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H TRT ERK 1OU DESPAIR. OLLOWAY'S PILLS . Cure of Asthma.
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»> the PaiU of sTa»? 0 E V^ 5 ' Maeelesfield-street, ( t IJltepat tlle Prilltin8 ^ BSSffi^ -OT ?. 5,Macclesfield-street,
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aw . o ° ,, Jl . ette / fTn X ™*™™ MwWt , a respett . & % ASffi £ * near u ^ n > Irtland < to tuch an extent that I was ofcliged to walk nw room It coujh and phlsgm . Besides taking the pilli I rubbed Plyntyof thy Ointment into mj chest night Ld moiS - ( Signed ) BEWAWNMACKiE . _ Ti Professor Homowat Cure of Typhus Fever when supposed to be at the Point of Death .
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Trad « s Usiom Conspibact at , SnsmBiD . --At the York assizes on Wedneiday , Cornelius Milner . 26 , John Cundy , 21 , Daniel Wilkin , 35 , John Qloa . sop , 38 , George Pickering , 25 , Thomas Ratcliffe , 23 Thomas Cartwright , 21 , and William Windle , 33 were indicted for having , on the 11 th of July last , at Sheffield , unliwfuly conspired to force anrf eempeltwo men named Joseph and William Snape , against their will and with violence to their persons and property , to attend a meeting of the . "Tableknife Grinders' Union , " for the purpose of raising
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Mb . OASTLER ON * FREE TR 1 DE AND EMIGRAT ION caSgrr"" * - » f ° Always remember . I hold it to be true bevond g ; P ^ , ch ^ g « , that , although oSSJSSr "V ^ ^ *« tri umph ove ? another , iSfi «• - " * « 7 * , , - dei ? onstrate . l by experience and fact , tftnt- tile triumph of tlic wiclcd is short ; " and that we true interest oi each and every class is identical none being able to w to another , " 1 have no need « 7 ' -hit . Hence , all are dependent one upon anotner ; and the sli ghtest wrong done to the weakest member of society , must inflict an injury on all . But this is far from being the accepted doctrine of OUr . ige ! Wo have bec-n tiught , and , unluppilv not only the government , but the people also , have
imbibed the destructive notion , that each one is to Consider himself as divided from his neighbour , and - without reference to the ri ght of others , he is to seek bis own independence . Xay , so utterly reg ardless have we become of the truth as it is revealed to to by God himself , that we deny there is any evil in us , and assert that our selfishness and covertousness wliicb . God abhors , are cardinal virtues ; and thatia their unbouiuk-d indulg ence , we are sure to be the benefactors of mankind , and that any restraint on our cupidity is contrary to the dictates of "' common sense . " I ) o not start , my friend ; I speak the word 3 of truth andsobemess . " m "Who is the great apostle of this ? On the evidence of Sir Robert Peel-R-chnrd Cohden . Who is the author of bis creed ! He says-Adam Smith .
Rend , my dear sir , the anti-Christian doctrine taught by Adam Smith . He positively asserts ( but mark , he nowhere demonstrated , ) " Every individual is continually exerting himself to find out the most advenfegeous employment for whatever capital he can command ; although it 1 * 3 his own ad-Tantage , and not that of society , that he has in view yet that , the study of his » iwn advantage , naturally ' or rather , necessarily , leads him to prefer that eniplorment which is m « st advantageous to sociciy . " If that be true , all laws to restrain a man in any attempt to enrich himself are , in their very nature , bad—useless ! Yet . - on the belief of that bare assertion—an assertion iu direct contradiction
to the truth of God—an assertion that receives its refutation a thousand times a day—our laws have undergone an entire change ! and we are now taught , that every arrangement for the purpose of regulating supply and demand , so as to encourage the mutual exchange of our domestic productions and thus 3 eeure a lair remunerating value for each , Is a direct attack upon the independence of every individual who , without regard to any " duty to his neighbour , "it is said and believed , has a ri ght , "to buy at the cheapest market and sell at the dearest market ; " and m so doing , we are assured , he must be rich , and will " necessarily prefer that employment for his capital that is most advantageous to society ! " 6
Sue :. ' , my dear sir , is the only foundation on wlr . ch the scheme called free trade rests . Its apostle does not believe iu it ! So matter . He has persuaded the people of this age to accept that lie —in the place of Christianity—and now the fate of every class , and of each individual , is cast upon that die . r It matters not , whether the employment be on land or sea—at home or in the colonies—at the plongli or the loom —; tt the desk or the counterall nin « tsink under the pressure of that weight !
Why am I writing to you in this strain ? Simply because you say , " I : im of opinion that before any permanent good is done for the workins classes they tbeato . eTves must will it" Xow , I am as sure as I am of my existence that , under the operation of free trade , no goon enn come to the working classes . They are all tdters first— " selling cheap " can never be good for them 3 The tradesmau who istaright to buy- { heir labour cheap ( nay , under the working of free trade he is forced to do so , even against his will , ) is also instructed , by way of " employing his capital most advantageousl y to society . " "to sell dear !"
I need not tell you of the advantage that is taken Of rtoverty in the free irade market ! All England is now ringing with the dismal tales thereof . Yet , under that destructive system , it must be so . And though hundreds of thousands of abject wretches may be persuaded to emigrate , their places will again soon be filled by other victims to the fell principle of free action . Yes ; any how , the mere working-man , the artisan , the labourer , whose only stock is his labour and whose only capital is his wages , must be a loser by universal cheapness . He must sell all his stock before he can luy anything ; and , when forei'm goods are introduced for consumption , instead m
tnose on which he was employed , his loss of labour —his strife against poverty—bis moving about in search of employment—his having at Lost to learn a new occupation—the pains , the anguish , homusf undergo , in what is called "being absorbed in other industrial pursuits , " are such as no " money rW can compensate . He is 110 longer sustained . hope ; wherever he goes the greedy monster competition meets him ; his heart breaks , or in the bitterness of despair he yields to the persuasions of those who advise him to emi grate ! And who can tell the agonising sufferings of the vast majority of tliose who are thus driven from their native land ?
