavoxsnittE . —A VitwoE Destroyed by Pmu . On Thursday evening week a fire broke out in the picturesque village of Greencnd , near Sawtry , which destroyed nearly forty houses , nearly one-half of the place . About half-past seven o ' clock , flames were observed issuing from the premises in the OCeupation of Mr . Tlandors , and were supposed to have orig inated by a spark falling from the chimney on the thatched roof . A furious storm existing at the time scattered tlie flames to tho houses adjacent , which , on account of heing- thatched , ignited rapidly , and in an inercdiWy sUovt apace of time , no fnwpv than twnlvo bnusns vrara in . 1 lilnrn TVio lmllr
of them being tenanted by poor fanning labourers , it was distressing to witness the poor people rushing about in a state of almost distraction ; most of them , tlie flames extending with such velocity from house to house , were unable to save any portion of their furniture or property . Two engines were brought into piny , hut were of no avail against the strong wind . -The conflagration was not checked till nearly twelve o ' clock at nig ht . Every exertion was made by the rector and principal inhabitants to provide temporary shelter for . the unfortunate people who had been burnt out of their houses . A subscription has been set on foot for them . The actual amount of property destroved is not known .
A Fire , supposed to have been caused by an incendiary , occurred at Huntingdon on Thursday week , by which the promises of Mv . Jenkins , of the George Hotel , were very seriously damaged . Loxdos . —Fire is East Smitiifikld . —On Monday night , about seven o ' clock , considerable alarm Ttcvaued among the inhabitants of Rosemary-lane , East Smithfield , in couscquence of a . fire havin " been discovered on the premises of Messrs . TicP marsh antl Brown , dealers in earthenware , which , but for the prompt arrival of the engines ,
would have involved a vast amount of property , ; is the premises adjoined her Majesty s Mint , and on either side were rows of houses which were entirely built of wood , that have been erected many years . Tho fire was first observed in one of the crates , which was filled with straw , and spread rapidly , but was speedily checked , much to the satisfaction of a large number of persons of the Jewish persuasion who had , in an adjoining building called " The London Bazaar , " or" The Exchange , * a largo amount £ of wearing apparel looked up in boxes , which would have been inevitably destroyed ,
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The employment of the unemployed labourers increases in importance every- day . Nor is this fact to be rtgretUd if considered by itself . I heartily regret tt ? e circun » tance « that force such discussions on the consideration of all clastes , but the evil and difficulty onc ^ perceived and admitted , its general di $ cus 3 ion seems to me to be the only safety of the State . Social . theories and social evils must be probed to the boti 4 fn . England has hitherto been governed by politics
EMPLOYMENT OF THE POOR .
and faction . Governzaent itself has been a diversified and crude machin g , used for neighing the balance between interested power in office and inerested power out of offics—the people have been used for State purposes , that is , for the purposes of ministers in office , and would-be ministers out of office . The game ef' ins and outs' has been played skilfully , but the players , when serving what they blindly supposed to be their own interests , seem for the time to have forgotten that the day of reckoning would come .
The people have no interest in the * wordy war of party . The ' ins and outa' ate both of a trade ; debating , law making , and place hunting , are their profession and practice . They find employment for reporters , editors and pamphleteers , and in their domestic relations , they support coachmen , footmen , livery servants and all the train of meleas and glittering sycophancy . But the people , the vulgar , coarse , unintellectual people—the common herd , the mob—are only to be thought of , to bsused when occasion serves . Nerer did Roman patrician look with more scorn on the plebeian serfs of the Eternal City , than have our law-makers looked on the
people of this same England . A benevolent lord or two may have made a stalking-horse of a few cases of extreme destitution ; he may hare , in a degree , aggregated the misery and forced the subject on the attention of a few of h » 3 class , ending with a benevolent speech—a soup kitchen or a fever hospital . The people were ignorant and could not understand legislation / their lot . was to work not to think . The constitution and infallibility of government could not be doubted . The Attorney-General was ready with the law , and the turnkey and transport-ship were at hand . With war abroad and peace at home , who could fear for England—the glory and pride of the world ?
