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Mr . T . J . Skhi * said he attended that meeting in accordance wftfc his promise made to its conveners to do so . He stood there as a man , and had but one voice , whilst the meeting appeared to Him to possess more than a thousand voices , and could at any time put him down if they pleased . They no doubt desired the Charter , and that as soon as possible ; but what were they attempting to do ? They had to ettect a great social revolution , —( hear , ) -and they all appeared to agree that it was to be done by peaceful means . ( Hear . ) He rejoiced as much as any man in the return of Eugene Sue for Paris , not because of his adherence to the principles of Communism or Socialism , but as a test of the French people ' s loyalty to the Republic ( Cheers . ) lie could go with the Chartists for their objects , but they had a different game to play to that of their . . . :
t-ontinental neighbours ; and his belief was , that if they put their names to a petition or document , reiterating their demands year after year , a very few years would expire before they obtained all they asked . U 13 conviction was , that after granting an £ t > franchise to Ireland this year , that the minister , -would , of himself , offer something for Eagiand next year . A previous speaker had told them that the middle classes could return twenty tire working men ; his own houest conviction was tnat they had not the power to return tluee . ( Laughter . ) "Wh y look at their division ! , in the House ; on their own pet questions their minorities were only some eighty-nine or so ; but what the middle classes could do was to extend their measures , and thea «; et the working classes to unite with them in striking a heavy blow . ( Cheers . ) Bo not run away with the idea that the middle classes
are enemies of the working classes . He thought that any man vriio attempted to set class against class at tlse present day was their enemy . lie thanked them most cordially for their patient and attentive hearing , and hoped to meet them again on some future occasion . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Ihc 5 . « u > Ua&i said , that the last gentleman , who was a Eirmber of the late Parliamentary Reform Conference , said lie was there ' to justify himself for the share lie liad fc » k « n in that Conference ' s refusal to hear the deputation ; but had ha done so ? Ho had told them that he believed the
Parliamentary Reformers had not the power to return three members to parliament . In past ages , they had been governed by lords of the soil , but now , it appeared , they were just about being governed by the money-mongers- < cheers)—and lie must confess he would sooner be governed by lords of high birth than by them , lie believed that the Peoplc- 'sCharter would be got at the hands of a weak ipnrty , wanting power , and that that weak party would be tl « Tories ; . but , sltould such an offer be made , the people must only accept it on condition that their manhood was recognised , which could only-fee done by giving to every inaa a vote . And what good would a barren vote be ? So ; it must be used as a means to obtain social privileges ; and the points of those social privileges were—that the -earth belonged to tlie whole p * eeple , and that tho « ifculatiug medium should represent labour . ( Applause . ) Jlr . Pbiek Haslet ( from the gallery ) said he had
handed down the addendum moved by Mr . O'Brien , and he wished it to be put as a distinct amendment , estirely apart from the one moved by Mr . Eydd . Mr . Kydd had given them a deal of usefal information , but he thought his amendment not suitable for the present occasion . ( Hear . ) He entreated Messrs . M'Grath , Clark , and Dixon , notio attempt to cause division . Sir . Serle had told them , in a few years they might obtain , their rights ; but he ( Mr . Iianley ) believed if they followed the advice of their League fricuds—the youngest of them now present would not live to see the year of the advent of their rights and liberties ; and from-the middle classes they might expeet to get just such aid as they always had received from the Weekly Dkpatch . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Krap said , to prevent subdivision he would withdraw his simendment , although he-wished it to be distinctly endersiood that he only stood pledged to the Feople ' s Charter .
Mr . M'Grath came forward and said , a gentleman had asked what they intended to do withChartism * His answer was , by a tangible and distinct course to make the Charter the law « f the land . Did they think that such an old agitator as he was , would be put down by any contemptible and despicable means . ? ( Groans . ) He knew the faces of the old Democrats , : snd did not see one of them either hissing or shouting . ( Hisses . ) He thought the question for that night was , as to the means of obtaining the Charter . He had . hoped , when the " Provisional Committee of the National Charter Association " had come on the platform , they would have pointed out the means . He had listened to Messrs . Kydd and O'Brien , bathe contended they had done nothin < r
He was one of those who thought the Cliarter should be law in a few years , but if the policy recommended by some of the previous speakers was followed , they would spend another twenty years without it . ( Hisses , and cheering . ) Mr . W . Davies said , had it not been for the allusion of Mr . M'Grath to the body to which he luid the honour of belonging , he should " not have intru-iel himself upon their notice , as the Provisional Committee had reEolved to take no part in this meeting ; he therefore appeared on his own personal responsibility . ( Hear . ) But he must confess that , during the whole time he had been connected with that committee , he had not heard one word as regards physical or moral force , nor had he witnessed any but the most cordial union , to advance the cause by every just ap . d legal means . ( Cheers . ) But , supposing that two or three of its members
should happen to differ with him , was that any reason why he should desert from the ranks , and set up shop on his own account ? Mr . M'Grath had made a trifling mistake : it was not the Provisional Committee who had convened this meeting ; hence , it was not the duty of its members to submit a Programme of Ways and Means . ( Hear . ) But it was tSie Council of a body , that in his opinion , had not , or ever would , possess an existence , that called it . [ Cheers . ) Consequently , it was Mr . M'Grath ' s business , as one of that Council , to submit the programme ; and his ( Mr . Davies ) , as an humble auditor , together with the meeting , to approve or disapprove . But at the numerous and crowded meetings the Provisional Committee had convened , they had not failed to develope their plans , much to the satisfaction of their very numerous audiences . iCheers . )
The amendment , as moved by Mr . O'Bries , and seconded by Mr . Hart ; and the original motion , . is submitted by Mr . A . Hirst , and seconded by Mr . T . Clark , were then put . The former being carried by an overwhelming majority . Mr . « T . J . Bezer moved a vote to the Chairman , which was seconded by Mr . Haslet , supported by Mr . W . Deake , and Mr . Lee , and adopted by acclamation , and the meeting quietly dispersed .