Remember , however , emigration is a necessary part of the grand scheme of free-trade . It has ever been a pet nostrum witbjthe self-styled philosopher ^ The wretches who are driven into the most a ' lject state of poverty ( by the confusion created in society on the introduction of the produce of other people ' s labour , in the place of theirs ) , are an indecent plague-spot , that must be removed out of sight , and , as our " capitalists have invested lar ^ -clv in the colonies , " it is hoped that "the benevolent"" will raise a fund to remove so much misery from our own land , and thus enable " the lucky holders of large tracts to buy the labour of those wretched victims at a cheap rate in the colonies . "
Beiore we impiously assert that God has left our people without the means of providing food , raiment , and homes , should we not yield obedience to Bis laws , and not , by open rebellion against the Highest , mah ? such insane commercial arrangements , as must , in their very nature , deprive our people ofthemean 3 of subsistence , by destroying the value of their labour ? " ° "We are now more cruel than was 'Marcus . He recommended that , by way of apportioning the jnouiis to the food , a certain proportion of the children of the poor should , with their first breath , inhale a deadly < ras , and thus breathe their last . We
force them to linger in penury and destitution till their hearts are broken , and then , " most benevolavtl : j" require tbem to submit to transportation ! Is it not , to say the least , impertinent , that those vhebave displaced their labour here , by introducing that of foreigners , should now demand their exile ? Is it not a proof of dishonesty or insanity , when those who said , ayear or two ago , "We must have food for the people from abroad , because we are too many !"—now , that the food is come , to spend the inwipy required to piy for it , in removing the very people that were to consume it ? But , remember , all this terrible waste was sanctioned by the working classes of London !
flow say you ? You are a London workingman , whose labour has been sadly reduced in value by foreign competition . IIow say you now—are the working classes still the dupes of Mr . Cobden ? Or will iliey hear the voice of reason that tells themnot anything can be cheap to a working man , that yields not a sufficiency of wages for the producer ' s necessities and comforts ? If so—to the point . Your declaration set me a thinking how can I now host promote the true interest of the working classes ? It strikes me if they would listen I could prove that they have been the dupes of Mr . Cobden , who himself I can prove does not believe in the principles of Free Trade . It Ls clear , that , although Mr . Cohden prevailed npon Sir Robert Peel and the members of the Borne of Commons , to believe that Adam Smith had demonstrated the truth of the free trade theory , Adam Smith has done no such thin * .
It is also clear that * although Mr . Cobden and Sir K . Peel assert , " Common sense dictates that the way to become rich is to buy at the cheapest mar * feet , and sell at the dearest market ; " yet , plausible as'the doctrine seems , it is untrue : else , Ireland would now be the richest country in the' wurfd , Saving for the last half century , bought her labour at the cheapest market , and sold her produce at the dearest market ifi the world ! Why , then , is she poor I Because she has exported what she ought to iave consumed in exchange for other domestic productions . Oh , but the ready reply is , " Absenteeism has impoverished Ireland . " Always remember , absenteeism is . in strict accordance with free trade principles—the " Philosophers" of that school teach , it matters not wherethe money is spent , it
must return again' to enrich the place from which it came . "Oh , but it is -tbfe famine I" cry others . The strongest proof that-can be given of Ireland ' s previous poverty is ,. tne famine—so called . Could a blight inpotatocs have produced a famiise , where the people could have purchased corn , mutton , pork , and ; beef , ?^ Dunng all that "famine" Irelond was . ^ wt f / njr immense quantities of such like food , because her inhabitants were too poor to purchase it , vif the system of emigration be an enriching process ; Ireland cannot be poor—she has been dosed to repletion by that free trade safety-valve . Say , then ,, what you may , Ireland ii reduced to poverty , * ' by buying at the cheapest market and selling at the dearest market . " . Ah ! my good friend , it is true , although the proud self-styled philosophers will not believe it ,
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There is a way u-Mcfc $ eemeth right unto man , but the end titereof are tfie ways of death . " We , in England , are now pursuing the same game : persuading ourselves that out own products are dear : we buy for our own consumption what we call cheap productions , we then export millions of pounds' worth of goods , which we ought to be consuming in exchange for other home productions preferring to drive such home producers to the workhouse , to emigration , or to the hulks—resolving however sure their trust may he in the Lord , however good m their lives , however industrious in their habits , they shall not " dwell in the land " to be fed b y the fruits of their labour
All these facts are in the range of proof . Will the working classes of London be persuaded ? or would they hiss and hoot , and by their clamour put to silence the man who ventured on such Have they forgotfon the delusive promises of the Free Traders ? " Plenty of work at hi gh wa ° es' " Tivo masters bidding against each other for oi ,, man ! " Have the sh opkeepers forgotten K ™ raised harvest under free trade ? «« Double Drofc « and double returns ! " protU 8 > Again , we were told by the Free Traders- " We should save eighty to one hundred millions of pounds a year , by the introduction of the single article of corn ! " But , where now is that immfnse " urn S money ? Have the manufacturers secured it ? Uo they are working short time , and the universal cry from them is-Lou I Loss ! LOSS ! " Is i t T the hands of the merchants '—They declare the baance is on the wrong side . Do the tills of the shopkeepers tingle with gold , instead of silver t—ih
no ; one of them told me the other day "Silver has taken the place of gold . " It is allowed the landlords and farmers have no longer pocketed that sum . Is , then , that large promised amount iu the hands of your order—the working classes ? Have they secured the great boon ? -The workhouses the prisons , the streets , the lanes , the desolate homes , the hordes of homeless wanderers answer , , ™ then » haTe the colonists secured the prize ? They am ruined . The tinselled bubble is indeed burst . It has rendered poverty instead of wealth . Now the Free Traders exclaim , " We have paid too dearly forour whistle ; we are so poor we cannot pay our taxes « ^ L ' ^ S ??* ™ " » Wn pur population !"
iorei ew SWa ° f 0 Ur industl 7 to WHat say you my friend—will the working classes of London listen to the truth on these matters ? Or are they still resolved to persist ioanunivem "breadand cheese" warfare ^ each department 0 English industry resolving to buy the produce of every other department at the chea pest foreign price -cutting each others' throats under the banner of universal competition , led on by men everlasting shouting "Peace , peace , " while they carry strffe poverty , and death into every cottage ? ' If you believe that the members of your order in London are wilhng to hear the truth on these points and are prepared to lay aside all party and sechirmn
Vrejuuices-to join hand and hear t / with ii engaged in the : productive , agricultural , manufacturing , mercantile , shipping , and colonial interests of this vast empire ( on the princi ple that " The Me cannot say unto the hand , 1 have no need of thee nor again the head to the feet , I have no need of you " \ in procuring such regulations as are possible and necessary , to give its true value to the labour and skill of each ; let me hearyou say so . I shall then have hope for my country ! What nobler employment for the working classes ofthe metropolis of this vast empire can ttere be than to roll back that overselling wave of poverty ^? 5 fe * Stt ? J . ? 4 aeath-whfc h 5 under the of free trade is
name overwhelmin ? all ' -1 than to eradicate that canker which is destroying the very life-blood of the whole people' How I shall rejoice to spend mj ' remaining energies in aiding tlm ; good work ! The yery thought tLu it is po "f ble thus to save our common country , makes me feel youngagain : —Believe me to be , dear sir Yours , most truly , ' To m . W . Gurnell , Si -wea ^ lbbeyS ' et , Bethnal-green-road , London . P . S . —Send the poor to the colonies indeed ' Why the very men who say so know that the colonie ^ 2 *? E 2 J . & ?! o rultn 9 faetioa ~" Man -
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• A gentleman who consumes as much cotton as anv oaie ^ toldme . a few weeks ago : _• Sir George Grey was teufcq . to roe about the prospe . ity of the cotton dfK 1 told him . it n useless to talk to me in that way , IK we were losing money very fost , and were only worMn * four aays a week-merel y to keep our peoplefrom want ¦ * B . 0 .
