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CAPABILITIES OR TWO ACRES Am ; A QUARTER 0 ^ LA 1 SP . ; , ( From the Morning Chronicle . ) We ; beg to direct the attention o £ oar readers to the Mowing letter addressed to the master of the Giultcross Workhouse by Miss Hartiaeau . It describes the result of a plan of cultivation and cpwkeeping originally suggested to herby him , by means ofjwhich she has been enabled to maintain tw ^ cows oh about two acres and a quarter of land . The account given , by « us accomplishedlady of the success of her experiment will , we are sure , be a ; ead with great interest : — ; i AmblesideJan ! 251850 CAPABILITIES DF TWO HfTTr" iUTTI
..... . . . . ¦ M ? **** Sit—I am happy to furnish ; the account jqu wish Mr . Bowyer to have of my small attempt at farming . I should have desired to defer it for a 2 l" lvro ' *>* been Mr . Borer ' s object or C Of l , T ? what B the P « un' « 7 P rofit or £ ? o c «* : « pmgon ay plan , for this plan has been in full operation Httle more than half ' a jear . But , as I understand , Mr . Bowyer ' a object is to see now a certain amount of labour , waiting for employment , can be best made available ; and , on my par t , my scheme is owing to the peculiarity of the district in wnicn I live , what 1 want to gain is not pecuniary profit , but comfort , while ; at the same « nxe , I cannot afford to lose by my : experiment ¦ MM ^^ «¦* . 4 WWW " 3 I r T ; V 4 UH «« HVMff There
are months of the year ( and exactly the months when my friends come to see me / when I CMnot be sure Of bsingable to bay enough of meat , milk and cream , and vegatablea for my table ; and the vegetables , and milk and cream , can rarely be bad good at any season of the year .: If , without loss , I can provide myself with hams and bacon , fowls and egg 3 , Vegetables ( except winter potatoes , ) butter and cream , I shall be amply satisfied , a 3 far as considerations of the purse go . A much higher consideration is , that if I can make my plan succeed ; it provides for the maintenance of two honest people , who might otherwise have bad no prospect but of the workhouse iu their old age , and in all seasons of pressure meanwhile . i ¦
My land amounts in the whole to less than two acres and a quarter ; and , of this , part is mere loci ; and a good dealis occupied by the house and terrace , the drive , and some planted portions . A year and a half ago , a little more than an acre of it , in grass , was let for £ i 10 s . a year , to a tenant who kept a cow upon it . This tenant never took the slightest care of the pasture , and it became so lumpy and foal as to be an eyesore from the house . I paid more than six guineas a year to aa occasional gardener
, who could not even keep things neat in the time he gave to it , much less render my gfonnd productive . If I wanted a ham , I had sometimes to pay £ 1 for it , and for eggs ! paid during three months of the year a Id . a piece . I never saw cream worthy of the name ; and had to get butter from a distance . la the midst of this state of things , it occurred to me that it mi ght be worth trying whether my land would not produce such comfort as I wanted , without increased expense .
Having satisfied myself tbatit was worth a trial , 1 wrete to you to inquire whether your union would despatch hither a labourer whom yon conld recommend . Besides that we are underhanded in this district , I knew that ray neighbours would laugh at me for proposing to keep a cow and pig on my own land , when the rule of the district is , that it takes three acres to keep a cow , and when it is the custom for one man to undertake the charge of as many acres of land as yon please , and my neighbours did laugh for a time . They said that I was paying at the rate of sixpence a quart for milk ; they asked how I conld possibly find employment for a man on two acres of ground ; they charged me first with
cruelty to my cows , in not letting them range on the fell ; and then of fatting them . Some , however , saw the importance of the experiment in the way of example , and have encouraged me throughout . 1 do not yet affirm that the experiment will answer , but I believe that it will ; and I am syre that the comfort of my little household is prodigiously increased by it . I do not forget bow our success- mainly depends on the choice you made of a farm servant for me . He is a man of extraordinary industry and cleverness , as well as rigid honesty . His ambition is roused ; forhefcnows that the snecess of the experiment mainly depends on himself . He h living in comfort , and laying by a little money , and he looks so happy that it would truly grieve me to have to give up ;
though I have no donbt that he would immediately find work at good wages in the neighbourhood . His wife and he had saved enough to pay their journey thither out of Norfolk . I give him twelve shillings a-week all the year round . His wife earns something by occasionally helping in the bouse , by assisting in my washing , and by taking in washing when she can get it . I allow her the use of my washhonse , copper , &c-, on condition that the copper is kept clean for the boiling of the cow-food in winter . I built them an excellent cottage , of the stone of the district , for which they pay one shilling and sixpence per week . They know that they could not get such another off the premises for five ponudsayear .
Besides the cotfege and wash-house , I had to build a cow-bouse , pig-house ( fcr it is not a stye , ) a poultry-yard , and hay-house . I consider these wider the head of investment , not expenditure . I could let them , with , the land , at any time , if I cnose to give op covr-keeping . Li planning the turning np of ' my ground for spade cultivation , I went on the supposition of keeping only one cow ; aad for seven months we kept only one . But I considered the inconvenience of
the cow being dry for three months out of the twelve ; and that there was room in the . stable fora second , and little more trouble in keeping two than one ; andaprety certain market among my neighbours for whatever butter and milk I mi ght have to sell . So I bought a spring calver' as companion to the ' autumn calver , ' and we find that we very nearly maintain thembothon little more than threequarters of an acre of grass , and less than half an acre of garden . The second cow pays her way by ier manure and milk . , ..