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SATIONA& CHARTER LEAGUE . iTPRTING AT THE NATIONAL HALL , ON ^ WEDNESDAY , MAT Isr . « Thp Sational Charter . League" held its first BJS at the National Hall , High Holbcrn , on K ^ tav evening ; Mav the 1 st , for the cxposi-^ fllS | fc ; &-. & ° ' The Hall was rJed . At a quarter past eight o ' clock Messrs . rtTt M'Gratb , Dixon , dc , came upon the plat-, .. midst hisses and cheers . ^ pSov £ movcd , secondcdbyMr . Clark ; « ThiDr Bowkett take the chair . " VLa moved , as an amendment ,- " That * % - \ v fluffy take the chair-, " which was Lidcd bv Mr . BucKMonr , and earned . se MrXteW on ** " - thc chMr ' Sald lls was . "I . , iposcd to packed meetings , and he was !^ lr <™> 05 cd to packed platforms , and as the S of the Platform had hitherto been closed , its
£ would ask the mewing ™««« w was -Ti that such members of the Provisional Com-W - *« : of ' the National Charter Association who m t be present , should have free access to the 'iVona [ This met with an affirmative response , ^ several members of the Committee came upon * £ iiliifonn . 1 The Chairman proceeded , and said Spy had been called together bv a party , appatlv to « o ! vc tue question whether the Chartists SnfJ ijeVplit up into sections , ( near , hear . Tiihc ac'ionsof the men convening this meeting , iftrid Ht probing to thc quick , and they should lie fcuad worthy of the public support , tbea Le * rn- * cd ther would keep order , and hear all -wlo JSrted tWdve * . lie tlcn called oa the iccretarv to read thc correspondence of the
^ \ g . T Cisks . came forward for that purpose , md was received with hisses , and slight chceriiig . Ife read Ktws from the Sev . Mr . Lmwood , and William Lotett , apologising for uon-attendanee on ihe < mmr . a of indisposition and the address ' -To tbe Siliniras of the PecaVs Charter . Mr Ambeose HinsT then came iorvavd < o more the foiiowhiff resolution 7— That the -Commous ' Bou ^ e of Parliament is an institution belonging iialionaMv to the nation at large , but as at present constituted , it represents ouly one-sixth part of the maks adult community ; it cannot therefore fenitiinatclv impose taxes , or otherwise justly legislate for t ! : e people ; that its decrees arc
con-SHsuev . ' . j not the acts ef the nation , but simply mandates of an enfranchised section . This meeting therefore recorcs its deliberate protest against sach prjtial and oppressive .-u ; thority , and appeals to the intelligent" ? , the eqr . ity , aud the patriotism of rJl chssesof the Uuit < -d Kingdom , to assist in Tircmctinir , by all peaceable and icor . il means , a clsr . se inthe representative system , based upon the plaiTof Uaiverssl Suffrage , Annual Elections , Toiiag by Ballot , Equ : il Electoral Districts , ilse abofitiGn of Property Qualifications for lleml'crs of Parliament , and Remuneration from ibe National Exchequer , for their services ; bclievbg such plan to- bs most hannouious and coufUtent trltli the true theory of representation . ssi with the rights and interests of the whole people . " Mr . Hirst said , if the people were desirous cf obtaining their rights , they niusicviace their fitness for them by their libcrr . Ktv , and although there
might be a difference of opinion as to how those rights might be obtained , tbere was cone as to those rShts .-. He regretted that men should come there imbued with prejudices , aud allow their passions io get the better of their iudsments . ( Hisses . ) Mr . Hirst declared that he was " not to be dictated to , sad the man who hissed was not worthy the fran ehisc Mr . Hirst proceeded to refute the * objections usually urged against Universal Suffrage , and declared that if the ~ money spent by the aristocracy in wars daring the last oeiifcry , had been expended in Inying land , every acre in the country would have Leec , ere this , bought np . [ A person in the gallery moved that every speaker should be confined to one quarter of an hour , which was seconded , and carried imanimouslyj No one party could cany the Charter , it must be done by a ^ inaction of Reform pariies , tbe middle classes had been aforetime numbered aaongst the initiators of good measures . ( Hear . )
Mr . Thomas Clabk came forward to second the resolution , amidst groans and hisses from the body of the meeting , and load cbeers from his friends . He said , the Chairman had told them there were men on that platform capable of refuting anything that the League might advance ; surely , tlien , in such a large meeting as that before him , it never ¦ could be said they were afraid to hear a humble individual like himself . ( Hear , hear . ) The resolution he was seconding was declaratory of the six points of the People ' s Charter ; and he presumed thai there would be no difference of opinion as regards these , although there might be as to the mode of their oblrdmnentl no had differed with some on tMs point , and in all proKibilitv should asain . ne
Idieved thatno single clss ? couldcarrythe Charter , acd hence he was for seeking an alliance with others . [ A Toice :. Wliv not try to unite the workiagclasses firmly ?] Mr . Clark said , he did not fsiak the gentleman who had submitted that query was a fair specimen of the working classes . ( Hisses " ) He was opposed to all kinds of despotism , and teiieved the people " were in favour of liee inquiry . ( Cheers . ) TJie is-ineiplc-s contained in the resolution were just , and there did not appear- to be ; mv ciferenee on the matter , lie agreed with Mr . Hirst , that there was a difference of opinion as to how those principles were to be obtained , which difference never could be settled but by fair discussion between them ; and Le funher ' asreed , that the Charter
never could le obtained but by an amalgamation of parties . { Eisse * . ) Hisses never could answer the principles of the " League . " ( Cries of "TCe don ' t know saeh a body " . " ) He thanked Hose who had patiently lUtc-ced to him , for their candid , fair , and unbiassed hearinir ; and he was content to leave tbe ksas of the nteetins in their hands , but he told those who had demeaned tbeaisefces towards him as ther had—that they had done hunno injury ; he despised the despotism that hud sought to put him down . ( Cheers and Lisscs . ) 3 ir . S . M . Stdd moved the following as an amend-^ i : — " That in the opinion of this meeting the reopie ' s Charter is sound in principle , and Sued to the wants of the age in which we ' live ; and this meeting recommends the adoption of the same by tie People and Parliament of this conntrv . " Mr .
