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®o crorrcepoiittig;
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THE NORTHERN STAR. SATUSSDAY, AUGUST IS, 1S49.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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BlU TLSii EIvlPIRE FREEHOLD LAND AND BUILDING SOCIETY . On an Advance jour Kent is Saved , you become your own Land and Householder . Patrom . —T . 5 . Dgscossse , Esq ., M . P . T . Waklet , Esq ., M . P . B . B . Cabbeil , Esa ., M . P . I . J . ILlvsabd , Esq ., SLP . Sinters . —The Commercial Bank of London ( Branch ) , 6 , 3 lenristta Street , Covent G : irden . Liiih * OJia . —Xo . 13 , Tottenham Court , Sew Koad , St . i ' ancras , London . —Uasiei . Wwiia ltuFFr , Secretary . Abbaxged is Thuee Sections . Value of Shares and Payments for Investors . Full Shave ,. .. SUO—payment of 2 s . 3 d . - ^ Week , or 10 s . Cd . per Month . HalfSiarc .... « 0 - 1 ? f ~ » I ~ QawterShare .. .. 30 — 0 7 i — . 2 8 _ \ l . ]> l « uits are requested to state in their form the Section they desire to be a Member o £ Jfo- Slbvevoss ' , Solicjtobs or JtaWMiTJo . v Fees . —The r . resent Entrance Fee , including Certificate , Rules , « tc , is 4 s . licr Share , aud 2 s . Cd . for any part of a Share . Price of Ivules , including Postage , Is . OBJBCT 3 . 1 st —To enabl- members to buihl Dwelling nouses . 5 th . —To g ive to Depositing Members a higher rate of In' * I . c ^ . -hncfao linth Freehold terest than is yielded by ordinary modes of investment . 2 nd . _ T .. afford the means of purchases Doth ireenoia m _ m > m ^^ ^ ^ Eudowments for theh . MdL ^^ rom rroperbeSorLanu . Children , or Husbands for their Wives , or for Marriage 3 ra .-T <» advice Mortgages on Property held by Settlements . ' 5 oemb- _ r .-. 7 th . —To purchase a piece of Freehold Land of sufficient 4 t } . _ - ^ enable Mortgagors l « ing members to redeem value to give a legal title to a County Vote for Members of Heir Wr : ' ragcs . Parliament . Sect « s t—Bv joining this section every person in town or country can become the proprietor of a House and Land in his e-.. ii neighbourhood , without being removed from his friends , connexions , or the present means himself and family njav lu . v » of gaiuinc a livelihood . * SKrsos it . —To raise a capital by shares lo purchase Estates , erect Dwellings thereon , and Am&e the land into allotments from half-an-acre upwards , in or near the towns of the various branches of the society . The property to be the bo * s j ' - ' -i fr « .- * hold of the member after a term of years , from the date of location , according ' o his subscriptions . Sectiu . n ilL—Saving or Deposit section , in which members not wishingto purchase are enabled to invest small sums , xeceivii" * interest at the rate of five per cent , per annum , on every sum of IDs . aud upwards so deposited . j ; -i ; _ £ > o ? wiU be advanced to the members of the first Section in November next , when all persons who have and mav tjjtcn . e ni- - n > bers for Shares , or parts of Shares , on or before the 4 th of November next , and who pay six months subscri ; . « ou 3 ii : advance , or otherwise , will be eligible for an advance .
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rHK eni-APEST edition ever ruw . sHED . Price Is . 6 d ., A , v : v ? as « i slegant edition , with Steel Plate of the Author , of PAIHE'S POLITICAL WORKS .
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Now Ready , a Xcw Edition of IP . OGGSNOR'S WORK OH SMALL FARMS .
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THE LABOURER MAGAZINE . Voh . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 may still be Lad , neatly found ; price 2 s . 66 . each . So . 1 , the dumber containing Mb . O'Conxob ' s Treatise ou the ^ Nation al Land Company ;" Kg . V j . the one containing Mr . O'Coxsob's Treatise * Oi = tho ^ National Land and Labour Bank connection "srith the Land Company : "Haw- l 5 ! dyl ) een reprinted , and may be had on appliea . Son . T . ice Ci . each . IiEserK-erions of the Labourer Magazine * may still be had . c !' :. u i'ublishers .
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J-iSi published Kcs . I .. II ., and III ., Price Sixpence Each , of THE COFflMONWEALTH ,
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SoHbv . l . Watson , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster tow . Lonura : A . Hevwood , Oldham-streei , Manchester and Is- * sad Co ., 5 , Xdson-street Glasgow . Aai \> s all Booksellers in Town and Country .