. Our first consideration was the manure . It is as true with relation to our small concerns as to a greater , that ' the more manure , the more green crops ; the more green crops , the more stock ; the more stock , the more manure . ' There are two tanks , well flagged and cemented , well : closed , so that not a drop can oozs out . One is connected with the house , and the other with the cottage and cow . hiuse , receiving all their drainageof every kind . A barrel on wheels stands at the back door to receive all the slops , soapsuds , cabbage water ; . &c , and this liquid manure is wheeled away , and applied where it is wanted . There is a compost pit at the back of the kitchen-garden ; and a compost heap
behind Borne yonng trees at tha bottom of the field . What with the clippings , and wedgines , and sweepings , and nothing being . wasted , the pit being kept clean , and the cow-house swept out twice a day , we have abundance of manure ( without buying any whatever , } which accounts for the abundance of our crops thus far . - One instance of my servant ' s passion for economy araased me so much that , it seems worth telling you . Early one morning , returning from my walk , 1 looked in upon my pig , just when his breakfast was approaching in another direction . I said to Robert , ' I think piggy looks very well , only that he -wants a washing . ' ' Yes , ma ' am / said Robert , 'that will be to-morrow . To-morrow is
washing day , and the suds will wash the pig first , and then be as good , and better , for manure ; and then the soap serves three times over . ' . - < .. . Our available ground ia—of pasture , three roods twenty-three perches ; and of tilled ground , one rood fifteen perches .... There . are besides about twenty-six perches of grass in the little plantation , orchard , and "lope , which yield some fresh grass when mowed in summer . I shail turn up a little more ground this sprmgin order to provide completely for the main £ 2 Sfv t 0 W 8 ' ^ lcannotencroach much morejmthe grass , on account of the views from f ^ SSl . XL ** *" . « should give oar which
v V Z fT n ' » the mo * elpensive ' lands of pod Our soilis good ; neither very rich Dorveryhght ; laymgat varUm 3 d ths ^ JJ stone .. Much of our newl y-du * portion was full nf stones . Our neighbours adviseiSTcS ftem up again , bot we judge differently , i thought we augbtaswell make drains ci [ the new p&th . wiy 8 We must have ; so , b y deep digging , we obtained drains and tha large stones were thus disposed of Some more were carted out to mend tL e roads , aad when my servant was in despair , at there being yet more it occurred to him to dig out good earth from ' corners of the plantation , and supply its place with stones . He actually dug . pits breast deep for this
parpose . His digging for crops was not less than two spits deep , dog straight down , and the whole , was richly manured . The gronnd being ready , our method is this . ¦ - . In August vf « soi ? cabbage wed , and by the end
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otSeptembwwebegiu to set out the young plants , about 400 per weeS , fof " sa weeksTto'Secure ^ nccession . ¦/ We ; set' tbem' in ^ rows , the' plants being eighteenHochesapMt , and the rows a yard * apart ; InMarchand April we sow swedes and beets in alternate rows between the rows of cabbagta , liy the time we are beginning to cut ' the' cabbage ? , the turnips and beets are past the danger pf the fly , and may be thinned—the removal of the cabbages letting in air and sunshine . , We also keep a portion of ground for Belgian carrots , which afford excellent cow food . We succeeded less ] with these this year than with onr other crops , from their not nf iriiirrii 1 i-r ^ r' -rniiiiiiiil inn n liniiii
being sufficiently thinned . But wei . had'twenty-five stone of there , and four or five carrots perday were very acceptable to the cows . By tV ' end cf March the cows can get a bite in the pasture , and the mowings of the grass in the orchafd , &c ., are brought to tbem . fresh . While the pasture is shut up for bay the cabbages begin to ripen . They weigh from 4 lbs . to 121 bs ., and each cow eats about eighteen per day . This is their food frq ' m June to November , with such grazing as they get after our bay-making , and a handful or two per day of Indian meal , scalded and given with their , grass . The pasture having been well manured in the
winter and wonderfully retrieved h ' yi good care yielded more than a ton and a half of the finest hay This year , I think , I shall try for a second crop ; as we have abundance of manure . Bat I last year 1 bad half the pasture hurdled off , and the cows let out / or some time every finely to graze , the one half for onefortmght , and the other the next . Bv the time the grass and the cabbages ' wire done , we had laid in less than we hope to produce this year , but a fair amount of crops . For ttie cows one and a half ton of hay , , twenty . five stone of Belgian carrots , and at least ten hundred weight of swedes and beet . . •¦
We laid out too much of our ground for honse-Joid vegetables , having had a surplus after the following supply : —Kne green peas—from the 12 th of June till the middle of September—peas , lettuces , radishes , spinach , turnips and carrots , and onions , enough for the whole winter—five : ' or six stone of early potatoes , vegetable marrow , a few cucumbers , abundance of cauliflowers , brocolf , and cabbages , and plenty of rhubarb and gooseberries . A strawbeny bed is laid out , too , and we are to have plenty of apples , and pears , and cherries ,. and- damBons , hereafter . " We used enough green vegetableslor a family of five persons for the whole , summer and autumn . . -..--: ¦ - ; - ¦ .. .: ' '
The average yield of the cow 3 is ' ahout ten quarts per flay eacb , i . e . abaut four pounds" of butter per week . The skimmed milk is eagerly bought , being asgbod as Iflsedtb buy for new milk .: The buttermilk improves our bread and cakes very . mucH , land the pigs have what . we do not use ! ' The cows give sixteen quarts per day for some time after calving , and . are dry for about three months before .- One cow calved in- October , and we sold the calf ( a cowcalfjfor a guinea at the end of' a fortnight . "The same cow is , to calve agaia in September , and the other in May , and thus a continued supply of milk ls . provided fori ¦'; We kill two pies in a year , and
selling half each time get our . hams and as . rauch bacon as we want for little or ' nothing .. What we have to buy is three barrels of Indian meal in a year ( at an average of 16 s . each , ) some of which weiise ourselves for puddings and cakes , and which goes far towards feeding " the fowls ; . a few trusses '• of wheat-straw after harvest ( when it is cheapest ) to chop ^ and mix with the / cows * boiled turniptfood in : winter , a , few pennyworths of grains per week and two or itbree loads of , turnips after midsummer , and . perhaps a little ( but a very little ) hay . ' As I consider that the cows maintain the man , this expenditure is all that I have
tp make in return for out large supply of vegetables , pork , bacon / and hams , eggs , end a few fowls , our gardening , and the keeping of the whole ground in high order , and , moreover , through the good nature of my excellent servant , bur windowcleaning and coal-shifting . It may not be .. out of plBce here to mention his . other proofs of zsal and kindness . His sister is my maid , and she has care of the plate . In the short days , or in excessively bad weather , he comes up and offers to clean the plate , which 13 in . cbnseqaence batter kept than it ever was before ... Again , the tenant of the next field besought ; him . to take possession of the feace ( by permission of-the owner , ) as it was a great expense and trouble to him . . 1 long refused , though
the edge was very ugly , with eight kedious pollards and eternal rows of wet linen hung on from-the other side . At last my servant begged me to take the . edge , saying that he would grab and fell the whole , and that , if the wood did not pay me for a new fence , the gain in land ^ would ., Iputup across , pole fence , which is highly ornamental .. My neighboar and I gain each ten square ' yards of ground , I am safe from sheep and trespassers , and I have wood enough for about two years ' - consumption , besides pea-sticks and poles as many as we want . The new fence cost £ 9 and a few shillings . . The purpose of setting forth this man ' s merit is to be fair ; for I am aware how essentially , tlie " success of my experiment depends on the quality of the servant who has
to work it out . ; . . The cow-house is , as I said , swept out ( into the entrance of the tank ) twice a day ; and it is whitewashed twice a year . The cows are nibbed down daik j and kept almost as sleek as horses . Both are now in much finer condition than when they came ; they were rather restless for ajew . weeks , after first coming from the fell ;/ but they seem now perfectly happy , and when out in the field , they return to the stable of their own accord to avoid rains , heat , or flies . Their food in winter is each a stone of turnips three times ; a day ; the tarnips being shred , and boiled with chopped wheat straw , " a little hay , a handful of salt , and a double handful of Indian meal , © r somewhat « nore of bran . Theyniay hare , besides , to amase themselves with , ajewlraw turnips , and twoorthreebandfulsofhayperday . .. . .