iyda in a powerful speech enforced his amendment , aad ably refuted "the historic reminiscences" of J& . Hirst , as regards the middle elapses , and concluded by declaring thst they wanrcd the Charter not for a section or class , lut for the wLo ! e people . Broxtebs 2 O'Beiex seconded the amendment , rat said it required an atetndrna , which he would move as follows : — " That whikt this meeting eoroally agrees with thc principles contained in the reopie ' s Charter , it records its solemn protest against any and every attempt , by any section or paly , to divide the Chartists of this country , or to flaw them from " The National Charter Assoriapt « , " sincerely believing as it does , that it is the Hfcrestofthe working classes to agitate for their political and social rights in one compact body , staring to amend in the future what time and
exptnenee may have proved to be wrong in the pa 3 t ; and this meeting further believes it to " be the duty « i the people to gain a knowledge of their socia ' l npts whilst agitating for political freedom , so that ^ vmg gained political rights it may know how to tan , maintain , and properly apply her twin sister—^ al ri ghts . " He thought it , of all things , desiraole that they should resolve not to be divided . lUeers . ) But before he proceeded further he 'mid propose three cheers for ihe electors of Paris , wno had chosen Eugene Sue as their representative . « e proposed those three cheers to the men of Paris , j ™ « % because they Lad elected Ensrene Sue , but " « aise they had set an example to " the working S Endand . Theyhadillustrated the fact that fV" ?* eretobe obtained without the aid of the raadle classes . ( Loud cheers . ) Not that the aid wany honest middle-class ninn -wnnM h *
vpfnseA—™«« contrary , they would receive such a convert mw open arms ; but he would tell them precisely w « a tlie middle chms W ° « W join them-it SL . ^ ° ? ent the Covered the working ^ seaeonl d do wi thout them . ( Cheers . ) He did m wonder at Mr . Clark ' s smarting under what he W Clark ) called their intolerance , but , at thc same w Mr . Clark shosld remember that he had recently joined a party that would give no honest ttan a hearing ; for be it known tothem . that depufaborai from the iational Charter Association and ^ National Beform League , had been deputed to * aiton the National Parliamentary and Pinancia « porm Conference , in which Messrs . M'Gratb Uark , Dison and others on that platform , ha < ^ ts , for the honest and Btraightforward purpose of Mowing , that any hatred or distrust the working classes had to thc middle chsses arose entirely from " ^ middle class obieetins to Universal Suffracro
• Oil to ask the Conference to give them some t ^ gjble proof that the middle classes were sincere "i their professed desire to serve the working i / S ^ j —thear , )—and the pledge to he asked was : Anat at the next general election they should « , o ' ° , oe returned some twenty-five or thirty of mpn £ » ? classe ^ tneir f « e . to Parliarr "; ( Cheers . ) And as the Parliamentarians * a « ed they had the middle classes with them , it - * . " . v « ar to assume that thnv mnst exercise
SV ° I - . Eome m £ eats ,- ( cheers , ) -and of of ^ faa jt m their power to do what was asked rS" - J ? P - ) And if they had not or could no fi'Mie middle classes-with them , how was it to be ( CC ™ ^ y would unite with the Chartists ? theiK ^ Sir Joshua Valmsley , Cobden , and grSwl ¥ "Snowft and , if they willed , could § a sse «« was asked » and I * 1113 IP ™ ^ working aotn »« * , ° W ° rt «» % of proving that they were ConW ¦ J es Bnt m Parliamentary Keform tore ofrt C 0 ? ft V - aay rejected this overtheir i «! z ? . worimg classes by refusing to hear
these ^* " ,-inear , and cheere , ) -and under * fth SR * ? he l ^ $ ht % y woold aS « e ti ^^ MSSff * * ' * ""
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We , the undersigned , having taken part In convening , and being present at , the meeting which took place at the National Hall , Holborn , on Wednesday evening last , feel it to be our duty . to state the facts connected with the disgraceful frustration of that meeting , in order that they may be fairly estimated by an impartial public . The projectors of the National Charter League dissenting , as they do in toto , from the propriety of connecting Socialism , or Communism , vrith the agitation for the People ' s Charter—and regarding as thoroughly worthless , inefficient , and mischievous , the policy pursued by the Provisional Committee of the National Charter Association—felt it to be their duty , and their right , to inaugurate a movement , the policy of which
wonld be in unison with their own notions of propriety . In conformity with this conviction , they published and circulated a plan of national organisation , together with a prospectus of the policy which they proposed to pursue , in order to ensure the realisation of the Charter . They also announced , by advertisement and placard ,- that thc first meeting in furtherance of the League would be held on Wednesday , thc 1 st of May . From « the moment that their intention to hold a meeting became public , till eight o ' clock on Wednesday evening , the most strenuous exertions were made by our opponents to secure the presence of a sufficient number of persons to stifle discussion , and thereby frustrate the purposes of the meeting . In this
unnrogressivc , and anti-democratic , and disgraceful aim , its votaries were infamously successful . As thc hour for commencing business arrived , no sooner did those who were to take part in it—including Dr . Bowkett , Messrs . Seavl , Garbonelli , Ward , and the members of the Provisional Council —make their appearance oh the platform , than a storm of hissing , yelling , hooting , whistling , and imitation of cock-crowing commenced , of which no descriptive power of pen or tongue could convey an adequate notion . In the midst of this glorious exemplification of the principlesi of liberty , equality , and fraternity . Mr . Dixon—after a quarter of an honr ' s exertionproposed that Dr . Bowkett should take the chair This was the signal for a renewal . of the savage sport , in which the most disgusting and opprobrious epithets were applied to us ; and among those active in the latter honourable vocation , we observed more than one who—if they stood to an individual
in the same relation as they do to the Land Company—wonld now , in all probability , be expiating their delinquencies in her Majesty ' s penal colonies . Some person in the body of the hall moved "That Rufly Ridley do take the chair , " which being put was carried . This person , whose real name we believe is ¦ Daniel Kufiy , and who has not been heard of in the Chartist movement for a long time past , and whose membership with it at the present time we very much doubt , commenced a vulgar and abusive tirade against the prompters of the League , charging them with every Tile motive that can make man's conduct odious , much to the amusement of the trutli-lovhtg friends of fair play , who , unfortunately for the honour of a sacred cause , formed the majority of the aiiaience . " The meeting was then addressed by Mr . Hirst , who moved a resolution couched in dignified and eloquent language in favour of ( he sis points of tbe Charter , and
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which was seconded : by Mr ; Clark , both of whom were treated by the majority in . a manner that would have disgraced an assembly of savages . Mr . Kydd moved a proposition in favour of the Charter , which he was pleased to call an amendment . He , however , afterwards withdrew in favour , of the vague and and indefinite motion of Mr . O'Brien , which will be found elsewhere in the Star . ' Mr . llart , a Communist , who had always hitherto' opposed Universal Suffrage— except in the abstract , seconded Mr . O'Brien ' s motion , which , of course
on being put , was carried . We wish tho Chartists throughout the country distinctl y to understand that neither Messrs . Kydd , O'Brien , nor Hart , are members of the Chartist Association , nor will they be ; so that if the rule they teach by example is followed , England will never witness an organisation for the enactment of -the Charter . Several other speakers addressed tho meeting , the storm all the while raging with unabated fury until eleven o ' clock , when the patriotic baud , bavin * fulfilled their mission , left the scene of their glorious triumph .
Thus ended the first meeting called by the **• ¦>?««• - T ] ie projectors of that body are nevertheless full oi hope . They are not composed Qf the material which would cower beneath brute force . They feel strong in the cocsciousness that their cause is right , and in the assurance that , erelorsg , the policy winch they recommend will , notwithstanding the conduct of a few of the misled men of London , be the adopted of the enlightened Democracy of Great Britain , Signed on behalf of tho Council , William Allsutt , William Dixon , _ TiiosiAS Clabk , Piuup M'GnAin .