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BITPTCBES EFFECTUALLY CUHED Tf JTHurT A TKUSS 1 11—Dr . GBTHUSY having btn eiiibiiiiilv successful in the cure of Itupturos , now offer : * hi « rsititr . jv to the public In every case of Kupture , howf-Tt-r < U-S }> erate or long-standing , a CG 11 E is GUARANTEED v , j »!> "ui flse use of any Tru&s whatever . It is easy and sJ 3 a ;] yiu vjv . perfectly painless , aud especially applicable ftr i-ath sews of all ages . Sent free on receipt of 6 s ., ty i-ost-cSkt oilier or stamps . l > y Dr . IIEXBY CUTIIBBT , 6 j Anv . fon-aireet . Gray ' s-inn-road , London . At home daily , Ten iil : ono . Dr . 6 . l : as received testimonials from all the most emia—;; of ihe fhcuitv , as well as from hundreds of patients wllo Viwe uocn cured * and his Discovery being used at the iosjrtaB is England and on the Coaiinent , is a saiScieut guarar .-e- ' . cf its efficacy .
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KITPTURES EFFECTUALLY CURED ViTsK'UT A TRUSS' . —CAUTtQS . —DR . TTALTEil DE Kv'O-S , 1 , Ely-place , HoU > orn-lriU , London , still conticecs < o supjilv the afflicted with liss celebrated CCKF- $ v SJXGLS or DOUBLE RUPTUHES . the efficacy of vrisicb l ~ uo » v too well established to nee « l comment It is &i < v 5 u application , causes no fncnuvenieiiee whatever , ruj'l ' uill be sent postiree , on receipt of us . Gd ., by Post-i-fil-- ? Or . ler , erStamps . Dr . 1 > . It . lias a great number ., ' vit ; trasses left behind by persons curci , as trophie . of his i <>» m-: ' : se success , which * he will almost give away to those v . 3 ! O like to wear them . Ilours—ten till one morning , and fro ::., -bar iill eight evening . "It h :: * ^ uii cured the person for whom tou sent it and ¦ von sill i * . - so good as to send two for other persons I fenow . "—Kav . IL Watson , Higbam Ferrers . K . Ii . _ la <> uiry will prove the facttJiamo remedy is employed r-l ; uiy " Uospital in England , France , or elsewhere , Ms bu ' . z-- ifo ; on !*/ remedy inown .
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THE 31 EAL CAUSES OF THE S ' ccrty and Degradation suffered by the masses in aHEurepeau couutries is—private proiierry in land ; the shutting cut of the working classes from the advantages of national credit ; a restrictcuand usury-breeding currency ; sad the- w « : « t t ? f au equitable system of exchange among the wtahli yrouacers . Believing these fects . the Eclectic Cujis , = »< : efe £ at 72 , Jfewman-strett , earnestly invite public attendee : c . the political and social "REPOEME ? ,. " Price , One Penny , lul-lisaed every week by \ lctes , nolywell-street , Edited by J . B . 0 'Ukie . v , B . A . ; ¦ who a 3 sc- -i-- iiopes the aune views iu lectures every Friday evening , s : ibe Institution , John-street , and at 72 , Newmait-svreel . on Sunday evenings , at eight o ' clock .
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Accident jit the Flora Gahdexs . — Ou . Friday night an accident of a serious diameter took place attte flora Gardens , "WyndhaiM-road , Gambcrwell . - Amoii £ j » t . the entertainments was the exhibition of theile' -rs . -le Witte , the Flying Brothers , the one as " ilercai-v . the Jiving Wonder , : J « d Pliffibus . the God el Day , who wore to take a flight across the garden at an immense height , on a slack wire , and surni'aiiUcd with fireworks . At leu o ' clock the youtUs commenced their perilous task , when , suddenly , vj tbe great terror and alarm of the spectators , E 7 h ? n the eljer brother had reached the centre of ti : s wire , it snapped , and lie descended to the groniMi with fearful "violence , lie was speedily extricated . Lut not until he was severely burnt aboui . ili ?« hody and legs , but in other respects he - * 3 capoc ' -ririjout injury . His extraordinary preser-Tat-o-i « attributable to his having been causrht l ) Jt « e tetneuesof atrce . Jlr . Kin . ° ju-ighbourmg siim-on , was speedily in attendance , and restonni tto poor ieilow to consciousness . Mr . Jbaunug * the proprietor , suspecting foal plav , « au- * cd « - . immediate examination of tlte wire , when a mt . 13 lound to have been bent or twisted so as to freak on tue slightest strain .