I think I have now given you as particular an account as yon could desire . ^ Ifj however , I have omitted anything that you want to know , pray question m . e freely ., ' I am , dear sir , yodrs truly , ' ' .- - - . . -. Harriet Martineau .
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THE PRUJJINCr KNIFili AT ;^ RKH - ' ' ' ¦ * ^ OB ^ ICIALlAIiAEfi-r ^ n , , Tfa ^ . Se ^| C 6 mmittee of the Honseof € offlhipns appointed t ^ : inquire into the salaries aud emoluments of officesheldiduring ' thfe pleasure of the Crown by rnembers of either Hbiise of Parliament , voted in the annual estimates ; and also into the salaries ' and emoluments of judicial offices in the ' sVperior courts of lavr and equity in the United Kingdom ; ancl into ' the retiring pensions : allotted to the judges ; arid also into the expense of dip lomatic establishments charged . ' on the- Consolidated Fund , have considered the matters referred to them , and agreed to the following report : ~ In fulfilling the important duty entrusted £ o them , your committee , in the first instance , directed their attention to the salaries attached to these offices held during the pleasure of , the Crown , which are usually : filled by members of either : . House of . Par liament , and are voted in the annual estimates . nil " iiiiifini TriiT m 'TiiTfiiTi ""
Your committeo first selected those offices which , from the nature of the duties . attached to them , have always-been considered of the greatest , importance in a government , namely , those of First Lord of the Treasuryy the . Chancellor of the ! Exchequer , the three Secretaries ofoState * and the . First Lord of the-Admiralty . For these offices , it j is requisite to secure the services of men who combine the highest talents with the greatest experience in public affairs ; and considering the rank and importance of the offices , and the labours and i ri | sppii 8 ibjli : ties inenrred ^ by . those who hold them '; your committee are of opinion , that the salaries of these offices were settled in 1831 at the lowest amount which is consistent with the requirements of . thio public service : • . ¦ ¦ ¦ .. ' , ¦¦ : . i . :..-. . :
The Trkasubt . —Your committee belieye , that for the offices of Junior Lords ofthe ^ Treasury > salary of £ 1 , 000 is adequate ; and although ' ; they ap ^ predate the more laborious duties of the " secretaries to the Treasury , ; they are ; of opinion that : a salary of £ 2 , 000 per annum : should be . substituted , for that at present attached to those offices . > ., '¦' ' ¦ v ' .. UspBR-SBCRBTAMBs op Siatk . —It ; appears tKa ' t the committee in > 1830-31 reduced the salaries of the " three Under-Seeretaries of State from ,.. £ 2 , 000 , to ; £ 1 , 500 ; . and looking to the nature of itBeir / duties , your committee do not propose any' further alteration . /¦'¦ - : ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ : ¦ :, •• .,: - :. . . . .. . .. . :. \ ' ; ., ' . ! ^ , ; , ; Presidest o ? the Cotocil . - — The duties of . jthis office have been materially increased eihee the period when it last came under thecoiisideration . of
a committee of this house .. A oommittee " of the ' Privy Council is now charged with the dietributiont of the funds , voted , by . parliament ftp ' . prompting " education , and with the general superintendence of the system of ! education as pursued in the schools which participate in . trio government' grant ; , . The President of the Council is the principalmemlief of this committee , and has practically the charge of . theimportant and / increasing business , of this . department j in addition to ' , his other official " and parliamentary duties ' . ' " ¦ ¦¦ ' . . i .. . Your committee do not propose any alteration in . the present salary of this office . ; : ; V . ' . ' , y Board of Trade . —The offices in this , dppartmeht which come within the terms of the irefei : ence are those . only of the President arid Vice-President ; but ,
as has been before stated - , another department , has been recently established ,. which has tKe . charge of Eupeiihteriding the development ; of the railway system : These duties were originally discharged- by the Board of Trade , but the staff of that board , jras found inadequate iqr their due performance .., Your committee are of opinion , now that the railway- system is so near completion ; that the duties of the Railway Boavd may again *© discharged binder the direction of the Board of Trade ; ithey therefore recommend , with a view ; to . save the salary of the Railway Commissioner , that steps be taken , to consolidate the department of the Railway Board ' with that of the Board of Trade . - . ,, They do not propose to make any alteration in the . salary of the President of the Board of Trade ;
but they recommend that the salary of the Vice President be £ 1 , 500 per annum . ...,,:-,. ..., ,.. . ¦ ,. Lord pRiyx Seal . —Your committee recoinirfend that p > ovisidri be made for the transfer of the duties of this office to some other department of the government , and thai the salary be discontinued . ' Secretabt-at-War . —Another committee of the house is especially charged with the investigation of the nature and duties of tliis office . Your ' committee , therefore , have abstained altogether from taking evidence , ov making any recommendation to the house , with reference to the salary of the Socretary-at-War , . " , ' . ' ¦ ' ¦'' ¦ ¦ . : ¦;; ¦ ' '' / '{ ' - '' [ Patmasier-Gekeral—This office is at present held by the Vice-president of the Boar . 4 of Trade , and your committee recommend that the salary'be £ 1 , 500 for tbe united offices . ^ ,. /
. The JtDBE Advocate . —Your committee recorri ' - mend that the salary of the Judge-Advocate be £ 1 , 500 per annum , and , that this charge . bemadp . on tlie next appointment . ' ' They also recommend ' . tliat in future the Judge-Advocate shall nofc ; , b ' e " deb " aiTed from the practice of his profession whilst in , possession of that office . ¦ ' ¦ ' .,:, ! " ,, j v" ' ADMiRAwr . —It iippears that in this dcphrtrneBt the salaries of three of the Junior Lord are fixed : iit £ 1 , 000 each , with a residence , and of the other two at £ 1 , 200 with no residence . : ., ; Your committee recommend , that for ; the future the salary of each Junior Lord shall be £ 1 , 000 ] and that residences be ^ allowed only to th ' e First Lord , the Senior NavarLord , and the Secretary . OBDJfASCE-OFFicE . —The same observations apply to this department as to that of the Seeretary-at-War . ; ¦ •" . ""
Masier op the Mist . —Your committee recommend ; that this office ; as a parliamentary omoe , he abolished , and that the duties of it should lo . performed byaresponsibleofficer iinder the direction of the Treasury . . ' . "" ' ¦ '• .., Cuief Secbe ' taby fob Ireland . —The salary of this office is £ 5 , 500 . The ; c ' ommHtee , are aware that changes in the local government of Ireland are contemplated . They , recommend , that in case these changes " are , npt . made , the salary of the Chief Secretary be ' reduced to a sum not exceeding £ 3 , 000 . per annum ; the reduction to take effect on the next vacancy , or , in case of no vacancy , at the close of the present parliament .
