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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE MARTYRS OF 18 iS-49 . They are gone ! "When Dope ' s blossoms , many-number d , Stirr'dasif to burst"When on earthquake s edge all slumber a , Who hare man accursed ? "When our hearts , like throbbing drum , Beat for Freedom , ha ! it comes ! God ! they stumbled among tombs ! They are gone ! Freedom ' s martyrs , young and hoary , jicantiful of faith ! And her first . dawn-blush of Glory Lights their camps of Death ! There they sleep in shrouds of blood , 3 Iurder'd while for Ri ght they stood ; JIurder'd , Christ-like , doing good !
They are gone ! And 'tis good to die , up-giving Valour ' s vengeful breathliursing heroes of the living—Thus , god-blest is Death 1 One by one , true hearts , they ' ve left us ; Yet Hope hath not all bereft U 3 ! Triumph lamps the gap they ' ve cleft us ! They ate iiehe ! . Here , where life ran bloody rain"While power from God seem'd wrench'd ! Here , where tears fall moltex brain , And teeth are agony-clench'd ? See them ! count their wounds ! Ah ! now Smiles a Glory , -where the plough Of Pain ' s red crown fire-seam'l each brow '
. They are here ! In the Etna of each heart , Where Vengeance laughs hell-mirth ! In the ETEnxii tears that start O ' er their glorious worth ! Tears ? Ay , tears of fire , proud weepers , j avenge these soul-sepulchred sleepers ! lire ! to smite Death ' s blood-seed reapers ! They are here 3 In the starry march of Time—BEATIXG AT OCR SIDELet us live their lives sublime ! Die as they have died ! God shall wake ! these Martyrs come—3 IlLU 0 X-T 0 U > FSOM EiCH HEART-TOMB ! Then , Tyrants ! for your Day of Doom ! T . Gerald Masse ?
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LOUIS BLANC'S MONTHLY REVIEW . The New World . No . II . September . London : T . C . Newby , 72 , Mortimerstreet , Cavendish-square . t : Tue Empire and the Emperor " is the title of a very , excellent letter , addressed b y Louis Busc to Louis Buoxapaete . The second article is on the infamo us speech recently delivered by Thiers . The third article is so ; good that we shall take the liberty to transfer i it in full to our columns .
: LOUIS BLANC'S ADDRESS TO THE [ OPERATIVES ASSOCIATIONS . I Mr Deab Fitrsxns , —The possibility of putting ! into practice the ideas of fraternal association was I denied ; it was confidently asserted that simple hlwrers could not have sufficient intellect to nr anase great enterprises of industry ; su ffi cient I zeal , spirit of order and discipline to do without a * El ' i > tCT . I To the detractors of association , you have replied I like that philosopher of antiquity in whose presence movement was denied ; you have created asso-I ciations . To-day they exist in hundreds in Paris , in all the I great cities of France—even in Belgium ,
g God knows by what labours , at the cost of what I swrifiefs you have arrived at such results , and futurity will render yon justice for it . Yes , weshallsoon b ? able to trace the history of so many unknown selfdenials , so many modestly-heroical efforts , and people will see what you had to encounter to give motion and life to noble ideas , to overpower routine , to defeat the plots of irritated capital , to surmount the obstacles raised in your own cause by distrust and jsalousy . Alone , abandoned to your own feeble rcsoarces by the State which ought to have been your banker , if it had understood its mission , yon have [ ]
victoriously struggled against the pressure of the old world , against a formidable display of means laid at tJje disposal of pasJiou 3 which are hostile to youagainst the coalition of all monopolies , monopoly of power , monopoly of riches , monopoly of science ; yoa have triumpk-d over the tyranny " of your own misery . _ In the midst of society a prey to the fury of competition , an ignorant , selfish , morbid society , yon have come not only to announce , but to realise the dad tidings , that glad tidings which , in the time of Christ , was called G ' .-spel , and which in our own is ea'led Fraternity .
Even should yon have failed , no conclusion could have been fairly taken for the condemnation of our principle . Who knows not the incertitudes , the diinculties of a first cfc&ut ? In the stormy seas of § tlie new world how many vessels were lost on still 1 uneijilored breakers , before the art of navigation had I traced safe and invariable roads ! If among so many H associitio . is which rise and prosper , some are seen to perish at their very birth , others after a brilliant g beginning suddenly stop and languish , it is elsewhere g than in the inanity of fundamental bases , that lie the Ih puses of such disasters . Well ! it is of the greatest g importance to find out these deleterious causes , to f . produce them to light , either to confound dishonest j ; detractors , or to enlighten associations on perils to i be avoided .
y In the first place let us remember that all the £ established associations do not own the same origin , ?~ that is the desire of preparing the affranchisement of i labourers , and of putting an end to the speculation of f man by man . Wherever the magic word Associaj ; r nax was seen , the people ran in crowds . At theend , . of a month ' s existence , some of those associations ' " h-. d attained a colossal extension . Certain masters ; ; on : he verge of bankruptcy pulled down the r signs , decorated their shops with the emblem of an equalis-- .: ing level , and continued under a mask , to speculate on the their workmen and the public ; nothing fra-- ! ternal was their in reality but the assumed charac-. teristic , but the fraud was soon discovered ,, cus-¦ tomersdisappeared ; the speculator must stop ; but ¦ ¦ the fall of the enemies to association was laid on the = K princiule of association itself .
