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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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r ^^ d ^ dto& ^ tw ^ BtraidmgeTaybody ^ rtMtt drcd of tKs sw ^ e CKanAer , composea Syofnonnneei ; ifcMofi ^ B Bill , aff « A-^^ ankrnpt andlnsoiirentTilembCTs , which « i rejected last year , has been again re-TJri 0 & . - Hr . Disraeli has played one of the " jvotectionist cardsheholds in Tiis hand , and fj ^ en ri ^ to ' a Protectionist debate , on which fre shall have a few words to saynerfc week , rr ^ e measure for the better administration of ^ j e Woods and Forests also demands inore space and attention than -we can now giver it . Ihe other matters discussed have not been of a character calhng for special remark . ^
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RECEIPTS OF ab ; THE HATIONAL LAHQ GQMPAM . Fob thx Week Esdes Thursday , rEBRUABI 31 , l 850 i shares : £ s . a . £ s . a . Sottinghsm ., 0 5 0 Bury .. .. jnftO 8 ^ ital vbridge .. 0 13 8 . ——^ Edinburgh .. 1 3 S £ 2 3 0 TOTAL ' S . land Fund .. . ... ... .. . 2 3 0 Xxjense ditto ... ... ... 0 0 6 Transfers ... ... ... ... 0 2 0 Bouus' ditto ... ... ... 0 5 0 -. * .. £ 2 10 6 " W » Dccojr , C . Doras , T . Clark , Cor . Sec . P . M ' Grath . Fin . 8 ec . FOB COVTS Of MACNAMARA'S ACTIONPw j w t ( P . Stoeb . —J . Failds , Dunfennline , Is . 3 * l £ o 2 wtists . Traro , p * r E . Trcgenter , 6 s . 9 . ; Duaiev ' ^ £ 5 £ V ^ r J BaSek . Ms-: Tollcross Chartists , per W--"SSSTfiTw . " - Sottm-ham , per J . Sweet , 9 s . 3 d . ; War-Jfe £ 10 * . - Bswicfc per C . Hanter , It . ; Collected in SSs . ttrf . ett A ! e » naer , »« to . Factory Bolide , S ^ k per B . M'Lellan , 2 s . € < L deceived at Lisd ^ S ^ M ^ YiUsliere , 2 s . < ia . ; Kit-hard Blano , 63 . FOR THE AGITATION OF THE CHARTER .
Hecdred at Laxd Oefice . —San& Lond in Hall , Ss . - Kecdvea % y Jons Abssm . — James Walter ,- Drapers ' - - jdace , St . Paocras , 1- : DEBT DUE TO THE PRINTER . Recdrei by W . RiKa . —XewcasQe-apon-Tyac , per M . Jade , Ms . DEffT DUE TO KR- NIXON . Received ny w . Kides . —td ? 1 i Gleave , Ro&dale . 63 . ; ^ few Chartists , TrETOi per E . " 5 regenzer , 6 s . 9 d , ; ' 5 flrdTe Democrats , Ockbroofc , -5 s . ; AVarsvick , per C . Tristram , 5 s . ; Collected iu Messrs . Corbett Alexander , aafiOos . Factory . Barnside , Glasgow , per H . MStdlan , 2 s . 6 & . TO EXEMPT PRISONERS "FROM OAKUM PICKING . Kecdved bv W- Rideb . —Tart proc « ds-of -Democratic Saaquet at Hamilton , per £ » Waiker , 10 s . ; Collected in Jlessrs . Corbett , Alexander , and Cos . Fsetary .-Bttrnsiae , Gascon , per H . M'ielliuj , 2 s . 6 d . .
W * S ~ H-DOUALL . Eecdved by Vf , Rtobb . —WanridsfWC Tristranv , 23 . Collected in Messrs . Corlwtt , Alexander , and Cos . Factory JBamside , Cila ^ ow , per H . il'Lellan , 2 s . 6 d . FOR WIDOWS OF THE LATE MESSRS . WILLIAMS AND SHARP . . ; Received bj "Vf . Riber . —Collertxl in Messrs . Gorbett . Alexander , ^ sad Co ' s . factory , Bnrnade , Glasgew , : per H M'Lellanj ^ s . TO REPAY MB . O'CONNOR FOR ADVANCES WADE TO EXEMPT PRISONERS FROM OAKUM PICKING . Receives * j W . RroEB . —DewsbBry . perJ . Fox . Ms . tOR EXPENSES Of TRIAL—O ' CONNOS V . BRADSHAW . ' HeeeireS ' by W . Rider . —Satdngfcam , jes . J . Sweet , 7 s-Leicester , a feir Glove Hands , 6 s . ; Eccles , Land Members , per W . Gregory . 7 s . Gd . —
FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES OF VICTIMS . Beceired by Tv " , Rider . — -Greenwich Chartists , : 2 s .: Hnimlton . part proceeds « t Democratic Bznqnet ,: per A . ^ Talker , 10 s . ; 3 « ewcasUe- - upea-Tyne , per SL Jade , if . 5 s . ; llawick , per C Hunter , 4 s ., NATIONAL VICTIM FUND . Secured by Josx Aesott , Secretary . —VbSfip Elliott , 1 s . ? ]( % l ) v Arms . Locality , per Mr . Stolces , 5 s . 2 d .: Mrs . Xenlev .: is . ; Mrs . Brown , ls . ^ 3 Irs . StnjMon , Is . ; Jfiss SimmondS , Is . ; Kichard Bland . 6 d . ; 3 or . BiJtf , as per Star , 21 . la .