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THE ROYAL ETCHLN'GS . TO THE EDITOR OF THE SOUTHERN STAR . Sih , —I take the liberty of forwarding to you the following particulars , referring to matters which have recently transpired in ' connexion with the affair of the " Royal Etchings , " and the oppressive proceedings instituted against me in her Majesty ' s High Court of Chancery . The Prince Consort lias furnished me with Jiis bill of costs in the suit his Royal Highness instituted against me . The Prince ' s bill of costs , alone , which his Royal Highness has called upon me , as a " pauper , " to pny , amounts to between 4300 and £ 400 ! It wili be recollected that , when the cause came on for hearing , before Vice-chancellor Knight Bruce , on the 1 st of June , the Prince ' s counsel ( the
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: —^ g—— — . Equivocal Compliment . —One of tho toasts drank at a recent celebration was— " Woman . ' She requires no eulogy—the speaks for herself . "
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For Mbs M'Dodau .. — Received by Andrew M'Fee , No . 6 . Au"ustiue-street , St . Martin ' s Church , Liverpool , from rotor Sulton , Colton , £ l 2 s .: six postage stamps from James Barrie , Ashtbrd , Kent . . J Sweet acknowledges the receipt of the following sums ( sent herewith ) , for the Victim fund , viz : —Mr . Smith , 6 d . ; A Friend , Gd . S , Mouses , Sowerby . — We can See no uhbiy la publishing your letter . ¦ Joiw Lenson , Preston . —We have no room . 63 T 1 ' ress of matter compels us to postpone the following communications until next week : —Report of the Trustees of the National Co-operative Benefit Society ; tho letter of Daniel Greaves , O'Connonrffle ; Mr . Bubb , Charterville ; George Kill , Westminster ; John looker , Knaresborough- ; Manchester Victim Committee ' s Address and Balance-sheet ; George Barnett , null . Gateshead ; tho Address and Money List for the Hungarians of the Locomotive Carriage and Waggon-makers , South
Eastern Railway . W . Chipman , Leeds . —Yes . Apply at the office , Tottenhameourt-road . Testimonial to the iiongabians . —The following appeared in the Sun on Wednesday and Thursday evenings , Aug . 15 th and 16 th : — For contributions , per Julian Haraey : — The Locomotive Carriage and Waggon-makers , South-Eastern Railway , Bricklayers' Arms £ t . d . Station , Old Kent-road .. .. .. 129 A few Democrats , Sheffield .. .. 034 A few Nailmakers , MerthyrTjdvil .. ., 028 Three Democrats , Lynn .. .. .. 018 The above sums for the Hungarians were handed to tho proprietor of the Sun by Mr . flarney on the 14 th inst . Erratum . —Acknowledged last week , Kirkdale prisoners , IMtun , three friends . Is . should have been Is . Cd . Parties in Yorkshire and Lancashire desirous that I should lecture in their localities must write immediatel y , and address to the care , of Mr . Hudson , Dawson ' s-court , Westgate . Newcastle-on-Tyne . Samuel Kidd ,
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TO THE ELECTOES AND NONELECTORS OF NOTTINGHAM . My Emends , I will meet you at one o ' clock on Monday next , in the Market Square of Nottingham , and , as youi' servant , 1 shall be prepared to * ive an account of my stewardship , and to surrender my trust into your hands if you are dissatisfied with me as your representative ; und I shall also have much pleasure in attending the meeting at seven o ' clock , to join with you in expressing sympathy for the brave Hungarians ; and I will enable you to decorate your hall with several living likenesses of the brave Kossuxh the Hungarian chieftain . I trust that we sliaU have a good gathering , as I have a great aversion to be tried by packed juries . Tour faithful friend and ^ Representative , Fjeargus O'Connor .
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UNION IS STRENGTH . We trust that the Government and Aristocracy of this country—who appear to have been , and still to be , in total ignorance of the will , the mind , and the power of the middle and the working classes , and who have heretofore based , tho one their legislation , and the other their exclusive privilege and enormous patronage , upon the antagonism of
those two orders—we say , we trust that both will take timely warning , and gather wisdom and mould future action in harmony with the existing mind of the age , instead of relying upon what is whimsically termed the " loyalty of the OUTS , " to enable the INS to uphold and preserve a system against which the progressive mind of the age is now fully mai' - shalled , and the continuance of which it will no longer tolerate .
Upon the antagonism of the veritable middle and working classes—that is , of the mental and manual labourers—both Whigs and Tories have depended to uphold their ascendancy ; and until recently—until devoured by taxation , and until the shop-keeping class discovered that they could not reduce—nay , make a profit of taxation by the reduction of wages , but , on the contrary , were the greatest sufferers from the poverty of the MANUAL LABOURERS , they , the shop-keepers—the MENTAL LAB OURERS—were politically , socially—nay , virulently and ignorantly—the greatest opponents of those principles by the adoption of which they have now discovered that both classes—nay , all classes—can bo saved from bankruptcy and ruin .