• It would be unjust to require of the mass of labourers , the virtues of a state of society for which they were not brought up , in which everything is new and unexpected to them , in which everything is in fligrant contradiction with their received ideas , ¦ their prejudics and education . For that very Teason , it would have been advisable for the creators * : jof the first as-ociatious to have shown themselves ?; janst rigid in the choice of ihose whom they ad-\ mittedto share their labour . Unfortunately it has ? -sot been 5 > j . All those who have entered into the -additions have not brought with them the same [ spirit . By the side of fervent apostles of the princiiple , by the side of the courageous initiators who de-. " ' -voted themselves to realise its apnlieation . by the
'¦ ; « ide of those who had not concealed from themselves ; I the difficuUie 3 of the enterprise , and held themselves | 5 n readiness for sacrifices , there were indifferent and I weak-minded men , those who thought they should I find in a new formula of labour the immediate satis-K faction of all their wants , and a spontaneous self-proft duced welfare . They forgot that in the state of % things , association was to be , above all , a work of B self-denial , an effort of abnegation , and , deceived in % their exaggerated expectatioE 8 , abandoned to dis-S couragement , they soon became elements of disorder . W Let this example serve you , my dear friends ; be if : -well persuaded that hi formbg yourselves into asso-W -clarions , you march towards the land of promise , IB but though rugged paths . Let not your illusions be
* ; . too sanguine , they would lead you perhaps to bitter £ ;_ . disappointment ^ . You have to conquer happiness , W-. you have to receive it . 2 fow , every conquest requires II patience and courage . S . Some enterprises had commenced in the most g | brilliant manner ; they had accomplished great and || r important works , realised considerable profits , and W ; tehold , that prosperity suddenly vanished to make 5- room for rain , under the blow of a commercial cag tastrophe , the result of the associates'inexperience . &l IWeiTiUstnotbetoomuch astonished at this . For s . Jthe first time the operatives saw themselves taken £ V font of the narrow sphere of a factory . The directors fi gof associations , operatives like their brethren , were I' ^ called upon to manage commercial operations often ^"•^ BttdertaKsn upon a large scale ! their practical science " -. : y « as not at all times equal to their self-denial and zeal . . ' r ^ sSEhis is sufficient to show how im portant it is for
¦ fewated operatives to use the greatest discernment -loathe choice of those who are to direct them . In Jfiie accomplishment of so grave a duty they must deal > Ifgteely with all questions of persons . Choose , for the ixwnmon interest , the most honest , the most capable ; 'fiat at the same time , fix to his power such limits as jiSSL not compromise the associations destiny ; sur' £ wand him with an active watchfulness that may ^ follow him in all his actions ; let his power be easily \ 'XCToked , and let his authority cease from the very Vaaywhen it shall cease to be fruitful . The position \ © £ -the manager " of an association must not excite W ^ jlousy , becauseit must be well understood that were are neither inferior nor superior positions , all ¦ ' w& equally honourable , from the moment they are r •; fc ^ ful to society . There can be no possible associat- -fan . except it " be admitted as a sacred , impugnable ^/ annciple , that he who does what he is able jo figgteDOES "WHAT HE OUGHT TO DO . aSSfenfbe first step has been made in the way to social - ^ Jfanci pation . Associations are in existence . The
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nextthing ^ do . is to connect themVall , cm with another . Behold the Object to which must now tend aU your efforts . To attain this object , here 1 ° uS the exposition of the means that mi ght be used ? Tnereshou dbe established , undlr the denomination of Comnntm of Modaud O peratives , a cSS lu which shonld be represented all the assocK based upon the principle of fratemitv . aSsOCiatlons This council would have for itsmfssion Jo centre all individual efforts andri ^ S ^^ ^^ P *«^ ^ ' ^^ l ^^ ss W ^ JKSBBTSsSS SS ? l ffione - ' " tender ^ iU 3 of exchangeS circt next , f **^ g ° » to connect then ^ ' all , one with •»»«««• Bd » W the object to which mMbnwt
The Onmnfifee of Associated Operatives would jgiteSSSSSiB aaKSsaaasKtr * s ScsawiMraaasy :
; n ^ S ft ^ L * 0 CCU Py themselves with opening outlets to their produce by means of exportation , that source of labour so indispensable to the continental support of great factories . Independent of that committee , the associations would preserve their special direction , as well as the disposal and management of their capital . Such is , my friends , the plan which I submit to jour meditations . The hour is drawing near , I am convinced of it , when democracy will he in power , and when the abolition of the labourer ' s servitude shall essentially be the state question . For Socialism is cominsr with
the insuperable might of the ocean waves ; it ascends , always ascends , and will in the end reach the heights of sociefy » But until that decisive moment arrive ? , you have to take in hand the care of your own emancipation , and to shape for yourselves , as much as possible , your own destinies . The task is hard , but fruitful . The end difficult to attain ; but your interests , your duty , your glory .... all consists in marching towards it . What an honour for you to have discovered where lies the declivity of the age , when we see the men of power hesitating , getting confused , nay , rushing back towards the past to escape the logic of history I Associated operatives , you are truly the men of the nineteenth century . Be of good cheer ! your children will gather still more largely than yourselves , bear it hi mind .
tne traits W your efforts . Be of good cheer ! the genius of liberty watches over your work , and already you can say , as Luther formerly did , God is with us ! After the hard trials we have gone through , it is useless to refer again to the imprudence of those labourers who , anxious to realise the association , went and carelessly placed themselves under the yoke of self-styled protectors , organisers , money-lenders , they have paid dear enough for their credulity . Associations must be constituted , organised , by labourers . Those men who seek to meddle with their affairs , are , for the most part , only intriguers , who wish to make a commercial speculation of them , or else use them as political instruments .
One of your great preoccupations must also be to attract through low prices , the numerous class of poor consumers . I know it well , associations cannot tread on the foot-matks of public vampires , like those merchants always on the look-ont for ruins and failures , and who profit by the misfortunes of their fellow-tradesmen , to obtain at mythic prices , goods sold afterwards below the market price , at an enormous profit . I know it well , associations cannot either , as owners of factories do it , specu l ate upon slacknessoflahourandonmisery : they cannot , byperformins i their work at a low price , cause the already so much reduced rate of salaries to fall ; they are ,
consequently , under the necessity of selling at a higher pviee than factory owners , a necessity which exposes them to sell in less quantities . But this is only applicable to those corporations infected with the scourge of factory system . Everywhere else , associations should make it their study to deliver their produce at the lowest possible price . They are in possession of the confidence of the people ; they must justify that confidence . They have a double end to effect ; the first , to free the labourer from the speculation of man by man ; the second , to suppress ! the parasite intermediaries , the retailers , and thus realise , for the profit of the consumer , a onstderable economy .
There is another point , my dear friends , to which I cannot too earnestly call your attention . Be careful not to draw around your associations an insuperable circle , or even render them difficult of access . This would be reviving the odious system ofjurandts and maitriscs * If associations , instead of being opened to all , were only reunions of individuals in a fixed and determined number , united by the common desire of get . ting riches at the expense of their brethren , they would no longer have anything to distinguish them fram certain commercial societies which abound around us , and only constitute new gangs of speculators .