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5 EE ALLOTTEES OF TJIE O'CSOXSOR ^ iE ^ E ESTATE , TO T . O' ( X ) 52 fOS , ES $ ., M . P . ^ He ^ ected'Sir , —We have long observed ,-with regret , the numerous slanderous attacks made upsn war diaracter and motives jn -connexion tcHhrfic 3 atreisal land Company q these attacks conunf : from "known aad open iees we coald well " upderstand , and-we felt neitber grief aior alarm at .-their TiDEatigated-hestiHty ^ imtrrhen ws find this jhostility-evinced by those , Is promote whose happiaes ? an 3 < omTortyou hare 3 e *< eted ^ he whol e enorgJes of v © urI 2 e , Tre cannot resfirain-oor feeling of gpef andindi £ natio 3 at suehiBerafitade , and are abacus to stew" our reprobation . "" of the conduct of -oar T > roifieraHorteesonthewu-ions -cS&er estates—bat more « epeeiaiiy those at Minster Lovel , who , l > r their insidious petition to the House of Commons ,-Lave endeavoured once more -to array " againefcjyoo :
yonr poKtiealoppnnenisinthatiiSsembly , aad affect by trwehery and fraud the dMonest purposes they have so cnbkshingly avowed . TTe are the eldest ' location of 4 he National Land Corepany , and took possession « f oar allotments at -a time when prorisions irepe ^ emarkably high- ibis , combined with our ewn want of experience , anfi the successive failnre of tbepotatoecrop for tbetbree past seasons , ias caused sas tn have had many difficulties to enconnter from < s ? hich more favourable seasons would lave saved as ; and we should then have been better alle to demonstrate to the -world ^ that happiness and prosperity are the natural and inseparable results of { heglaE-of small farms which you have so lou < r and so ably advocated . Bet , -sir , we must be blind , indeed , and obstinately sbat our eves
; npon facts , if-we m-. any way attributed our want of . complete success £ 0 any eiror or want -of kindness on your part ; on -the contrary , we acknowledge , ^ sdth gratitude , thai-we have had every advantage .-afforded to us wbiek 4 ihe Rules of the Cemjmny ever -promised , and -har-e Jikeirise received additional . pmi \ oj ? esMiuaBsisfca £ © B hr beyond what we ever antieipated . We hareiiikewise to thank you for the leniency shown tow . irdcusin our payment of rent ; and cith all sincerity , ^ we assure you , tha £ s 7 e shall hare both pride and pleasure in paying the arrears nowdBfi , as soon as our-etcumBtanees will f ^ rmit . &aetiqg that you will Ret allow the ingratitede of the few to interfere with y » ar efforts for the fcenefit of the aiany , and that 50 a may soon see the aUei-fees-on the various estates return to a sense of their dnfcv , and express their recret that the
fioarness of-temper , caused by ihe mishaps of bad seasons , tsnd the wily machinations of the enemies of lafeonr . ^ kould ever have eassed them to revile Oie -who bus endeavoured to he their benefactor , "With ereiy-seatiinent of sratiteda and respect , we remain joucs , &c ., Thoma * ^ Msstva Wheeler , Jfc&n Lambourne , Williaa Hotse , William Hoare , Charles Tawes , Barbarz 'Yxaghm , Robert Smith , Samuel Xewsome , ^ chael " Pitzsimmoas , Richard Avison , George William Wheeler , Joseph "Wheeler , Jasaes Cole , James B . Setts , Joseph White , William Dimmocfc , Marga Griffiths , Thomas Beads , ^ iomas Sfe rricfe , Philip Ford , Johu H . Bradford , Thomas Eateg , John Sturgeon , W . Gamhill , William IAd&le . George JPoeoek , Joseph Baily , Stephen BIackfes ?< ough .
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J 3 RI 2 ISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH , 5 ew Road , Loxios . People © f England : if you desire to satisfy yourselves of taenrfernalworJnnB of the poisons introduced by doctors as medicine , in order to keep up ifceir ' Gcisea Trade . ' read GHuusEasrs Jopknai . of the 20 th Oetooer , page 242 . Oh , « 3 i , tha 'Gnicaairadel' . -We see by the newspapers that the maa who received the « oW for Smith O'Brien ' s apprehension has just died in a xnostmjsienora manner . Prav have anj drops of grains ^ morphia or strrdjnine been quietly given him ? 01 ) . oh . WSsmneafrade * . ' ¦ Hjgeists again declare that there is safety &r no one . wxattj is altogether ieopardised througb . thess props of tradelet
wegamea . tfae people arise !!! t ^ ^ f > the cas- of 3 fiss Abercrombie , reported by Mr . JnstoeTahoara , inhlsfinalmemoriaIs oi Charles Lamb , " ^ 2 . ° zJ ! : Z' - " ^ also 1 «« etlv " sent out of the world lma etryennine , in order to defraud the life insurance offices of farc sums of money . Oh , oh , the guinea trade . «^ JL ^ F ' , fiUo , ^^ tnrmea . that wi § i all these paison » of doctors there is so mneh disease , and that onr lunatic agyluias re crammed ; The verylflood of the people is poieoned . by the poisons of doctors just as it is bv alcohol ; bnt tlietftlie gumea trade benefits , and the world goes round and round . ¦ ' - . The British College of Health and the Society of Hygelst * again remind all parties , however high tbeir positiou may to , that they are responsible to Cod , for supporting either dir « £ tl y or indirectly euch an odious Rvstere as that of poisoa * being- held oat as medicines , in order to put guineas into die pockets of a particular class—the doctors .
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: -. . ^ riKiKlrUTIBRg . --,- -. ,. . TO THE WORKING CLASSES - ' ¦ - ^ ^' - ' - ' i ' j ^ LXXVL " -- '" : , .. - ; . ¦ - 'V ; ' - « l WdcdiiW « Hvaadai « uullr ^» ffak ' ] - . -.- - ^ FtJB ^ WM « 8 w—upoa a thought produces ..- > ., . ' ¦ ¦¦ ¦ *^* . 75 * : m ?** tbousaada , pwhaps milUoni ..::... .. "" fr" . ¦ -.. . ..:. . . ' : ' ,- ¦ ' ^ » n »* . " . '' . " THE TAXES ON KNOWLEDGE . % ; TRIALJ 03 D ACQUITTAL OF CARL - SCHAPPER . ; : : ; - . Bboxher Pkoeetakians , -
Mr . Milner Gibson ' s motion in favour of the repeal of the Taxe 3 on Knowledge , is fixed for this night week , February 28 th ; there is , therefore , yet time for you to act on the advice given by Mr . O'Connor , in last week ' s Star , to get up petitions in support of that motion . It is not / without due consideration that I call on you to act on Mr . O'Connor a suggestion . So heartily sick am I of petit ioning tho House of Commons , thathardlj to lace
on any other question -would I deign p my name to a sheet of paper , addressed to that assembly . In this case , however , I have already signed a petition in support of the p rinci p le set forth in Mr . Milner Gibson s notice of motion . T have done so with the full conviction that petitioning and motionmaking will not have the desired result . I look upon the sheet I have signed as mere waste paper , so far as that sheet is calculated to affect , the votes of the " collective
wisdom . " I / look to other measures—measures of a very different Mnd to petitioniagto ctttry the repeal of t ^ e taxes on knowledge . Nevotheless , with ail my heart and seal , I appeal to you to petition Parliament bi sup : port of in Mr . Milxer Gibson ' s motioB , I do so , because at the outset of what I # ast will be a glorious and ^ &ective struggle 4 o batter down the bulwarks of ignorance , petitioning is necessary , absokfely indispensable . Before any second step caE be taken , it mesf be demonstrated to -Parliament and < tsfae country , that the people >» caUy : wish for * he repeal of these infamous taxes . Tell 4 he House of
Commons that you-deara to have an un * - taxed , a cheap , and aa ^ n 'ftltered press .-Tell the worthy legislators , that you are deter-j nined to have cheap and « nresteicted political ; knowledge . Tell them so ^ respectfully , but ! unmistakeal % , in hundreds df petitions , ' containing -thocsands and tens > g £ thousands * of signatures . Let your wants and wishes 'be ' nade knowE ; leave to your rnlers the responsibSi ^ r df tcrning a feaf eartt © your complaints ind demaceds—^ the course tfehey have nearly always taken when . yen have'petUicned'them ; md which if they do not take in relation ^ : his question , wilLiROst agEesably surprise iall who know them . ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ : ¦ .: ¦ ¦ - ¦ '
Consider the importance < bf this qnetoon . Rtmemberthatignorancedf ^ heu ' politkjal ^ nd social in . j hts yet iholds immense nunibass of f- our 'order in nvilling or .-apathetic thrall . Vnd consider that thai lignorance is . caused lrineipaHy by the Taxes on Knowledge . Chose ; ignorant masses constitute the worst irag on the progress-of yon who areeniight--• nedi ¦ ^ Next to the ignoraEce and apafliy ef lumbers of the working « order , the ' most foraidable obstacle to your emancipation is
. hat presented 'h y-the 0 nacrupuloua . and dia- ; wlical 'hostility -of the ^ P . ress . The ; Parlia- ment , -fte priesthood , judges , jurors , aaagis--trates , soldiers , j ) olice , jail combined aro ! - , p > werful for evil -than the Bresfi-gang . ; Che existing Press is x moEopolist-pre 93 , and , ts monopoly ; is unaintaineu-by the . Taxes on , Knowledge . The repeal ofrthose taxesisthe onl y \ tay through which the press can be : purified , and mads ihe promoter , instead of the opponent , of Progress .