Oh , moat potent senators I you have been roused from your slumbers—your dreamy vision has fledthanks to the three days of February in France and our English Tenth of April . Your Duke by the grace of God , had an aquatic excursion on the Thames ; all was ready ; the bridges in a state of military defence , and the Mammon Temple in Threadneedlestreet protected by cannon and sand bags . A » ery sandy defence , good lords and gentlemen . The cobwebs have been brushed from tbe corners of your windows , your green spectacles have been laid aside—and now you see something must be done ; joudo not know what , but you say , it is shameful that thieves should bate organised unions , that
Christian men and women should sleep under trees , or in recesses in the streets , or on the pavementsgood innocent souh , you have just made the discovery , and I am pleased that you are thus wise . The people knew it sll years ago , necessity compelled them to know and feel—when you stuffed youKears against ' popular clamour , ' as you phrase it , and closed your carriage windows to shut out the misery . The people have not only known the miseries they had to endure , but when you have been playing the game of party , they have been studying pauperism and its remedies ; you began to think of it yesterday , they have been thinking of it for years ; they have their political mentors , who teach
lessons that are listened to with earnestness , drunk in with greedy appetite . The viands served at the table may not have been dainty or rich , but the appetite has been keen , and the food occasionally wholesome . There has grown up at your feet , and around you , an intelligence of which you knew nothing , and now know but little of . You have iieen busied with the ( or . a 8 of g ( wenmient , the breaking up and recoHstruction of political parties . The people have been studying the . principles of civilisation and the theories of progress . This teaching among the workmen will go on—you are behind in the journey , and may one day discover that you are' too late . '
The meeting recently held in Westminster , convened , by Mr Charles Cochrane , is a case in point . At that meeting we had M . P . ' s , clergymen of the Church of England , benevolent Lords , expressing their sympathy by letters , literary men , and workmen . ' Employment for the Poor , ' attracted ihfc attention of all . The rate-payer said : I must be present at this meeting , my pocket is a consideration . ' The labourer said : ' I must be present , my stomach is a consideration . ' The parson said / . Mr . Cochrane has invited me to attend , the object is a hen « volent one . I must attend . It is not a nasty , seditious , midnight gathering of Chartists , but a respectable mid-day meeting ; Lord Ashley is expected . ' 1 was present also , and listened to all
the speeches . The speakers admitted the distress . Mr . C . Ltigliington , although the mover of the first resolution to the effect : — ' That soup kitchens and charily were indispensable , &c ., ' assured his hearers that no casual charity or day-by-day relief could save the nation from ruin . He was for large extensive measures . A reduction of taxation was the sure and permanent remedy , the only tu'e means of relief for the people . Good , Mr Lusbiugton : pull down salaries and revise pensions , do it quickly and well ; Mr Cobden , who has outlined a popular agitation with the same precision and calculation that he would plan a warehouse for calicoes , or a factory for cotton spinning , will be glad of your aid ; your constituency , too , will be pleased with your exertion . The butchers and bakers of Westminster
are all for reducing the expenditure . Your adhesion to the Financial Reform Movement will sustain your populaiity , and balance well against the liberal pretensions of your late rival , Mr . Cochrane . But what will your scheme of Financial Reform do towards employing the people ? Does iiglit taxation in all cases ensure remunerative and permanent employment for labourers ? Let us look around us and see what the most surface observer may know . Out of £ 52 , 000 , 000 levied in the United Kingdom , scarcely £ 4 , 500 , 000 is raised in Ireland—Ireland is exempt from taxes on bricks , hops , horses , carriages , &c . ; taxes on the same articles in England , amounting to £ 13 , 000 , 000
annually . The State taxation levied in England , is about fifty shillings a head ; local taxation , fifteen shillings . Iu Scotland , State taxation ; forty shillings , local taxation , eight shillings . In Ireland , State taxation , ten shillings ; local taxation ; five shillings . I am not the eulogist of England , but we can , in point of comfort and independence , bear a comparison with the sister isle . Ireland } the most lightlytaxed of the three kingdoms , Bends us , every year , a flood of pauperism , inundating our land with soraethlHR more to be feared than an eastern
epidemic . Irish labourers , Irish farmers , Irish landlords , and Irish shopkeepers , all lightly taxed , are all in distress . Does the financial reformer reply that my view of the question is a narrow one , and does not eialwace the suUJect of taxation , in all its ie \ ations ? I answer that I have started a proposition in your mind for debate , and the fact is undeniable and indisputable—that in Ireland ' we have light taxation , and the masses of the labourers starving , dying by the road side , or perishing in our colonies ; and the inference I contend for is this : that a
reduction of taxation is no security for natioual prosperity . Mr . Lushington's remedy , viewed by itself and applied to society , aa i' now exists , is no remedy whatever for unwilling idleness ; and that the scheme of Mr . Cobden , and they who support him , will , Nvhen successfully carried out , prove aa abortive for national purposes , " as the Reform Bill , the new Poor Law , or any of the other clap-trap ministerial or anti-ministerial projects , that have agitated the public mind for years . Next comes Mr . Cochrane , the prime mover in the convening ef this meeting .