Poob-law BoARD ; 4-The salaries of this . department which canio under the consideration ipf your committee are those of the Chief Commissioner and : the two Secretaries . * Your committee' do riot recommead any alteration in the salary of tWiChief Commissioner ; but they are led to believe that the duties of a Secretary might be efficiently performed ata . salary of £ 1 , 000 . ; Looking , however , to tho circumstances under which one of the present secretaries accepted office , your committee recommend that the immedia te reduction should take place only in the case of the parliamentary secretary , and that the salary of the other secretary should bo reduced on the first vacancy . .:. = .......
• JUDICIAL SALAIlIEg . ENGLASD . \ Your committee next . proceed to the second part of the inquiry referred to them , namely , the salaries . and emoluments of judicial officers in'the m £ perior . courts of law and equity in , the United Kingdom ; "• ' ¦ ' " ' ' ; ' - : ' <; : ¦ They have taken evidence from ' some of the most eminent men connected with the courts- of each country ; they have referred to evidence given before the committee which sat in 1830—81 , and have called for returns , ' showing the changes which have been made from time to time in the salaries and emoluments of the judges , to all of which documents they respectfuUy call the ' attention of the hous 9 . AfteP ' givuig a careful consideration to this subject ; , they have determined to recommend tp the house the following scale © t salaries for tne ' various
judicial offices of law and equity m England . - — , .. ' .. Lord Cuancellor ...........:....:... '' ...:... £ 8 , 000 . '•' , The Master of the Rolls - . ; ..... ; ...... ; C , 0 , 00 ' v ¦ Vice-Chancellor of England ......... 5 , 000 : ; '¦' ,- Second Tice-Chancellor- ........ ; ...... 5 , 000 ; , Masters in . Chancery each ............ 2 , 000 ' TheAccountant-General ....... 2 , 000 ,. It is understood that the office of the third Tice-Chancellor is to be abolished on the first vacancy . Chief Justice of Queen ' sBencb . £ 7 , 000 ; : ; . " Ditto Common Pleas 6 , 000 , Chief . Baron of the Exchequer ' .. 6 , 000 . . ' : Twelve Puisne Judges each , ; .- 5 , 000 : The comrhittee recommend that : the . retiring : al lowances of the judges , be adjusted so as to bear the same proportion as at present to their salaries for actual service . " ... . '' . i ¦ ¦ > ¦ ¦ ' J-: :
. The attention of the ' eommitted has been directed to the largo emoluments of the law advisers of the Crown . These emoluments are derived from various souFcea , including fees on Birieis and patents , and appear to your committee ' to be excessive . They do not , ' however , express any opinion on the subject , ; beyond a general - recommendation that they be reduced , but they suggest to the ' consideration of the government , whether the duties of Attorney and Solicitor-General might not be as efficiently performed , arid' a savinc effected . to the public , if they were paid by fixed salary instead of ¦ ¦
fees .. - . ' . ' ' '•' " i ' . " Inrtcommending that the Accountant-General be paid by a fixed salary , equal to that of tho Masters in Chancery ;' they would also suggest ,. that . such arrangements should be made with regard to the brokerage or investments in stock , ; , whiob now fonnsapart of the emoluments of this office , as may most conduce to the interests of the suitors in the Court of Chaneery . > -. ¦;«• . . ¦ . ,-i . .. . In agreeing to these salaries for judges and other officers in the courts of justice , tho oommittee have not adverted to the questions of patronage and fees ,
now under the consideration of another , committee of thi 3 house . They must , however , express a decided opinion , from some statements in the evidence , that no fees of any description should be
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nibllefl lrl' ^ ^ V re S » lations witn respect to appointments of subordinaVofiiceri Sfflft ^ J aw -andfequily , ' shall bo ' sfcrictly enforced - , that all-person ' s to-Whereafter nominated-to fiuoh offices shall be : pia < jea oti rea ' sonaule and moderate salaries , to be exclusively ! enjoyed by SN -and that theysball invariably execute th ^ wholo duties ofthe offices in person , -ihe ' committee also venture to ' express a ^ hope , ™ 3 ™ f ™« w the . proceedings of . the Courts may gradually . lead to considerable reductions in judicial estabishmentg . : The appointment ,: emoluments , MtaUuhmenb and whole system . of the Office of Accountant-Geheral , should undergo revision . It iui fir I i ii = sgg
« evwence before them / that , the most unnecessary delays ^ and detentions prevail in the offices of Alastera m . Chancery ,.. whi ch might be easily and immediatel y removed , so as to . reduce ! largel y , the amount of : busm ess , and claims on-the , time of . the Master . Such reforms ; besides conducing to eco-Bfl ** the course / . of justice , and giyo the greatest relief ! to . suitors' in the courts of v ^ UltrVI •• * i .... : ' < v L i : _ . The _ committee . furtner . reeommend to tho serious attention of the government the enormous expense of egal proceedings on behalf of , the public . The vigilant supervision of the Board of Treasury over r , nln * ? f publl ° expenditure in all the departments seems essentially necessary : : Your committee recommend that all ' fees on appointment to office be abolished . - : ; . • ,.- ' ?'