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—————————————MMR . SHARMAN CRAWFORD'S ARGtt MENT FOR IRELAND . The following extracts are from a recent pamphlet by Mr . Sharman Cravforil , H . P . : With reference to Belgium . Mr . Mills says : — " This is one of the most decisive examples against English prejudice . The soil of the provinces of West and East Flanders and Haiuault consists almost wholly of a barren sand . The land of the Campine can be compared to nothing but sands on the sea-shore . Here the small proprietor commences with a smalt spot ; he covers part with young broom ; partis plan ted with potoes . ¦ Butnwnures , both solid and liquid , are collectin g : and this is the
nucleus from which , in a few years , a little farm will spread around , and-the cultivator , gradually enlarging it by degrees , acquire that extent of productive soil which is necessary for his wants . And why does he do this which no capitalist could think of doing ? Because he ia working for himself , and has the certainty of enjoying that which his own labour shall create . On this subject Mr . Laing makes the following observation : — " It ia not an individual nor a generation that can reclaim a barren waste with advantage . . . . . Capital is thrown away , and labour is not repaid , unless a scanty subsistence irom the soil be a repayment for the labour of cultivating it . Yet if it be the labourer ' s own , he will put up with that recompense
Each succeeding generation is better off by the gradual improvement of the soil from continued cultivation The baBis of thisimprovoment of the uncultivated land of a country is undoubtedly population , settled as proprietors , and working on small garden-like portions from generation to generation . Large operations , with outlay of capital rarely succeed in reclaiming lands , and still more rarely afford a real profit . The first operation in reclaiming land from a state of nature ia certainly to plant it with men . " The Belgian small holding system has been so often described . it ia not necessary I should enter 'nto details . . The superior cultivation and comfort of the Belgian peasants cannot be disputed .
Mr . Thornton , in his advocacy of peasant proprietors , refers to Switzerland ; he refers to the small holdingo , and the combination of manufacturing earnings with the small occupancy of the soil ; and he quotes Dr . Bowring , as follows : •— ' I am acquainted with no country in which prosperity has descended so low and spread so widely as among the laborious classes of the Swiss manufacturing districts . I was surprised to find what largo portions of them had , by their savings , acquired landed property ^ . . - . I found in their habitations amass of enjoyments such as are possessed by few of similar stations in other countries . '' Mr . Thornton quotes Mr . Laing ' s description as follows : — « ' The great charm of Switzerland , next to its scenery , is the air of well-being , the neatness , the sense of propriety imprinted on the neoole . their dwelling
and their plots of land . " Mr . Thornton then states that there are exceptions in Switzerland ; that it is not free fronvpauperism ; but even the pauperism turnishes additional proof of the excellence of peasant proprietorship , for pauperB are most rare where landed property is most divided , and are found in the greatest numbers in those districts which contain the largest estates . In the whole of the Engadine the land belongs to the peasantry , and in" no country of Europe , " iays Mr . Inghs . "will be found so few poor as in the Engadine There is not a foot of waste land in the Engadine , the lowest part of which is not much lower than the top of Snowdon . Wherever grass will grow , there it is ; wherever a rock will bear a blade , verdure is seen upon it ; wherever rye will succeed there it is cultivated . Barley and oats have also their appropriate spots ; and wherever it is possible to ripen a little patch of wheat the cultivation of it is attempted .
The same description of the effects of small proprietorship is given with reference to the several other countries I have named , and therefore it may not be necessary to refer to them more particularly . But the Channel Islands afford so remarkable ' an example that they are deserving of an especial tfctice . r Mr . Le Quesne states that the area of Jersey is about 26 , 000 statute acres ; and that of Guernsey 15 , 360 . Deducting from each of these one-third for barren land , towns , and roads , thero will remain fit [ ° . nn c , ! ;' ltIon 10 > acres '" Guernsev , and 17334
. in Jersey . The population ( by the census of 1841 ) was 28 , 578 in Guernsey , and 47 . 546 in Jersev The population taken in the whole area is in Guernsey , 1 , 190 to the square mile , and in Jersey , 1 , 188 : in England the population is about 300 to the square mile , m Scotland not quite 100 , and in Ireland 250 ! So that the population of these islands is about four times as dense as England nearly twelve times as dense as Scotland , and nearly five times denser than Ireland . With the exception of a few estates in Jersey , the average size of farms may be estimated at rather under eight acres . la Guernsey the average size is rather
Mr . Lc Quesne proceeds to state the condition of the islands as follows :- " The houses avc substantial and stone-built , having a large hearth in the kitchen , on which a particular kind of seaweed is burnt for manure ; and hung in the broad chimney may be observed flitches of bacon . The owner of the estate and his famil y all work themselves , and rarely hire labourers . In the country parishes agricultural labourers are almost unknown . In the busy times of work the neighbours help each other both in working and ploughing . Care , industry , and economy are the characteristics of the country people of the Channel Islands . . . In the Channel Islands the people arc well clad well fed , well housed . They have an interest a -
, pro prietorship , in the soil they till , and can say with an honest pride , ' This house and this land are mine ; I have inherited them from my fathers or acquired them b y my industry , and I shall transmit them to my children . '" Mr . Le Quesne then refers to the objection that small peasant proprietorshi p leads to early marriages and excessive population . He denies this to be the case in the Channel Islands . He saya early and improvident marriages are unknown . The children of a landowner , however small may be his property , haveafeelmgof respectability and moral pride , which they will not venture to lose by an early and improvident marriage ; and a feeling of independence makes them scorn the idea of parochial assistance .