lie declared that the object otthe meetwg was i \ ol to propound ' national remedies lor national distresses , but merely temporary expedients . ' This is all very well ; but I beg of Mr . Cochrane not to head his bills with « Employment for the Poor , ' if temporary expedients be bis object . The public read the words quoted in their true sense ; and if he desires to call public attention to the necessity of supporting scavengers and crossing-sweepers , say so at once , and the people will understand him aright . Mr . Cochrane is an amateur specimen of the
soupkitchen school of statesmen . Well , let him enjoy hisUobby . Poor fellow , he does liUle good , little ill to any body . The bill-stickers say he does good to trade ; and were it not that he forces himself on our attention , now and again , by a lang parade of posters and street boards , his personal standing , as a statesman , would never cost U 3 a drop of cobbler ' s ink . Mr . Armstrong Walton , workman , moved the following resolution : — ? That this meeting is of opi * nion , that tbe unparalleled amount of distress among the mechanics and artisans , arises chiefly
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from want of employment ; and that Great Uritaiil and Ireland contain a superabundance of land , lahour , skill , and capital , to prcfi-aWy employ , aud Comfortably support , double the amount of the present population . Thia " meeting , therefore / recommends to the people the propriety of pressing on the government the necessity of introducing into Parliament a bill sanctioning the establishment ofhome colonies , as the best means of securing profitable employment for the numerous but unwillingly unemployed portion of our population . '
The resolution above was rapturously received by the body of the meeting . It was clear and unmistdkeable , and approached the question , annouueed ( or deliberation , fully . It showed that its mover and supporters had been thinking , when the pjli-Ticixys had been fighting the battle of party , or dosmgout debates on the easy cushions o . ' St . Stephen's . There can be no mistake about tbe practical bearing of Mr . Walton ' s resolution . Let ihepropoaitiou lie carried into effect , and we know its results . The success of home colonisation does not
rest oil foreign exchanges , foreign wars , Bank Charters , « r cotton crops . - Every man living , who either owns or ka * seen a cabbage garden , knows the principle involved , and the results that follow . It s simplylabour find tend as the means , bread and plenty as the result . Bringing public opinion to bear on the government for such a purpose i » an honourable ambition , and augurs that government , for the futuie , must be something more than speeebmaking and gaol building . Thia question of employment for the unemployed grows , and will
continue to grow iu importance every day . The people throughout England must be prepared for the discussion , and be ever ready to retain the lead . Compared with it , schemes of financial reform , soup , kitchens , baths , &c , are insignificant ; for , on the employment of the people , rests the peace of the citizen , and future security of this and all other nations , aud in all public discussions the opinions of the workmen must ba deliberately , but fully , represented . A Lkaf erom thb Annals of a Shoemakers ' Garret .