P . S .-The following is the resolution to which the amendments of Messrs . Kydd and O'Brien were moved : — "That lUe Commons' House . of Parliament is an institution belonging inalienably to the nation at large , bat as , at present ¦ constituted , it represents only one-sixth part of * he male adult community ; it cannot therefore logitimntsly impose taxes , or otherwise justly legislate Ibr the * people ; that its decrees are consequently not the acts . of thc nation , but simply tho . mandates of an enfranchised section . This meeting therefore records its deliberate protest against such partial and onnressive
authority , and appeals to tbe intelligence , the equity , and the patriotism of all classes of the United Kingdom , to assist ki promoting , by all peacesvWe w . < l mor . t \ means , a change in the Representative System , based upon < t ! ie plan of Universal Suffrage , Annual Elections , " Voting by Ballot , Equal Electoral Districts , theabolition of Property Qualifications for Members of Parliament , and lleuiunerationlrom thc XationalExchcquer for their services ; -believing such plans to be most harmonious aud consistent with the true theory of He-, presentation , and with the rights and interests of the whole people . "
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1 EISH DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT . The Iinshnutn of Saturday last coirfciins reports of meetings of the . Irish Democrats in © ubliii , Cork , Kilkenav , Camck-eu-Suir , Sligo , Liverpool , Manchester , Glasgow , &c , &c . New members * ceai to be gathering to the standard in all those places . "We copy from the Irishman the followinsr admirable
ADDRESS TO THE miSH DEMOCRATIC ASSOCIATION TO THE PEOPLE ® F IRELAND , Fellow CoE-vrnTMEX . —Wo havo been taught by bitter . experience , that if ever the Democracy o * f Ireland is to be raised from the depth of degradation and unparalleled misery in which they are plunged , it must be by their own exertion . We must become ardent , unremitting , and united in ourlabours . ere . we -can accomplish the . task—the highest of human objects , self-regeneration and nationality . It is now high time the work was set about , by spreading those principles in their true and proper guise , simple and unadorned , without the generously-bestowed trappings of good-natured-enemies and charitable detractors , and placing before thc people our objects , which are simply " lasd and life . "
Is there one among the labouring classes whose life and the lives of his wife and littic ones asre not at the mercy of rampant capital ? Have you not seen how the capitalists created a famine in the midst of plenty , nnd blasphemously entitled a judgment of Providence ; and is it not rather strange , that none of their class perished from want ? No , it was amongst the Democracy—those who toil early and late—that black famine found its victims—the fruits of whose incessant labour went through the instrumentality of one-sided master-made laws from themselves to augment the already large stores of ill-got gain . We who remain may , at their pleasure , be
subjected to the eame suffering . The farmer who holds land that may have been in possession of the family for generations through a choice collection of bad laws , oppressive taxes , and rack-rents , can be reduced to beggary , evicted from his holding , forbidden to tread the very fields wlwre his forefathers toiled to support their families , and maintain an honest name , and from whence he fondly hoped should proceed , by virtue of his labour , the means of upholding his self-respect and honesty , and which he should be able to bequeath with his latest blessing to his children as their future support , and cast upon the wide world ' s flinty way with none to succour or assist the child of sorrow and of misery . .
_ afar is the artizan , whose skill and industry mininster to the comforts and ornaments of society , in a better plight . He too , is trodden down and enslaved—his body and mind worn out—his spirit broken—and his genius fettered by long hours of labour and petty tyranny ; The pittance received lfor the twelve or fourteen hours of daily toil is scarcely sufficient to procure the comforts of his family ; so that , when capitalists think proper to lessen the demand for labour , his homo must bo stripped of its furniture , and his family of their clothing , to obtain the means of subsistence . His ears are pained , and his heart is riven , as night after ni
ght he returns to his cheerless home , after weary and fatiguing days of fruitless endeavour to gam employment , he beholds his starving children huddling together to procure warmth , and hem their piteous cries for food , denied them by the Belfishness and injustice of a few fellow-worms , although the strength and skill of the grief-stricken father is offered in exchange . And should he , exasperated by the weight of his suffering , associate with fellow-toilers to oppose the infernal power which wrought such misery , he is immediately accused of " comlinadonand conspiracy" tried , found guilty , and sentenced to imprisonment in a dungeon , with burglars and pickpockets for
companions . Such is the position of the Irish Democracy ^ They sow , they reap , they labour hard with body and bwin , to make the earth and its produc tions useful to society , and receive as reward insult , injury , wretchedness , and death , while a few idlers carry off the benefits . We ask you , then , should such things be ? Tour feelings , reason , judgment , and justice answer no . Then , for your own sakes , advance another stepand boldly , emphaticallv , and openly , in the faceof
the worse than Egyptian taskmaster , say , it shall be so no longer . " Tell them you know that labour has a dignity it is in vain for them to attempt to destroy—that it is entitled to its due reward , and must be no longer burdened with the support of idleness—that you will not be content to receive a scanty allowance , scarcely , suffie ' ent to keep together body and soul , but that , as a toiler , you are entitled to thc comforts and happiness of life—you demand them aa a right—that you not only proclaim the knowledge of your privileges , but also your determination to have them .
Is there any wrong in informing them that their oppressive rule must cease ? la there any wrong in telling the world that thc labourer is a more honourable , and . by far a more useful person than the idler , and is therefore more deserving support ? Is ifc a crime to instruct yourself in the knowledge of thc liberties so long unjustly withheld from yoa ? And having become thoroughly acquainted with them , is it infidelity to stand by them until death has put an end to , or victory shed its brilliant light on , your exertions to possess them ? Who would expect the ravenous wolf to yield its prey unless driven off by force ? And why should we be foolish enough to expect an insatiable wolfish despotism will ever accede to ns the power which
prevented them from plundering , until fear has made his home in their guilty bosoms ? When we are in a position to male ourselves feared , then , and no t till then , will we be free . We call upon you , then , to put yourselves in that position , by becoming united—by responding to the call of your brother Democrats in Dublin , who have formed themselves into an Association for the furtherance of those desirable objects , who are firmly resolved that notwithstanding any or all opposition , in spite of threats and ridicule , in the teeth of avowed enemies and pretended friends , and not having the fear of open force before their eyes , and bavin ? in their hparts an utter detestation for the
unmanly , unprincipled , and contemptible artifices of packed cliques and self-interested . agitators , they will go on in a steady , Btraightforward manner , to the goal qf their wishes and their hopes . ; The Association is no private speculation affair , got up to advance the interests of individuals , therefore expect not the sublime balderdash of spouters by _ trade . Oor motto is ,. ' « ^ Vobks , not Words . But when we do venture to address you ,, our W ' r n Sh and unpolished as they may be , shall always possess the redeeming . qualities of truth and sincerity . Expeclfnot , then , ' the frothy orations of paid speech-makers , nor the company of certain drawing-room respectables , who look on labour ' s touch as contamination , and would shrink with pain
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from the fraternal gmp of the hardtfsted . nien who gather round our council tables , , and assemble at our public meetings . It was riot to win the languid smile of effeminacy , but the valuable support of our fellow-men-it was not . to obtain popularity , but "f" ° 7 , Vl not t 0 ™ Wfilch the character , of ?{ S ! f ? raoveevery calumny , resist every insinuation , and repel every attack on our own . It ii'Y t ^ pui > I > o ; e bf vindicfltin g tho character of & £% T *<«* establishing their- claims to omdrotogethci to battk
C ? iiu ^ trfii ' - « ^ SS " ^^^ dignity of labour , we demand our privileges , and ask you to givo us your support , and the demand becomes in-esiitiblb . With a JSited Democracy a powWis created , established , and maintained , whwh . - would make tyranny , in any form , "fear and tremble » -a power which' golJ cannot purchase , threats intimidate , nor force destroy , and would place you in the enjoyments of thc privileges of human bein » s .