The inhabitants import wheat from Holland and Germany , and meat from France ; and they export various other things in place of these commodities . He states that the average rent of good land may be estimated at £ 6 , and its value at £ 150 per acre Mr . Thornton gives the following comparison of the production of the small farms of the peasant proprietor with the large farms of England . In the year 1837 , the average yield of wheat on the large farms of England was only twenty-one bushels , and the highest average for any county was no more than twenty-six bushels . For his authority he refers to a table in Macculloch ' s " Statistics of tho British Empire , " vol . i ., p . 482 . The highest average since claimed for England , liv a statement
tram the same authority , is thirty bushels . In Jersey the average produce of wheat per acre , by official returns , in the year ending 18 U 3 , was forty bushels . In Flanders the average yield of wheat was stated at thirty bushels . In Belgium the average of barley is forty-five bushels , while in England it is only thirty-three bushels . But if further proofs be wanting of the superior production ot small holdings , it may be found in England amonc the allotment holders of a quarter of an acre , who ofen draw a profit of £ 5 from that morsel of ground . Mr . Mills makes the following observation as to the mode of living of the small Flemish holder which is applicable to peasant proprietors generally ! The Flemish farmers and labourers live much more
economically than the same class in England ; they seldom eat meat except on Sundays and in harvest . Buttermilk and potatoes , with brown bread , are their daily food . It is on this kind of evidence that English travellers , as they hurry through Europe , pronounce the peasantry of every country poor and miserable , its agricultural iind social system a failure , and the English the only regime on which labourers are well off . They habitually mistake the signs of economy for those of poverty . Again he remarks , quoting from Laing ' s "Norway " - — •« Our agricultural writers tell us that agricultural labourers are much better off as fanr . servants than they would be as proprietors . We have only the master ' s word for tins . Ask the servant The colonists told us the same thing of their slaves ! If property is a good and desirable thing , I suspect the smallest quantity is good and desirable , and that the state of society in which it is most widely
diffused is best constituted . " Mr . Mills sums up his arguments in the following concluding sentence . — " As the result of this inquiry into the direct operation and indirect influences of peasant properties , I conceive it to be established that there is no necessary connexion between this form of landed property and an imperfect state of the arts of production ; that it is favourable in quite as many respects as it is unfavourable to the most effective use of the powers of the soil : that no other existing state of agricultural economy has so beneficial an effect , upon the industry , the intelligence , the frugality , and prudence of the population ; nor tends on the whole so much to discourage an improvident increase of numbers ; and that no other , therefore , is on the whole so favourable , in the present , state of their education , to their moral and physical welfare .
On these facts , and the opinions of writers of distinguished abilities which I have quoted , shall I rely for the support of the principle winch I now desire to establish , and which I trust is fairly proved—that the superior condition of the population of the improved districts of the north of Ireland , in which the population is more dense and tho land more minutely and generally subdivided , as compared with the distressed southern and western districts , is caused by the difference ia the relationship
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of landiord ' and tenant ; and more particularly by the security of tenure , fov which the tenant-right custom- affords a practical although not a . legal security . ' I .-Vpulu , however , ask any person who still doubts on the subject , ^ Yho still hesitates in reference to race or religion , whether he can believe that if the northern tenants were to change places with the southern and western , and bo sub-[ eoted to the same system of landlord and tenant , and the same want of security of tenure , they would be in their present prosperous condition , or would tho best part of Ulster be improved as it now is ? It next remains for me to prove the converse of the last position , namely , that the miserable distressed population in ' tho west and the south are
in that state owing to the absence of any security of tenure . If my first position bo admitted as proved , the second ( that which I now contend for ) would follow as a corollary from the first . But I do not desire to blink the question by taking advantage of that position ; I shall therefore offer those facts and arguments which would be suitable to support the second position independently of the previous arguments on the first . The tenantry occupying the soil of the west and aouth of Ireland are known by tlit name of a cottier tenantry . Now . what is a cottier tenure ? It is thus defined by Mr . Mills : — " By the general appellation of cottier tenure I shall designate all cases ,
without exception , in which the condition of the contract , especially the amount of rent , are determined not by custom but by competition . . . . Rent being regulated by competition , depends upon tno relation between the demand for land and the supply of it . The demand for land depends upon the number of competitors , and the competitors are the whole rural population . . . . Rent in this state of things depends on the proportion between population and land ; as the' land is a fixed quantity , while population has an unlimited power of increase ( and under this tenure there is no moral action to prevent Us increase , ) the competition for land soon forces rent up to the highest point consistent with keeping the population alive . "
Under these circumstances , I hold it impossible to argue thatthese cottier tenants are free agents hi dealing with the landowner for his land . It is well remarked by Mr . Laing ,, that such bargains are like the bargain and freewill of the passengers in a vessel stranded on the Goodwin Sands , treating with the Deal boatmen to bring them to land . I ? ow if the foregoing definition of cottier tenantry be well considered and kept in mind , all the consequences which have resulted from that system in the west and south of Ireland will be the evident and necessary results of the system . We have it ia the evidence from which I have already quoted , that the practice of letting lands in the west and south was by competition . When a tenant was ejected , the lands were put up to be bid for ; and
thus the competition of tho population was sought for and created , and acted upon iu the letting ; and the successful competitor having usually bid without consideration of value , or of his means to pay according to his engagement , was always in the power of his landlord b arrear of rent . And if it suited the purpose of that landlord , a new competition could be created , and the lands let again to some new competitor , urged by the desire to obtain the means of living by the occupation of the soil . Now , under such circumstances as these , it is plain , as is remarked by Mr . Mills , that any increased value given to the land by the exertions of the tenant , would have no other effect but to raise the rent against himself , and so to afford an
inducement to the landlord for his disposscssment . The consequence is , that there can be no improvement , find therefore there can be no employment ; that the population are indolent , apathetic , and apparently lazy ; that they have not the sufficient means to support life , although those means could be procured from the soil by proper cultivation ; and that , amidst accumulating pauperism , overwhelming rates , and non-payment of either rents or rates , the people aro starving . The Irish cottier tenant is most truly described by Mr . Mills in tho following words t-Almost alone among mankind , the Irish cottier is in this condition , that he can scarcely be any better or worse off by any act of his own . If he was industrious
orprudent , nobody but his landlord would gain by it . If ho is lazy or intemperate , it is at his landlord ' s expense . A situation more devoid of motives either to labour or self-command , imagination itself cannot conceive . The inducements of free human beings are taken away , and those of the slave not substituted . Ho has nothing to hope and nothing to fear , except being dispossessed of his holding , and against this he protects himself by the ultuna ratio of a defensive civil war . Rockism and Whiteboyism are the determination of a people ( who have nothing that can be called theirs but a daily meal of the lowest description of food , ) not to submit being deprived of that for other people ' s convenience . " I shall now close this part of the av « umcnt I
have quoted the authority of others rather than use arguments of my own , conceiving that the opinions of Mr . Mills and other able writers whom I have quoted would be more influential than anything I could say myself ; and I trust that I have proved , to the satisfaction of every unprejudiced mind , that the relationship . of-landlord and ' tenant , as it now stands in the west and south , having a cottier tenantry paying rents charged by competition and by valuation or custom , and having no certain tenure , is the cause of all the poverty which is now overwhelming parts of the west and south , and which , if not checked , will ( more especially by the operation of tho poor rates ) spread its baneful influence to the more sound districts of tho country involving all in common ruin .