TheiEaxes on Enowledg&consist of— . 1 . The duty < on Foreign Books . 2 . The duty on Paper , 3 . 31 he Advertisement doty . 4 . 3 ilie Penny . Stamp on . Newspapers . ThefiKtof these-taxes doesaiot affect a very considerable numbei- of your ppder . ¥ et there are always .-some-even of your-class , * 5 fao , incited by a ; thirst forJcnowiedge , or liya laudable ambition , acquire one or moceioseign languages , and who having achieved that aequirement naturally desire to enjoy fee rich mental repa « t to be found in ; the literatiire . of iF-rance , Germany , J&c . Agsan , there are ihoueauds of voung mea not-absolutely of your-order , but
in reality asfjoor . as yourselves , whose -aducaf . on necessarily includee a knowledge . of . oue or more languagas besides their mother-ioxgue , and who , if they . desire ; to turn that knowledge to . acconnt , find . the : tax on foreign books , adding as it does ± o the . coEt of those ^ articles of , « aport , * ' a serious . obstruction to their mental progress . Some ^ B 8 , 000 yearly ,, is the . aaouat produced : by rfiis tax which nii ^ t at ^ quce be dispensed -with , if the Govenuneat wauldifaiit coinmen&a £ Le good work of retrenchment , -ty cutting down ouly a few of the earns lavished on the public locusts . The duty-on foreign -books dishonours ibis country in tlie eyes . of jfereign nations , and should be at once expauaed from the tariff .
All kinds of paper pay a-daiy of three-halfpence pai |? ound . The Him total of revenue from this -seorce is about i £ 7 » 0 , 000 ; at least half of which is paid on paper used for p rinting purpose * . On the daily journals , this paper duty is about one farthing gxsr copy . It bears most ruinously on the peony and other cheap publications ; so much so , indeed , that tin -Messrs . Chambers were forced to discontinue their Halfpenny Tract * , notwithstanding they had attained a weekly circulation or 8 O , OO 0 eopies ; and that discontinuance was caused solely 2 > y the operation « f the tax on paper . Considering the support given in
the publications of the Messrs . Chambers to the cold-blooded doctrines of the political eeeijomists , the supremacy of the masterclass , and tho perpetuation of " wagess ' av- ^ y "—the public suffered no great loss by the discontinuance of ihe Tracts . But had the said Tracts been iu ail respects as good as in some respects they were pernicious , ihe result of the paper tax wssxld still have been the same . That . tax has helped to ruin many valuable publications . , and lias been a bar to the production of many mom which , otherwise , might have existed , Nourished , and spread abroad the blessings of really useful knowledge . "' ' . "
The Adverti « ement Duty—iu England Is . Gd ., and in Ireland . Is . on each adverflsuient—is a most unfair and injurious tax . Jt is unfair , because no distinction is made between the advertisement of five lines , and that of one ' or more columns . The domestic servant , advertising for employmentand expending his or her lest few shillings on the desperate chance of advertising in the Times , is charged by the Government precisely ttt same as the aristocrat , the merchant , the money-lender , the slop-seller , the quack , &c , who may have estates for sale—the precious
produce of far distant lands to dispose ofsuperfluous cash to lend " on good security "the work of plundered needlewomen to sell at prices " wonderfnlly ; iow " --or cure-everything pills to distribute at the usual philanthropic charge of " Tbirteeupence-half penny per box —Government stamp included . " The person advertising for employment is taxed by the Government , at the rate of at least thirty per cent . "While the monied advertiser , occupying column of
a or more a journal , pays not one par cent . The injurious effects of this tax are at present felt mainly by small traders ; but I have already said sufficient to show its inju rious effects as regards those of your order , . who have recourse to advertising ; it should be added that thousands of your class who never think of advertising under present circumstances , would do so in the event of a repeal of the duty . In America , where there is so tax on advertisements , all classes are
in the habit of advertising . - An . advertisement of six lines in a New York paper ,, circulating from 20 , 000 to 50 . 000 copieB , will , cost
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the advertiser from one to two Bhillingff , 'E nglish money . - Hundreds of small traders keep their ^ ^ announcements ; unceasingly ; before the public , » tthe ' rate ^ of ^ . alittle above ,. Bbcpenc ' eia ' day .- The number : > " of newspaper advertisements in the United Kingdom , Tih ^ the year 1848 , wassomething above two millions ; tlie number in the United Statesj in the year 1847 , amounted to upwards of eleven millions , ; . In
trade and commerce ,-England is unrivalled ; andthe . population : of- thesei islands still exceeds that of the United gftates by some eight millions , ' yet the number of ¦ newsp ' aper advertisements in ; , the American . States , may be fairly estimated to amount to six times the number published in this country !• A striking contrast , which the" admirers of our glorious institutions amongst the advertising ' classes , would do well to ponder on . ¦ . ' ... ' -
The last , and most infamous of the . Taxes oh Knowled ge is the Penny Stamp on Newspapers . This tax produces upwards of three hundred and sixty thousand pounds , / The Newspaper Stamp Abolition Committee , deduct from this amount two hundred and ten thousand pounds , for Post-office and other expenses . It is pretended that Government gives an equivalent for this , tax , in transmitting the papersi through the , Post-office free of postage . It-would be fair to charge a reasonable postage on papers as on letteF&V'frrt why
should a paper published and retailed hi London be charged a penny above its value , oh the ground < # postage ? Abol ^ i the stamp , and , if needle , the paper seHing in London for one pesny , twopence , or threepence , might be posted ' to Manchester at the cost of one penny ©^ tra to the purchaser living : in : ; -tibat town , So also a Manchesber . paper might civculate- { £ t a price correspffisdiug to its actoal worth in that towa , - but . be -subjected to a -fCiasonable rate -of ^ postage if seat to the Metropolis . . , . * _ ' . ' ¦
With the stamp repealed , not a'town , in . England of , any im . poi'tance , but wh ^ fc wpuld l have one or more newspapers devoted , to thej interest of the Working -classes . If aa addition j to She abolition of tfee stamp , the ta-ies . on ; pB ^ er and ad'pei ^ iseibents were ' alao repealed , the IYjbm . would be forced . by competition to ! lewer its prica , to at'leastthreepence . Twopenny papers wouid 'be < mere numerous than three- penny papers , and not improbably penny papers woald be / mere ' numerq . Hs than -eitlhcr . ' Then instead of 4 he working raaa paying two- '
pence , for a ; pimVdf beei ' , or three-halfpeqce for a half-pint of -ceffee , to : get a momentary g lance s « t a morning or evening newspaper , he ; wool& Hje / aole as he retosoad home from his work , to purchase his .. daily ' pennyworth of political information j with which , by ¦ hi sj own fire-side , he ¦ could . enlighten himself and his family concerning the . doings of the * G « vernmeflt of his'own country—1 ihe politicial and social struggles of , his owe « lass—the movements of Foreign Powers , and -events transpiringin all : partsofthew © i ^ i . _ . ¦ .