What cause can there bethen for hesitation ? You are made m the . iniago of God as well as your oppressors . Wh y will you allow His image in your person to bo trampled oh by thoso who havo no other title than their heartlessness-and remember , that He helps those . Who help themselves . Shake ott the apathy and indifference which is fast sinking you deeper m degradation and suffering . Be men ! Wait not ior the power of a few individuals to extricate you . If you-. do , you may wait until the " crack of dawn " and not be a -whitbetter off .
, ^ v * * ^ V ^* 4 * ^ V ¦ ¦ • ¦ y m ^^ ^ H ^ rf 4 ^ # ' ¦ ¦ Listen . not to their balmy nonsense of " petitioning , nnd so forth . Tell such hypocrites to leave the way-that you will do your own work-and that freedom must be won by stronger stuff ihan sheets oftoolsoap . Cast aside all petty differences , and triuingjealousies . Bc no longer careless to your own interests , but unite and show the bol < l front ol determined men , whom not all the power that may be directed against them , shall turn from tho completion o . f then- work—Linoun ' s kmanch'ATio . v . . Thomas Mofsbt , Chairman of Committee ,
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¦ ¦ : ' : •'• ¦ ¦ MONDAY , Mat 6 . HOUSE OF LORDS .-Thb OAsiBimmre Sisecuiffi . —Tb . eArchbiihop . of Canterbury alluded to the imputations that had been thrown out against him " elsewhere , " for having nominated his son to the reversion of the Rcgistrarship of the Canterbury Prerogative Court . His grace explained that tlio office to which his son stood in succession was by no mean ' s a sinecure , and . that in 1 S 47 an act had passed placing'that , among a mass of similar offices , under the control of parliament ; and therofovo in nominating his relation to the reversionary I enjoyment of that appointment , he simply provided for him ah office regarding which tho Legislature- ' had' undertaken to apportion its emoluments to the duties performed . Ho did not think ' , therefore , . that His conduct was open to tho censure it had suffered under .
Tho Bishop of London' corroborated the statement , of , tho Archbishop , aud called the attention of tho houso to the manner in which his Grace had filled up the office of registrar in the diocese of Chester as conclusive against any charge of nepotism . ' ¦ New ' Ecoixsiastioal Tribunal—Thc Bishop of Losdon brought in ; i Bill to Amend the Administration of Justice in her Majesty ' s Privy Council in I all cases of appeal on questions . of false doctrine , heresy , and schism . Tho bill did not proposoto do away , with the Judicial Committee of tho l ? rivy Councilas a tribunal of appeal ; but only directed certain references to be made in questions of anneal in cases of false doctrine .
CoLLiEnr Accidents . —Lord Wiiauxclippe presented a petition from a largo number of miners in the north of England , praying their lordships to give them further legislative assistance and relief tu their dangerous occupations . Ho mWit say that no class' of men in . her Majesty ' s dominions were better entitled to the consideration of thc Legislature . The petitioners commenced by describing tho various'dangers to which they wore exposed , and Ire was afraid that , do what , ho would , their avocation must always remain full of danger . The very nature of their occupations led to most disastrous occurrences ; but if any causes for those occurrences were allowed to exist ; which could be removed by hotter ventilation and regulation of thc
mines , and if injuries were occasioned either by the parsimony or neglect of the proprietor of the mines , it was not unfitting for tlio Legislature to interfere on behalf of the parties whose liability to danger was thus fearfully increased ., In locking to tho amount of accidents ' within tho last few years , he tv . is sorry to find that they had been very much on tho increase . In 183 S thc number of lives lostwas 349 ; in 1840 , 499 ; in 1845 , 5 G 2 ; in mi , 4 G 2 ; in 1848 , 470 ; and in 1 S-19 , 704 . The petitioners referred in their petition io the various inquiries which had been made by parliament , and certain public bodies in tho north , ' into tho grievances under whichthey suffered ; and it appeared to him not a little remarkable that from all these various inquiries was elicited one universal declaration that tho evils - were such that redress ought to be instantly applied to them . He pointed to tho experience oi
. jseigium in adopting precautions against loss of life as ' . deserving attention ; and having adverted to the largo proportion of accidents hf this country attributable to defective ventilation , he referred to the prayer of tho petition ,- that parliament should take steps to increase thc amount of security against accidents in mines . Ho differed , in some degree , however , from tho petitioners with respect to the mode of affording that security ; and , having expressed his objections to tho imposition of regulations by compulsion , as tending to lay tho responsibility on the persons exercising the compulsion , he intimated his preference for a syptem which should increase rather than diminish the direct responsibility of those who were concerned' in the management of the mines . In conclusion , lie inquired whether the report of the commission Avas not ready ?