- ..... ,.: ¦ : ;¦ SCOTLAND . ¦ : : ¦ ' , ' : : )' i ; Ahe committee recommend the following scale of salaries for the judges of superior courts in Scotland : —; :... :. ; . -i . ' .-.- . . . ; : ' -- ¦¦'<¦¦ t ¦ ¦ The Lord President of the Court Of'i : ' ¦ ' U \ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ _ Session ..... . ; ......... ; . ; . ; .,:.... ;; . ; .. ; . £ 4 , 300 ; > LorQi Justico Clerk and Presidentof :- ' u . - ; . second division of the Court of' ' Session ... V .... ; ..... ; .. ; .... ; ....:. ; . ; 4 , 000 '; '¦ Lords of Session ; Justiciary arid ¦ : r - ' -Exchequer , each ...........,... ¦;; . ¦ . 3 , 000 ; ^ They . do not recommend any alteration in the Offices of Lord Advocate and Solicitor-General . : ¦ « .-I . I ^ S iven in evidence to your committee , that . the . business transacted in ; the various courts in Scotland is of a very unequal amouht ; and they
hayeevery reason to . believe that the number of judges is larger than the populationand business of that part of the United Kingdom require , and mightbeditnlnished . ' -It has-indeed , been stated , ^ that measures ; are in contemplation , jwhereby the presehfinequality ' may be iri ' some degree rectified ; but your oommittee would press bn-the attention of tha government ; that when any : vacancy may- occur , this subject shall be well considered ; ; andsthat < the opinion ofthis cbmraitteewith regard to the number of judges should be attended to . >• ¦ - - ¦¦ -: ¦ ' * . ¦ ,- ¦ : - ; . <¦; ¦ ; : " . ¦ ; >¦ - . <; .-, ¦ - ¦ ,: iRBLAND . i : " ) ' . ... ¦ lU .: Xl- -. ¦ They propose the following salaries of the judicial offiees in theiIrish couvts : — ¦ - . ,- ; , .. ¦ . .. ., Ilfi " . ,. vi = Lord Chancellor .. i - . iii ; . w . ;;; . ; l ^ ......: £ 6 , 000 i ; . ' / ¦ /
;• . ' : Master of the Rolls .. ; :: ! ....... n- ,- - d . nnA , > ,. ::-: waster ot ttie Kolls .. ;; . i .... ... ..... ; ..- 4 , 000 ii ' ¦ . Chief Justice of Queen ' s Benchv .. i .. 4 j 300 :- ¦» . . ' . v . ' im ' .: W , ' : ¦ ; Common Pleaau .... 4 000 ' - > vi Chief Bavon of Exchequer . .. . ' [ ....... 4 , 000 si Puisn 6 Judges , each ; . i ;; ' . uv :. .. ; = 3 , 000 ¦ •¦ ¦ : MaBtera : in Chancery / each . ; . ' . " .... ; ... 2 , 000 ; ¦ ¦ ¦ , ' : ,- Your committee . would make tho same suggestion with regard ; to the number of Irish judges which they have already offered in referring to the judicial establishments Scotland : a .-, u : ; ,,..-, o « ... ,
; V ; , ; DIPLOMATIC ^ SALARIES ; -= ! - ¦ ; The cbrhm ' ittee have given niucli patientI consideration to the subject of our diplomatic expenditure , and have entertained a variety bf ' opinicms upon it '; theyhaye , ; however , decid edto recommend a complete , revision of the , present system of our ; diplomatic establishments , and with that view they came to tbe following resolutions ' , ; i- '; " ' , ;• ¦ : ¦ ' . " / - '> 1 ' - ';" ' i ''^ irftil ' i Th ^ ii ' berecbm ' ih ^ ded'totnalgpyefm to propose to : tHe government of France jind Turkey to convert the embassies now maintained between those countries and . England , into missioiis , and that our , diplomatic . e ^ t ' ablishme nts . at Paris '! and Coii-. stantinople * be put on the' footings of first class missions . '" . ' ' '' : ' ' •¦ ¦ '" ' :: ¦
. Secondly , That it be recommended' to the serious attention Of the govei'nmeht . that a single > n | 8 siori at some central point in Germany may be substituted for the several missions pow existing at Harioverj Dresden , Stutgard , Munich , and Frankfort , without detriment to the public service . ' . ' ; - ; Thirdly , That it be recommended to the government . to make arrangements for uniting ; the mission at Florence with . one of the Italian missions ; ' ' •" ; . 'Fourthly , " -That no diplomatic : salary ' shbuld exceed £ 5 , 000 per annum ; exclusive' of an allowance for a residence , ¦¦'• ¦ • : Fifthly , That it be reeomihended to tho 'gorernment to revise the salaries of the whole diplomatic service , regard beiri ' ghad to the maximum sussested
by the committee , and to the rolatiyejmportance Of the y arious missions , arid that itfe ' ertain cases a union of missions might take ' -placej or' a consul or consular agent ' be substituted for a mission , Wherebj [ considerable saving might be ' effected without injury to the public service . , : . , ¦ i ; t ' r' , ' ¦ ' The diplornatiepension list'has engaged , the attention ; of the committee , and they have' been led to remark how large : a proportion the aggregate amount ; of pensions bears to the sum paid for actual spryioe ; There are circumstances cpnriected with the diplomatic service which render it difficult to enforce all tho regulations applicable to other pensions ; but looking to the '' main object for which ¦¦¦ ¦¦ ¦
all pensions are granted- — . ¦ ¦ ; .... < - ' They reepmniiend , that , strict regard being had tp existing interests , regulation ' s be -made for the granting of future pensions , in respect ' of the age arid circumstances of the parties claimjng them , so far as is practicable , in ' accbrdarice with the 6 th and 11 th sections of the act , 4 and 5 William IV ., c . 24 , whichregulates civil ' pension ' s ..: ; The committee , being anxious to report in the present session , have not had time to prosecute the inquiry into the consular establishments , and they recommend that an investigation into this branch should be instituted in the course of next session of Parliament . "•'¦' . ¦ " ¦ ' "¦ ' " "¦ - '; - " ' ¦ ¦'
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' ¦ ¦¦ ¦• :- < rr ^ ¦ m " . . . , — SpDAY POSTAGE DELIVERY . ¦ ¦ - . A public meeting was held on' ^ Monday evening in the Hall of tho Freemasons' Tavern , ' Great Queenstreet , Lincoln ' s Inn Fields , for the purpose of obtaining tbe immediate rescinding of . the recent postal , regulation , " stopping tbe delivery of letters and newspapers on Sunday . " The hall ' was crowded before ' -8 even o ' clock , the hour at which if was annourieed-that the business should begin , when , ' on the motion of Mr . ; Sbbi , e , Mr . J . Hume , M . P ., took the chair . <'•<'• ¦ - . ' ¦ - ' ' ¦' : .. •" Tho Chairman , iri opening the proceedings , said tnere : was , perhaps , no question more important than that which related to rapid communication between place and place , and rriah arid man—than
that , in fact , which affected the general regulations of the postal departirier it . ' He : could recollect the efforts . made from ; year to year to accelerate communication , and he had rib hesitaiion insaylng that of all the . social changes which had taken place sincere had been a public man—arid , that , was a groat rnariy yeats—none had appeared to him more important than- that which , provided facilities for cheap and rapid postal communications . ' . ( Cheers . ) He was one of those Who '" considered any measures taken fb interfere with that communication as depriving the cori ) munity of sv porfcioii ' of ¦ those advantages which , with great labour , had been obtained for them , and he thoughfany attempts towards a retrograde system must have been made under a
very erroneous idea . He was sorry io . see subh an attempt ^ but he was riot one of those . responsible for that' retrogression . - ' ¦'•( Cheers . )'; lip had d ' orie everything to iorward tho object of tho meeting . Postal . facilities tended to encourago the diffusion of knowledge—placed meri . 'iri a" situatipnltb know and to estimate their rights ; and he could not tbereforp but regret any attempts ^ iriadb to interfere with Sunday newspapers or Sunday travelljng . lie was anxious to see the Sabbath day respected . He was also most anxious to promote civil arid religious liberty . 'If we were at liberty to send pviv letters ' wo pleased , the case might , bo different , but there was a law . which said they should not at their peril transmit a letter ptheririsethan ^ through , tbi post , d if did