At the time of the Provisional government , several associations had received from the state important orders . One of the first acts of reaction in power was to refuse abruptly the execution of those agreements passed with all the forms that render a contract binding and sacred . It was ruining all at once those associations which , relying on the faith of regular treaties , hadalready laid out considerable sums . When an indemnity for certain associations was talked of , they differed , threw in obstacles in the hope that those associations , so cruelly struck , should perish before payment . It even happened once , th it the indemnity was flatly refused altogether .
Now , in those associations , created for the object of arrivjng without a shock at the suppression of competition , competition was introduced and installed . By the side of a house opened in a favourably situated neighbourhood , a second association was established , then a third . Customers thua dispersed , were no longer sufficient to support the three establishments . They all three failed , where one alone would have prospered . This result would not have occurred , if the distribution , the management of associations had been entrusted to careful hands , instead of being abandoned to hazard and caprice ; if a methodical plan had been adopted , a plan fixed upon beforehand , by a competent meeting .
The fact is , that associations can only live by a mutual and close connexion . There must be established between them the same bond which exists between the divers members of each of them . Isolated one from another , they would most assuredly fail in their struggle against the owners of privileges . Well united , resting upon one another , and giving each other a mutual help , they will form a compact mass , and will be enabled to resist the crisis of politics and those of industry , until the day when the state will reckon amongst its first duties , that of attending to the welfare of the labouring classes .
Following the above is an address to Louis Blasc , from Fatjre , Greppo , and Nadaudall three Operatives , and Representatives of the French in the present Assembly ; Faure being a cutler , Greppo a weaver , andNADAUD a stonemason . This address is equally creditable to the addressers and the party addressed . " Persecution , condemnation , exile , " say they , " have only rendered more profound , more ardent , the sympathy and confidence of thepeople towards you . We seize with eagerness this
opportunity to express the joy with which the operative members of the Assembly hail your publication , The Nem World . * * * To you , dear citizen , belongs that task so gloriously commenced at the Luxembourg . Be assured that in that great work the best wishes and hopes of the labouring classes will accompany you ; that they will aid you with their concurrence , and support you with that immense force which the earnest assent of several millions of men confers . "
Articles on "Hungary , " " Jewish Disabilities , " and " A Political Review of the Month , " complete the contents of this number of the JVeio World .
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Tlie Illustrated Atlas , and Modern History of the World . Edited by R . Montgomery Martin , Esq . Parts X , and XI . The History of Ireland . By T . Wright , Esq . Part XV . London : J . and F . Tallis , 100 , St . John-street . Maps of "Ireland , " "Egypt , and Arabia Petrrea , " "Switzerland , " and "Greece , " are contained in parts X . and XI . of the Illustrated Atlas . The part before us of the History of Ireland is more than ordinarily interesting . The civil wars and massacres in the time of Charles I . are powerfully narrated , without passion or prejudice on the part of the historian . The " Murder of Shane O'Neill ' * is the subject of the engraved illus-• These two terms refer to the peculiar and exclusire organisation of trades in the middle ages ., Jurande was an office in the corporations from which much abuse and injustice was derived ; Maitrises , or mastership , was the qualification of an operative to the full amount of the wages generally earned in his trade . As that qualification was conferred by the corporation alone , there resulted out of these feudal principles ,. the most abominable , vexatious , and atrocious acte ot injustice and . tyr anny . —E » . ! i ..
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The Lancashire Beacon . We have-received ' / . V Vl > aud VI - of a new penny weekly periodical , published at Manchester . The articles are cleverl y written . From No . V . we take the following very sensible observations on MOIUI , FORCE STMPATHT AND TIIB FALL OP nUXOARY , We appeal to the fact as conclusive against nonresistants , whose cowardly peace-at-alhmcc policy contributed to this result . We fearlessly assert , that if England had protested against the impudent invasion of Hungary by Russia , and accompanied the protest with a distinct intimation that , if not attended to , it would be backed by an army , the
Scause of llungary , insteal of being trampled in the dust by barbarian Cossacks , would long ere this have triumphed , and tha ^ , too , without the least necessity for actual intervention . A warlike attitude was the one thing needful to cow that infernal autocrat who calk himself Emperor of all the Ru « sias . Who , save an idiot , or politicians of the Mrs . Gamp and Betsy Prig school , could expect the " miscreant of the north 'to retrace his steps , or turn aside from the brutal path on which he had entered , because the gallant people whom he had aimed at reducing to ignoble bondage were assisted by moral force speeches from parson or other politicians at public meetings ? Iso man knows better than Nicholas that
Sympath y without relief Is like to mustard without beef . Would to God all Englishmen understood it as weU , for if they did the game of make-believe in matters of foreign policy would be up , and the despots of Austria and Russia made to feel that we are not merely a nation of jabberers who amuse ourselves by sending ship loads of sympathy to the relief of nations struggling against oppression but worthy descendants of those gallant Saxons who knew how to fight as well as talk for the liberties of nations . England ought to blush for her foreien noliav
which has always been warlike when a Bourbon or some other despotism was to be upheld , but the very image of peacefulness when liberty called for assistance . Were we despotB , and anxious to perpetuate the dominion of tyranny ( which so circumstanced it is possible we might be ) , our greatest favourites would be talkative patriots , who , detesting tyranny much but loving peace more , are ever ready to ^ % but never prepared to help those who dare resist it ; and we should be all the more obliged to them if , like the devil , they quoted Scripture for their purpose , as then they would dignify crime by giving it the sanction of a holy faith .
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__ SUNSHINE AND STIADOAY ; A TALE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY . Bt THOMAS MARTIN WHEEIER , Late Secretary to the National Charter Association and National Land Company . Chapter XXVI . Men of England , wherefore plough For the lords who lay ye low-Wherefore weave with toil and care , The rich robes your tyran . ts wear ? Wherefore feed , and cloth , and save , From the cradle to the grave , Those ungrateful drones , who would Drain your sweat—nay , drink your blood ? Wherefore , bees of England , forge Many a weapon , chain , and scourge , That those stingless drones may spoil The forced produce of your toil !