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WOUSIIIP-STREET .-Dahino RoBBEnr is A Shop . —Ellen Curton , was charged with stealing fifty yards of calico , the porperty of Mr . John Jackson , linen-draper , High-street , Shoreditoh— G Trew , City police officer , No . 26 , said that on Mon day evening he was in plain clothes in High-street Shoreditch , when ho observed the prisoner at the door of the prosecutor ' s shop attempting to take away thoeaUco , which was in a pile of goods , and which was fastened by a chain , She deliberately removed the chain , and took away the calico . She went away with the goods , when he stopped her at a few yards from the shop . He brought her back and tho property was indentified by the assistance of Mr . Jackson . —Tho prisoner , who said that she had two children who were starving , was remanded Violent Assault . —Daniol Lorden , a weaver ' living in Parliamentcourt
- , Artillery-ground , was charged with committing tho Mowing murderous assualt upon his wife , Catherine Lorden , who is in the London Hospital , and who was unable to attend in consequence of the severe injuries she has roeoived .-Policeman Kelly , H division , said that about 12 0 clock on Monday night ho was on duty m the Artillery-ground , when the prisoner ' s daughter came up to him and requested him to accompany her home , observing that her father was murdering he mother , and that he had struck her a violent blow on the head with an iron bar . He proceeded there , and found the woman seated ia a chair ; her clothes wore covered with blood . He spoke to her , and found her insensible—In specter , Veono , H division , produced an iron bar on which there were marks of blood . He also produced a certificate from the London Hospital in which it was stated she was in danger . —The ini soner was remanded foraweok . *
MARYLEBOHE . — Mysterious Robbeot of Jeweliery -Elizabfith Lauzed , housemaid to Charles John Oox , Esq ., of i \ o . 10 , South-bank , Regent s-park , was charged with having been conl cerned with a man , not yet taken , in having plm > . dered her master of jewollory , &c ., to a very large amount . —Mr . Harris , a solicitor , attended for the prosecution . —Mr . Cox gave evidence to the effect that the prisoner came into his service with a verv good character , and that on the previous day he left home with his wife to dino with some friends in Oxford-torrace . As thfire was no necessity for more than one of his servants to remain in care of the premises , it was arranged between tho cook and the prisoner that the latter should keep house and leave was given to her to have her sister with ' her . In the course of the same evening , the cook who had returned home after spending tho dav nut ' to
came we prosecutor in Oxford-terrace , and from what she communicated to him , he hastily repaired to his dwelling , and found that drawers , e ffi It had been forced open , and a lamo ouantitv « r valuable property stolen ; one of the articles alone which was a brooch set with diamonds vll Z ^ ti 130 guineas , His loss altogether eSded 3 - By tie magistrate :: "When 1 first saw the prisons upon my going into the house she was greatly excited , and said she had done wrong by letting a man in while I was absent . Sho aliened tint \ l V £ known him but a short time , Stha ? the 8 m tune she saw him was last Sunday , when m bK was gomg put at the gate , he entered in 0 ' ZJt aation \ tier
mn , ana on Monday mornino a wVm called upon her with a note from h ° m & twR said that he would see her the A day at }* o ' clock . He came according to his nrnmW ^ she let him in and before hi ! depanuFoTe ? siS was compelled to go away . Sho ( nrwnnoA S that while theminwi . ink bSJlS ? &' jj * aion more than once to go upstairs , in order to SPI to some stoves ( which were of a peculiar construe turn , and under her immediate care , ) and it w ««« I until then that sho believed , from tto ' nfi ? which she beheld in the different apartments Ti the house had been robbed . As soon „ she ^ to this conclusion she went down into the kiro ^ and ! meiitionedh ' er suspicions to the man w ^ - ' mediately seized hold , of a pokor , at tlTa ' amoVm " saying that he would go out and lo ok for a Li , „ man . He then quitted the premises , ind rtjfe nothing move of him .-Ihe cook , who made th , discovery of tho robbery , w ^ Mt present , DU J £
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was stated that she would be forthcoming upon a future occasion if required .-rOther .: evidence was gone into , and the note received by the prisoner was produced and read by the magistrate ; it was signed " Charles Robinson , " and he addressed the prisoner as his " Dear Elizabeth ; " A-Prayer Book was found in tho kitchen , having in it the name of 11 Charle 9 Robinson , " and it was in the same handwriting as the note , When accused by the officers and her master of the robbery the prisoner at first expressed a wish to rush into tho canal , which was near at hand , and afterwards asked as a favour that a carving knife might be given to her , in order that she might put an end to her life . Her
bexes were searched , but no portion of tne lost property was discovered in either of them . — The prisoner , on being asked what she had to say , replied that she ktew that sho had done wrong in admitting one of whom she knew so little into her master ' s premises , and she could come to no other opinion than that the guilty parties must be the man , assisted by the woman by whom the note from him had been sent , as she had before alluded to . She was quite innocent in the matter , and had no idea of there being anything wrong until she went up stairs and found her master ' s desk open . — She was remanded on bail , herself in £ 40 and her brother in £ 30 , as security for her being forthcoming on Monday next .