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n ^ , .. TIIE NEW YORK "NATION . " We have receireil two or three copies of tho 2 few York Nation , edited and published by Thomas Parcy M'Gse , formerly one of tho editors of the supprivscit Dublin Nation . The new Nation , in its general appearance and contents , is similar to ita celebrated predecessor . "Wo subjoin some specimens of tho spirit of the transatlantic Nation , from the enlarged . * nd improved number dated January 6 th , 1 S 40 . There is some sensible stuff in the following irticle : — " 1 ' niKSTS axd People .- — ( Ireland is 1840 . )—The Irish Catholic Clergy , stirred by some sense of remorse , are at last making a demonstration against the legal form of assassination , called ' trial by jury' in Ireland . "With something like their former spirit and un : inlmity , they ask a fair trial for Ciunix ? G . WAX Dwrr , ami , if thev only spoke a
little louder , the Whigs would not dare refuse them . " We will tell the Irish Clergy plainly that , for their own sakes , they arc hound to <* o on with this movement , and to make it general and radical , instead of temporary and passive . Many Irishmen , both here and at home , lay tho blame of Ireland ' s condition at their doors—many believe that the present generation of Irish Priests have systematically squeezed tho spirit of resistance out of the hearts of the people—many believe that they stood neutral while the usurpation were iniquitously destroying tho lay leaders , because they were jealous of that class—many believe that the \ isuvpation would noTcr have starved tho people or made away with their leaders , but that they counted on the influence of the clergy and the consequent submission , of their flocks .
" Xow—we speak plainly—the interests of Religion as well as of Ireland , and the special interosts of their own order , demand that tho Catholic Clergy shall shift their position to safer ground . They have got the people at last , all to themselves ; no journal better than an echo exists ; no fiery Confederate 01 'iltor makes tlie welkin echo frith warlike words—it is now once more the Priests and the People or national extinction . Tho very existence of the clerical order in Ireland is at stake , for , without flocks ,
what are Priests ? They may build stone chapels instead of mud , and toll their bells in the face of Jay and bigotry ; they may marry , and shrive , anil bury their dead * openly , but without the numbers what will they be ? The numbers are fast diminishing—death and emi g ration are filing down hundreds into tens , and l > y-aiul-by , the Irish Priesthood [ will have to look to the Irish , in America , or to the British Government , for the necessaries of life . That alternative is fast sweeping on its two dark wings towards them .
" To Great Britain they cannot , for creed-sake , turn . To the Irish hero " they need never appeal again till 1843 is forgotten in the joy of a better spirit , and a bolder effort . JN ' ever ! the heart of tho people here is changed , and , there is not a Bishop in Ireland ( except Dr . M . UJIXX ) , who could Collect £ 1 , 000 in tho en tiro United States . We speak , now , from experience , and wo speak it with regret , but so it is . We question if aa Irish Priest could travel among Irish Catholics here , -without being affronted every other day , " Let the Irish clergy be undeceived . Let them be told the truth , and they will feel it . If they go with the people for their rights , the people will sustain them , but aa the old Spanish coronation rite said— ' if not , not . ' " Hero is some more " common sense" and plain speaking : — * " Rome . —The Popk's Flight . —When Pius tlie Ninth recalled Durando from the common battle field of Italy , the > orth ; when Uc chose Louis Philippe ' s pet and protege , Eossi , his Minister ; when he refused to advance with the advances of his pooplo and las age , lie wilfully abdicated his glorious position , at the head of the European movements of the present century . We have wished that all this might bo otherwise . " The sincerest panegyrists of Popo Pius were among our party iu Ireland , and novr , we deeply sympathise and deplore his flight , in such a mean disguise , on the coach of a German emissary , and towarda-r-oh ' ill-advised choice—the court and capital of Ferdinand ( the assassin !) of the two Sicilies . " Our readers know that we are not intenselv "
national . " We think an ounce of fraternity worth a ton of nationality—we , therefore , approve of any recommendation tending to unite the peoples , independent of their birth-places . Something of this sort is contained in the following article : — * 4 The Propi . 12 and tueiu Oppressors . — Exglasb is 18 * 9 . — - " The following passage of a letter , dated Manchester , December 14 th , 18-13 , has been forwarded to us by a gentleman at present in this country : — ' You should impress on him the necessity of directing remarks through tho Nation to the woVking classes here . It is only by uniting the Irelandtheir social