Earl Geanvilm was understood to reply that tho report was in preparation . . Tho Pariah Constables Bill was read a second time . The Process and Practice ( Ireland ) Bill was committed pro forma for-the insertion of amendments . HOUSE OF COiIMONS .-AusTnAi . tts , Colosies . —On the order of the day for the consideration of the Australian Colonies Bill as amended in committee , . Sir W . Moieswoiitii moved that the bill ho recommitted / for the purpose of omitting- ' all clauses which empower the Colonial Office to disallow colonial laws , to-cause colonial bills to be reserved and to instruct colonial governors as to their
conduct in the local . affairs of the colonies , and for the purpose of adding clauses defining Imperial and colonial powers . Tho bill , ho observed , raised two questions—first , as to what- was the best form of government for tho Australian colonies ; secondlya point not yet discussed—what amount of self-government these- colonies ouahfc to possess , and what extent of control should bo retained by the Colonial Office . Lord John Russell had declared that thc colonies should enjoy the greatest amount of selfgovernment consistent with the unity and integrity of the empire ; but this bill did not give them that amount of self-government , ' and he proceeded to show that under this bill tho . Colonial Office would exercise a mischievous right of interference with the management of the oolonies . Tho colonial parliaments , ho maintained , ought to be invested with
all legislative powers , except those which were Imperial , and the question was , how to define these several powers so as to prevent the colonial from kenching upon the Imperial ; and ho proposed to do this by enumerating those powers and prerogatives , which , were Imperial , as being most easily defined , and by declaring all others colonial , under certain restrictions and limitations . Mr . Laboucheiie admitted that ifc was for the true interests of the ' colonies tha t the management of their local concerns should be left to them , and that Imperial control should be retained only for the protection of Imperial interests . His objection to the motion was not , therefore , to . the object of Sir W Aloloswoi'th , but because ho was convinced that his machinery , so far from effecting that object , would introduco nothing but confusion and " discontent into tho colonies .
After a discussion the motion was negatived . Mr . Gladstone then moved the insertion of a clause empowering tho bishop , clergy , and laity of tuo Church of England in any colonial diocese to meet , and by mutual consent make regulations for the conduct of their ecclesiastical affairs , ouarding the enactment with various provisos . ¦ Premising that the Established Church , as it existed in these colonies , did not rest upon any intelligible or rational principle but was rather calculated to create impediments to law and order , and to disturb men ' s minds , he explained the nature of the enactments he
proposed , and tho anomalies and evils they were intended to remedy , the state of tho large religious community belonging to the Church of England in Rew South Wales and Van Diemon ' s Land , being as far as ecclesiastical law . was concerned , one of complete and total anarchy . If the objection to his proposition was the difficulty of its working in practice , all ho could say was , let Parliament , remtivo those impediments which lay in tho way of members of tho Church , of England in the colonic 3 which other religious communities did not meet with — impediments which arose out of colonial , not Imperial law . r
' Mr . Labouciieiie strongly objected to tho very principle of the . proposition , which was to engraft upon this bill an ecclesiastical system ¦ involving points of great importance . Mr . Gladstone would * establish a synod for certain purposes , independent of tho Imperial-Parliament and of the local Le » islatures , empowered to make regulations which sh ' ould nave the force of laws obligatory upon members of the Church of England in tho colonies . This proposition was also negatived on a division by 187 to 102 . Clauses moved ' by Mr ! Asstey and Mr . "Wyi . d , tho motions not being seconded , fell to the ground ; others were deferred until tho third reading , and the bill as amended was agreed to .
The Distressed Unions Advances and Repayment of Advances ( Ireland ) Bill , tho Defects in Leases Act Amendment Bill , and the Tenants at Rack-rent Relief Bill , wero each road a third time and passed . The Registration of Deeds ( Ireland ) Bill went through committee . The Convict Prisons Bill and the Public Health ( Ireland ) Bill wero both read a second time . Sir . W . Someuvillv : obtained leave to bring in a bill to consolidate the acts regulating the proceedings in potty sessions and tho duties of justices out of quarter sessions in Ireland . The other business having been disposed of , tho House adjourned at a quarter past twelve o ' clock -..: TUESDAY , May 7 th .
. HOUSE-OP LqRDS . Thi 8 House sat for a short time-and adjourned at an early hour after disposing of some routine business WESZ f ? MMONS -r ^ vE ' RTiSEMEI ) T Dm . ^ £ ? i ? t ¦ ' ter , pvc f L tln S a mass of petitions , praying for a repeal of the advertisement dutj proposed a resolution to that effect . He chari ^ tensed the tax as . peculiarly and universally injurious in its operation . It formed a burden upon thc interchange of ideas , of information , and of commodities ; interfering with tho business transactions of every class ,, whether agricultural , comrcial
me , litterary , or artistic . It was , moreover , unjust in its incidence , mulcting the poorest adverwser . m . exactly the same . amount as . the richest , and . falling exclusively upon the newspaper press , leaving tlio announcements in books , vevicwB , or upon travelling placard carts wholly untouched . The ' embarrassment caused by those fetters upon publicity / the honourable member illustrated by . the largo increase in newspapers and advertisements consequent upon the reductions conceded in 1833 and 1837 , in duty and stamps ; as well as by the enormous superiority in multitude still manifested
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A Liver Complaint oubed hi Hollowas ' s- Pius . —Extract of a letter from John M'Lcan Ferguson , Esq ., dated Melbourne , PortPhilip , May 9 , 1819 . ' To Professor , Hoiloway , —Sir , —I had been afflicted nearly ' tiro years with tho liver complaint , accompanied with'flying pains in my shoulders , ; dimness of sight , and difficulty of breathinij After expending upwards of 201 . in medicines without finding any relief , I was induced to try your tills an , i ^ their use and strict attention to the prescribed regimen I am effectually cured . Grateful for the same , 1 publish this statement in the hope that others bo afflicted mav have recourse to your invaluable medicine , and therebv derire similar benefit . ' J
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by the untaxed press of America . As it was impossible to make this tax just , by the introduction of tho ad valomm principle j and as its amount was comparatively trifling , realizing only £ 157 , 600 a year , he contended that the best course was to abrogate it entirely . Mr . Milner Gibson seconded the motion . . Mr . TnELAwNY opposed the motion , partly on the ground that he had himself a motion on the paper tor devoting surplus revenue to pay off tho national
debt , and partly because the advertisement tax was paid by tho consumers . The OiiASOELiou of tho ExcnEQCBU briefly referred to tho reasons ho had already repeatedly urged against any further remission of taxes this session . Unagreed that tho duty was objectionable , and might bo sometimes unjust , but he preferred to alleviate the burdens that pressed upon industry and consumption , or interfered with tho health of thc lower classes . He appealed to tho house not to fritter away the resources of the nation .