Sow seeds , but let no tyrants reap—Find wealth , let no imposter heap 'Weave robes , let not the idle wear-Forge arms in your defence to hear . Shelley . 'Tis morn , the sun 13 trying in vain to shino through the clouds of mist that envelope the goodly town of Manchester ; its myriads of tall chimneys , each in itself a work of art , are disgorging their sulphurous vapour which , joining with the mist and becoming condensed , return again in showers , which would make you imagine that it never ceased raining in this metropolis of our cotton dominions . The streets are crowded with men , women , and children , hurrying to their respective factories .
keeping time to the chiming of the bell , fearful lest it should cease ere they reach their destination , and a deduction be made from their already too scanty earnings . But many groups have collected together who seem not to heed the incessant ringing , or to participate in the general haste ; rumours have reached them that the men of nyde , Ashton , Stalybridge , and the surrounding towns , are about to enter Manchester and cause the factories to coase working until aomo definite object is achieved ; some say , a rise in wages—some , a ltcpeal of the Com Laws—whilst others maintain that the strike is to be continued until the Charter become the Law of the Land . The League masters had commenced their campaign : some more darinsr than the rest
had actually closed their mills for a month ; but the majority had given notices ot heavy reductions in the rate of wages , thus throwing the responsibility of the strike upon the workmen—this trap had well succeeded . In all the towns surrounding Manchester the strike had become universal ; in the words of the Executive Address , " Within fifty miles of Manchester every engine was at rest , and all was still save the millers useful wheels , and the friendly sickle in the fields . " The League agents were busy in propounding their scheme—that toil should cease until the Corn Laws were abolished and wages increased . Shopkeepers , manufacturers , all coincided in this preconcerted plan . Funds were largely subscribed—provisions distributed
among the turn-outs—places of worship were opened for their meetings , and all seemed to bid fair to realise the League predictions . The magistrates , though fully aware of these proceedings , in accordance with the declarations of many of their body , refused to interfere , and secretly abetted the conspiracy . From the 26 th of July to the 8 th of August , continued meetings were held , and language of the most exciting description indulged in . On that day a League manufacturer proposed that they should march on Manchester , "which , under the influence of Chartist councils , had hitherto remained quiescent , but not apathetic—for a meeting of Trades' delegates had been convened to deliberate on this momentous question , aud a conference
of Chartist delegates , in accordance with a long prior arrangement , was to assemble on the 10 th of the month . On the noon of the day first mentioned , the 9 th of August , the excitement , feebly demonstrated in the morning , has become intense ; some thousands of artisans , Inarching in procession , have already arrived at Holt Town , and caused the factories to stop . Here they were met by two of the magistrates , who , placing themselves at their head , and dismissing Colonel Wemyss and the military , seemed to give a semi-official character to their proceedings . Under this guidance they were conducted into the town . Everywhere on their passage work was abandoned , either voluntarily , or by the forcible interposition of the multitude . For
three days and three nights was Manchester entirely under the control of this unarmed mass of people ; nearly every town in the district was similarly situated , yet not one act of robbery or personal violence was perpetrated . Oil , what an answer is this to those who say that Chartism means robbery and spoliation . Tens of thousands of men were collected together—their passions inflamed—their power unbounded — the law seemed to have abandoned its supremacy , yet property was as much respected—human life was esteemed as sacred as if naught had happened to disturb the tranquillity of the town . Meanwhile the object of the strike was still undefined . Some were in favour of a rise in the wages , others a Repeal of the Corn Laws , hut
the predominant feeling was in favour of the Charter ; so long as opinions fluctuated—so long as there was a chance of the League object being achievedso long did ' the authorities seem to forget that this state of things was not strictly compatible with their functions as justices and magistrates . But on the 12 th this indecision was brought to a termination ; for at a meeting of the delegates of the trades at Manchester and its vicinity—also of delegates from the chief towns of Yorkshire and Lancashireit was almost unanimously decided that the strike should be prolonged until the Charter was obtained , and that delegates should be sent throughout the country announcing this determination to their fellow-men . This was a final blow to the League
pro-. 1 1 l 1 11 «• . 1 ¦ P * ject , and it aroused them from their supineness ; the monster they had created threatened to destroy their existence ; they no longer directly or indirectly sanctioned the strike , hut issued proclamation after proclamation , menacing all who took part therein . Meetings of delegates were forcibly dispersed—special constables were sworn in by thousands—military began to swarm in the streets , where hitherto a redcoat had been unseen . But a spirit was around that could not easily be quietedmeetings of trades delegates were still covertly held , and still did their placards announce their determination to persevere in the struggle for political
power . All eyes were now turned to the assembling of the Chartist Convention ; this body met on the 16 th ; here was a new element brought into action , or rather a gathering into one focus , of all the scattered elements previously existing . Had this body met a few days earlier , while the authorities were silently gazing around , the energy and enthusiasm they brought into the contest might have rendered it successful ; but the crisis was past , throughoutthe whole district the magistrates were prepared for any emergency-the troops of the whole empire were fast concentrating upon the north—the blood of the people , had already reddened the streets of Preston and Blackburn—the
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moThSSX " , . eirown violcnce , hadoftee more Hugged their chains to their wmtv hearts Sid bvuSf procee ( 1 to t&fwo 1 *; 8 urcSmuation S It f ° f ^ ' t ! ilJy stil 1 pwolaiilieda wTrdscaS , ? Lf - StriCe ' their very words were rhPfrriotSSJ InSpire a solution . Listen to SXfe&i ' ? ) qu , K u "Brother Chartists , the Sa ^ iRy &sa iShSs « S « s ^ . s owvlv w > tf . K *»; ? , Sy » arKl anxious masses eageny watch this , the mw . < . *; ., ;< , «*• ™ = » .. ^ sassgr - — ™ ' ™ " *¦"'' ^^ Tr -fTTT ^— " ^~
,, I AhAllll milot « 1 O - "v WAttlQ Ui . VUi tUUQVi tonTndTu wl ° ° f ^ ° ^ mmon prey of masuDon the m nn oV ?! , ™ ? taowledge ' hM beamed that il Zliil 61 T dsmari . &is c ° ™ SXlP LW 1 f P ^ uce .-every thing Tot ^ JS ^ . ISS ^ Sf . ^ i froS the ni h 7 Until ? " iarassed ' Ws body pu-—that tne golden opportune now TO ; n , ; n „„ ,.