Can any man be blind te the resu'Hs which would necessarily flow frens so . iiirooittant , so veritable areform ? If " knewiedge is power ;" if "for a nation to love Liberty , it is suffi : cient -that -she ,, knows it 4 " if . , "for an enlightened hpeople to be free , 'tk -sufficient that they will it * '' wewld not R cheap , imtaxed , * -and ^ unfettered -Press diffuse political . : iBformationr—make known the beauty and glory of Kbeiiyi and inspire the millions with the resolute will io be free ?
With a Free Press , the Glmrter svou ^ d easy of obtainmeat ^ and , bettei' still , the enactment < of thesb -Ghart ' er wesld find-ibe people educated in a knowledge « f then nights— -social as well as political 5 therefore fitted to make a gloriou 8 use of Universal Stiffi'age ; and thereby armed' against the -designs of ptfblic advonturers and political iofariguers , of wiKem there ure always too many on the look out -for opportunities to turn public ignorance to tbeir awn account , and to traffic ia popular M'fidulity'for iheii own advantage .
"Theiistory of these Taxes on KnowJedge , and the -. Russian-like law * by which the Peany -Stan ^ p is maintained , I purpose to comment on in a- future letter , when I will also speak further on the injurious effects of those taxes , and ihe benefits that will result from their repeal . In the meantime I reiterate my appeal , that you will petition in support ol Mr . Miner . Gibson ' s motion . The Newspaper . Stamp Abolition Committee have the following form of a petition : — - T . 0 THE HeXOBABtE 1 TIE HOUSE OP COMMOJJS , THK PETITION OF THE USDERSICNED . - : ( Here inseit ilieir De ' scriptian and Locality . )
Showeih , —That all Taxes ' -which specially and directly jmjsd * the iJifiuskin of Knowledge , arc injurious to the b « st interests of tke Pulilic . That the Tax upon Newspapers—called ths Stamp ; the Excise duty upon Taper , and the Tax up » n Advtrtisements are direct obstaeicg t » the spread of all binds of raluablo informatiom amongst tlie great bodj of tlie Paopl * . . Your l'fttitiMierB therefor * pray , that the Excise lax npon Paper , the Tax upon Advertisements , and the Stamp Tax upon Newspapers , may be abolished , leaTw ^ the proptr authorities t « fix a email charge for the transmission of Newspapers by the JLVKt . ¦ ¦ ¦ -. ¦¦ ¦ AXD YOtJIt 1 ' ETmOSEBS WILL EVBB PbAT .
This form of petition must be . copied in writing , aa no printed petitions are received ; every person sigiiing . it should state his or her name and address ; it may then be 'directed , open at the sides , to any Member of the House of Commons , who will receive it post free . . . ¦ . " . \ . . ' . / ' ¦ Brother Proletarians , you are all acquainted with ihe name of Carl Schapper—to hundreds in ikle Metropolis he . is personall y known . After having passed many years in exile , ihe events ' of March , 1848 , enabled him to return ; to his < eo » ntry , whither he conveyed his wife and children . Taking , up his residence , in Cologne , he became . connected with the
New Rliesdsh Gazette , edited by my talented , energetic , and valued friends , Dr . Marx , Frederick Ehgds , George Werth { who defended the English Chartists at the BrusselIs : Frce Trade Conference ) , the celebrated poet Preiligrath , &e . The " first triumphs of the reaction in Prussia led to our friend Schapper's arrest . ; After remaining a considerable time in confinement , be was brought to trial and acquitted . In , June , . 1849 , he was one of a number of . Delegates who attended' a Democratic Congress ' at Idstein , in -Nassau , at jyjijch Confereuce itappearscertainresolutions sawmring of ; ' ^ p tyBigat ^ foree" were adopted by the Delegatis-jitt ^ ppgi't of : the , German Constitution , -a The JfaftBau Government had
an agent at the Conference in the character of a reporter or spy- ^[ the two charafcters are often eombined- in , One individuai in ^ this country]—and ; , oh his . denunciatipnj Carl Schapper and ten otnere-were arrested . - . After . seven or eight month ' s detention , our friend and his compatriots have just undergone 0 trial for Hi g h" Treason ; ; Two . Quarterly Sessions passed . 1 without bringing the accused to trial . At length - they ... were arraigned , the Government hoping to havei the assistance of a jury of oiu ) EB-mongers ; On the President asking his place of residence ,. . . . Carl
Schapper replied ^ " the resideace assigned me by-y out Government is the . prison of- crimiuals . " , The prisoners and their counsel beEed / their defence upon the principle , that whenever a constitution is violated by > Government , it is the right and duty of every citizen to opposethat Government , even by an appeal to arms . ' After a trial of eight days , the jury unan imously acquitted the whole of ! the accused , who were forthwith set at liberty . The trial took place at WieBbaden , and the . enthusiastic people carried the acquitted
Democrats to the large hotel of Nassau , where a Fraternal banquet was held . In the evening there took place :: a splendid ' . tQrch-light procession , and a grand serenade , in . honour of . the liberated friends of the people . -A- joyous agitation pervaded the whole city . until late-at night , and , indeed it is < impoggible to do jus « tice to the patriotic fervour and enthusiasm of the people . One circumstance is to be deplored—a cir-. cumstance that must infuse bitterness into the , cup of Carl Scbapper ' s triumph . While in
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priBon , hiij 'Tfife ' died ' ? in i childibedr leaving ^ 5 PK : S Wi »> faiiV ;» nd . three other .-young cbJldre ^—deprived ' oXifche 1 care $ ^ botftrparents , theione remoYed : byitue , naturaihandof death —the othe «* by the unnatural hand of brigand * yran ;' Ha PPUyi the lattermaynow rejoin hls 5 *?^? . , ; Mrs /' Schapper ^ as an Englishwoman , and her remairis were follqv ' ecl to the grave by the Proletarians of . Cologne , who also made arrangements fpr-the protection of the children of theirfriend : v i >~ - s
Honour to tl > e people ' of fjolbghe ! honour to the , people ; , of ^ Wiesbaden . ! honour to ^ Carl Schapper ! and to all who , like him , struggle and suffer for the good cauEe--Democratic and Social !/ --..... -t— .- ¦¦ : „ , i : L'AMI DU / PEUPLE . Feb . 21 , 185 a ; = ; '¦ -
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iPHE LAND COMPANY ' AND THE «< NOTTING-. HAM J OURNAL . ?; !/ COURT OF EXCHEQUER-TnuRflDAT , FfiB . 14 . ( From our Second Edition of last wehj O ' COKNOR V . fcRADBHAW . It was admitted that the plaintiff-is tfeo' solepropnetor of the Northern Star newspaper , and the extracts referred to in thespecch of ttw > defendant ' s counsel , Trere first put in and reaiV The printed ruies of the NatiwsalLand ConipaTiy wero also read . The reading of these doouments wwupied the court for neatly two noursi ¦ "• The AsmTANT-lteflmRAn of ^ o 5 nt Stock Companies was then ¦ sworn , and produced the Various documents registered at that office . '' Tho Company war metar completely registeroa , but yas provisionally Tegistered in -October
, 1818 , and Iflio pro visional registration was renewed and corifiwued , until the registrar refused to renew it on the -ground that tho tsbmpany was illegal ;—Cross-e'Samined : There mas < a .--mandamus applied for in T tfte Queen VBewfc against the Registrar 6 f Joint ^ Stock Companies for refusing to registrar the Land Company , and tha * proceeding is now depend * ing .. There is no deed-of . settlementregistered . A deefi of settlement , « gaea by 10 , 000 orl 2 , 000 persoicfi , would cause a iarge outlay lot * stamps . No deed of settlement mas ever lodged ; thai I know of . Iiievor saw one . J "must have known of t it if there had been one . - Mi * . Serjeant ; Wilkhus said , the draught had been taken , but it had been sent back for engrossment . • . ¦ ¦ ¦ ^ ¦> : ;¦ ' ¦ : •¦ ' ¦ ' : . .