Mr . Home classed tho advertisement duty among the severest burdens upon industry . Ho thought ie Legislature ought to override thc dictum of the . Chancellor of tho Exchequer . To relieve industry was far better than to pay oif debts , and retrenchment was tho certain moans of securing that , ol'ject . Mr . Ewaiit replied , and tho bouse divided . Fer thomotion ... 30 Against 20 S-1 C 9 .. TouunktmkxBakbgs . —I ' otitions praying that measures might he taken for improving tho sanitary condition of journeymen bakers wero presented by Lord Guosvkxok , by Mr . Osisorxe , and by Lord D . Stuart , from various districts of tho metropolis , and by Mr . CoffAs and Mr . Duncan , from Lsith and other places ;
: Lord II . Grosvkxok said , the motion he # a 3 about to admit to the house was one which appealed to the best feelings of tho heart . Ho had on a former occasion explained the grievances of which tbe journeymen bakers complained , and he could not believe that any serious objection would bo made to his proposal . When he ' first brought forward the subject he moved for a committee to inquire into the sanitary condition of the journeymen bakers . To that motion the Homo Secretary replied , that as papers on tlio subject had been laid upon the table , there , was no necessity fov inquiring into matters which would bo clearly developed in those papers . The right lion , member for the University of Oxford then said ho vrovild
prefer seeing a remedy opplied by a bill , rather than that the subject should bo referred to a committee . Last year he ( Lord 11 . Grosvcnor ) moved fur leave to bring in : i bill to prohibit laliour in bakehouses during certuin hours of the night . The evils under which the mim laboured wiire admitted , and it was not attempted to be proved that thc . remedy proposed would not bo efficient , but a certain set of phrase 3 wero strung together , and all sorts of evil pvophesiod from the working , of such a bill , and leave was rofused .-Tho petitioners whose petitions ho had prosented stater ! that they had considered the arguments used against the proposed bill , aid believed the majority of the house were undev a complete
misconception as to the effects it would produce , and they prayed for a' committee of inquiry . The Home Secretary had admitted that thoro might be a case upon the sanitary ground , and ho ( Lord R . Grosvenoi-J proposed how to delegate to a committee of inquiry whether the state of tho bakehouses was not extremely prcjudical to health , — tl'Ose houses in which the food of the people was nvepared . ( Hear , hear . ) It was complained that they -were in such a state a 3 to injure not only the persons working , but the bread made there , —an article liable to he effected by the air that was around it ; and every one who ' had seen the
horrid dens in which the greatest part of the bread was prepared in this town , and the dirty state of those who had to prepare it , would concur in thinking that some sanitary regulations wero necessary . ( Hear , hear . ) If there were no other reason for a committee , ifc would satisfy the men themselves , who must know whether they wero suffering , and must to bnst acquainted with their own trade . ( Hear . ) Ho hoped ho should not make this apl peal in vain . Ho begged-to . move for a select committee to inquire whether any measures could be taken to improve the sanitary condition of the journeymen bakers . ¦
SirG . Guey would hare been glad if ho could have felt it consistent with his duty to agree to tho motion , but the objections he had had to ur <* e on former occasions remained unremoved . Ho felt the force of thc argument urgud on those occasions- by several gentlemen , that it was inexpedient to grant committees of inquiry founded upon such petitions unless the house had some clear and definitive conception of legislative measures , that might be founded upon tlio rnport of such a committee ( Hear . ) "When the noblo lord moved for a committee of inquiry two years ago , he was met by tho argument that the evidence upon tho subject of the condition of the pnfsonRin this trade was taken before the Sanitary Commission . Statements vo . rv ™ i nf « i
to read were made , and ifc was impossible to deny that tnosc persons wero subject to very serious eviis in the prosecution of tho business in which thev were employed ; but tho remed y proposed by the noble lord was rejected by a very large majority because it was felt that it would not only be violatine the principles of political economy , but that it would be impossible to enforce it , nnd that if we proceeded to legislate for this trade , there was no reason why wo should not !> o asked to legislate with reeard to others . Ho ( SirG . Grey ) believed , as he had ' said before , that arrangements might be made between employers and men , by mutual consent , which would tend to remedy many of the evils complained ef ; ami that by looking to Parliament the parties were diverting their attention from the moans by " . i ? ii 3 : ?^! Hf tain a ™ y- . (^ ar . ) The petitioners asked for
an opportunity of pvovhur before a committee that the house was wrong in rejecting the motion of last year ; but that was matter lor tho house , not for a committee . ( Hear ) The noble lord had pointed to sanitary measures ; if any peculiar sanitary measures were necessary as applicable to this-trade ,-they might be taken under powers already , subsisting , or new powers infant be asked fov from Parliament ; but Parliament had all the information which would enable it to legislate if legislation was desirable . Ho ( Sir G . Grey ) had always avowed his opinion , that legislation would not accomplish the object the parties had in view and that the bill sisked for would be inoperative and have no practical effect . To agreo to the motion would bo acting contrary to principle , only to in . , sure ultimate disappointment . Participating in the benevolent desiro of the noblo lord , he must with great vegvet , object to the appointment of tho
Mr . Stafford thought the parties would consider that their case had not been fairly met . If the petitions of the working classes were to encounter a ^ refusal even to inquiro into the grievances of which they complained , or to allow them to state before- a committee that there could be a remedy , tho right hon . gentleman need not apprehend that other trades would come with their claims ; but experience , whether here or elsewhere , should not lead the House to turn a deaf oar to such complaints . ( Hoar , hear . ) It would not bo likely to attach the working classes to thc legislation of this
country it they supposed that , under tho guise' of philosophy and oertam dogmatic rules , the House of Commons desired to conceal their inabilitv to deal with the evils of a social complex system and if Parliament made thcmfeolthat it wo ' uld do nothine for them , in the long run they would think it extremely desirable to do a great deal more for themselves than Parliament would wish . If other trades came forward , lot each case be considered on its own mems ; no other trado had come forward in such nuinlicrs . The question was one of the health si' port fcotioT fell 0 ™^ > «* ^ should
Mr . Bright then followed , whose speech will be . found m Mr . O ' Connor ' s letter . Lord D . Stuart had not heard a single reason why tho oommjttee moved for should be refused It had been said that no good could possibly result from giving Themselves the trouble of eoin * throu " h a fresh investigation bv the means of a ^ commit e ° e Wai it any reason that justice should not be done to those poor men that they had friends who sup . ported their came , through the agency of the public press ? Was it a reason when poor people wero oppressed that they should be further op . pressed because sonic persons wero found to take up their cause ? Surely , when people had aright to demand a redress of grievances , the best way was to solicit , and if possible obtain , the support 1 of the public press . The peaceful agitation which the press created was evidently the most
advantageous mode of gaming any legitimate object : in public affair * . Thero might bo hundreds , peihaps thousands , employed as bakers . Of this there could bo no doubt , that petitions on the subject came from , all parts of tho kingdom . Ho would nsk , then , when thousands wero dependent for their health and morals on tho legislation of that house respecting tho present subject , when the lives of those men were in danger of being shortened by tho presei t defective state of the law , would the house deliberately refuse to grant an inqu'ry ? Thori <» ht lion , baronet the Home Secretary had -told them that all tho information which could possibly be outamea tne
on supjeec was aireardy before them but how could ho or anyone assert that a ererfc deal of information might not yet be obtained ' He should not detain the House longer than to say that he had resolved to give his noble friend all tha support in his power on this subject ™ Mr G . Thompson said he felt himself called upon to take sumo notice of what had fallen from tha hon . member for Manchester . He £ d himsdf beeS accused of being somewhat , too muoh of . a political economist , but if he could imagine that the acienoa of political economy necessarily led to such opinions as those expressed by tho ton . member for Manchester , it would gveatly alter his sentiment
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= 3 = . The following extracts are taken from one of the editorial articles in the Irishman , headed
REPRESENTATIVE NATIONS . Whenever liberty , having passed her minority amved at fun age , and sat down to reign over man in a goodly maturity , shall send l * er inspired penman to write her biography and to trace the gradual progress by which civilisation ia one stage chained in another liberated , and in the last crowned her as tlic dominant idea which is at once tlie political aim and tho permanent basis of society , the historian will find himself everlastingly reverting to Prance and '• seeking there for the great well , head , and fsuritain of those resolutions , which , spreading over Europe , first excited attention , then shoo £ monarchy , and ultimately established freedom '
Wo havo run through the two first stages , the last approaches . ' The great fugleman of Christendom , the-electric telegraph of riations points sternly to coming storms . Eucaladus prepares once more to turn his weary side and heave and toss anew the highest mountain tops of society . We may guess from the former two convulsions what tho coming one prepares for Europe . What notes of joyous exultation -will riso by the Danube and the Spree , by the Thames and the Nova , when the red ca ; p of liberty is oaee more tossed heavenward to the shrill battle song of martial Gaul . The Revolution of lSiS , and its satelite outbreaks in neighbouring countries ., wero but the premonitory symptoms of monarchic consumption .