? ss&iss sa ly resolve never to resume labour untTlabZ ' s grievances are destroyed , and protectionseoinSto ourselves , our suffering wives , and he Z children by the enactment of the People ' s Cha ? e > ' S listen to the conclusion :- " Countrymen and Brothers . -Centuvies may roll Jn JK W be displayed ; we have made the cast for liK and we must stand , like men , the hazard of th die Let none despond Let all be cool and watchfullet your continued action be like a beacon to guide those who are now hastening far and wide to follow your memorable example . Brethren , wg relv on
your firmness ; cowardice , treachery , or womanly fear , would cast our cause back half a century . Let no man , woman , or child , break down the solemn pledge ; and if they do , may the curse of the poor and starving pursue them , —they deserve slavery who would madly court it . Our machinery is all arranged , and your cause will in three days be impelled onward by all the intellect wo can summon to its aid . Strengthen our hands at this crisis . Support your leaders . Rally round our sacred cause , and leave the decision to the God of Justice and of Battle . " Such was the address put forth by the Executive on behalf of the Conference . Would that their machinery had been all arranged ' but the hour had gone by . Division had already
crept into their Councils . Mr . O'Connor , Harney , lull , and other influential leaders of the body seeing the hopelessness of the contest , —fearin * the rum that would ensue , —were for abandoning the strike ; the men of Wales who had abandoned their hammer and forge , seeing that the Northern Star was opposed to the movement , again resumed their employment ; London and the AVest of England where Chartism was still rife , were left destitute of any correct information how to proceed . One by one the delegates were arrested , or forced to fly wholesale imprisonments became the fate of the poor and the unknown ; treachery aided this feartul consummation ; xthe chance of centuries fleeted from their grasp , and another link was added to the chain of despotism , —another scourge placed in the hands of the tyrants . ( 2 b be continued . )
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^ 1 ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . The exhibition of the Hydro-Electrical Machine has been renewed by Dr . Bachoffner to illustrate his lectures on Electricity , which has beon a great source of gratification to the numerous visitors who daily crowd this most interesting and useful establishment . He stated that the Hydro-Electrical Machine was for the purpose of obtaining a supply of electricity by the agency of water , and observed , that it was one of those extraordinary facts in Natural Philosophy that accident reveals to us , and which startles us with its strange results . The learned Doctor then stated , that previous to the discovery of this machine water was one of the greatest enemies an electrician had to contend with whilst making experiments withfrictional electricity : but
by the aid of this machine , water will give him such a supply of electricity as he can obtain in no other way ; for example , the largest Electrical Machine , of the common kind , in the world , is in the possession of this Institution . It consists of a plate of glass , seven feet in diameter , which , worked by the steam-engine of the establishment , makes ninety revolutions per minute , giving an electrical spin-It , three feet m length ; but the Hydro-Electrical Machine is proved , the Professor said , to be equal m power to eight plates of glass combined , in fact , the electric currant appears to pour out in one continuous stream ; this course enables the operators to carry on their experiments upon a scale of magnificence that previously have been impossible .
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The Tesselated Pavejiexts at Ciuekcestek . — One of the finest and most interesting Roman tesselated pavements ever perhaps found in this country was last week exposed to view in the principal street of this old town , the site of ancient Corinium . The room now discovered forms part of the same building as that which was found some weeks ago , and -which has been taken up and removed , with . 1 view to its ultimate preservation , by laying it down again as the floor of the museum , which , wo understand , Lord Bathurst has in contemplation . This last discovered room is tho sixth that has been found upon , this one spot alone , at tho bottom of Dyer-street , and is equal in point of workmanship , and superior in interest , to any that has vet been
found . The room [ measures from wall to wall about twenty-five feet , four feet on each side bein « occupied by borders of various patterns and widths' Within these borders is a cable border , composed of green and white tessera , about six inches wide , enclosing a square of nearly seventeen feet , which is about the usual size of ordinary rooms . This one therefore is larger than common , by the entire width of its border , eight feet , and is wider bv four feet than even tho magnificent specimen on Lord Bathurst s property At a distance of ten inches from the outside of the green border is the common red buff and white cable , from which the more olaboratc
designs , generally commence . The room contains nine circles , of four feet eight inches diameter each , disposed in three rows " each way , and separated from one another by the cable border , last above-mentioned , surrounding each circle with f n ° S l ? rt h % ' Sfc Cl > cle con ? ains the Il ( * ° S C S M ° f COrn ri ? hand and a wapinghoolv in the other . The next contains a very spirited representation of Actajon and his do"s ^ ti ^ f TT whi ch s hows the st ° f art m the time of the Romans to have been of a very high order . In the third circle is a head of FioS corresponding with that of Coves ' ™ Ttt ?« Wn
represents the jolly old man Silenus riding upon his ass . These fouv circles , together with two small squares formed by the meeting of the adjacent octagons , aye all that are as yet wholly exposed to view , a portion of the others only being visible . Iscendiary fibes in Frikob . _ A letter from Montargis states , that incendiary fires are becoming of alarming frequency in the department of Loiret . On Saturday last two farmhouses at Artenav , with their offices and a vast quantity of agricultural produce were totally consumed . Assistance was afforded by the troops in the neighbourhood . On the same day a farmhouse was burnt at Oison , and property to the amount of upwards of 20 , 000 francs totaly consumed .