John- "Hudson-. —I lived in Leicester . , I was a frame-work koitbw ; My wages were from 12 s . to 14 s . a-w ' eek , il : had a wife and two children . , My wife used to mmi 5 s ., 6 a ., or 73 ,, ^ -we ek ; One of my children Tf « s ' employed at . 2 s , 6 d , a-week . That would make about 20 s . a-week ; that wo earned . I left Leicester'because T thought i'h&i been a lucky member ef the 9 Land _ Company , in . being , drawn in the Land 'Ooinpany a 8 analloM : « o .. ; Lpaidi £ 2 JSs . I was a "two acre man /' , i \ went to Snig ? s-end , Gloucestershire ,. I know- Ifai O'Connor , ; whom I saw before & left Leicester . J said "; I called to . ask if I shouldigo to Snig ' s-end , which was aboat to belocsted . "" He said .. «« Y « s , ^; and Iwent .- Ihw > - ceived ^ 5 . -to carry us to Snur ' s-end . I was much
delighitedat the first sight-of ithat . place . but I soon found-out * hat I had been dooeived . . O'Connor fead promised . tthat the land would vbe cultivated properly ., andihatwe should ( find it . quite « i paradise . I woifeed tho land a « long as I had moBey , but before Christmas I was obliged to go . ;' .. to another place to > work to « ai'n support . 0 ' * C < Mn-or decaJTed . iEie . -He did . not , put- ¦ anything in the land : as' he had w promised but potatoes . My boy -anfl I worked --frora . light ; to dark , sometimes . I received , a , second £ 5 ^ after Ireached Snig ' siEnd . , IneveM'eqoiwd . any more , . 1 «¦»« to k&ve had another £ & , and a , further £ 5 per acre after liliad been there eix months .: That was the promfco of O'Connor , in his letters . I have never
been aUIe to live upon the produce of the land . I never a ' eceived any lease or . conveyance of this land . I met the plaintiff in Gfiocestcr in 1848 . I was one of the three who were deputed to obtniii the payment of the additional £ 5 and , ike £ 10 for barley and others .,. •©'•¦ Connor said , they must have ' seen by the StitrMh&t they'were short ' . £ 30 this week ,. and he had not received any money from Manchester for nine weeks , " and so he could not give Us any money .. We told him that many of them had solditfreir allotments , as they could not live , and ho said tiat they were wwrng , and he would have made souf of his ' shoe sole before ho . would have done so . I have' paid ' no rent , nor were any of us to ^ ay what is called rent but O'Connor told us we .--weve to pay 4 per « ent . on the outliiy as a rentcharge . He charged me j £ 810 s . " a year for my 2 acres .
Cross-examined ; Half an acre was planted . ! think there was many a yard of land where there was no potato put in : There was nothing else but potatoes pliuitod on ray land for hie ; I planted Swede turnips , 'tliese costSdi or 9 d .: and half a bag of potatoes ,, which cost roe 3 s . ' Gd . There is half an acre still unoccupied . 1 received the second £ 5 about r a monih af ter I got there . I , had ho barley given to me , but some of US half an acre , some more , and some less . I have never paid any rent at Snig's End , for I had enough to do to pay the rates—3 s . Cd . a quarter poor rate . There are 400 balloted who-ought to have had their allotments , but who have not . There were about 3 , 100 of iis in Leieestor . —By' The Chief Baros : There were 82 or S 3 cottages at Snig ' s End , but they were not all occupied . Some of the people had gone away as they could not live . , ;
Jonw Db ^ hirst . —I lived in Leicester formerly , where I kept a school . I called on tho p laintiff in 1847 in consequence of his having stated m the Star that persons could have land at 4 per cent , on the outlay . I took him £ 390 and he gave me credit for £ 400 . That was to buy eight acres of land at Snig's End . I have paid him other sums , but those sums ho appropriated to himself . The plaintiff wrote me sv letter , dated the 3 ist of July . 1848 , in answer to some I had written to him , This 19 an answer to my letter of the 25 th of the same month , requesting that my £ 300 should be returned to me , with £ 100 for my bargain , arid compensation for my crops , as my legal adviser told me my tenure was too insecure . The answer to my letter stated that
ho should not mado any allowance . ind margin to the quibbles of a Jay wer . I had four acres , with a farm house , and I anr still in possession of that quantity , as well as of two iacres more land . I paid £ 890 for the eight acres , " four for myself and four for a friend , who had not the meana to pay for himself . I have had neither lease nor conveyance , but I have a paper from the plaintiff . I have been living on that land . I have since seen the plantiff . I did not know . that ; 'there was any mortgage on this property until'after I took possession . 1 have had conversation with the plantiff , who told mo that I should have the conveyance , but I have not yet had iD .-Cros 8-e . \ amined : In theiirstinstance I agreed to take eight acres . I was not to pav £ 100 an acre ,
but £ 45 . When I spoke of the morfgagee the plaintiff offered to go with me to him , hilt I did not go . The plaintiff offered to guarantee me against the mortgagee ,- The plaintiff has offered to return me the ; money , with interest ,, if I would give up' the farm , but there wan more due to me than lie offered mo , and my legal . adviser . ; said the plaintiff would pay me £ 500 ,: but I claim more than £ 016 from him . —Re-examined : I purchased two of tho " four acre" certificates : from two of the others , and'the plaintiff . had guaranteed tbat they were worth £ 100 each . Isold ono of them and received £ 10 deposit , and when I saw what had appeared , in the Star I placed them in the hands of the plaintiff . ... . Alexander Cleland . —I was a hand-loom weaver
in Scotland . Sometimes my . wages , have been £ 1 Is . aweek . and sometimes 10 s . and 12 s . I had two sons who at times : icould ; eam as : much as myself . There , have been only four : balloted for in Glasgow . There were several hundred members of the company in Glasgow . Sometimes as much as £ 45 a week > was sent to the Company—to the Star ' . I have not paid any rent , nor was it understood that , we w . ere to payrent , but > only a . rentcharge of four per cent , per annum on ¦ the outlav . I have received ; altogether £ 18 . There are rules which say ; the , directors may keep back money for cultivation , ' and from me they kept back , £ 7 lOs . When I saw it in June it could not be planted . ¦ I have .. dug : l « 07 ; square yards in , a day . Some lands will : allow of $ 00 oi-. 400 square yards