Democracy up to that time was a conspiracy skulking in holes aud by-eorners , and midnight meeting places . It exists now as areoogniscd idea , governing the greatest and most military people , for the laBt threo hundred years « xtant . ¦¦ •;'•¦ In the election of Louis Napoleon tho French committed a great and double blunder . . They chose a man without stability of character , engaged now in the most rash and romantic , again in the most frivolous pursuits . Their new President had hone of thoso antecedents which indicate the st ? rn honesty of tho Republican chief . ¦ Ho was , in fact , only daring in his ambition , in all other respects ho was a punny and a vacillating mediocrity . BuUheve waB a still moro fatal and dangerous error in the choice of his shadow of a by-gone name . Louis Napoleon was the' direct lineal heir of thc Emperor , according to a deed of settlement
executed by thc elder Napoleon . In this respect his election by the Republicans of France was ' - ' easily construed into a protest against tho Republic itself , and a recognition of imperial legitimacy . Hence the partisans of Napoleonists generally , and the despotic faction through Europe looked upon tho elevation of theheii" of the old Emperor to the presidential chair as but a decent mask for the restoration of monarchy in some one of its phases . The President Prince was equally deceived , ho thought the seven millions of votes which called him to the first magistracy would equally hail , by acclaim , his seizure of the purple and the sceptre . So far did this delusion prevail that tho President ' s prime confidant for the time , General Changarnier , as publicly as insolently exclaimed , shortly after the election , that "he could establish the empire as easily as he could buy a pound of sugar plums . "
The present state of insecurity in Franco does not arise from republican institutions , or from thc practical regime of the sovereign people , but from the underhand attempts to overthrow the one and subvert the other . ' ; - The free men of France havo had to contend against the moral hostility of tho world . Established monarchy , realised property , and realised capital , were all concentrated into one heavy battery to play upon and breach tho republican institutions of France . They hated ifc for its own existence , and they feared it for its example . We can very well understand the rancour of tho
London Times , and the minor vassals of tho press that go Vith it . Theiv manufactured correspondence and falsified reports are fully appreciated . . But , despite of all , France lives—lives in her republic , and loves ifc . She stands as the great exemplar of groaning Europe . In her fearful . death-grapple with foreign hostility and domestic treason , she beckons to the groaning myriads of Europe , and , with the voice of necessity , nature , and hope , she cries— " Come on , brethren ; on to the victory of freedom ; cm to the triumph of justice , the downfall of'oppression , and the crowning of the sovereign people . " ' . . : ..
And . on they will come . Already the dust rises in dusky clouds beneath the feet of enthusiastic myriads , marching to the capital a : id . temple of Democracy . Old things are passed away ; former systems have become an impossibility . We cannot , if we would , tolerate them ; either they must perish themselves , or they must oxtirpate"the ' race . So far we have dealt only with that whioh may be called sentimental republicanism ; but in the current history of France there is a still deeper topic which claims attention , and we certainly havo no intention of slurring it over .
The men whose blood bought the glories of France , and whose bodies built up the barricades of the revolution , wero not soldiers of a name . Thoy sought something more than the fancif ul privilege of recording a vote at stated periods . They demanded , and they fought for , and bled for republicanism reduced to practice , worked out to the results of a healthier tone of society , less public profligacy , lightened burdens , more' equable laws , and , as a consequence , increased comfort and increasing prosperity . ¦ ¦• - •• ¦ ' ••' They believed that misery was not thc natural or the divinely-destined portion of man , and thoy saw that it was his existing condition . They , therefore , concluded that sooiety was the victim of systematic crime , and they , sought the republic not as an end , but as an engino to rectify that crime . Thev
hnlievod , and believed . wisely , that for communal evils tho proper remedy lies in communal laws . Having made a government for themselves , thev expected it would legislate for their benefit . Hence the struggle bptween tho executive and tho people—between those who would maintain the old social cancer and those who would justify naturo bv proving that thc elevation of man was possible . * Out-door combinations have been formed to influence , and , if necessary , to coerce tho administration and tho legislature to the discharge of their respective dutio 3 . These combinations havo obtained the name of " Socialism , " and arc painted mi a d colours of an earthly pandemonium . The Socialists are described as anarchists , because they denounce a system that crushes the niany for the benefit of the few
. ' , Europe is adopting the broad principles introduced and advocated by the Socialist school . They arc just , and will make way . Interested patriots may oppose , and prejudiced politicians may denounce , but the day has come for the people ' s cause , and , ere long , the beacon fires from the battlements of Paris shall , as in 1848 , again call the masses of Christendom to gird themselves for the fight . . . . ¦ Ere " long the magic word "arise" will bo rung out by the Gallic tocsin ; it will fall here on ready aud welcome ears . " Ready , aye , ready , " is now the motto of tho Irish " mob . " We , too , bear wrongs , and feel their wants . We , too , have been oppressed in the name of Constitutions , and havo been ground into gross servility , under the form of liberty ; and we , too , will right ourselves .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 11, 1850, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1573/page/7/
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