iwf JTl CnicrvP'r Bali .-Mr . Godfrey £ «;?„ % *« P 0 ? -Dearno " died recently from concu son of tho tato , occasioned by the ' blow wick ? th < 3 right ear ' whilst playing at
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' THE ROYAL ETCHINGS . MRS . JUDGE'S REPLY TO MR , ANSON , 13 , Gloucester-place , Windsor . Sir T w « * 1 Se P teraber 13 th , 1819 . TOufoiLte ° -5 eg y , ° U wiU - d 0 raD the fay 0 U 1 ' . EBSB ^^^ ficence J y d her Illust » o « s Consort ' s benesttaasssss&'srasi'S your Royal Mistress , or his Royal [ ffiXow the s »^ ,, «^ S i w « luupt \ U - == > - »
rna * vn TAim nni . L * M .. j _ . , .. , was on your part il-adviscd ; as it must fully prove to every thinking person , that the whole proceedmgs that have been instituted against my husband , Mr . Judge , arose from vindfetive feeling and not mereJyWnse he had in his possession u £ V v , f ^ n lt f ^ made byh <* Majesty and the Prince Albert . But wh y you should suffer those feelings to assail his defenceless wife , I am perfectly at a loss to imagine . I am , I must confess , astonished that a gentleman should so far forget his position as to calumniate a woman ' s character in the columns of a newspaper . It would have been but an act of justice or . your part to have made public at the same time my letter , or , as you term it , to her
my " petition Majesty , to which your letter is a reply . ' That you have calumniated my character is apparent , by your asserting in your letter that the allegations brought forward by me , were wholly unfounded ; in other words , that I had told a falsehood to my Sovereign . You have not had the genehn / Lm ° w ? & JW PMticular allegation , but from what I gathered in the course of conversation with a gentleman at Messrs . White and Brou"h-Sp ,, + r " e ifc J ' W ^ ted in my letter , tnat two ^ £ 7 " ? of ln . uncti 0 M "ad been issued , two against my husband , two against my son , and two against my husband ' s publisher , Mr . Strange SShW" ? * hat lt Wa « only a " <*"« to mj son , ' 5 ? lserved / hhn
^^ ™ , ^ y upo . That a jyoman should make " a mistake T le " ai technicalities , and especiall y those relating to Chan-S . iT ? ^ ' 7 ? aPPear t 0 me t 0 P » arte wiser heads than females are generally allowed to possess , is , I may venture to affirm , no very extraordinary circumstance , and ought to be suffered to pass without drawing upon her the accusation of telling falsehoods . J ° ^ sa L " n ? itherhave Mr-Strange ' s costs been S t ? £ v " f n- , > T- Mr- Ju ( &e ' s d el't owing to His Royal Highness Prince Albert !" That Mr . Strange ' s costs were added to those of Mr Judge you , yourself , admit , by saying , in another part of your letter , that " Mr . Jud-re wm
irom ttie beginning liable to the whole costs / ' But since Mr . Strange was absolved from the costs in his case . I cannot see why the other defendant to the suit should be charged with the whole of them It may be equity , but I defy any one to call it justice . If you reter to my letter you will find that I never asserted that Mr . Judge ' s debt was owing to His lloyal Highness Prince Albert , but , had I done so , 1 should onl y have repeated the legal phraseolo « y of the writ , for there , it distinctly states that ifr Judge is to be taken or kept in custody for a debt due to llis Royal Highness Prince Albert ; I cannot give the exact terms , as I have it not before me it being with Mr . Judge , at Reading .
lou say Mr . Strange "made his submission . " That / positively deny . His counsel did so , without any instructions to that effect from either him or his son , who was present during the proceedings , and who distinctl y stated to the counsel that he was only there as a spectator , and would give no instructions , when they urged him to « ive his consent . " Your husband , " you further " ohacrvc , " on the contrary , obliged it ( 'the suit' ) to proceed against him b y following the opposite course . " That , pardon me , Sir , is not tile fact . Mr . Judge has only , throughout the whole 0 mnccry affair , acted as he was compelled . He did not take one step either to incur or increase costs . He has delivered up the Etchings and the catalogues in his
possession , and he has only loft undone what it was not in his power to do , that is , pay the costs , which her Majesty has generousl y done for him . As my letter is somewhat lengthy , I shall content myself by replying to the remainder of your epistle by merely asking you , or any one else , to point out a single instance of'Mr . Judjre having vilified " any of the acts of the private life" of cither Her Majesty or llis Royal Hi ghness Prince Albert To your kindly aspiration " may he in future support his family by . 1 more honourable industry , " 1 be " leave to say , that if he continues to support his lamily by as honourable an industry as he has hitherto done , he will neither disgrace himself nor them . I have the honor to remain , Sir , Your most obedient Servant , ( Signed ) Maut Judge .
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^ A Jlisjror ' s Bojj Mot — Dp r « . i > , ^ m , ~ -n- 1 of Norwich ) and hisSnd VS i „ w £ * 3 remarkable for excessive corpulence were oS ! accidentally upset , and precipitated i nt 0 £ deepest depth of mud they could have possibS selected . The servants ran up to help then ?!! to ? ho quandary , but could not help ] au hin- Jhoa hey beheld Dr . Stabbins , fat and forW lJJS lessiy on his back , like a turtle , in a bed of mud and slush , with tho worthy bishop piled again on mm ; and tins unseasonable risibility was increased to tho utmost when Dr . Corbet humourously cried out , " Here ' s Stubbins up to the elbows in mud . anUlm up to the elbows in Stubbins . " Mr . S . declared that his wife had five fullsan inn ?? £ eautifu 1 ' dutiful , youthful , plentiful , and
«\ i ^" w ^ tii .-M . Maniple , a learned Belgun , has lately discovered a simple means of dis-^^ "isisfT ^ stjt rswssi&stsr " ¦ " ** At North Shields there has boon recently extracted from a woman ' s shoulder a 5 c « S 4 Sh fifteen years ago entered one of her fin-era A J , oble Romax , being asked why he had nut away Ins wife she bein ^ beautiful and r £ h , he Btretehod forth h , foot and showed his buskin . « h X « 1 ' * Said he ' " a hands > ° me and complete ShtS . '' 0 matt bUt ^ know ^ *
A Boy , selling newspapers at the railway station at Wy , was calling out one Saturday evening- " Toill "" ' 8 ^? n , " « pon which apassonocr , attempting a witticism , cried out , " What ' s the use of to-day ' s Times ? I'll give a shilling for to-Z ! T / £ " d the 1 bOy V ^ atdy handed him the Sunday Times , when the passenger refused to f l ?^ } ^ ' f s « Pcnce , but hu fellow-travelwfttoTift " \ -u- ep 1 " S Word ' S " lve tlie sharpwitted lad a shilling for a sixpenny paper ! ^ wn . T ,. l IANol > s , crved a stone rolling down a ? SMu b « rapcd s evefy 8 tair tui itcame to the bottom ; there , of course , it rested . " That stone , " said lie " resembles the national debt of mj country ; it has bumped on every grade of f * wmmumty , but its weight rests on the
» « m « / Tf-T * remote En s lish county . ifc 3 said that that a few years ago a signboard had the following unique inscri ption :- "In crossing this here ford you must bear to tho ri ght when you come to tho middle of the stream . . tfB .-Thein as can't read had better go round by the bridge , two miles lurtiier down . f , Il n r ?? , Of an En S lish vesseI <> nce sailed ftom Cadiz with a number of passengers aboard ; £ ™ Wf , A ™ ° l » nan , ° who evinced 5 TW foar lest the shlP should bc t ! lken by one slaves ti fl ° T' , t'iey , should a ^ o ™ d ° slaves to the Moors . "Don ' t be in the least alarmed , " cries the captain ; "for before I'd let my ship fall into the hands of those d—id rLca s , I'd blow her into the air " »«»» - « " » , olJ ° lt fT ^ } , Sajr tha , tthe hearfc ™ ver grew ruin became sad from being cased in a inrliiS rOma - 'kcd " lhat th 0 climax of h ™ how h T k " amVC n a W ° dou I t cave
Lai-go masses of tho inhabitants of Baden are preparing to emi grate to America . , " Why do you not hold up your head , as I do ?" inquired an aristocratic lawyer of a neighbouring farmer . "Squire , " replied the farmer , "look at that field of grain ; all the valuable heads hang down like mine , while those who have nothin" in them stand up like yours . " > , Eliza , " saida Sunday-school teacher , " you suould not waste your precious time curling your hair , if heaven intended it to bc curled it would have curled _ it for you . " " Indeed , " said the maiden Imustdifter with you . When I was an infant heaven curled it for me , but now I am grown up , it thinks I am able to do it myself "
"Aue tou an Odd Fellow ? " "No , sir- I ' ve been married for a week . " - " I mean do you belong to the order of Odd Fellows ? " « No no 1 belong to the order of Married Men . "— " Mcrcv how dumb ! Arc you a Mason ? " "No- I ' m ' a carpenter by trade . " - "Worse and worse ! Are you a Son of Temperance ! " " Bother you no I am a son of Mr . John Goslinff . "—f he querist went away . 1 The Church and Education — Tho state of the grammar schools all over the country , exposed bv the report of a commission , forms one of the blackest records in the whole history of abuse and these schools were the exclusive possession of the church .