anthey . they were liable , to a penalty of £ 5 The . gpvernment by that one act took upon itself the duty of conveying all their , information ; as rapidly and ; as , safely , as possible : It . was then , surely ,, aeainst . thejgeneral interests of the . coiriiminity tha tne ^ ovemment should atop that . which they were pledged to carry on ., Any attempt at . it on thepart ot a . few , however influential , appeared . ' therefore , to . him a breach . of contract to the commuitya large . ( Cheers . ) . ' ,.,. .., ,.,-.. .. ' . _ Mr . ; Maokinnon , M . P .: movod the first resolution . Me bad been in that minority ; from whose defeat the circumstances giving rise to the meeting had taken pace . He deemed bright ; to state that ,, as some blame had been attached to . Ministers . and , to her Majesty ; for having acceded to , those resolutions of the house , that it : was impossible for any ministry to act otherwise than Lord John ; Russell had aoted , or for any ' . 80 verei 2 n to have acted bthorwise than
had her Majesty .. ( Hear . ) -There was an address from a majority of the House of . Commons . The minister waBbounH to lay that address at tho foot of the throne ; the Sovereign was equally bound , to . pay to it attention ..- If , therefore , blame rested anywhere , it rested with that extraordinary majority which , in an unguarded hour , gave so extraordinary , a vote .. Could the whole commmty remain quiescent on the Lord ' s ; Day ? Sonie individual must do work for the rest . : Civilisation and facility of communication went hand in hand . To stop Sunday labour entirely ; was altogether iinpoesible , and it had been proved in the House of Commons that the attempt so to do had augmented , instead of . oiminishing . it . ' . It had been proved that ) in , Manchester and Liverpool some seventy or eiglytyipersons had been set by private parties to do the work performed , before , by twenty-five . < . Ho : therefore
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— . „ begged to propose the first resolution : — " That this m e . eting , hfully . convinced that . the admirable , system on which the Post-offlce w ^ as . regulated prior to the recent dbnbxiou ^ restrictionij'Ws in course of affording all the accommodation that could be rendered ' to the public , ; and with the least possible amount of Sunday labour . That the necessity , for correspondence has vastly increased that amount of toil , and that since the cessation of the Sunday postal delivery , the requirements of-the | public call for a speedy return to the former practice . " ¦¦'•¦' ' iMr ., FoRSTEiij M . P . for Berwick , seconded the resoluliow . Members had reasohto complain of the .
puDlio in this matter ; 'Up to the time when the House of Commons . was so shamefully taken by surprise , m- j-T ote Oi i rried by a-sort of emip de main , the puplio did nothing to impress their will upon tho timidity and cowardice of the House of Commons . Already some of the members who voted for that resolution had come to him and confessed that its conBequences , made . them wish it ' altered . Qovern-StS' r ^ e thV Petitioris-where- the public voice—where the meetings ? Ifc was therefore / for the people to speak out , and show that they would not be coerced . ( Cheers !) • Dr . Webb , of Marylebone , supported the resolu-¦ ¦ ¦
tion ; :=. .--. > ..:: - , i ¦ ' .- ¦ - ' .. ; " The Rev , Dr . Hewlmi moved as an amendment the following \ r ~ " That the advantages of a weokly day of rest , whether considered physically , socially , or morally , . are far : bayond any trifling convenience that may be obtained by its infringernent , and that as art opportunity has offered of relieving a large number ; of the industrious classes by the recent postal arrangements from unnecessary labour on tho Sunday , this meeting conceive it ' highly desirable that the alterations in the Post . Office department should have a full and fair trial . " ; ' Mi-l Lord seconded the amendment , and tbe questioni was put by the Chairman . ' ' The show of hands evidenced a vast majority in favour of the original motion . ' : ;; .- ¦ 6
Mr . Locke , M . P ., moved the second resolution , ana said , that at all events the amendment and previous resolution had had a full and fair trial . If the cause was as fully arid fairly tried in the house , the same unanimous votes would ' affirin the meeting B ' deoi 8 ion '; . ( CheerB . ) 'Fe thought a day of rest most' important . He made no exceptions , not even for ' postmen . ( CheerB ;) , But ' . whilst he admitted that that day , of rest was -a season of blessing , he held that every man was called upon to make some sacrifices on it , if required for the public . It was riot the . working fneri ' who refused to contribute their mite towards , the general good . They knew that some labour was necessary on Sunday , in order not to entrench on other days ' , f Hear . bear . ) Let
them look ais the great manufacturing establishmentsi j did they suppose one voice would be raised in favour of shutting them up against all labour on Sunday ? Therewere thousands of persona in those manufactories who , if the engine broke / would be ' thrown out of' employment ; . It was the constant practice to do the' little reparations required on Snnday , ' 8 o ' asto prevent an accident so ruinous-to thousands . < Didth ' ey suppose the engine man who dragged his fivo hundred out to "Windsor or Richmond ori Sunday aflevnobn begrudged the small amount of labour which he gave ? ( Cheers . ) Did they think he'did riot rather take a pride and pleasure in . seeing his fellow workmen with their wives and little ones , goins , after Weeks of toil , for one
day of health and pleasure I Did he not feel tho day-would coniowlien he would bo in the same trainon the same emnd / and understand that the happittess ' of iriariy might fairly be accomplished by the labour of a few ? ( Cheers . ) A great talk bad peon made about 13 , 000 people signing ' a petition in Liverpool ^ and of sixty or seventy honest men liberated from the Post-office going in procession to church . His inference was this . le'said , if those 15 , 000 petitioners' had liberated their coaohmen aridj » r 6 oms—( cheers)—their menservants and their maidservants , what a goodly procession they would have made ? It-would have been attended wfththis further advantage—it would have shown how much good could be done'by a private feeeling , bv the enterprise of private ' parties , without encroachins
on' the rights ' and'liberties of tho community at large . Mr . Locke ; concluded by moving the following resolution : — " That the equal and general dissemination of early intelli gence is one of the highest results of eur civilisation . That the weekly , newspapers , by its' efforts to-gathev and publish intelligence , renders eminent public service ; and that its transmission by the Saturday morning ' s delivery is a service which the humble and industrious man , who can read his newspaper on the Sunday only , and by which all classes are greatly benefited ; and that the means offered by such a system are those which involve by far the least interference with the seventh day ' s rest ; enjoyment , arid devotion . " Sir ; SeRle , on'behalf of the -weekly press , seconded Mr . Locke ' s resolution .
