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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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tuereceivershavedoir aSZif f , " o'" * ether countsrendered b 3 ttefeS ^ f ° r ae reuts ! -r ^ « - sSaSSSSfiVv ; aassirSass i «« rSSsg 2 nf B y a « ar « im confession they are gWlty of worse crimes than they imaeine as SS ^ aasisSE ™ nl il SW 6 ar to P erfo ^ -and ° rol , the property they are paid to protect . But notody talks of impeachment , or a trial at the
UM bailey and transportation for life . ' There isonelaw for the rich and another for the Erfr ?? ' fe insof ^ ° ne arc depict ed m all their nated deformity , because the sinner « ragged . and houseless ; the sins of the S . S 6 Wapped U ? k F *!* ' fine Men : they are at vrorst but amiable weaknesses-gentlemanl y foibles-which grace , rather than detract from , the character of those who belong to the aristocracy . A Mouse of Commons thatreally represented the tax-payers of the community , would mate short work with such a nest of negligent , knorant , incapable connivers at public plunder
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RECEIPTS OF THE NATIONAL LARfl COMPANY For shb "Webk Exdixq Thdbsd ± t Xotembee 22 , 18 i 9 , SHARES . Jfottjugliam .. 0 16 W . Eden . ** ! % S . ''" e fc :: Si ! - * - »! * . 5 SS ™ :: { 11 * ± j TOTALS . land Fund . Expense ditto # \\\ I f ? loan ditto ' X \ ° Hentsfrom Allottees ... ... " ; J jj J * G 9 W . Dreox , C . Doyle ""—""X . Clauk , Cor . Sec . P . M'GiUTn , Fin . Sec .
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THE NATIONAL REFORM LEAGUE ( From our Third Edition of last week . ) This association is founded under tlie auspicies -of Mr . J . B . O'Brien , B . A . and his disciples , for the advocacy of the " Peoples Charter , " the gradual resumption by the State of the Lands , Mines , Fisheries , &c , of the United Kingdom and the Colonies , to be held in perpetuity for the entire People ; a sound system of national credit and a national currency , based on real consumable wealth , and the establishment in every town or city of
marts for the reception of all kinds of exchangeable goods ; such measures to he obtained by whatever League and constiutional means the League may thing proper to adopt and circumstance may justify . To carry out these objects the first public meeting -was held at the Literary and Scientific Institution ) John-street , on Friday evening , November 16 th . Messrs . 6 . W . M . Reynolds , ( who occupied the chair , ) G . J . Holyoake , D . TV . Ruffy , M . Hart , J . W . Linton , and its fonnder and President ( Mr . O'Brien ) were present .
The Chairman * gave in his adhesion to the principles enunciated by the League . His doctrine was , that the earth belonged to those upon it , and that every man should be well clad , housed , and fed , beforeany idler should be allowed to derive any sustenance therefrom . He contended that the producers of all wealth should not be treated worse than the lowest animals , and ultimately be thrust in a union bastile , and most pathetically lamented the present state of society , and denounced it " as a scandal and disgrace to civilisation . " The principle relating to the Land , as laid down by the League , would be most beneficial in its result , if properly carried out . Mr . Reynolds ' s observations elicited the wannest applause .
Mr . 6 . J . Holtoake in moving the firstof a series of resolutions , enforced it with his usual clear logical and forcible arguments . He looked on that and similar meetings recently held , as the symbols of coming democratic strength , and described the Chartists as the most" generous and just of politicians . " Mr . Holyoake declared Red Republicanism to be perferable to Red Monarchy , and that if the people wished their own prosperity they must take their sfihirs into their own hands . Mr J . W . Lotos was glad , to appear after sa months absence , once more on that platform to ad-Tocate Chartism . He thought when people left Ohartism to advocate the principles set forth by the Parliamentary and Financial Reform Associa * 5 nn fhev deserted their principles . The advocates
« f these measures insulted the people whentney Slled them " aftll , fair , and free representation o . SKerale , " leaving as it did three orfour millions Sffithepale of the constitution . MrIanton mm Sd inSnd to go on for further retaw . numediately V ? i ^ sstrssfft f- ^ ta-t mmm f 3 * y * ££ »?• O'Brien resumed b . «* fit orftSS « g ^ n to the chairman , and the meeting then adjourned .
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L ' AMI DU PEUPLE . TO TnE EBmBJw TOE NORTHERN ^ *^ J&S £ * 2 L'AMI DU PEUPLE .
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THE F RENCH DEMOCRATS . Oa Wednesday weninTTovembtr 21 , the pub-^ isawyssuS Set ° ? e Irfsb Terence preveSu gmng the speeches aelivered at this interesting and SSlS ? meeti ^ - BttChanan mov ^ nrst resolution , as follows : — tri ' h tha ?« T thJLmeeting rec ° gnisiDS " * great wuiu mat Aix the pbopi . es of the earth abe BREinsEs , and , consequently holding that . »«»*«»
Sr tT xf . . defen « Jer 3 of justice 16 any part of Sri . rl H ' m ^ ' b J y l 0 the P ° P' ° ot this , and every other nation , herebv condemns the miquitious jud gment pronounced by the iudicial tools of the traitorous and tyrannical government of France-on those legislative and other representatives of tho French people , who on the 13 th of June , 1849 . heroically attempted to sare the R / raan Republic from destruction , France trom dishonour and European freedom from the conspiracy of the enemies of human progression . " Mr . J . Bronterre O'Brien seconded the resolution , which was adopted unanimously . Julian Harney moved the adoption cf tne Addresses , which will be found below . The motion was seconded by Mr . Kydd , supported bv Mr . M'watn , and unanimously agreed to .
The following resolution was then moved bv Julian Harney , seconded by Mr . Townsend , and unanimously carried : — JS ; i !' TLat this ?? eetin S cannotsoparate without paying homage to the memories of the democratic martyrs of Germany , Italy , Hungary , and Poland ; SfaSfarfT T ^ T ^ W * the patriots of those lands who are suffering in dungeons and m exde ; this meeting also devotes to ™ S SSL ^ wS ffi ^ d privileged terrorists who have shed the blood of the just and the brave for the purpose of maintaining their unhol y
Hsurpa-Thanks were then voted to the chairman ; and the meeting brolceup with three tremendous cheers for "the Mountain , " three for Ledru Roliin and his suffering compatriots , and three for Kossuth , Ma zini , and all the champions of Democracy .