So long as speculation was open to all , and national wealth was a scramble , all classes had their grab . The labourer , until displaced by competitive machinery , was a good customer to all , and was satisfied himself ; but when the giant enemy stealthily increased in power and magnitude ; and when the tending of machinery by a man , a woman , or a child , produced as much as two thousand hands in former days—then the first and most successful speculators became MILLIONAIRES , as if by magic , and the displaced operative as suddenly became a pauper ; and the shopkeeper by degrees became wise , when he discovered the difference between a good , because a well-paid customer , and a paupor . pensioneraa unwilling idler—whom he is now compelled
to support . It has cost us a long life of toil to explaiu the distinction between MONEY-LOltI > S , who employ labour , and whose whole profits consist in their ability to reduce wages ; and the shopkeeping class , who constitute a majority of the electoral body , and who wholly depend upon the fair remuneration of the labourer . We have shown that machinery came upon us with a hop , step , and jump , and that no laws were made to make it a national benefit until its owners became so politically powerful—as if by magic—that uo government could continue to legislate for its adjustment , until at length it has led to an accumulation of sa much
wealth in the hands of so few—and wealth governs in this country—that it required the developement of its ultimate consequences to bring the united pressure of mental and manual labour to bear upon the monopolists of power and capital . We have also laboured hard to show , that a well-paid and profitably-employed labourclass at home , would bo bettor customers to our manufacturers , and all other trading classes , than any or all our colonies put together , while the enormous amount of our
EIGHT MILLIONS a year might be spared in POOR RATES , to support unwilling idlers ; but we knew the difficulty wo had to contend against , both sociall y and politically ; we knew that , socially , tho MONEY LORDS had recruited tho shop-keeping class upon their hostility to the FEUDAL LORDS , inspiring tho belief that tho power of that order should be first destroyed , leaving the GREAT FACT wholly out of sight—namely ' that what the money krds contended for was a mere transfer of power to their own hands : but as self-interest is the basis of human
action , we blame them not , but we do blame those who allowed themselves to be thus foolishly recruited in such a service ; but we pardon the error to which human nature is liable , and now rejoice that they have discovered the error of their ways , and will go on with the manual labourer , in the noble and peaceful cause of regeneration , and we trust they will SIN NO MORE . If we required proof—strong and irrefutable proof—of the horror and dismay with which this HAPPY UNION has struck , nay , paralysed , the monopolists of power , wo discover it in the comment of our
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r-jf ^^ piTTpSSNT ^ SS ^ OtJARE , upon the g lorious meeting ; of * r ^ 7 v mVht- and we . could not possibly Monday night , an ^ f ^ . < rive a stronger instance vi "' " ? _ , , ^ ,, n ovementthan tlicopposition ofthc' TBIES . Our PUPIL endeavours , like a child , to pick 111 the small plums out of the pudding as is U . custom ; ho would seize upon sentences , which m not meant as points-the mere \ XrJ » to fill up a gap—and would wholly S £ S th ^ mZrialf nay , the only question ! Sb Parliamentary Reform as the means , a ^ d F nancial Reform as the end . No * does Sririlthu . analyze the vague sentences of uoimuuu , rr ra ^
tnndW speeches in the House or - No ^ when he understands them he grapples Sh ie strong points . In contending ; for the Charter , we have often declared oui gieatetf difficulty to consist in meeting the foolishpiophecies of enthusiasts as to what would lesult from the measure ; we have declined giving an opinion beyond this—that it would maice the small minority tributary to laws enacted by the representatives of a large and overwhelming majority , and thus ensure cheap obedience to good laws , made for the mutual benefit of all , instead of expensive and compulsory submission to bad laws , made to uphold the privilege of a fraction . But let us analyse our PUPIL'S theme . We shall commence with his exordium and
conclude with his peroration . This is his first sentence—The speeches delivered at the aggregate meeting of the Metropolitan Parliamentary and Financial Reform Association are specimens of the extent to which a good cause may suffer in bad hands . Did wo not write for a class who require the strictest definition , not only of our own , but of other men ' s views , opinions , and notions , we might have been satisfied to base the justice , if not the hope , of the ultimate success of our cause , upon this the first sentence from our pupil ' s theme ? What then have we here ? The admission that our cause is a GOOD CAUSE , but may suffer in BAD HANDS . Admitted : and upon whom rests the
responsibility ? upon those who develope its principles , and contend for their adoption , or upon those who admit its justice , and base their opposition upon the plea or flimsy pretext , that it has fallen into BAD HANDS ? Has not this been the invariable policy of our Whig rulers ? They say , " weadmitthejusticeofyourclaims , but you do not make your appeal respectfully ;" or the TIME , the DAY—nay , the HOURhas not just arrived for making the concessions you demand—and the justice of which we are prepared to admit , were your cause in GOOD HANDS . Ah ! Mr . " Times , " the cause is now in the hands of those who will give your Minister the SQUEEZE he asked for , and
kinc ilia lachrymce . Our pupil says : — In tho more deliberate report , however , of " the Council " upon tlm same subject , we find it announced that by means of a little contrivance "the 40 s . franchise is brought within the reach of every industrious man placed above the struggle for the merest necessaries of life ; " bo that by the operation of the very constitution so loudly decried , the highest electoral privilege is already accessible to the lowest class who can , with any semblance * of reason , bo held to deserve it .