working men of England and — ami political wrongs—anil by taking up the people against the aristocracy , that anything can be done with these ' three criminal kingdoms . ' Tin ' s extract , written apropos of an article in our second number , called -the Queen ' s Mercy , ' recalls to us a view of policv which , when in Ireland , we saw clearly and pointed out . Li-Great Britain and Ireland there is a common question—the question ot the people against the coronets . A democratic refprmatioa in the distribution of wealth , in the laws , , in the church and state , factory and farm , is called for in both islands , and must come . The people 1 the people ! should be the cry of onset and the passwovd ot pvepayation . A -worse s \ avevy t \ mn evea Thane or liavon cxcvciscd—an ivon . collar and an iron rule more merciless than William ' s forest laws , or John ' s taxation , binds and bows down the yeomanry of England to-day . Towns grow so thick that there is neither air nor agriculture between them . Tho harvests that feed 20 , 000 , 000 are yearly reaped by sickles imported from Ireland . One country is kept in a state of hungry land-serfage , the other is wasted down by the furnace of tho chaldron ; both arc ' done to death , ' this by steam , that by starvation , and all that purple brows may wear coronets and mitres , and goxit and gormandising nourish and increase . " Tlie following extracts will inform our northern readers of the whereabouts of certain rnOSCRIBKD IRISHMEN * . " Thomas O'Urien , formerly secretary to the Confederate clubs of lircnjool , has safely landed on the shores of this country . "Dp . Laurence lloynokls , late of Liverpool , will act as caiwasser fov the Nation in Pennsylvania awl Ohio . He will visit the chief towns in both states during the winter . " " Mr . John O'Hea , lace of Manchester , and one of the most active Chartist Confederates , is now canvassing Virginia , Kentucky , and other southern states for us . " We conclude with the following : —
WHO WAS THB TRMTOR ? " We have received'a letter from Mr . P . J . Barry relative to the charges current agaiust him , of hav * ing been in secret connexion with the 13 ritish government , which Icttcr ' wc decline publishing , as at present advised . When ' Mr . Harry called at our . office , wo stated to him that if he could produce ( as ho said ho could ) such facts as would satisfy any three known friends of . Ireland—refugee * or residents in Sew York—of his innocence , we would publish , after that , any exoneration of him that was t « be made . UntU ISlr . Barry has done so—until ho has chosen and fully satisfied a competent tvibuna of Irishmen in this city that the charges a ^ amat him were totally false , we must decline receiving any communication from him whatever . ' Wo sliaUbe happy to esckwnsQ wjtutao 2 mttw >
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Good Advice .--So long as thou art ignorant nevei be ashamed to learn ; he that is so fondly modest not to acknowledge his own defects of knowledge , shalJ intimebesoTondly imputed as to justify his own ignorance . Ismorance is the greatest of all infirmities , and justified , the greatest of all follies . — Ditto . —If two omnibuses are racing , never hail the firsti unless you have a particular fancy to be run over bv the second . Vmbitiov —The desires of an ambitious man increase with his fortunes ; all that is more elevated than he mates him appear little in his own eyes .-
lESroF Torso Ceiebriiies .-K is rather curious at first , to one unfamiliar with the artistic Sto see how little youth is to be met with rongsl the celebrities . Our , « pojts are middle-aged men ; our rising authors are bald our distinguished painters are passing : into the ^ sore and yiUow leaf ; our very » young Engenders ne richness of his seuius . or from having the favour oi
the movement , yet , as a general rule , « ue » ny . i ° slowly gained , and not without many years , ol tou-T 2 £ ? - « Tn * D 0 CKY . Kns .-On Saturday last appeared a circular to the Superintendents of ncr Maiesty ' s Dockyards at home , sig ned by Mr . ii . w . "Ward , Secretary to the Admiralty , and dated , " Admiralty , 25 th January , 1 S 49 , " transmitting to the Superintendents twenty-sis minutes by tne Board of Admiralty ; which , taken together , set tortn a plan for reducing the expenditure and increasing the efficiency of the Dockyard establishments ,
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FEBkuABT S , 1840 , TTTP MA ^ rp ^ p ^ « rp ^ ^ ^^^[ ^ «^*^*^*"'*^^^ ' ^^ T ^^ ' * " ^ " ^^^ ' - __^ _ . _ _ ' ,.. ¦ * -. —•!!• . 0 ^ " ''' ¦ ———» - , - m , h' -huhk-im- ¦•¦ ¦ r
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 3, 1849, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1508/page/7/
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