being dug . in the . same time . J had three , acres , and they were . all p loughed , with- only half an acre of potatoes , when I went . There had not beenany , manure in it ,. and ; therefore for the ono ploughing and the half acre of potatoes they charged me £ 7 10 s . TJie disease seized tho potatoos , so that theynever came to maturity . I planted three parts with potatoes , Swedes and turni p * . . Last year my . wife dug , aiid planted a quarter of an acre writh wheat ,-and this year . in con sequence we have been ablo . to haye in an acre of wheat . ;; I have been compelled to go and . work to ; . obtain the means of my family ' s living . I go . t work through the influence of three of the directors on one of tho Company ' s , estates .-.. I am living at Snig's End ; now . We have had a rery hard time of . it . I have not applied for theconvevance . directly . \ We have had
bread sometimes , and . at others we have not been able to get any . I haye toiled with my son the whole day . —Cross-examined ; 1 let . an acre of my land last . year for £ 3 , and , asfar as Icould , Icultivated the other two acres . I sowed some in beans , peas ,. Swedes , and ns I was SO late in coming in I could not do more , with it .: I always at Glasgowlived better than at . Snig ' s End . / , W . . Colson . —I was a slater at Derby . I earned as journeyman 24 s . a week . I am forty years old-After that I used to earn between £ 2 and £ 3 a week about three parts of the year . Mr . Sergeant Wiikiks submitted that . what these man had earned did not arise upon the pleadings . Mr . Keating contended that they did ; for what they alleged was that , in consequence of the falie representRtionB of Mr . O'Connor these men hai
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been induced to leave . tlieip employment for ; tke purpose of going to those-estates , where they had found , they had been deceived by those representations . J-V \ I ' . ; ,:. ¦ ;! . '¦; . ¦ ' .. JS - ' V / . V ... ; , . : l . "¦ ¦ -. ¦ ' . . The- . Cftrci ! . Baron ; thought these questions did not arise upon the issue . The question of affluence or ; penury in . respect of these persons could not ariseph the ; proceedings . ' ., ;¦ ., , ¦ , ¦ , -. ¦ ¦ , ; : ¦ :. . . / \ The examination of this . witness was then resumed ., nit was . in its main features similar , to that of the preceding witnesses . , - ¦¦ . At the end of this . evidence : the' Lord Chief Baron adjourned the case till eleven o ' clock on Friday morning . ¦ »• ¦ . - ¦ : ^> . ^ > , The Court was densely .. crowded throughout the day . •¦¦ : ¦ ' ¦¦'¦¦ . ¦;• ; : v . ( ?¦ ¦'¦;;¦¦ . . ¦ ' ¦ -. ¦¦ ¦• . - " 'i ¦¦ " ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ( From out Third Editimiof Last Week . ) ¦¦
. ; : .. - FttlDAL This case was resumed at tho sitting of the Couy this morning . Three persons , named respectively Bi-own / Best , arid Ross , who were shareholders in the National tnnd Company , deposed that they had heard the plaintiff say , in his speechesaddressed to public meetings at Nottingham , that all the paidup membera could be located in three years , if he was returned to Parliament , but if he vras not returned it would take six years . On crossidxaminationi Brown said : I sold my allotment , and got £ 25 for it , and the purchaser , so far as I know , is jiving upon it now . I afterwards wanted the land back again , and ¦ offered to give £ 5 more than I had receiVed . ' -.. '¦¦ ' - ¦ - ¦ . - ¦ • • ' ¦ ¦ . -. ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦ -
'• It was admitted on behalf of the plaintiff that the several estates purchased oh behalf of the National Land Company had been conveyed to Mr . O Connor . Mr . Joh ' n Reeve , who had been secretary to the Poor-Law Commissioners , thought-the allottees must of necessity spend their capital ; and those who'had not other resources would- come' on the ' poor-rates . . He -did not think the- late' "VYilUan * Cobbettagood authority on agricultural subjects . > Mr . Ansbm ,, the actuary of the Atlas Insurance : Company , said , that upon the-principle stated inthe ruleB , supposing the Company to start with £ 273 , 000 , -it would take 150 year ' s to' locate 70 , 000 , members , and the amount of money necessary would be £ 21 , 000 , 000 . .: ¦ . . - . . . ¦ . --J ; !
Upon the conclusion of the evidenceof this witness , who was not cross-examined , tlio defendant ' s case was closed , . ; .. ('¦* ' . .. . ; The plaintiff * s counsel then proceeded to callevi 4 dence iu reply . ' - ¦ ¦ ¦ \ i . Mr . Philip M'Grath : stated that ho was a director , and also financial secretary of the Land Company . -lie proyedthe keeping of the aeeounts of the Company , ' and that a Land and Labeur Bank was established by ' a resolution of a conference held at Birmingham , in December 1846 . ¦ . ' ) Mr ; M'Gowan proved receiving the weekly payments from the last witness , and that he paid them into the Joint Stock Bank , the Gloucestershire i Bank , or a Bank at . Witney , < as Mr . O'Connor determined . Some monies were paid to . Mr . Allsop , a broker , to be an vested , in'Exchequer bills ; Mr . . 0 * . Connor ; had a private account distinct from the Land Company account , arising out of the receipts ivomthe Northern Star . ¦ ; , :. : ; , ' ,
Mr . Thomas Price , the manager of the Land and Labour Bank , stated that he was appointed to . thut situation in 1847 , and that the books of the bank were . kept . 'distinct / from those of the Land Company , although the offices were under the same roof and communicated . A large portion of the deposits of the Land and Labour Bank were invested in Exchequer bills . The expenses of the B . iuk were paid out of the Bank . funds , and the remainder invested . — Cross-examined : The name of the National Land and Labour Bank continued as before the change . The deposits received in the . six months ending December , 1847 , amounted to £ 2 ; 672 . The deposits for . the next half-year were £ 1 , 400 , and the last ¦
year of-1848 not so much .. .. - .-. - ; ..:-. Mr . CjaNNRRY , clerk to Mr . Roberts , the solicitor of the Company ,. stated that he had made every effort at the instance of Mr . O'Connor to have { tlie Land Society " enrolled , first : as a friendly society , and afterwards registered as a joint-stock . company . Mr . Tidd Pratt refused to certify that the . company was within the . Friendly Societies Acts ; and Mv . Whitmarsh , the . Registrar of Joint-Stock . Companies , refused to register the deed of settlement , although £ 608 had been laid out in stamps . There was an application to the ; Court of Queen ' s Bench for a mandamus to compel the registrar to allow complete registration of the company , and that rule was now depending .