The Rev . JoiiN Kennedy addressed the meeting iri opposition , but being heard with great impatience , resisted . The resolution was then carried . ¦ -A petitibri to the House of Commons and a memorial to the commission of inquiry were agreed to , and the opposing resolution negatived ; and thanks having been voted to the chairman , the meeting separated .
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LAMBETH ELECTION . Tho nomination of a burgess to fill the vacancy in the . representation of the boroagh of Lambeth , caused by the resignation of Mr . Charles Pearson , took place on Monday morning at ten o ' clock , on Kennington'Common . Threo candidates appeared upon the hustings , namely , Mr . Wm . Williams , late M . P . for Coventry , Admiral Sir Charles Napier , and Mr . J . H . Palmer . Mr . Williams first appeared on the ground , and proceeded to the hustings on foot , accompanied by his committee Sir Charles Napier arrived at the hustings in a carriage and . pair , adorned with a huge Union Jack . Mr . Palmer came up in a carriage and four . : b
As the candidates appeared there was scarcely any demonstration of feeling on the , part of the people assembled , who numbered about 1 , 200 , except in tho case of the admiral , -who -was received by Mr . Williams ' s supporters with loud crios of . " No flogging , " , ' * Bring the cat-o-niue-tails , " while some of the more energetic of the crowd brandished veritable " cats" as Sir Charles advanced to the front of tho hustings . The usual formalities having been gone through , Mr . Onsmw , the returning officer , having briefly addressed the meeting as to the duties they had to perform ,
' Mr . Harvey , of Lambeth House , came forward to nominate Mr . W . Williams —( cheers)—as a fit and » roper person to represent the borough . He had known Mr . Williams for upwards of thirty years as a thorough man of business . For thirteen years Mr , Williams had been in Parliament , during which time he gave no less than 2 , 000 votes , none of which had over even been questioned , -with the exception of two , and if those two were evvovs at all ; hoy were errors of tho head , not of the heart . They had alRO a gallant admiral , who came forward with a very catchy commencement , "Do you want a Bailor ? " ( Laughter , and "he wants the cat-o ' - nine tails . " ) He would say nothing against him for being a sailor—thev -were the lieafc riftfonnn nf
the country ; but ho did not know -what a sailor had to do with representing Lambeth . ( " Certainly not . " ) He was formerly in Parliament , when he soon got a place . ( Langhtor . ) He said that if called upon to serve his country , he would resign hissoat . ( Laughter . ) When in Parliament he got the command of the experimental squadron , for which the people had to pay . Tho other candidate was a respectable man whom they all knew—he would not say one word to his prejudice . Ho ia sonm-law to your present sitting member , and he did not think that was any recommendation , lie was also a lawyer . ( " Stepping-stono to the woolsack . " ) There -were too many lawyers in the House of
Commons already . ( Cheers . ) See how they came out on the question of Lord Palmev 3 ton ' 8 policy . Some Of the lawyers who voted on that occasion had already got places —( true)—and the others were all on the way to preferment . ( Cheers . ) There would be much profession on this occasion , but he said , let them have acts not words . ( Cheers . ) In fact , let them take Mr . Williams , who , he woulisay , had a good character from his last place . ( Cheers . ) Place him on the top of the poll , so that the Speculators would bo more appear among them . ( Cheers . ) They ought not to have any man who was in office , or seeking office . He nominated W . Williams , Esq ., as a fit person for their representative . -
Mr . DotwoN , sen ., seconded the nomination ; They wanted financial refonnera in the House of Commons to resist suoli scandalous votes as £ 12 , 000 a year to a royal duke . ( Cheers . ) The majority on that tote was made up of placemen and half-pay officers . Such thorough financial reformors as Mr . Willinms were wanted in the House of Commons
now . Mr . WiiLUM KtJOM then came forward to propose Mr . Palmer —( cheers and uproar)—who , he said , was the son of one of the best reformers that over lived . He was the son of their old friend the late Samuel Palmer . ( A Voice : "how do you know ? " ) who had been known to them all as a friend and neighbour . Mr . John Willeb seconded Mr . Palmer ' s nomination . Mr . Charles Evans , amidst great confusion , no mmated Sir Charles Napier as a fit and proper W son to represent the borough .