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THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS . To the Citizens Ledru Roliin , Martin Bernard EtienneArago , ( Chef de Battaillon National Guard ); Landolphe , Sergent Rattier , ( 48 th hne infantry ) ; Ribeyrolles , Madierde Montjau jeune , Jules Lechevallier , Songeon , Duverdier , exiles in England . To the Citizens V . Considerant , Felix Pyat , Sergent-MajorBoichoMTthLi ghtlnfantry ) , Menand , Ferdinand Servient , Morel , Fessie Dumotay , Heitzmann , Rougeot , Pardigon , Thore , Coeur-de-Roy , Ch . Delescluze , Beyer , Pflieger , Avril , Koenig , Hofer , Kopp , Anstett , Rolland , Cantagrel , Jannot , Kersausie , Villaui , and Colonel Perriei-, ( National Guard ); exiles in Belgium , Switzerland , and elsewhere . <
Friends of the Human Race , — The judgment of the Hi gh Court of Versailles pronounced on yourselves and brethren —who onthe 13 th of June , 1849 , so nobly attempted to sare tho honour of France , the liberty of the Roman people , and . the general cause of Human Freedom—has filled us with sorrow and indignation . Tour wrongs—the sufferings of your brothers who are in the hands of their persecutors , excite our sorrow , Our indignationheartfelt ; and stronger than words can express —is excited by the perfid y , tyranny , and savage cruelty of your and our enemies . &
It is a fact that the Republican Constitution of France was violated by the invasion of the Roman States . It is a truth that a majority , no more than a minority , can sanctify a crime . And history will proclaim that in giving the signal of reristenee to TreaBon , Tyranny , and National Fratricide , YOU DESEEVED WELL OF TOUR OOTJHTKr , AND , DESERVED , TOO , THE GRATITUDE OF
THE PEOPLE OF ALL SATIOXS . The infamy whichusuall y attachestothecondemned is , in ^ your case ( as in many other potieal prosecutions ) , attached to the prosecutors , the jurors , and the judges , who—blinded by political passion and personal prejudice—have deliberately chosen to share the criminality of your persecutors—the subverters of the constitution , and tramplers upon the laws . The Future will avenge you . France will judge your judges , and condemn your persecutors .
The Republic at this moment , menaced by a variety of factions , is assured of a happier and eternal future by the devotion of its defenders , whom neither dungeons , banishment , nor death itself , can frighten from the path of Duty and Honour . In the Past , Englishmen and Frenchmen gloried in their hatred of each other . For any wrong our Fathers did to yours , we desire to atone as far as is possible . "We wish to unite the two nations by the link of Fraternity . To that end—and also because of our admiration of your public conduct—we beg to tender to you this expression of eur sympathy , and our fervent wishes for the speedy termination of your exile—the restoration of your captive brethren to freedom—the rescue of France
from her present oppressors—and the triumph of mE Repubuc—Democratic and Sociai . ( Signed ) Jonx Pettie , Chairman . Cr . Juliajt Harney , Secretary . London , November 21 , 1849 .
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To the Families and Friends of the Citizens Chipron , Andre , Dufelix , Lobon , Langlois , Paya , Commissaire , Maigne , Pargin Fayolle , Pilhes , D . Lamaziere , Bac , Vauthier , Deville , Gambon , Guinard , Schmitz , Suchet , Monbet , and Fraboulet de Chalandar . Dear Friend 3 , —In this , your day of affliction , occasioned by the cruel and unjust condemnation of the patriots whose names are written at the head of this address , IV ' e , Englishmen , offer to you this manifestation of our sympathy , and declaration of our grief for the sufferingfl of the persecuted champions of Democracy .
To the bereaved there can be no real consolation , save in the restoration of the objecti of their love ; nevertheless , let this reflection at least mitigate your sorrows ; that those dear to you are suffering for their virtues . Martyrs to their fidelity , France will bless their names , and enrol them in the list of her noblest sons . The religion of Fraternity is rapidly superseding the delusions of false teachers ; the brotherhood of nations is a mighty fact , and , in virtue thereof , we send to you these words of sympathy from across the channel , which divides our countries , but can no longer divide our hearts .
May tha protection and affection of your countrymen strengthen you to hear with your tr oubles ; and may the day come quickly when France , strong in the might of her right , ihall put an end to the reign of Force and Fraud , — open all dungeons , —break all fetters , — and restore to their families , and to herself , the men alone fitted to guide her destinies;—the men who by their sufferings are day by day , proving their devotion to the svstem of the future—that hope of the world the Democratic asd Social Republic . ~~ fSitmed ) John Pettie , Chairman . G . Julian Harney , Secretary . London , Novem ber 21 , 1819 .