A RuvMijfo IUscal .-Li a city well known to everybody ( if they can find out the name ) , a poetical genius was hauled up before a magistrate for kissing a girl , and kicking up a dust , and the followin " dialogue ensued : — ° Magistrate . —Is your name John Jay ? Prisoner . —Yes , your honour , so the jicoitle sny . Magistrate . —Was it you that kissed tho irirl , and raised the alarm ? ° ' Prisoner . —Yes , your honour , but I thought it was no harm . Magistrate . —You rascal ! did you come here to make rhymes ? Prisoner . —Xo , your honour , but it will happen sometimes . Magistrate . — Bc off , you scamp ! get out of my sight . Prisoner . —Thank ' e , your honour ; then I'll bid you good night .
Mr . Musters died on Saturday week at liis seat , Anncaley Park , in tho county of Nottingham n"ed seventy-two . He was the fortunate rival of Lord Byron , and married Miss Chaivorth ( the noble poets "Alary , " ) in 1 S 00 , when his lordship was a minor . He is succeeded in his large possessions bv his grandson John , a boy thirteen years of age . " / I he Manchester Guardian , of Wednesday , mentions a report that the experiments of the East India Company in growing cotton arc about to be abandoned , although the prospects are most encouraging , and earnestly recommends tlie subject to the attention of capitalists . Austria i : xi > £ . vds upon its army the third of its revenue : Prussia the half ; Russia the fourth iranco expends every year - £ 10 , 000 , 000 sterlhi " upon its war establishment . °
. A Private letter from Italy states , that proceedings were about to be instituted , at Florence against the printer who had printed an edition of the Italian Bible for Captain Pakenham . A CAitmtiDGF . tutor , askhi ff an Irish " freshman " it he was his father ' s oldest son , youn « ' Pat replied , "At present I am . " The Western Times tolls us that to Woodhurv church-door "John Stamp , constable , " attixed a noticeof " a licensing meeting for the Purpus of grantcn Licones to Pursones kecpen or about to
keep inns for tho Pnrpos of Silen Exces Lickcrs . " Co-oruiUTiox . —Co-operation is a lars ; c , a comprehensive term . In it may be traced the germs of civilisation . In it , may be traced , power , peaco , and plenty . Uy it companies of individuals have become rich , and by it kings and autocrats have been able to keep half the world in subjection . It is the areat lover , by the proper use of which , the working classes of this and every other country lniijlit raise themselves from their present state of serfdom and slavery , to that state which nature ' s God ordained . —Independence .
PitixcK Canixo Buoxapaktk , who has Icon attending the meetings of the British Association , declined to accept the invitation to a soiree proposed to be held to his honour at Birmingham , on Monday last , to express " admiration of the truoly-heroic ltomau people . " Population of Losdon . —The number of deaths registered in London hist week ( says a correspond dent ) was 3 , 133 ; that is equal to d 5 i every day , nineteen evevy hour , and one person every three minutes . This may appear very alarming to some readers , but they must bear in mind that the . vast
extent and population of our metropolis , London and its suvvounding districts , contains nearly 0 , 090 , 000 persons . If this immense number of persons were placed in a line , at a distance of fourteen yards apart , they would reach to the extent of 2 o , 000 miles , or more than the circumference of the globe ; so that if persons died at the above rate , viz ., one every three minutes , aud allowing 1 , 000 births every week , it would then be twenty-six years before all the people in London were * extinct . — Globe .