Our pupil has not read Mrs . Glass's Cookery Book , because , had he done bo , he would have found that you must catch your hare before you can make your soup . The constitution does not give the man a fortyshilling freehold ; it only gives a right to vote when he has acquired it—so he must first catch his hare . But has the commentator forgotten the main feature of this GOOD CAUSE ? Could his DEVILS of Printing House Square possess a forty-shilling freehold , and do their work at the office , and vote for a county member ; for be it remembered , that forty-shilling freeholders are only county
voters ? Could the London mechanics , artificers , and artisans , and those of other towns , become forty-shilling freeholders with benefit to themselves or their order ? No ; and was this the whole principle upon which the Association is founded , we should oppose it with as much vigour as we now support it , and for the plain and simple reason , that if carried out alone , as the means of ensuring Parliamentary Reform , it would but tend to strengthen the feudal system and ultimately create stronger
and more direful feuds between the agriculturist and mechanical labourer , and thus tend to weaken the GOOD CAUSE . But a few lines further on , our pupil says , the acquisition of such a vote is now easy and sure —MISFORTUNE APART . We think tho two last words , " misfortune apart , " will at once show the injustice of making misfortune a pretext or justification for with-holding what the constitution doesreallyprofeaa to guarantee . Our pupil goes on : —
The operation of the income-tax—that enormous and illdistributed impost—is almost exclusively prejudicial to the middle-classes of society ; nor do we mean to say that our burdens are generally adjusted with all the convenience of which the load is susceptible . But when such points as these , instead of being plainly and soundly urged , ara cither wholly orerlooked , or altogether misstated , and when the ' entire delinquencies of the Exchequer are thrown on " the bishops , Lord Brougham , and the illegitimate children of Charles II ., " the argument becomes ridiculous , and all the real strength of the case is lost . If people are enlisted in a cause upon the persuasion that it takes £ . H , 000 , 000 n-vear "to govern this country ; " that the
Queen ¦ ' can be served as cheaply as the President of the United States ; " that the House of Commons is composed of " military officers , pensioners , and sons of the nobility , " and that " by developing the resources of tlw country a working man ought to receive 30 s . or 40 s . o-cfaj / for his work instead of 5 s . orCs ., " they must , sooner or later , discsver themselves egregiously befooled , and , according to the period when their enlightenment comes , will either desert or destroy the guided they have been induced to follow , IIow long does Mr . Cobden really think he could keep company , on " the great question of labour , " with Mr . Fonvgus O'Connor ! How long Joes either of them think a sober-minded audience can be led by such assertions as were made on Monday ?
The income tax does press hardly , and very hardly , but not most hardly , upon the veritable middle classes , who have not tho power of meeting it by increasing the price of their commodities or by reducing wages ; but it presses most hardly upon those whose wages are measured by the dependence of an unwilling idle competitive reserve—whoso horror of tho cold Bastile , and separation from wife and family and home , will compel them to submit to any reduction tho employer thinks proper to make . '
The arguments advanced against this present expensive system were not confined to Bishops , Lord Brougham , and the illegitimate children of Charles II ., but wore legitimately urged against the system . The fact of the President of the American Republic receiving no more than 5 , 000 / . a year , was not urged as a reason for reducing the salary of the Queen to that amount ; it was adduced , and legitimately , aB a fair test of our expenditure , as compared with a much better governed country .