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I- , —¦¦ - ¦—¦ — AGGREGATE MEETING OP THE IRISH NATIONALISTS . ( Concluded from the Fim jmge , ) Mr . Fearqus O'Consor , M . P ., having been called upon b y some parties , here came torward , although not one of the speakers appointed b y the Conference , and after the cheers by which he was greeted had subsided , lie proceeded to address the meeting as follows : —My countrymen , I cannot express my pleasure , my joy , my gratific ation , to find that , after fourteen years , exile from my native vhh v f — v ™^ ^* *<* 4 * M M ¦ AAV * W » * ^* land uted
, persec and prosecuted—that after eighteen months' confinement in a felon ' s dungeon , you have accorded me so warm a reception . ( Cheers . ) Although some may suppose that 1 have come here to-night with the intention of propounding doctrines of my own that may be considered Utopian-tho ugh they are not so—with the intention of throwing the apple of discord amongst you , so help me God 1 would rather sacrifice my life than be the means of throwing any obstruction in your way . ( Loud cheers . ) 1 look upon this as the keystone of the arch of liber ty . ( Cheers . ) I look upon this as an association of the true
and veritable mind , and not of the humbug mind of Ireland . ( Cheers . ) And if I was not convinced that there was truth and sincerity in the propounders of this alliance , do you think 1 Avould have crossed the channel and made a tool of myself by coming here ? ( Hear , hear , and cheers , ) I have bided my time and now I tell him whom I called the gaoler-general of Ireland in my place in the House of Commons-Lord Clarendon ( hisses )—that , though his spies and informers may be here in the hope of inducing me , from excitement , to say anything that would injure this movement , they will not succeed . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) No , my friends , I am not going to damage your cause by one indiscreet word . God forbid . ' ( Cheers . ) I have long looked to the regeneration of this
country . I have long sighed over her grievances—I have long sympathised with the feelings of my countrymen ; and now , thanks be to God , I have heard propounded here to-night some statistical doctrines , and some principles which , if virtuously carried out by you , will pull down the standard of tyranny , and substitute the standard of freedom in its place . ( Cheers . ) The last speaker has told you what the land system is . He has not told ' you that the landlords of the olden days , and the landlords of the present day , have measured their property by the standard of patronage , and not by the standard of national requirement . ( Hear , hear . ) Now they have all become paupers , but they consigned millions of my fellow-countrymen to their graves before one of them wanted a single meal . ( Cries of
" hear , hear . ") I am only sorry that they were not the first to suffer . ( Cheers . ) My friends , as long as you are represented by such men as you have at present in the House of Commons , how do you expect that justice will be done you ? ( Cries of " hear , hear . " ) Mind , I don't come here to make a flaming speech , and say things of these men which I would be afraid to say before their faces—no , I have told your representatives in the House of ^ Commons when sitting beside the minister , and supporting every measure which he proposed , that they were a set Of tools , lickspittles , patronage and placelwntcrs . ( Loud and continued cheering . ) I have devoted
much of my time to Social Reform ; I have devoted much of my time to this Land scheme ; but I tell you what—that until you are thoroughly represented in the House of Commons—you may ' look upon tho Land schemes as mere moonshine—you may look upon everything else that is proposed to you as mere moonshine , until your order is full y and fairly represented in the House of Commons ( Hear hear . ) Do you suppose that a set of admirals , generals , colonels , captains , and lieutenants , and all that sort of fellows upon the other side—do you suppose that all those men who live upon your industry , are likely to make laws that would do justice to vmir
order ? ( Hear , hear . ) No ; but what do they C 0111-plain of ? Of your ignorance . The ignorance of the people is the tyrant ' s best title to power ; and if they believe that you were ignorant , rely upon it that before to-niomw they would completely disfranchise you . ( Hear , hear . ) It is because they know that you are not ignorant that they withhold the suffrage from you , seeing that if you had it tomorrow you would use it for your own benefit , and not for tlioirs . ( Cheers . ) I w . i 3 glad to hear you propose a resolution , limiting the period of servitude on your council to sk months ; but I think you should adopt the same principle with regard to K ? ? ??* : ? »» - < . ? > ¦ I **' What So you
uunH . oi iuo reuows being elected to represent vou in parliament for seven years—some of them comin * forward upon the platform and telling you that thev would die for their country —( laug hter)—but the moment they are elected they are caught by the intrigues of the minister , and for seven years they are your masters instead of you being theirs ? ( Hear , hear . ) Does a master employ his servant for seven years ? Ko ; for if he did he could not discharge the servant before the expivation of that time , even though he failed to discharge the duties expected of him . ( Hear , hear . ) You have all noses upon vour faces-you have all cyes-you have all brains-you nave all fists ; now lot me ask you this—do you think that bricks
and mortar , instead of brains oughtto constitute the suffrage ? ( Hear , hear . ) If a man lives in a house valued at £ 10 this yeav he enjoys the franchise : but if he has no house next year he can have no franchise , thus proving that it is bricks and not brains which constitute the suffrage . ( Hear . ) I say , then , that the question is not simpl y the land—the question is , how are vou to get your land—how are you to get your rightshow arc you to put down tyranny ? ( Hear , hear ) Ana I will shew you how the tyranny by which you are oppressed , and the means by which you will break down that tyranny . ( Hear . ) What think you of the Protestant College of Dublin with
seventeen hundred and twenty-one voters , sendin " two members to parliament , and the county Cm-lf with 800 , 000 inhabitants , having only the same number ? "What think you of the voices of amillion and a half of people—the amount of tho population of Yorkshire—being altogether extinguished by the 1 , 721 gentlemen of Trinity College , Dublin ? ( Hear , hear . ) So much for the electoral districts Ifow with regard to the qualification question ( near . ) I tell you , my friends , that you have not a proper qualification . lour members should he paid as they were in the good old times , until Charles and William changed the system , finding that it was not one which would admit of corruption and
esti-, bhshed rotten boroughs to carry out their despotic principles . ( Hear , hear . ) Do you think that because a man has £ 600 or £ 300 a year , he is bettor able to represent you than if he had no income ? ( Hear , hear . ) What you want to have established ' with regard to this as other matters , is the principle of a fair day ' s wages for a fair day ' s work , unless , iudeed , like Nebuchadnazzar , you would have your representatives live upon grass . ( Laughter . ) In place of those lickspittles whom you have at present representing you in the House of Commons , I hold that you should have the labouring man with the fustian jacket , the tanned trowsers , nnd the brawny hand . ( Hear , hear . ) Believe me that no man ex .