OLE RKEN WELL . —A Thief Detected . —John Smith , alias Johnson , alias Green alias Lee , aged 16 , a well known thief , who has been repeatedly in oustody , and convicted on charges of felony , was charged with having committed numerous robberies under daring circumstances . —Mr . Lewis , solicitor , of No . 52 , Hunter-street , Brunswick-square , stated that on Tuesday evening at half-past six o ' clock , he was at dinner , when he received information that the prisoner had called with a message from Mr . Moore , bootmaker , residing in the neighbourhood , for a pair of boots which required stretching . A policeman was procured , as he ( Mr . Lewis ) was aware that it was a false message , and the prisoner was taken to the station-house , were he was recognised as a convicted thief . —Mary Mortimer , housekeeper to Mr . John Fisher , of No . 19 ,
Doughtystreet , Brunswick-square , said that on Friday evening last , about half-past six o ' clock , the prisoner called at her master ' s house and told her that he had been sent by Mr . Moore , the bootmaker , for 2 pair of boots to stretch . She went up stairs to inform her master , when the prisoner , during her temporary absence , stole a valuablo desk from the parlour , belonging to Mr . Fisher . She positively indentified the pvisoner . —Mr . Combe ( to the prisoner : ) Have you got anything to say to tho charge ?—Prisoner ( coolly ) : No , only that I am guilty . —Clerk : I suppose you wish to get transported?—Prisoner ( smiling ) : That ' s the very thing that I do mnt . He was remanded for further charges to bo brought forward against him ; and he was locked up , laughing with the utmost indifference .
LAMBETH . —Robbkry . —William Brown was charged with stealing a pair of trowsers , of the Taluc of six shillings , from the ihop door of Mr . Groves , a clothier and tailor , in the Lower Marsh Lambath , —Barnet Simmondg deposed that on Monday night ho was standing at the door of hit brother ia thi New Cut . and saw the prisoner go up to the door of Mr . Groves , deliberately take down a pair of trousers and walk away with them . He ( witnesi ) followed the prisoner , and stopped him , when T , Painter , a servant ef Mr . Groves , came up and identified the trowse 3 as tbe property of his master . The prisoner made a desperate resistance , but wag ultimately brought to the station and charged with the robbery . —The prisoner , who said he picked up the trowsers , wag fully committed for trial .
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Accident on the Manchester , Sheffield , and Lincolnshire Railway . —On Wednesday two men , named W . O'Brien , aged 31 , and Jamos Kennedy , aged 20 , were killed by tbe up-train which is duo &t Gainsborough at 5 p . m . It appears from the evidence given before the coroner , that these men were bricklayers' labourers , and that they had been serving tho bricklayers who were building some cattle pens at Sturton-le-Steeple station , where the fatal catastrophe occurred . Mr . Spillings , the station master , on perceiving the approach of the train , hoisted a red flag , with the intention of stopping a luggage train which was coming from Gainsborough , so that a horsebox might be attached to it ; but the engineer whistled , which indicated
tha t ; he could not bring up the train a 3 it was so heavily loaded . Mr . Spillings no sooner was aware of this than he motioned his wife to hold up the green flag , warning the driver to proceed cautiously . When this took place he was at the points , ready to turn the train on to a siding where the horse-box was . Tho luggago train was proceeding at the rate of five miles an hour . The two unfortunate men ( one of whom resides at Retford . ) on per < ceivmgthe train proceed bo slowly , threw down their tools , and ran towords it , purposing , it is believed , to get on one of the trucks and ride to Retford . Mr . Spillings called to them to get out of the way , or they would be killed ; they either did not hear , or they paid ne attention , for hn huA rm
sooner said the words than a train was upon them coming in collision with both . One of tho poor fellows was carried a distance of seventeen or eighteen yards from where he came in contact with tho tram . He was finally deposited in a culvert They were both terribly mutilated ; one had the back part of his head driven in , and the other had his forehead knocked in by the engine and one Ot his legs was shockingly lacerated . O'Brien has left a wife and two children to lament his loss . No blame was attached either to the station master or the engine drivers . Kennedy was terribly mutilated by being run over . On and after the first of January next , foreign cotiee will be admitted at a duty of 8 d ., and British colonial at one of 3 d . per lb . Bonded coffee to be admitted on payment of the new duties
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CORN . Mark-hane , Monday , December 24 The arrivals of English wheat are again small , and a few picked samples of white wheat have huen sold at Is per quarter advance , but in red English and Foreign wheat there is no improvement in price , although the market is very firm , » nd many holders askin g more money . The value of flour is unaltered , and it meets a little improvement , in demand . Barley is depressed by large arrivals from abroad , andi prices just maintained . Beans and white peas sell slowly at last week ' s prices . Grey peas are Is to 2 s per quarter lower . Welraye a large arrival of Foreign oats , but demand lias been fair , and prices maintained since this day se ' nnight . There hare been some sales of cargoes of wheat and Indian corn , and the value of Polish Odessa wheat is 37 s to 38 s ; Galatz wheat 38 s ; Galatz Indian com 28 s 6 d , cost , freight , and insurance .
Lritjsh . —Wheat . —Essex , Suffolk , and Kent , red , new 38 s to 42 s , ditto white 40 s to 48 s , Lincoln , Norfolk , and York » Ihire , red 35 s to 38 s , Northumberland and Scotch , whit * 32 s to 37 s , ditto red 34 s to 38 s , Devonshire and Somerset * shire , red , —s to —s , ditto white — to —s , rye , 2 ls to 23 i . barley , 24 s to 2 fis , Scotch 22 g to 24 s , ' Angus—s to —b , Malt ordinary , —s to -s , pale 50 s to 51 s , peas , grey , new 25 s to 27 s , maple 27 s to 29 s , white 23 s to 24 s , boilers new 26 s to 2 H beans , large , new 23 s to 25 s , ticks 25 s to 37 fe haiTOW , 27 s to 29 s , pigeon , 30 s to 32 s , oats , Lincoln and Yorkshire feed , 15 s to 19 s , ditto l'oland and potato , 17 s to 208 , Berwick and Scotch , 17 s to 21 s , Scotch feed , 17 s to 22 s , Irish feed , ana black 15 s to 20 s , ditto potato , 17 s to 23 s , linseed ( sowing ) 50 s to 52 s , rapeseed , Essex , new £ 27 to £ 30 per last , carraway seed , Essex , new 26 s to 303 per cwt , rape cake , £ 4 to £ 410 s per . ton , lin « seed , £ 9 10 s to £ 10 10 s . per 1 , 000 , flour , per sack of 280 Vb 9 , ship , 2 ds to 30 s , town , 38 s to 40 s .