Who will deny that the most servile members in the House of Commons—and those having the least interest in the proper application of labour to the developement of the national resources , so long as they can have a pull at the Exchequer on quarter day , or the future hope of it , are military officers , pensioners , and expectant sons of the nobility ? Mr . O'Connor said , " by developing the resources of the country a working man , now " receiving 5 s . or 6 s . a WEEK , would then " receive 30 s . or 40 s . a WEEK . "
" How long , asks our pupil , " does Mr . " Cobden really think he could keep company " on 'the great question of Labour ' with Mr . " Feargus O'Connor ? " Our answer is , "When Mr . Cobden , like Mr . O'Connor , WORKS FOR NOTHING-but not till then . " We now wind up , and clap the climax with our pupil ' s peroration . He says , in concluding his comments upon Monday night ' s proceedings : — The timid will become alarmed , and the prudent disheartened , and a good cause will be thrown overboard for the want of information and foresight .
Here we have from first to last our pupil's admission that the cause is good , while ho apprehends danger that might be created in the mind of tho timid , we presume , by the over enthusiasm of the people , But if the cause is
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JOHN Bumm require to ^ . ^ g ££ able ? and what phase shall the canse assume to induce the " Times" to adopt it ? Froml tho article upon winch webave c ommented , wesee the future foreshadowed ; we see that our co-*~ - ~™ — - ^ - - ^
temporary , still wishing to preserve kisascen . donor , would lick the movement into the shape which might insure his co-operation ana we destruction of the GOOD CAUSE ; for our readers may rest assured that the tune u not far distant when the columns of our pupil wiu ring with self-laudation for having established this holy union between the middle and worKine classes , which must , and that ere long , insure the success of the GOOD CAUSE .
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PUBLIC HEALTH—THE CHOLERA , CoHsiderable and' general alarm Jias been excited by the renewed visitation of Cholera to tWs country . That valid grounds for such alarm exist there can be no doubt , and we arc Tm means desirous of underrat ing the actual danger of the crisis , or of deprecating every possible and necessary precaution that can be Adopted with the view of preventing the spread of this dreaded disease .
„ . _ , " Th re is ; however , an Eastern apologue which appears to us very app hcab e to all such cases A traveller leaving Cairo met the Plague on its way to that city . " Whereare vou iroing ? " asked the traveller . "To StoP ™ the answer . . " What to do ?" " To kill 3 , 000 . " Some time afterwards the traveller encountered the Plague coming from Cairo-and said : " You killed 30 , 000 instead of 3000 ! " "No" was the rejoinder , " 1
, , killed 3 , 000 , Fear killed all the others . There can be no doubt that in many cases the influence of fear has acted most fatally during the present epidemic , and we cannot help thinking that the pu blication of alarming and exaggerated reports of the prevalence of the disease , and the full details of inquests supplied by the indefatigable " penny-a-liners , " ' to whom such occurrences are perfect godsends ,
has very materially and causelessly increased the public trepidation . Some of the measures adopted by Parochial bodies , in the well-meant endeavour to check the spread of the disease , have aided in no small degree in producing this effect . We know instances in which a certain allowance in money is made for every Cholera case reported to the Board of Guardians . Now every one knows that at this season of the year there is invariably an increase of cases of ordinary dyaentery and of mortality from ordinary causes , and there can be no doubt but that under such a stimulus many additions have been made to the lists of deaths by Cholera , which , if strictly examined , ought never to have been so reported or classified .
Even with all this exaggeration , the deaths , relatively to the aggregate population in the Metropolis , at least , have been comparatively small . The highest number of deaths attributed to cholera per day , we believe , amounts to 150 ; on many days they did not amount to 100 . Now , taking the population at 2 , 000 , 000 , that will give a mortality of not more than one in 10 , 000 , while the highest weekly return is under 1 , 000 . No doubt the average number of deaths for the season has been raised by the visitation of the epidemic , but the total excess
is , after all , so small , that we see no reason for the excessive alarm that has been created , and which seems to have been got up more for the purpose of putting money into the pockets of the medical profession than anything else . When the mortality we have named is contrasted with that caused by the visitation of the Plague , in the months of August and September , 16 R 5 , it shrinks into utter insignificance . The whole resident population of London at that period cannot be
rated higher than 400 , 000 ; while it was estimated that the mortality , in one week , was 10 , 000 ; and the bills of mortality—confessedly incorrect and incomplete as they were—give a total mortality of 38 , 195 , iu five successive weeks : so that one-tenth of the whole inhabitants perished in little more than a month . If the ravages of the Cholera had been on the same scale , the number of deaths returned last week would have been about 41 , 000 ; whereas , the deaths returned reached only 1 , 967 , from all causes .