cept thcinan that toils can understand what labour is . ( Hear , hear . ) Those men you now have would sec you starve before they would insist upon your rights . ( Cries "It was the Whigs . " ) Oh , d n the Whigs . ( Loud and prolonged cheering . ) The Tories are had enough , but the Whigs are worso ; When the Tories are in power the Whigs oppose them ; hut when the Whi gs are in power the Tories never "ivo them any opposition . What wewant to see is a full and true representation of the Irish people in College-green . ( Cheers . ) You know how the Union was carried—you know that it was carried by bribery , corruption , and the most infamous arts . The measure was nronosed at a time whnn
the green fields of Ireland were deluged with blood —when many of her friends and defenders were in their graves , or banished to a distant land , to sigh over the liberties of their country . ( Hear , and cheers . ) Do you think I am actuated by sordid motives ? I have an uncle in the fifty-first year of his banishment , and my father was hurried ' to his grave by imprisonment in a dungeon , because he would not abandon the cause of hiscountry . ( Cheers . ) There is a clear opportunity now for every honest man , and I shall be found oftcner among you . They persecuted me here for tithe agitation , and five times
was I persecuted in England , and immured eighteen months in a prison for what they call political agitation . ( A voice—Question , question ) , What question , you nincompoop —( cheers and laughter )? I have been some years in parliament—I am the proprietor of the most extensivel y circulated newspaper in England—and let any man point , if he can , to a vote or sentence of mine that was repugnant to the interests of Ireland . ( Cheers ) . It has been the object and aim of our opponents to create a breach between the people of England and Ireland ; but I can tell you that the people of England are as much in favour of Repeal as you are . ( Cheers . ) They are as much oppressed and trampled on by the
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^^^^^^^—MMMBBBMBWOWmBBBM reliefs l are ' and they aro as dGslro « s to ^ M ^ SSfrJfejK Sr- S ^ rk Ms&sassaissas Zrw ™\ T )~~ ^ mi 6 te th ° y ought to unite . ( ° ftS I L T ? VOm& * you that ' if Vou send over a S * . \ : I will get thrco ' inillions oi sigii lures to u Do that , and then sec that your repi esentatives do their duty . But until you are pro-Sv ! , iU ? ? te < i y ° u can Cx P ect no good from pailmment , I wont individualize or sectio . ialize your representatives ; but I will group them , and ask you where could find 105 greater lickit uiiivy
you -spil « O / TT i ^ v « u kiuulci in * a-ouii » - tie ? ( Hearand cheers ) . Instead of attending to your interests with the singleness of purpose thev ought , they are found cringing and crawling about tne ministry , to subserve their own purposes . ( Hear , near . ) i am not going to occupy more of your timo , nor by any act of mine to damage this confederation between the real mind , intelligence , and honour ot the Irish people . On the contrary , I desire v , ° ul W en tire oo-opowtion , and though an hu " £ « ; " « uvidua 1 , I can promise you theco-ope-X , n . I aw hoI na « on . ( Cheers ) . Nothing ooula !?™ h ^ ; plexthe English government as a thOlOUgn union between the Engliih and Irish people ( Hear hear ) . Mr . 0 'Connor concluded by rap ! It l - fo l l 0 wln g Poetry , which , lie said , lie composed m pnson , and would show what he felt for his countrymen .
Let Enn take courage , the day is at hand wi 1 : ? ° " ° V * Ym [ m shaU tremble and foil ; S ™ L t ? " SOns f ha 11 P ° ssess theirown land , And make their own laws still better than all . Te i ^ v dark v S ht ° F oppression shall floe , Like a vapour dnpcll'd by the sun ' s genial mv , And then , sweetest Isle of tho ocean , tlWlt be ' First flower of the earth and first gem of the sea . Then we'll see the light footstep that bends o ' er the sand , Of the exile condemned the wide world to roam When the day star of freedom shall shine o ' er the land , To light the lone wanderer hack to his home . Then the waters that bound thy lono dungeon shall swell ,
Iseath the crowded white canvass that bends to the west , Fill'd with the cheers of her sons come to dwell In the land of their fathers , the home they love best . Then Edward and Emmetfc may rest in their graves , Where untomb'd and unhonour'd their relics have slept ; ¦ While the traitor that lived on the blood of his slaves , Shall perish , unhonour'd , unheeded , unwept . '
Then we 11 build a snug nest , in our own little isle , And we'll choose our own members , to make our own law ; Like freemen we'll live on our own native soil The loveliest , the greenest , that man oversaw . Then , Erin , I'll visit thy sea-beaten shore , When the home of my fathers is home for the free Then Erin , I'll swear at thyaltnr oneD more To perish , if needed , lov'd Erin , for thee . And then , though my name like young Emmett ' s , be curs'd , My spirit shall hover around the lov'd spot Where I played in my childhood , and where I was nurs'd ,
"Where I rock d in my cradle , and I was begot . Up , up ! then , for Ireland , the Land of tho Green , Eve Traitor with Saxon your liberties barter Each true British spirit will join with Erin , ^ 'Sch arteH : mos ' th 0 LA ™ ' Mr . O'Connor was frequently interrupted by tremendous cheering , and resumed his seat amid long-continued aud enthusiastic applause . Mr . Jonx Williams proposed the following resolution : — " That thfc existence in Ireland of an established church or a state endowment of the clcmy of the the Presbyterian or any other church is a wrong to the Irish people , a violation of the rights of conscience , and a permanent barrier to the union of Irishmen , for Irish purposes ; and that the Irish Alliance shall therefore devote itself to the removal of these abuses . "
Mr . Williams said : I propose this resolution with great pleasure , and I believe that no principle or object , held or contemplated by the Irish Alliance , is of greater importance than the removal of th ^ Church establishment and its attendant evils . I believe , Sir , the church established in Ireland to be tho » re . it protection to British power here . And for this reason alono I should desire its complete and immediate extirpation . But , Sir , we demand this on higher grounds—the endowment of any church is , in the words of the resolution , " a wrong "—a flagrant wicked robbery ; it is a violation of the rights of conscience of responsible immortal beings , it must not longer be allowed—it is . a permanent barrier to the union of Irishmen .