Foreign . —Wheat — Dantag , 44 s to 50 s , Anhalt and Marks , 38 to 40 s , ditto white , 40 s to 42 s , Pomeranian red . 40 s to 42 s , Rostock 44 s to 46 s , Danish , Holstein , and Fnesland , 30 s to 34 s , Petersburgh , Archangel , and Riga , 32 s to 34 s , Polish Odessa , 32 s to 34 s , Marianopoli , and Berdianski , 32 s to 35 s , Taganrog , 32 s to 34 s , Brabant and French , 3 is to 30 s , ditto white , 38 s to 42 s , Salonica , 30 s to ? Ss , Egyptian , 23 s to 26 s , rye , 20 s to 22 s , barley , Wsmar and Rostock , 18 » to 21 s , Danish , 18 s to 23 s , Saal , 20 s ta 24 s , EastFriesland , I 6 s to 18 s , Egyptian , 14 s to 15 s ; Danube , 14 s to 15 s , peas , white , 23 s to 26 s , new boilers , 26 s to 27 s , beans , horae , 22 s to 24 b , pigeon , 25 s to 2 Gs , Egyptian , 22 s to 24 s , oats , Groningen , Danish , Bremen , and Friesland , feed and black , 11 s to 15 s . ditto , thick and brew , 15 s to 22 s , Riga , Petersburgh , Archangel , and Swedish , Hi So 16 s , flour , United States , per 19 « lbs ., 22 s to 24 s , Hamburgh 20 s to 22 s , Dantzig and Stettin 20 s to 23 s , French per 2801 bs ., 32 sto 34 s . . **
Wednesday , Dec . 2 G . —With a moderate quantity of grain fresh ia this week , we have a steady demand for most articles , without variation in price . Arrivals this week : — Wheat—English , 340 quarters foreign , 5 , 350 quarters . Barley—English , 2 , 698 quarter *; foreign , 4 , 610 quarters . Oats — English , 3 , 300 quarters : foreign 3 , 420 , Flour—810 sacks . Richmond ( Youkshibb , ) December 22 . — We had a fair supply of grain in our mavket this morning . 'Wheat sold from 4 s Od to 5 s ad ; oats , Is 6 d to 3 s Od barlej 3 s 6 d to 3 s 9 d ; beans , 4 s 0 d to 4 s 3 d , per bushel . BREAD . : Ihe prices of wheaten bread in the metropolis are from 6 Ja . to 7 d .- , of household ditto , 5 d . to Cd . per libs . loaf .
CATTLE . ' Smitiifibw , Monday , Dec . 24 . —Very few arrivals have taken place at the outports . By sea , from Ireland , lit oxen have come to hand for this market . This being almost a holiday market , the supply of boasts—which was chiefly composed of the refuse of that exhibited on Friday—on offer to-day was limited , but of full average quality . All breeds ruled heavy , and were lower to purchase , the best Scots re » alisinjt only 4 s per Slbs ., and a clearance was not effected . The numbers of sheep were very small ; nevertheless , so httle business was transacted in that description ot stock that prices were nominal . Calves were in shortsupply and heavy demand , at barely stationary prices . Scarcely a transaction took place in pigs the number of which vvaa trifling ,
Head op Cattle at Smimfield Friday . —Beasts , 1 , 436 sheep , 3 920 ; calves , 310 ; pigs , 290 . Mondaj .-Beasts , 1 , 545 ; sheep , 7 , 090 ; calves , 75 ; piga , U 0 . Price per Btone of 81 bs . ( sinking the offaL )—Beef , 3 s Od to , ° dj mutton , 3 s Od to 4 s 4 d ; real , 3 s id to 4 s lOd ; pork , 3 s 4 d to 4 s 2 d . Newgate and liBADEsnMx , Monilay , Dec . 24 . —Inferior beef , 2 s 8 e ) to 2 s 10 a ; middling ditto , 3 s Od to 3 s 4 d : prinw large , 3 s 6 d to 3 s 8 d ; prime small , 3 s lOd to 4 s Od ; larat m - Hi- & } ° 3 s * 4 d ; inferior mutton > 2 s 8 d t 0 2 * lOd ; middUng ditto , 330 dto 3 s 4 u ; prime ditto , 3 s 6 ato 3 sl 0 d ; IT \ J \ ° i 3 s m ' 6 maU P ° ' * < W ^ 4 s 2 d per 81 bs . by the carcase .
PROVISIONS . London , Monday , Dec . 24 . —The arrivals last week from Ireland were 14 , 420 firkins butter and 1 , 480 LIs bacon : and from foreign ports 5 , 800 casks butter and 320 boxes and in th , » wf ° n- \ . y ? Particular alteration to notice m the butter market ; the change in the weather to frost has given more tono . to the demand , and eondderin-tta season a fair amount of business transacted . The baco « ? £ ** Is to 2 s per cwt ,, owing chiefly to the ftt"f supphes . P , gS Jmve advanced in Ireland -s to 4 s per cwt ., and the manufacturers now look for a endtngI ) eT 2 O 2 ^ ent - St 0 Ck and acUveries for & . week BOTTEB . BAC 0 } f 1847 lawk D r -n ^ S tOck - ' D ' ^ very : 82 :::: g » 8 $ S A * l 1849 .... colaa 8 ; 2 { o g ° i-J-g ? « Sr ^ h 5 ^ rS 3 ^ Ss SSSHSfeS
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SEEDS . maS w ' . P aayi ^ ; 24—The transactions in the seed gtee ^^ quu-edfor , andcauavy was the turn cheaper . """ r SXs 8 SS % SS Siffi' S f * «« j ssr ? - » - ^ siiie ^ BSB ^^ to 25 s ; Canary < Z ^ inmrW ^ S" ^ ° ) 16 S bushel ) -s to -sTatto SweS stV ""? ' white > Per bushel 4 s Cd to 4 b < M •™ . ™ } ° ~ s : tares > wintec new 30 sto » JT ^ £ ^ &S Sn& a 8 s t ° ;
t , HOPS . at the currency Of thVS yieek 1 " a VeVJ ^ sUte » Mon TALL 0 W ' HIDE S , AND OILS ~ talW hS Ei 2 ' aiS w « ? port the <*<> maud foe Sn r ? ward tendency » PY p P £ ccs hava ^^" «^ 2 * S-& 5 S « S ^ i »^* ar «« 3 { *• i'S'SrfRg'S ? t ^« Mia to -d p « 8 « b ., 3 d to 3 } d ; ditto SBnw « i" ^ ° 3 d ! ® tto 88 n > t 0 " Uh . toU 2 fc . 3 | d Li&-, J ? !? > - id to 4 a ; ditto Hors * hides 7 s . ' calf-sluns each 2 s to 6 s Od : Jinseed per cvrt 28 « na * refined 42 s W to i-bi ^ roV "H" ** English W ^^ J ^^ B Paun , 301 . Jt > Io 6 m ' ; cocoa nutper ton 381 . to iW , ;
. City , Mondav , Dec 24 n last week were but afcj ^ W ' * wool into London Hope ^ n doneortwo Lle from from «« Cape ' of G °° * wverp ooi ,, Dec 22 q ? , Germany . ^^^ wfcSSft : 2 * is still a better in . 'cr ™ V 8 land is not much f ^^ a i Uvith 5 re » t caution . SS , - in Rood SaT " ^ , ? p ' Good chMioe ^^ h&SL * » whUe therQ petub to our markets , vTj ^ T ^ has given a SVesh imwe have a good bush os ? dff ° r nng our stocks are light , b al ° B j PWvum ^ thJ ^^^ MtoteOw wek , 5 M
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fe >^ ^« -Itetr - eJ ; M ^ ter - or theiwf \ ( ^ market ' , in the City the " nm -- PuMStad ^' ^ RoU 8 M 50 NNOB » tne Office , in th 6 sS by the said WuauuKiaER . , D w « aber 29 tu , 184 . 9 ^ Kwo twwl { wttkr ' toturft ?