Mr . Grey , an accountant , and Mr . Finlayson , the ' actuary of the Nat ional Debt-office , stated they were employed to examine into the uccounts of the Land Company , at the . instance of the chairman of a committee of the House of Commons . The plaintiff ' s counsel proposed to ask them as to the result of their , investigation , but the question was objected to , arid / ¦ . . ! . " .. The Cheip Bakon ruled , that the result of these witnesses' examination of the accounts > Y 8 B not adhiiasable in evidence . He had a great respect for the House of Commons and , its committees , but although they-may deem it expedient to have the assistance of Mr .. Grey and Mr . Fihlayson ' s opinion upon the result of accounts , the jury could not have such testimony laid before them . ;• The further hearing was adjourned until Saturday morning , at ten o ' clock . SATURDAY . , ;
Upon the Lord Chief Baron taking his place this morning , ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦¦¦¦ : Mr . Sergeant Wilkins said he had the satisfaction to announce that it was not thought necessary to adduce any further evidence on tho part of the plaintiff . . ¦< :- < . ¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ r Mr . Rozbuck commenced the proceedings }> y addressing the jury upon the additional evidence which his learned friend the-sergeant-had called forward on Friday , and said , that notwithstanding the statements which had been made by those witnesses he should in the outset of tho observations which he should feel himself bound to offer to tlie jury upon that further evidence submit , that whilst the evidence which he had placed , before them had
been abundantly sufficient to establish the truth of his plea of justification , and therefore to entitle the defendant to a verdict , yet that the additional proofs offered by his learned friend had most signally failed in satisfying the mind of any man as to the bduajidii either of the two schemes , or . of ihe conduct and objects of Mr . O'Connor in connexion with them . All tho evidence , he contended , had gone to prove this plain and simple fact , namely , that whilst the " Land Scheme" was illegal , so was the " Bank Scheme" fraudulent . All the evidence had shown , moreover , that both of those concerns had been the emanation of a few individuals , of whose names they were all in ignorance , who had assembled in a room somewhere in London ,
and , having so met , had . then designated themselves ; is a body of " delegates from the working classes . " Now , he , should argue that those persons were just as much entitled to that description and designation 213 tlie three tailors of Tooley-street , who had , in days long past , represented themselves as the " people of England / ' had been warranted in laying claim to the position which they had then assumed to themselves .. With regard to Sir . O'Connor , ho accused that gentleman of every charge which had been laid against hint in tho paper of which the plaintiff complained . Of the truth of tho statements which that paper had contained , lie had , he submitted , produced tho most abundant proofs in the course of the present investigation . As plain and
clear had he made that appear as was the sun at noon day in its greatest brilliancy on tho brightest summer day . Ihe jury had heard that as large a sum as £ 100 , 000 had been gathered by this Company from out of the pockets of the poor yorkingclasses of the kingdom , by means of contributions of small and apparently insignificant sums—in many instances not more than 3 d . —and therefore it the more urgently behoved those to whom the money had been so forwarded to become its sacred guardians , and to protect it from imposition and from imposture . Now , it was apparent that the whole of this money had been paid to and received by Mr . O'Connor , into whose " private account" in the bank it had always been paid . Thus , 110 one but
Mr . 'O'Connor could deal with that ; large amount of money . Supposing , now , that Mr . v Connor had been suddenly called from this " world—suppose he had fallen down . 'dead , to whom would' all that money have gone ? To the poor and wretched contributors ? No , no such thing ; not one farthing of it ; all would have gone'to Mr . O'Connor ' s family or legal representatives , and thus every poor man who had subscribed his " threepence " even would have been driven to the necessity of filing a bill in the Court of Chancery with a view to tho recovery of the hard-earned pittance which he had placed in the hands of that man , who was then no more . But it had been said that Mr . O ' Connor had made his will , and that by . that instrument he had
bequeathed the whole pf his property to trustees for the benofit of tho subscribers . Let him ask why , instead pf rendering such a will-making necessary , Mr . O'Connor had not done as ho hnd promised to do , namely , made the various conveyances of the allotments over to the different subscribers , to each allottee , and by that means have given to them a legal title to their respective allotments , in accordance with the promise be had held out to all of them ? But Mr . O'Connor , from the commencement to the present time , had kept all the money ns his own . and all tho estates , too . which had been
purchased with the other portion of the contributions . Whatever property there was , then , that individual had tho wholo of it under his . owri sole , power , and control ) whilst there was no other human being w the world who possessed the smallest right or power to interfere -with it jn any . way . , That being so , then , he submitted that the present defendant was fujly entitled to claim the ' right ; of exposing ^ and denouncing subli a proceeding as a " political imposition . ^ , Had the defendant not a right to point out to the world at large , and to the working classes , that Mr . O'Connor had obtained ' possession of the peopled ropney to , the extent of £ 100 , 000 , by mean
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of five hundred I ' machines ' vor ' Kranches , aa h « called them , which he had distributed throughout the kingdom * who- were , exerting their .. infiasnee to sway the popular voice in this matter ? What , would come to ; pass in future days , it was uUerljr impossible for himBelf or any other inari to foretell ; but'he could tell them what might be the ' motives ' , ' and what might be the ultimate , res-sit of such a , course ' , of proceeding . It mig ht happen thai , Mr . ; O'Connor might keep the whob of , the property to-himself . ( Laughter . ) The beginning and the end of the concern lip to the pvosent moment'had been Mr . O'Cpnrior . ' Mr , O'C'oiinor , ' in fact , was . tliO : Company ! That siich was the case had .. been most fully borne out by the ' evi . iencei which had been adduced throughout the progress of the cause . Well , then , was not the defender perfectly justified in putting his finger oil that ? reat blot on the character of a public man—a mai " who
was tampering not only Svith the feelings but with " the money of a large class of individuals—and to call him a " political impostor ? " In such ? . case the press was the > ye and voice of the public ; and thus , if a public man tampered with the ibftlings and property of the public , he submitted that it was the duty of that press to step in and tear asunderto pull aside the veil , with a view to the full and perfect exposure of the whole enormity and extent of the abuses which the particular person was practising , with the . hope . of arresting such a course of proceedings . In conclusion , ho should contend that the evidence which had been brought forvca-dby his learned friend in reply to the case which the de « fendant had made out had in no way weakened or shaken the case which he had himself mado cut on the part of the defendant . Hence he felt that he was entitled to ask for a verdict in favour of that gentleman ; and for that verdict ho should look with the utmost confidence .