which for thrco centuries has woll done its fatal work , it must promptl y be struck down . ( Hear , hear . ) I think it right , however , with reference to the observations of Mr . O'Connor , to say—that without any personal disrespect for that gentleman , without discussing the opinion of the political body with which he h connected in England , with tho most perfect cordiality and good feeling for himself , I yet find his speaking here to-night was in contravention of the letter ho hnd written , and in opposition to the expressed wish of tho Conference ; but having so testified their opinion the Conference felt the assurance that no injury to their cause from the speech of Mr . O'Connor , under such circumstances , could result ; and , for my own part , I augur a happy issue to this night ' s proceedings . I believe that the association which we have tO '
night founded will gather around it the sympathy ami secure the aid of all good men in Ireland , and will certainly and I hope soon , effect its objectthe legislative independence of Ireland . ( Enthusiastic cheers . ) Mr , John IIea . ( of Belfast , ) said that he could not be in Dublin without attending a meeting of the nationalists of Ireland , of whom he was proud to be one ; but although the committee had most courteously offered him a resolution , he declined to propose it , simply for this reason—that ho considered . each and every member of that alliance should pledge himself against place-hunting ; but the members of the committee said that onl y themselves and members of parliament should be required to take that pledge . However , he believed that the arfcizans of the country and the Presbyterians of Ulster , of whom
howasono—The Chairman here made some observations as to a point of order , which could not be distinctl y heard amid tho noise that prevailed . Rev . Mr . Fay objected that Mr . Rea should have addressed tho meeting as ho had done . At the Conference Mr . Ilea had drawn up an amendment to the resolution , and afterwards consented to withdraw it , so that the Conference were loft unto the impression that there would be no opposition to the passing of their resolution . At the Conference Mr . Rea had also stated tho reason of his being opposed to tho resolution was , that if the pledge against place taking were not extended to all the members of the alliance , the detectives could not be excluded
from their body . He ( Rev . Mr . Fay ) did not perceive how making the pledge universal would have the effect of excluding detectives . ( Cries of hoar , hear . ) Detectives would enter thoir meetings whatever pledges they might adopt . But what had they to fear from detectives ? The proceedings of the new organisation would be such that there need be no concealment from anybody . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Rka said that he wished to observe , in explanation , that three or four times he was called upon to address tl . e meeting , and he declined to do so . He had come there to protect tho freedom of discussion of the avtizens of Dublin , but they had done what he expected they would do . If ho joined
the Irish alliance he would propose as a new additional rule , that every man in it should be pledged against place-hunting ; r . nd if he did not join it , it would be for that reason and not for any abandonment of those principles for which , and not lon < r « g ° . » e was brought to the foot of the scaffold " Mr . J . Lloyd Fiizop . ra . ld then came forward and said—Sir , the resolution which has just been pro-P i 03 e \ \ a meml ) Ol > of the episcopal Protestant church of Ireland , have no hesitation in seconding . Cheers . ) I believe , Sir , that , numerous as have been the means adopted by our rulers " to prevent the further grow th of Popery , " they omitted the most efficacious-namely , making the Roman lilt
^ | tfl ¦¦* l ^ L *«<* V ^ W 4 * M ^*»^* Jb ««** A » catholic an exclusively endowed church , even in this a Roman Catholic country . But , Sir , I prefer supporting the resolution on the eternal principles of justice—on the principle which I have bejn taught from my infancy , of "doing toothers as I would they should do to me . " ( lleav , and cheers . ) Imagine , Sir . if you can , the entire ecclesiastical revenues of England given to the Roman Catholic clergy of England , and the universities of Oxford and Cambrid ge closed in a great degree against church of England Protestants—I ask , what would we think of this ? What would the civilised world
think of it ? And yet this is the very state of things which , mutatis mutandis , exists in Ireland . The cry has often been raised that to meddle with the church property would be robbery , that you might as well take away a man ' s private property—not to mention what I have already alluded to , that parliament has taken away the church property from one persuasion and conferred it on another—not to mention that parliament does sometimes deal in a very summary manner with private propertythat it will run a railway through a man's family mansion and pleasure grounds should the interest ofthegomnuuiity require it ; it maybe answered
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that the church property is very differont '" frbnt private property . The clergy ' only hold it as trustees for the public ; it does not desoend to tlieir children , but must be handed over in good order to their successors ; and I do say that if the great majority ol the people of England should again embrace the Roman Catholic faith , the clersy remaining unchanged , they would have no right to , A ^ i ' ii c i i property away from lliose who would then be the pastors of the p ' coph-. Oh ! ( it will be . said ) the majority of the people of the empire are episcopal Protcsiants , and , therefore , the episcopal 1 rotestait church oughtto be the established church ot Ireland . It is very easy to patch up a thing and ca . l it an empire ( and . bv the wav . tlip . mtiOieil nn
imperial thing called the United Kingdom of Great Untamand Ireland , at least the united parliament thereof , is one of the imperial absurdities we hope to put an end to ) . After some other remarks , the speaker concluded by saying : These , sir , are the observations I have to oifor , and I firmly believe , that if what 1 urge were carried into effect , whilst Ireland would be materially benefited , the church to which I belong , instead of being injured , would be rendered far moie efficient . ( Luuil ch < ers . ) Mr . \ V . J . Battujsby came foiward to propose the next resolution . — " Resolved—That the popular suffrage in this country has been nearly annihilated within the last few years ; and that the Irish alliance will insist upon a fall , free , and fair
representation of the people in the Commons House of Parliament , and are prepared to co-operate with the movement party in Great Britain in attaining this measure for both countries . " Mr . Battersby then said : I hold that in a free state every man of sound mind and due age , not incapacitated by crime or violence , should have a voice in the election of his representatives . ( Cheers . ) "When the people aro not duly represented the constitution is debased 01 ' SUbverted ; and it is a settled maxim , that taxation or law enforced without representation , is tyranny . ( Cheers . ) The elective franchise , or power of voting , is the germ of freedom and the palladium of civil and political rights . It is the security of life , liberty , and property . It is the stay of tho rich and the guardian of the poor . It is the strength of the law , the support of order , tho defence of the
oppressed , and the bulwark of tho constitution . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) If the people had not a . voice in tho choice of their rulers they are but serfs and slaves of the worst description . If they can vote fully , freely , and without , degrading restrictions , i hey will , unless they ire themsels'cs corrupt , soon have their country free and happy . Limit the franchise , and you make monopol y the rule , and glVO a triumph to faction or oppression , ( near , hear , and cheers . ) Extend it , and you enlarge the empire of justice , and promote the cause of freedom . ( Cheers . ) The speaker then alluded to the tyranny of the landlords , and the misery entailed by them on the people , and called npon the meeting to demand the restoration of full , free , and complete suffrage , and entire representation in parliament . Mr . George "Washing ton Vance came forward , amidst cheering , to second the resolution .