lire Loxdox Water . —The hardness of water is owing to tho presence of earth y and alkaline salts A great portion of the water used in London labours under this grave defect . The consequences arc , great waste and enhanced cost in washing and ciilinary processes , and a long catalogue of bodily sufferings entailed on tho drinkers of the impure beverage . To illustrate by contrast tho pernicious effects of repeated calcorous drenches , we need only point to the restorative qualities of the Malvera waters . Long before Priessnitz and hydropathy were heard of , those celebrated springs ' were resorted to for their curative powers , ' especially in diseases of the digestive organs , the kidneys , Ac ., such as the hard water of London tends to produce
* ow the Malvcrn waters nro - not of the mineral class ; they euro , not by means of any medicinal ingredients contained in them , but simply by virtue of their own exceeding purity . Their specific gravity is only 1 . 002 , showing them to be all but devoid of foreign admixture . There lies beneath London , quite accessible , and ready to overflow for our use , an inexhaustible lake of water as pure as that of MaJvorn ; but wo arc forbidden to touch it . Tho sick Londoner , craving for Nature ' s pine cordjalflraught , must gulph down his lime-di-uggettyf » ti < ta , v in reverence for tho monopoly of the Wale ' Com * panics . —Spectator , - \ :- ; : '
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MARYLEBONE THEATRE . On Monday night Mrs . Mowatfc made her first appearance for the season as Hcatricc , in Much Ado about Nothing . This is one of her very best char acters . Her innate intelligence and vivacity have free play ; while her physical powers are not too severely taxed . Tho points with which her dialogue is studded she gave without a particle of malice and without the slightest appearance of effort . It is a merry nature displaying its own geniality , uncurbed by fear or convention . The sentiment of the character is brought out with grace and feeling , and the whole performance evinces a thorough study of the part , with a sympathy for its peculiarities . " Her manners arc completely those of the educated and accomplished lady , whose native spirit has not been crushed by her training . So much hearty mirth
with so much grace are rarely combined . Benedict was one of Mr . Davenport ' s favourite characters in the United States , and he has played it here on the occasion of his benefit . He is completely versed in all the points of the character , and he acts throughout with unwearied force and spirit . The play went as well as possible with the audience . Tho hi gh and the low comedy , the interchange of repartees between Beatrice and Benedict , and the droll blunders of Dogberry and Verges , kept up a continued roar of merriment . At the end Mrs , Mowatt was vociferously called for by the audience , and was led on by Mr . Davenport , when she received such a shower of boqucts that she was embarrassed to reduce them to portable dimensions . With her appearance the Marylebone season may bc said fairly to begin . The house was crammed to the ceiling .
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SETin a n beaut i ^ ' ofart ' Both thes ° goodvSs U ° dcserveour wamest traitnn » v 7 77 ~ ' tutttou-- a beautiful work of art . Pnfn irr-r
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A Fexum : Sailor .- —On the 20 th inst . " a person wearing the dress of a common sailor , and to all nppoarancoofthe male sex , was brought before the magistrates at the police office , by liead-constable Crowley , under the following extraordinary circumstances : —It appeared that tho prisoner , who belonged to an American vessel now in the port went down to the Cove in the Princess Alice steamer , for the purpose of being paid off , when a suspicion arose in the mind of Mi . Cameron , the captain of the steamer , as to the sex of his passenger . Ho mentioned the matter to head-constable Orowlcy , in Cove ,. and when tho prisoner , after being paid off , returned to the steamer for Jiis purpose of coming back to Cork , the hcad-constabln
charged the prisoner directly with being a female She denied the fact at first , but after a few questions had been put to her she admitted that she was a woman , and said that her name was Abigil Lindsey . Head-constable Crowloy then deemed it right to have her brought before the magistrates . The account which she gave of herself was extremely singular . She stated thnt her father was a spar maker , living at St . John ' s , Kew Brunswick , and that she had boon in exceedingly comfortable circumstances . About eight years ago , she stated , she had been seduced by a captain of a vessel named Bradford , who promised to marry her , and by whom she had a child . His vessel sailed soon after , and ho left her without givinjfher any notice whntnvnr
of his departure . After a long time had passed without hearing any tidings of him , she felt that he had completely deserted her , and she at once adopted the extraordinary resolution of disguising herself us a sailor , and going on board some vessel with the hope of meeting her seducer somewhere , and , as she herself stated , of being revenged . For five years she remained on board ship under the name of John Browne , being employed as cook , but fve < i \ iei ] tly having to perform the duties of a common seaman . She stated that she saw the captain who she was in search of once on a quay in London , and she wanted to be allowed to go ashore , but as her vessel was preparing to sail she was not allowed to do so . She declared that she would have stabbed him if she got the opportunity . Since then she had served on board several vessels without being discovered . By the orders of the magistrate the
saltwatev Amazon was allotted a separate and tolerably comfortable room in the Bridewell , until moans can be found of ascertaining the truth of the story , and having her sent back to her native place . As might be imagined , she is an exceedingly masculine-looking woman . Her age she stated to bc twenty-three , but she appears at least four or five years older , her complexion being much tanned fromexposure to the sun and weather . She has dark hair , fine looking eyes , a short nose , very well-formed mouth and chin , and is on the whole a striking and good-looking person , but with scarcely any traco of a feminine appearance . Several persons having come to see her at the Bridewell to-day , she became indignant , and declared that if she were made an
cxMbition of any longer she would destroy herself ; orders were therefore at once given that no person should be allowed to see her , more especially as she was exceedingly unwell all night and this day . It is said that some medical gentlemen who saw her expressed their opinion that her eyes had a peculiar wildncss in them , which indicated something like a tendency to insanity . A subscription is about to be made for the purpose of procuring a proper style of clothing for tho unfortunate girl , ( who now wears the coarse blue trousers , blue shirt , and jacket of a common seaman , ) and means to enable her to return to the place of her birth . —Coj * Examiner . Imprisonment for Non-payment of Rates . — Frederick Welsh , of Buckingham , described as a
tarmer , die , was summoned by Mr . Turner , one of the overseers of Buckingham , for the non-payment of two poor and other rates , amounting to £ 2 15 s . lOd . ; and , immediately upon non-payment a distress warrant was issued against his goods and chattels for £ 5 Is . 5 d . It appears , however that all these had been disposed of , on the 17 th instant , by Mr . Baker , under a bill oi sale ; consequently , we suppose the only return . to the warrant was nidla bona . The defendant was committed to the Borough gaol for one month on account of poorrates for the Borough ; fourteen days for a poor-rate for Prebend-end ; and fourteen days for a highwayrate for Prebend-end , —making a term of two months' imprisonment . —Bucks Chronicle
, New Way to Dress Vegetables . —With plain boiled pease , when just boiled , I put in a . stowpan a little milk , butter , cayenne pepper , and oho ounce of grated Parmesan cheese—stir two minutes and serve . French beans may bo dressed tho same way , as also young broad beans and cauliflowers , or any small vegetables . —M . Soyer . It mat not be uninteresting to know th&t Garibaldi , tho leader of tho insurrectionists of Rome , onco kopt a public-houBO on Sixth-street , between Plum and Western-row in this city . —Cincinnati Commercial ,
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September 29 , 1849 . m , THE NORTHERN STAR . ' " __ ¦ ^¦ . __ .. __ ,, 3 ^^^^ ^ ^^ ' ,
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 29, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1541/page/3/
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