Mr . Serjeant wilkins then rose'io rep ; v upon the ' whole case , and submitted , in tho first place that the defendant was not entitled to a verdict , inasmuch as he had entirely failed to make out hisplea of justification , and therefore , having so failed , the verdict inust ' of necessjty be found in favour of the plaintiff : ' In , the consideration of Ihis caae he earnestly besought the jury to caBt aside and to throw from them every feeling of prejudice , which , from . one circumstance ^ or , another , might by c ' uanc © or accident have taken possession of' their winds . Mr . O'Connor , in his opinion , —indeed , in the opinion of the great masses of socie / ty—insitad of being branded as an impostor , . and thereby held up tb . tho world as the enemy ' of the poor man , ought id'bo regarded , and treated , and accepted as a great
public benefactor ; seeing that he had by himself been the means of producing an amount of good to mankind—ay , to thousands , with no other individual in the world , whether he were a member of parliament or not—whether he were a Peer or anything else , —had ever been able to accomplish by the simple means of his own unaided effort ? , Mr . O'Connor' had toiled day and ' night in tha promotion and establishment of this Society , and had never upon anyoneoccasion put ono shilling of its funds into his own pocket , nor had' he ever made any charge for his travelling expenses , notwithstanding that there were few districts or eornera of the kingdom which he had no , t visited v'ith ft view to its successful formation . What lad heea the result ? Why , that by his own'individu'i
axertions Mr . O Connor had placed a large number ; of poor overworked mechanics and weavers , v > ho had previously existed " in . a pestilential , air , eating un » wholesome bread , and drinking impure water , —that man had , by hi 3 sole exertions , been enabled to p lace those poor unhappy creatures upon axn : S . al « Iotmerits , —a cottage and two acres of land at the least each—in the most healthy and : salubvbu 3 districts in England . Comparing their preset , location and position with what -it nad previous v been , these poor people were in a perfect Paradise . " Tnat such was the fact , —that the spots selected for them were healthful , he need only recall to the recollection of the jury , as proofs , the ruddy cheeks and the now almost , st ; ilwart figures pf the few persona who had been called before them' as witnesses bv hia
learned friends On'the other side . ' Until ihe rsmoyal of those people tVtheir respective silotmeius tney had presented tfee " very imporsdnification of absent health . LooKjatthem now why , they haJ one and ' all exhibitea that ruddy countenance , that healthful appearance of body , which was the indication of the enjoyment of a far better mean 3 of existence t-lian it had been their unhappy fate , their unhappy lot to labour under , when . working' in the close ? . i : d confined atmosphere of a factory for the small wmuneration of 6 s . or 7 s . a-wcek . Mr . O'Connor had courted investigation of tlie most rigid chi ' . r . icter ; and yet , notwithstanding that minute imph ;? and examination into tho master , nofe ono blot'bad throughout the whole case been affixed as against his bona fides , or against his honesty ; That was the
sole question ; and then he said , that if it vi-vs their opinion , —and it -was utterly impossible , after tho case which he had mado out , that their ooiriion should be otherwise , —that there had been neither dishonesty nor impositiou on the part of Mr . 0 "Connpv , then that , in that case , that gantleir .-nVould be , fully entitled to their verdict .. Mr . O'Connor had been accused of neither more nor ks * than wholesale robbery , but , whatever might le theresuit of their verdict , he felt confident thai when a report of the inquiry had gone abroad , tl : public would discover that they had long been tior . ig ' MTi O'Connor immense injustice . Mr . O'Cor . r . or had mado everything connected with the company known , arid all that he could now be accused of was , that he might have been too much of a
philanthropist ; but he hoped the jury would be tho hsi persons to accuse a man for being a philanthropist , simply because they differed from him in or-inicD . Ifc was seldom that they could find a man in if v . O' Connor ' s position , who would go among the r ., ic . ri who visited their hovels , and who subjected himself by choice to evils which they were subjected to bv necessity , and ho could only attribute his zeal , in nersevering In this course , notwithstanding the : difucultiesm hisway . atid tbe abuse wliicbwn ? heaped upon him , to a consciousness that he ivns ' dQing that which was right and good , and that wiimh / hw views of pociety and the world demanded iit his hands . Tho course which the evidence had taken had shown what extent , what amount of the money had been expended ; as large a sum as £ 112 , 000 had been received , and ho misht recall to i \\ m
recollection how a very considerable proportion of that money had been expended . First , there had been for the purchase of the estates , taking the items in round numbers , £ 60 , 000 ; then , tor the erection of the cottages , £ 28 , 400 ; then , there wa 3 for aid money , putting in the crops , clearing the land , and for tillage , £ 4 , 260 ; making a total of £ 92 , 660 odd . Then there was the expense of making roads , the cost of manure , the printing expenses , tiie suma paid to tho delegates for their travelling expenses , and when on duty ; then the law charges , and 'for stamps;—why , when all these matters were taken into consideration , where was there any surplus , did the jury think ? How much of that money could have found its way into the pocket of Mr . O ' Connor ? Why , > yhen the whole of the accounts were gone through , it would be found that that gentleman was between £ 3 , 000 and £ 4 , 000 out-of pocket . That fact was clear , and fully established even by the evidence which had been oroduced
during the last three days . What then became of the jesting of his learned ' friend as to the hard earnings of the poorhavingbecn pumped into thegreat reservoir of Sir . O'Connor ' s pocket ? In regard t ' e this scheme , Mr . O'Connor might have boon deceived and he might have deluded himself in the ardour of his enthusiasm and in his endeavour to accomplish , an object which was calculated to raise the condition of the working classes ; but that he wbuld'intentionally mislead or attempt to deceive or to deludo any other human being he utterly denied . Vaststrcss had been laid upon the conduct of the hanking department by Mr . O'Connor , and that he had led tho working . classes to suppose that up to the last moment the security for the deposit of their money iti that bank was the estates which belonged to the Land Company . The argument would iiot he , it would not hold for one moment , because a document had been put in and read in evidence by Mr . M'Grath , much to the discomfiture of his learned Mendi . Here it was . —
National Land nnd Labour Bank , 493 , New Oxford-street . ¦ ¦ _ : London , Sept . 15 th , 1848 . Sra , —After mature consideration , and under the best legal advice , Air . O'Connor lias determined . to separatethe National Land and Labour Hunk more completely from tlicIiatioiinlLand Company , by assuming to himself all those current expenses of the Imiik , which ( although' he was , strictly speaking , sole proprietor thereof ) were nevertheless borne by the Land Company , in consideration of the assistance to be nftbi'detl to it l > y the bank , iu furthering the interests of its subscribers , by accelerating their location on the Company ' s estate . : ( All connexion , . direct or indirect ; between tlio two e ' stablUlmientslins . aiisolutelyce . ised , and , although Mr . O'Connor may , no doubt , have transactions with the Company in .
respect of any loans from the bunk , uo other connexion can , bo said to exist tlian that always existing between a mortgagor and ii mortgagee . ' ¦* Some doubts having heretofore arisen with respect tsthe security enjoyed by . depositors in tlie bank , independent of their , confidence ip the proprietor ( which , it may be re . marked , is tho only security enjoved by the depositors in any ordinary private bank ) , it is satisfactory to refer you to the opinion of Mv . Lawes , who stated , in his examination before the House ef Commons committee : — i ' Thnt not only the whole , of Mr . UfConnor ' s private property , but the whole of tho estates belonging to the National Land Company , and also" the private property of every member of that Company , stood as security to the denositorsin the bunk . ' . . * ( Concluded in the eighth page . )•' .
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,. Caution to tub PuBuc . —Messrs . Morrison and the Society of Hygeista and Medical Reformers hereby caution tho publip ^ thatthwiave no sort of connexion with the oin ^ njfs- ^ lni ^ Ha sold in ohemistsV and ; druggi 8 ta ^ hqng ^ E ^ s £ pbJieze of Health , New-road , Vonm ^ m , h $ i& < ti £ \ ylZXS ^^^^ cutting : it pp » n ^ j 4 * E » ffiE « a . » ^' ^^ W . Mm ^^
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- The HiouE , Eeb . 16 . —The Stoats Cburant of this < J ? y states , tint according to the census of the 19 th Jjorember , 1849 , the population of the province of o » a Holland was 562 , 306 , of whom 4 > 243 were in garrison , 383 in the hospital , and 1 , 363 in the prisons . The UmdeUMad says that the visit of M . Yan *» nebeek , the Ki ng ' s aide-de-samp , to Sorth Brapuijj for the purpose of ascertaining by personal 1 vestigation the resnlt of the damage cansed by the . "DndaAions , rased peat expectations in the minds wtteautlt .- ities that some relief would be accorded : * sw « nfortnnatesnfierers . The Journal du Com-^ Jw siys that the Kin g , on the proposition of the w ^^ r' , ^ thoriaed the provincial states of fiorUi Holland to stete in w hat manner they con-* wl £ T , ' to ™* « " » fc 6 e test em-Ploy ^ to . rehevetheunhappy sufferers . - ^^ & ^ ^ yimU o ^ nei ihe 5 ^ e fefcjnoe between London and York in Julj ***** ' ¦ ¦ ¦ :- , , . . '
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Eg wfitr ^ S 3 ^ li 5 m . .. - . Bttg ^ lft ^ ' life ^ ; ; ••¦ ; ,, ^^ arr wmmm § s
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 23, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1562/page/5/
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