The resolution was then put and carried with acclamation . Mr . Johnstone , as representative of the artizan class , tUencanvt forward to propose the next resolution . He was received with loud cheering . The resolution was as follows : — "That it be an instruction to ihe council to appoint a committee to consider and promote such measures as may be found practically useful in developing the resources , and encouraging the manufactures , trade and commerce of the country , having due regard to the protection of the rights of Irish labour . " He said the Conservative as well as the Liberal press waa now strongly in favour of the restoration of national industry . ( Hear , hear , ) There were stronz political reasons why the
national party should now take tip this matter seriously atid promptly . It was closely allied with the objects of that body , in seeking for the independence of this country . ( Cheers . ) In order to effect tbat independence , they should endeavour to secure the means of comfort and personal independence to the The council looked to the artisans of Dublin to aid them in carrying out the objects set forth in this resolution . They looked also to the artisans in the provinces to aid in the same good cause . ( Hear , hear . ) It was the interest of the rural districts that the manufacturing interest should prosper . Their manufacturing towns , if thriving , would supply a means for the absorption of surplus rural
labour . J » o hand would bo left idle , and thus tho evils of competition in tho labour market would be remedied . ( Hear , he : ir . ) It was , therefore , clearly the interest of all that the manufactures of Ireland should be restored to a thriving condition . ( Cheers . ) It was now getting late , ' and ho ( Mr . Johnstone ) would only add , that , as an artisan , he tendered his own assistance , willingly and cheerfully , and called on bis brother artisans to give practical evidence of their sincerity , in aiding the council in carrying out this project , which was calculated to be of such eminent benefit to their common country . Mr . Johnstone then concluded amidst loud cheers .
Mr . J 7 ewi . Gr seconded the resolution , which was carried unanimously . Mr . Michael Gkorok Cosway then came forward and said : Wo have now , sir , and fellow countrymen , arrived at the close of the proscribed business of this groat aggregate mooting of the nationalists of Ireland —( hear , hoar)—and I think you will one and all concur with me that our proceedings afford an auspicious augury of eventual , complete , and not remote success in the great work before us . ( Cheers . ) It was my intention to have taken the sense of this meeting on a specific resolution , expressing the sympathy and admiration of Ireland for the men now suffering in penal exile , or in p rison , for the crime of patriotic devotion to their native land . Hut , Sir , the sentiments expressed bv Mr .
Leyneand Mr . Duffy , and the manner in which you have received them , seem to render this course unnecessary —( hear and cheers ) : —and now , again , let me congratulate you on this great meeting—on the inauguration of this grand Irish Alliance . ( Cheers . ) "We have received support from quarters , whence a fow of us apprehended disturbance —( hear , hear );—and if , in regard to some questions , wo met on this platform with mutual distrusts , we part in excellent good humour , and with full confidence in each other . ( Cheers . ) Sir , I hold that this generous mutual confidence is tho best cement of any political confederacy . ( Cheers . ) Sir , I move " That you do leave the chair , and tbat George Washington Vance , Esq ., be called thereto . " ( Cheers . ) Doctor Giuttan accordingly left the chair , which was taken by Mr . Vance .
On the motion of Mr . Duffy , the thanks of the meeting were accorded , amidst loud acclamations , to Dr . Grattan , for his dignified conduct in the chair , aud the meeting then separated , cheering loudly for John Mitchel , Smith O'Brien , and Meagher . Mr . Duffy was also loudly cheered . The immense assemblage separated in the must perfect order and quietude . Two policemen wove in the gallery , who were doubtless , sent to watch the proceedings , nnd put down disturbance , but there appeared no need
whatever of their presence . The two constables , it appeared , had to pay at the door for admission . Three hoi-se policemen were seen patrolling through Marlboron « h-streot , and Abbey-street , up to halfpast ton o ' clock , and subsequently a larger body of mounted police wore observed by the crowd returning from the meeting . The patrol appeared in the vicinity of the meeting , but there being no occasion for their interference , they returned to their barracks . The crowd had dispersed , and Abbey-street was silent before eleven o ' clock .
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POLITICAL ECONOMY . "Uniform and increasing abundance of all tilings is the desideratum of political economy . " 10 THE KDITOIt OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sip , —The above is the heading of a letter from the pen of Lawrence Ileyworth , Esq ., of Liverpool , in tho Daily News of November 17 th , a gentleman for whom 1 entertain , the highest esteem , and one who . is constantly labouring for the social and physical elevation of the labouring population ; it is because I conceive him to be labouring under erroneous notions , that I deem it advisable , through the medium of your journal , with your permission , to make a few observations on his letter . It is evident that Mr . Ileyworth considers cheapness the greatest desideratum of tho age . He says ; " cheap production and unimpeded interchange * of untaxed commodities , are the means which tiio immutable
will of Providence has appointed to obtain the uniform and increasing abundance of all things , to secure their universal distribution , and to render the enjoyment of them easily accessible to all . " If we analyse the word " cheap , " we shall find it to mean , iu reality , robbery . The parties disposing of commodities " cheap ; " implies that the working men who may have been employed in the production of these commodities , have not received their legitimate wages—hundreds of instances might he cited in proof of this , one will suffice for the present . The agents employed to sell the Bibles for the British and Foreign Bible Society , are enabled to Sell them " cheap , " take a glance behind the scenes , ascertain tho amount of wages paid to the various
parties employed in the production of these Bibles , and the curse of this cheapness will be discovered by the fact , that the females are compelled to have recourse to the streets in order to provide themlelres with an adequate supply of the necessaries of life . Cheapness is robbery committed by the rich and powerful upon the poor and defenceless . The idea which the word " cheap" conveys to the mind is horrifying in the extreme ; wretchedness , misery , and filthiness , occasioned by the producers of cheap commodities being compelled by a person they cannot control , to crowd into the back streets and alleys of our large cities—the sexes mingling indiscriminately , and m large numbers , in small , illventilatad rooms , generating noxious and poisonous gases , which arc the prominent causes offover in