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Uxjeeuxo Imposition . —About twelve months a » o a natire of the town of Wexford emigrated from Liverpool for America . He was extremely poor , and found much difficulty in raising sufficient tunds to pay his passage , his poverty compelling hiin to leave his wife and children behind him rot-tune , however , smiled on the poor emigrant on the other side of the Atlantic , and hewas inabled about a month since , to remit a sum of £ 9 to his wife and family , with a view that they should ioin him in America . This sum was insufficient to enable the entire family to emigrate ; consequently one of the children was left behind , and the mother and two other children came to Liverpool and secured a passage on board an emigrant ship Friendless and unprotected , the poor women ifia
ueu nerseir in tne Hands of a " man-catcher " who keeps a lod ging-house in Regent-street . After paying her passage money and purchasing the provisions necessary for the voyage , through the agency of the man-catcher , the poor woman had 10 s left Her agent wag aware of this , and on the eve of her departure from his house , he requested her to accompany him into the street , as her presence was required on business connected with the voyage The woman complied with the request , and imme - diately after leaving the house she was asked How much moneyTiave you ? " " Ten shillings " was the repl y In a moment after she was introduced to the shop of a tinman . She was desired to hand over the tea shillings , which she did . Tina for that amount wrre then ordered by the
mancatcher , although they were of no earthly use to the woman and promptly supplied by the shopman , she was tnen conducted on board the vessel in which she had engaged her passage , without a penny m her pocket . A little reflection convinced the poor woman that she had been victimised : the tins she had got for ten shillings turned out not to be worth half the money ; and on making her complaint to a police-officer , -who was unablo to interfere , but who expressed his sympath y for her misfortune she naivel y remarKed , "that amongst other articles the man-catcher had bought heF a lantern ; but had not left her a fartbin" to buy a candle to put in it . " A commission of twentv-five per cent , is allowed to this class of persons by a certain class of shopkeepers thn arfinln
on . * L ., „ — " •* . * " •""' pinjejiwa un mo arucios purchased in their shops by emigrants . Sweatin g Moxet .-A man and his wife have just been arrested at Belleville , chnrgedwith being engaged ra sweating fivefranc pieces . At his residence were found files , graving tools , and other things necessary for carrying on his process . lie confessed that he earned about thirty francs a week by filing down the rough edge of five franc pieces and restamping the letters . A money changer in the Rue St . Martin , to whom the filings were sold , has also been arrested . Tho purchases were regularly entered down in his books , but without the real address of the seller being enregistered . —Galignani BLA 5 DFORD Aomcdwubal Society . —The annual meeting of this society took place at the Crown
iiorej , ijianaiora , on Saturday lust . This meeting being the last of a scries of agricultural gatherings held during this period of the year , and being generally very numerously attended by members of Parliament , and several gentlemen of influence , as well as a pretty strong muster of the yeomanry of Dorset , the proceedings are altogether regarded as of great importance . The financial matters of the society having been settled early in the dav , some discussion took place on a motion of Mr . Burt , to rescind the following rule : — ' 'So politics shall be permitted to be discussed at any meeting of the Society , as it is formed for the purpose of rewarding and encouraging industrious and faithful labourers and servants , as well as for the improvement of agriculture , " on the ground tbat the ruinously low prices for agricultural produce , demanded a free expression of the opinion of those who were suffereri as to those political measures which had denressed
prices to such an alarming extent ; and also that the much , maligned county of Dorset might have an opportunity of speaking out , and replying to the attacks of the limes newspaper in particular . The motion having been carried by a large majoritv . the company proceeded to dinner . Sir John B'Oyley took the chair . Mr . G . Bankes , II . ? ., the Hon . Grantlcy Berkeley . M . P ., and Mr . H . K . Seymer , M . P ., were the chief speakers . Mr . Berkelev spoke of Mr . Cobden thus : — " Be had realised a magnificent fortune b y his free-trade agitation : but he was as much a slave to free trade as the galley-slave to his task—onl y his chains were composed of golden fetters . ( Laughter and cheers . ) He had received a munificent donation from his countrymen , and he could sot go back ; whatever he might privately think , he was publicly pledged to free-trade . He was , therefore , the mest inveterate foe to the agricultural interest . "
Seteii BETTEE—yEVErt TTobse . — " How are you , Trepid ? How do you feel to-day , Mr . Trepid ?""A great deal worse than I was , thank ' ee : most dead , 1 am obliged to you : 1 am always worse than I was and I don't think I was ever any better . I am going off some of these days , right after my grandfather , dying of nothin * in particular but of evcrvthing in general . That ' s what finishes our folks . " The oslt two officers now alive who commanded ships at the battle of Trafalgar , avc Sir E . Codrb gton and Sir Bladen Capel .
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8 THE NORTHERN STAR . December 29 , 1840 .
»≫ The Paiu Of Sta»? 0 E V^ 5 ' Maeelesfield-Street, ( T Ijltepat Tlle Prilltin8 ^ Bssffi^ -Ot ?. 5,Macclesfield-Street,
»> the PaiU of sTa »? 0 E V ^ ' Maeelesfield-street , ( t IJltepat tlle Prilltin 8 ^ BSSffi ^ -OT ? . 5 , Macclesfield-street ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 29, 1849, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1554/page/8/
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