While we deem it our duty to urge these facts in mitigation of that extreme and exaggerated feeling of alarm which has been unduly excited , there are , however , obvious considerations connected with the subject which must not be passed over . It is now seventeen years since the Cholera last visited this country , and it is by no means creditable to tho national and local authorities , that all our towns should have in the interval made
scarcely any progress in tho improvement of their sanitary condition . There has no doubt been a " great cry" on the subject ; but , as in too many instances , it has been followed by awfully "little wool , " Yet , if there is one thing upon which , the varying authorities on the subject all agree—it is , that Cholera is a preventive and removable disease . The conditions upon which its manifestation and its virulence , or comparative innocuousness , depends , have been generally laid down by those who have Avritten upon the subject . The absence of good sewerage and drainageof an abundant and constant supply of fresh water—of the moans of maintaining cleanliness , and providing a copious supply ei fresh air to
tho dwellings of the poor : these have all been repeatedly insisted upon , until the bar and the eye are wearied by their repetition . But we are a strange people . We can for years admit the existence of an evil , and having the remedy in our own hands neglect to appl y it . In local and municipal , as in . general politics , talk is substituted for action . Words are easil y found , but real , honest work costs some exertion . In the Health of Towns Acts which have received the sanction of the Legislature , there is invariably some hitch or other which renders them comparativel y useless . Their framers are afraid of grappling with the privileged classes , who have an interest in maintaining existing abuses . Hence the tenderness with which the
monster evil of intramural burials has been invariably treated . Deadly as the poisonous exhalations may be which arise from cesspools , and tho imperfect drainage of large aggregations of houses , manufactories , mews markets , slaughter-houses , &c , they are comparatively harmless , when contrasted with the mephitic and life-destroying gases which emanate from the town grave-yard . Yet , because clergymen , vestry-clerks , and others , have a vested interest in the maintenance of this crowning abomination , it is allowed to continue almost untouched , and any regulations enacted with reference to it , are mere shams . For the sake of the fees , the parsons are allowed to poison their fellow-men by wholesale .
Such visitations as the present givo weight and emphasis to any observations on sanitary questions which is not accorded to them in ordinary times . It is now seen by the wealthy and powerful classes , that in suffering the existence of general causes of ill-health , they are , in reality , exposing themselves to danger . They find that the pollution of tho whole atmosphere of a largo town cannot be allowed
with impunity ; that Cholera and Typhus find their way into elegant drawing-rooms and richly-furnished mansions , as readily as they do into the dwellings and overcrowded lodginghouses of the poor . This has been shown during the present visitation of Cholora in a very marked manner . It is b y no means a respecter of persons , and by striking down such men as Mr . Justice Coltmajn and others , it rea . d . 8 a . solemn Ie 88 on to that class for their
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i——r ^ sr ^^ = == - I neglect of the general sanitary arrangements by which alone the public health can be maintained in a satisfactory state . Iu these matters Government and individuals must co-operate , and each should understand their proper sphere of . action . It is bevond the power of individuals to control the drainage , sewage / flushing , trapping , and other measures by which the continual accumulation of unhealthy agents , which is constantl y going on in a town , maybe effectually removed and neutralised . ¦ That must be entrusted to colloctive and legalised effort , but at the same time each individual has it in his power b y personal cleanliness—by careful attention to the r ^ T ^ Th . general s anitary arran gements
ventilation and neatness of his own dwelling— . and , above all , by strict habits of regularity in diet and regimen , to diminish the virulence and the spread of the epidemic . How the disease originates , and what is its real nature , the medical profession have not yet discovered—or , at all events , not yet agreed upon , but they are unanimous as to the preventive and removable powers of tho conjoint agencies we have briefly enumerated , aniwe trust that these remarks will have the twofold effect of inducing _ doaa attention to personal and domestic cleanliness , and of producing such a general and vigorous demand for effective Sanitary Reforms , that no Ministry—no party of obstructives , however powerful—will be able to withstand it . - > . _^ i ¦ j > ¦ fcfc t M J j 1 &J n n JIJ-i
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_ — ^ ^ _ > ^^^^^^^ n * ^ ^ ^ ^^* GRAND METROPOLITAN DEMONSTRATION IN FAVOUR OF PARLIAMENTARY REFORM . The new movement for Parliamentary Reform has taken firm root . At the outset it had to encounter the supercilious silence , or contemptuous sneers of opponents , and to overcome the apathy and lukewarmness of professed friends . In addition to these usual accompaniments to . all new enterprises , it was commenced among a portion of the population the most difficult to move in masses , and tne
least liable to spontaneous and general excitement in the whole country . London—which is almost always the last to take an active part in any popular agitation , and which has , on many occasions , proved the grave of vigorous and thriving movoments originated in the provinces—has , in this instance , proved the birthp lace of what is certain to become a great national association . The Metropolis is effectuallyrousod , and has declared , unequivocally , its adhesion to the plan of Parliamentary Reform ultimately decided upon by the leaders , as that which is equally practicable and moderate ; and will , at the same time , secure the largest amount of popular support .