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trtl Us forms j ^ miiil cjiplera—tbat-scourge of tlib human famil y—visi ( inguTfl ; oin / fbwn to town , oecominor lnoio intense in its effefts each visit . The political economists may prosecute tlieir labours iu tho way they have done for some time , and they will hud such a scene of misery and wretchedness produced in this country , as the world never witnessed . Each commodity produced by a workine
man , lias an intrinsic value ; and if sold or exchanged for its intrinsic value in another " commodity , it can neither bo said to he " cheap" or "dear ; " but when the laws , instituted by the plunderers of humanity , compel the producer to sell his commodity for less than its intrinsic value , then the producer is robbed or cheated out of one portion of the fruits of his industry . Cheapness is robbery —valueis concentrated labour—a commodity always requiring the same amount of labour ought always to be of the same value—no legitimate reduction in value can tako place unless it bo preceded by a corresponding reduction in the amount of labour by the introduction of machinery , or some other principle calculated to diminish its amount . A commodity when sold for its intrinsic
valuesup-, poses its production in a state of society where the producer has neither rents , taxes , or usury to pay . Seeing then that this state of society has not an existence in this country , it follows that any taxes in the shape of rents , usury , governmental or social , which the producer has " to pay , he ought in justice to have the power to charge " such payments to the price of his commodities—if he has not this power , then his condition will deteriorate in proportion as taxation increases . Lot it be borne in mind that governmental taxation which is enormous , yet in comparison to the taxation which accumulated property inflicts , it sinks into insignificance . Private landlords have a power of levying taxation on society . . A gambling speculator , by a lucky throw , realises two thousand pounds ; this may not
have cost him two hours labour , yet he is enabled to levy a tax on society of eighty or one hundred pounds a year , which ho can perpetuate and transmit from generation to generation . " Cheapness " may be agreeable to this class of men inasmuch as tho purchasing power of their income is increased thereby . This power is iUi « itimate—it is a power resulting from . in act of Parliament , in direct opposition to Frco Trade principles . Proof ; gold is a commodity , its price is fixed by Siv Robert Peel at £ 3 17 s . lOJd . per ounce . It is our standard of value . A standard should have the quality of unchangeablcness . Though Sir ltobert has * endeavoured to give it this quality he has failed—its price advances OH tllO Continent op in America . Away our gold goes , diminishing its quantity , a diminished quantity cannot allow tho same price for commodities , down they fall , to correspond with the quantity of money left in the country . It is therefore
evident that we have no standard of value at all in this country ; and until we have , as unchangeable in . its character as our yard of thirty-six inches , pound Of sixteen ounces , &e ., & . c , - we may continue our political agitations continuously , without ever having the satisfaction of seeing an improvement in the physical condition of the great bulk of the people , Let Mr . Ileyworth and his classof political economists , reflect on the steps they are taking . They aye moving heaven and earth to increase the quantity of produce , while they never see to it that the distributive principle is allowed to increase in a corresponding ratio . Tho result is , that the prico of produce , however the quantity may be augmented , must fall down to tho quantity of money in the country . The doom of our farmers , shipbuilders , aud other branches of business affected by the free trade principle , is fixed ; ruin irretrievable —ruin is their fate ; while the bullionist is at the same time augmenting his wealth . Yours trul y , Halifax , John Culpan , Jun .
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MIDDLESEX SESSIONS . Tuesday- . —The November adjourned general session commenced this morningat Hicks ' s Hall Clcrkenwell . The number of prisoners for trial was eighty-three , including five who are charged with misdemeanours . IIobbbuy at a Hailway Station . —James Riddett a well-dressed man , was indicted for stealing frem the Great Western terminus , at Paddiiii » toii a carpet bag containing some linen , value £ 1 15 s . the property ofthe Rev . Edmond Thomas Champnevs — The prosecutor deposed that ho lived at St Leonards-on-Sea , and on the evening of Saturday , the 2 / th of October , he went to the station of tho Great Western Railway , at Pmldingtou , for tho purpose of proceeding to Slough by tho mail train . Ho arrived at the station about a quarter before nine o clock , and having taken his ticket , he placed his carpet bag on the counter beside his great coar and as there were somo minutes to spare , ho entered into conversation with the clerk . On turnin g round
to remove tne bag and coat to the platform , he dig . covered that they had been removed . He wont oa to tho platform , when he saw the prisoner walkin ? about six yards in advance of him , with the bag under his arm , and on being asked by him ( pros £ uutor ) what business he had with the bn" the prisoner handed it to him , and observed ^ ' " Never mind , it's all right , " But witness was far from bomg satisfied that it was all right , and having told the prisoner so , he called a porter , who took hold of him just as he was making his escape . The bae
pvouuceu was the same . It contained a variety of papers , beside the articles set forth in the indictment . —The prisoner ,-in his defence , said he had gone to meet his sister , whom he expected to arrive at Paddington that evening , nnd seeing the carpet bag lying on tho platform , without anybody toowft it , he picked it up , but before he could hand it to a porter , as he was about to , Mr . Champneys charged him with having stolen it . —The itiry found the wi sonor " Guilty . " -Mr . Collard said he knew the prisoner : about two years ago he was concerned ia a robbery of plate at Southampton , and at that time he was " wanted" by the police . He contrived to escape with tho whole of the plunder , but his companions were tried , convicted , and transported . —Hie Court then sentenced the prisoner to six months' hard labour .
CiuncE of Ror . uERT . —Richard Moss , 27 and Samuel Turton , 21 , two captains in the service of the Grand Junction Canal Company , were indicted for robbing Johu WoodfieW , another captain of seven sovereigns . —The prosecutor and the prisoner had been drinking together with some women , at several public-houses in the City-road , and though it was quite clear that the prosecutor had been robbed by somebody , the evidence to show that tho prisoners were the guilty parties was very slight indeed . —Tho prisoners were acquitted .
Wednesday . —Chargr op Roiiukky by a Cab-MAN . —Laniel Pentilope , a cabman , was indicted for stealing a bag containing twenty-five sovereigns , the property of Alexander Webb . —Mr . Ballantine appeared for the prisoner . It appeared from the evidence of the prosecutor , which was givni in an impudent manner , that he and the prisoner had been acquainted for some time . They met in Druinmondstreet , Emton-square , and after playing some Umo at skittles , they went to a public fiou ' se in that neigb .. bourhood called the Plasterers' Arms ; and , for the purpose of procuring some silver coin from his poc ket , the prosecutor took out a small canvass bag which contained twenty-five sovereigns . The prisoner made a snatch at it , a scuffle to ;> k place and the
sovereigns were thrown about on the flour . Some were recovered and some wore lost . —In cross-examination by Mr . Ballantine , the prosecutor said he had been in prison many times '• and on being asked if he had not been convicted in that court , he said , "Yes , I was , thank God , four years ag > . Your lordshi p ( addressing the judge ) save me six months , and I richly deserved it . It was a very fortunate thing for me , for ever since that I worked for my living , and 1 have become respectable . 1 used to associate witlt the dregs of society , and it was then that I knew the prisoner . " —The Judge : If you got six months from me I am quite sure you deserved it . What was ft for ? - Prosecutor : Oh , I was concerned in robbing * man on the New-road . ( Laughter . ) -By Mr .
Ballantme : 1 was once charged with robbing a drunken sailor of £ 25 in a " vine waults . " I ' ve often been in prison . —Mr . Ballantine then addressed the jury , characterising the case as a trumped one , the prosecutor as a shameless , impudent , barefaced rogue , his evidence as regarded the rebbery gross perjury , and as regarded his recently acquire ;! respectability pure and unadulterated hypocrisy . —Witnesses were then examined for the defence . One of them , who was called " very respectable , " said the prosecutor was a downright bad one , and known all over the town as one ofthe worst of characters . —Prosecutor ( to wit ness ) : What , you speak of me like this ? Wh y , have we not been intimate for six years—have we not travelled hundreds of miles together—and didn ' t you —yoUi ( fho call yourself a " respectable " witnessactually pick a gentleman ' s pocket of seven sovereigns in a booth at la > t Ascot Races ? ( Laughter . —Witness : It was you that robbed the man , you
lying villain . ( Loud laughter . )—Prosecutor : Mf lord , it was him , upon my oath . —Witness : Kjy lord , upon my oath he stole the money , ( Increased laughter . ) — The Judge t Then you went partners , and halved it , didn ' t you ? You are two rogues together , I think . ( Roars of laughter . ) The learned Judge , having carefully gone over the whole of the evidence , said the jury must deal with the case ; but he should not recommend them to act upon the prosecutor ' s evidence , unless they saw that such evidence was strongly confirmed by the internal circumstances of the case . —The jury instantly acquitted the prisoner . -The learned Judge cautiaaed the landlord of the public-house in question as to allowing such characters as the prisoner , the prosecutor , and the witnesses to assemble there . —llm landlord said they wero all strangers to him , anfl the house was conducted as respectably as any hou » in London . —Ihe learned Judge did not believe thiy were strangers , and he should repeat the caution . A wasp ' s xkst usually contains fifteen thousand w suteen thousand colls ,
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F - C *?! T J ° F MACNAMARA ' S ACTION . Received by W . Hides . —A few Friends , Durham nerT Jaques , & . Cd . ; J . N . P ., Durham , 1 S . ; T . S ?< & ££ & ,. « hL ; D . Frost PettierHau h , nearltotherham , 2 s . Co ! - I ^ je-street , Comden-iown , perE . Wright , 4 s . 9 d . - \ F Ilvde ^ ™ , crwt > 3 ! - - . Nottingham . p £ J . Sweet , skli-Pirvrooa , near Oldhain , per R . Fielding , is . 11 < L ; Birming ham ^ per W . Jackson , 4 s . 9 d . ; A . few Friends , Coventry JP ^ C . Tristram , 2 s . 6 < L ; W . HealtadBw ^ e ^ to ? : Todmordeii , per W . Eohiniou , Ss . ; J . Dcverell , Apnleford , ' ls . ; F . Lockyer , perE . Stallwood , 6 d . « «««« , FOR THE AGITATION OF THE CHARTER Received by TV . KroEB—Chester , per J . Roberts . 3 s . Cd . ; W . Hjae , Miibome lVrte , -3 s . ; Xotdngliam , per J . Sweet 6 < L ; Bristol , per C . Clark , Is . Cd . -, TodWel , , w . r 3 son . 5 s .
DEFENCE FUND . Received hy S . Boosham . -G . J .. Is . ; W . S ., Is . ; G . w ., Derby , 4 s . 6 d . ; a few East-end , Cabinet Makers , 3 s ! FOR V / 1 DOYVS OF THE LATE MESSRS . WILLIAMS AND SHARP . Received by W . Rides . —Part proceeds of a Concert , Edinburgh , per V . Danes , £ o . ; leicester . Ber J . Skovh £ ton , is . ; London , a Brush mater , per IV . Truetate Is . " Beeeived by S . Booxham . —Watford , per Mr . Walter Cooper , 3 s .: ifr . Heatb , Is .
EXPENSE OF CONFERENCE . Received by W . Hides .-J . Beverell and G . Adishaw , Appte&rd , Is . r FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES OF VICTIMS . Eecared l . jr IT . ltiD £ B . _ lTnU Chartists , per G . Baraett , ? M ' m 11 ' CamaW-market , Is . ; S . Guinaman , Tunbridge Wells , Is . ; J . Lewis . Queen-street , Soho . ls Yeovil Chartists , per J . Wheadon , 10 s . ; Sbtfingham , per J . Sweet , 5 s . Cd . ; I ' arkheacL near Glasgow , per J . 51 'Cracken £ 1 Is . Cd . ; Cheltenham , Boot and Shoe makers , pcrT Ryder , 12 s . < M . ; J . DevcreL . Appleford , Ud .
VICTIM FUND . Received by S . Booshasi . —Mr . Edwards , sa . ; Mr . Small , 6 i ; Mr . Mercy . JTestminster , 6 d . ; Mr . Rider , £ 3 Is . 51 PartproceedsofaBcnefit at the Standard Theatre . Shoreditch , £ 3 ls . Cd .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 24, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1549/page/5/
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