The orig inators of the agitation have judiciously enlarged their original propositions , and held out the hand of friendship and sympathy to those whom they knew to go farther than themselves . They said to the Chartists , " Concession is not compromise . We are at present unable to agree with your views , _ but as far as we go we proceed iu the same direc * tion as yourselves . Let there be no counteraction / but let us all travel together , as far as our path lies the same way . We do not say that you must stop when you get there ; and it is obvious , that our points gained , you will be in a much better position than you are now , for prosecuting such further representative reforms as may then bo just and necessary . "
To these overtures the working classes have returned an equally honest and friendly reply . They have not disguised their belief that anything short of a Manhood Suffrage , accompanied by the political machinery laid down in the People ' s Charter , will fail either to do justice to the people or to secure good Government . They have openly proclaimed their own determination not to stop short of that goal ; but , in the meantime , they have judiciously and heartil y united their forces with the middle classes for the purpose of securing an intermediate measure of representative improvement .
To this great and gratifying fact—the restoration of good feeling and union between the middle and working classes , we mainly attribute the steady and rapid progress of the movement in the Metropolis . Its continuance and extension throughout tho provinces will most assuredly herald a speedy and a triumphant issue . It was tho union of these two important classes which carried the Reform Bill , and no matter what the party or who the men that may he in office , they will be utterly unable to withstand the mighty and resistless power which they will again exert when thus cordially united .
The judicious manner in which the opening campaign of tho Association has been conducted , deserves credit also as having in no small degree contributed to the gratifying progress which has already been made . In the first instance District Metropolitan Meetings were held in tho largest buildings that could be obtained , and public opinion freely and fairly tested upon the question . Having thus in detail received the adhesion of every metropolitan borough , except Westminster , a grand aggregate meeting was held in that ancient city on Monday night , on which occasion one of the most brilliant , numerous , and enthusiastic assemblages , ever
congregated within the walls of Drury-lane Theatre gave in the adhesion of tho whole Metropolis to tho movement thus auspiciously commenced and carried out . During the palmiest days of the League , and when all the attractions that wealthy confederacy could command in the shape of eloquence , rank , and influence were collected together , we never saw a more magnificent demonstration of public opinion , and tho meeting was all the more satisfactory because it was not brought together by mere extrinsic agencies . It depended not for its numbers upon tho eloquence or standing of the speakers , so much as it did on the thorough , honest , and hearty appreciation of its great and important objects ,
l * rom such an unequivocal and powerful demonstration of the public opinion of the Metropolis of the empire , there can be no doubt but that the spirit of union , determination , and energy will radiate into the provinces , and that during the recess , and previous to tho re-assembling of Parliament , the whole nation will have spoken out its decision upon the question of Parliamentary Reform . Tho Ministerial journal alread y perceives in tho growing proportions of the new movement the gigantic influence it is likely to exert , and has , therefore , betaken itself
to the congenial task of sneering at tho motives , misrepresenting the objects , and exciting , as far as it can , jealousy and disunion among its supporters . The " Times "—with its usual command of Billingsgate—accuses the advocates of the proposed reforms of " folly and violence , " and charges them with having recourse to " exaggeration and untruth in recommending them . " It affects to see' < that no unity of purpose or princi ple reall y existed ( among those who addressed the meeting ) , and that it would be difficult to compose a party of more incongruous or explosive elements than those which were drawn into momentary affinity for the experiment of Monday evening . " In proof of this the " Times ' proceeds to
adduce the fact , that tho Chartists openly avowed their intention to stand by Universal Suffrage , Annual Parliaments , and Payment of Members , though none of these points are contained in the plan of the new League . We have already explained the grounds upon which the Chartists , without waiving or compromising a single point of their own Charter , have resolved on giving their support to a measure which falls short of what they consider a just and final settlement of the * political claims of the people . So far , therefore from this difference of opinion being likely to cause any " explosion , ' the very frankness of tho mutual avowals of the middle and working ola . s . sea is a guarantee for tho permanence of .
®O Crorrcepoiittig;
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im POmAIT OF KOSSUTH , THE HUNGARIAN CHIEFTAIN . We have succeeded in procuring a life-likeness of the noble Kossuth . It is now in course of progress , and specimens , to which a fac simile of the autograph of the Chieftain will bo attached , will be in the possession of our Agents on the 18 th inst .
The Northern Star. Satussday, August Is, 1s49.
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATUSSDAY , AUGUST IS , 1 S 49 .
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¦¦ ¦ August 18 / 1849 . 4 T-HE .. . N-0 RT H E RN -S T-A R-..
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 18, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1535/page/4/
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