Mr . MiLLBU came forward to second the nomination , and said , t i . ™ , rr " My namc is filler : In the Old Kont-road my father keeps his shop , A-frugal man , whose only care is to increase his stoolc , And keop hia only son , myself , at home . "
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( Cries of "Braro , Norval . " ) Those who werefathers could understand how . difficult a thing that was . He bad referred to tho shop to show that ho jas ' . one of the ' . middlo ctossev and . as such ha . Beconded the nomination of Sir C . flapier . Mr . WituAMs then carhe forward , amidst vociferous cheering from bis supporters . He said that ho aw not appear before them with professions whioh were intended to be broken , but as a tried man . He liiid served his country faithfully , honestly , and upn il £ or tbir' « en years in the House of Commons . He fiad never given a vote , or uttered a word in the House of Commons , or done ono single act against iSnVWf l ^ g ^ t oody of ^ people . He belonged to the people , he sympathised with their
a . mi a woT , ? t ai « l l > 7 them to the last . Ashehaialready said be was there to-day on the invitntion of some of the loading men of the boroaeh -rhe had been the first in the field and had been followed by six others . Pour of them had with * drawn—two , however , remained to stand the fight and he ( Mr . Williams ) was in the hands of the electors to defeat them . ( Cheers and cries of " So you shall . " ) With regard to one of them ( Mr . Palmer , ) not a word in his favour had been said by anybody—not even by his proposer and seconder , except tlwt his father hadbeena very respectable man in this borough . ( Hear , hoar , and a laugh . ) They had not even said that the young gentleman himself was aresDectable man , but he ( Mr .
Williams ) would give the honourable and learned gentleman a character and say that he was so . ( Cheers and laughter . ) That was more than any of the hon . and learned gentleman ' s friends had said before for him . : But with what recommendation did he come boforo tho constituency ? Why , in the first place , tne hon . and learned gentleman was a lawyer . ( Groans and hisses , and loud cries of " Shame . " ) 1 here werealready seventy-twolawyersin the House of Commons , and many people thought that number wasjust six dozen too many . ( Cheers and lauchter . ) Another recommendation which ' ' Mr Palmer brought with him waB , that he was the son-in-law of the present member for that borough . ( Cheers and cries of "Shame . " ) Tho electors knnw how
faithfully their present member had served them , and would be inclined , he thought , to say , if such , was the , sample , such was the sack . ( Applause and hisses . ) .. But there remained still another candidatd in the' field . ( Cheers , ' hisses , and groans , followed by the . exhibition , both in the body of tho meeting , arid by an elector on tho hustings , of the effigies of ; the' cat-o ' -nine-tails , which were upraised , and shaken derisively before Sir Charles Napier , amidstlpudand general cries of "No flogging . " ) The old admiral had been his most intimate friend fora great number . of years ; and to prove howfaithful , was his friendship , he had come forward at the eleventh hour to do him ( Mr . . Wjlliams ) all the injury he could , for thegallantadmiraTs own return was wholly but of the question . ( Cheers and
shouts of ,. " Dont be too sure of that . " ) They would he was ' confident never return a place-hunter—a porisioner—one who had run away from the electors of Marylebbne to take a paltry command and appointment ., ( Hisses , cheers , and groans . ) He had already , struck his flag in this borough . And he ( Mr . Williams ) asked if tho gallant' admiral was a fit man to represent Lambeth ? ( Cries of , " No , no " answered by as loud shouts of , " Yes , yes . " ) Would they havo a man who deserted the colours of hia country and lent himself as hireling-to the despotic government of Portugal ? ( Hisses , groans , and cheers . ) ., For that he was dismissed the British service . ( Applause . ) Was such a man then , he repeated , a fit and proper man to ' repfesent Lambeth ? T
( tries of , ' , ' _ JSo , he mil not suit . " ) He hadhimself told them at one of his meetings that ho would again accept a place if one was offered to him . ( Groans and Hisses . ) But this was not all . Tha day before thegallant admiral offered himBelf as a candidate for the representation o ' f Lambeth , he went and paid a visit to the Treasury , and there he ( Mr . . Willinms ) was told the gallant Admiral had had an interview with the Secretary to the Treasury , who has the giving away of places . Was such a man fit ' to send to the House of Commons as their representative ? ( " No , no . " ) During the thirteen years he ( Mr . Williams ) had been in parliament he had never darkened the doors of the Treasury , and not a single penny of the public monev had ever
touched the palm of his hands , or ever should . ( Loud cheers . ) He need not detain the meeting , but would ask at once—would they have this placehunter—this old pensioner—would they have a man who lived by idleness and not by industry ? ( Hisses , cheers , and cries of" Shame . " ) During the several years that he ( Mr . W . ) had been iri parliament , he had himself brought forward motions year after year to abolish flogging in the aavy , and who had stood up and opposed him ? Who but the gallant Admiral ? ( Hisses and groans . ) Nay , the gallant Admiral not only opposed tho motion , but admitted he had himself made pretty free . U 3 e of the lash when he had the power , and he even had opposed the reduction ( which , however , was carried "! of the
infliction of 300 lashes to fifty . ( Cheers . ) If the electors of Lambeth wanted a man to draw the blood of tho noble sailors of this country , there ( pointing to Sir Charles Napier ) stood the man , ( Cheers , hisses , and gi-eat confusion . ) He ( Mr . Williams ) solicited tho electors to compare his conduct by tho test of his parliamentary votes with tho professions of Mr . Palmer and the acts of the old Admiral . A friend of his ( Mr . Williams ) had on Saturday looked over the division list durin g the time his gallant opponent had been in parliament , and he could scarcely find one in which the gallant Admiral had voted at ail-but that he was absent from nine divisions out of ten , whilst he ( Mr . Williams ) had not been absent from one of them .
( Cheers . ) Did the electors want ah idler like the Admiral , ov did they want the man who would be found at his post , standing by the people both day and night ? ' If they wanted a placeman and a pensioner , let them vote for Sir Charles Napier , if they wanted to consign this large and important borouea or Lambeth to the family of the D'Eyncourts let them vote for Mr . Palmer , but if they wanted a man of the people—one of the people—one that would stand by the people—then let them hold up their hands for him . ( Loud and tumultuous cheers , intermingled with hisses and groans . ) Mr . J . H . Palmer declared himself in favour o £ Lord Palmerston ' s policy , which had for its object to make the name of England respected
throughout the world . ( " Hear , hear , " from Sir C . Napier . ) He was in favour of Mr . Hume ' s' proposition for extendingthe suffrage , but against the £ 10 qualification . He also required the protection of the ballotfov the poor man , for without that protection a voto to the poor man would be a curse instead of a blessing . ( Cheers . ) He was in favour of triennialparliamen . ts . ( Cheers . ) When those measures were obtained , rigid retrenchment in theipublic expenditure rinist follow . He also opposed the window tax and the income tax . Ho considered that the Poor Law ought to be revised so as to give out-door relief where necessary . He was also in favour of the Sunday Trading Bill , provided the rights of the poor man were protected ,
Sir C . Napier then addressed the electors , hut he , was continually interrupted ; in fact , during the whole of his speech the utmost confusion prevailed . Imitation " cats" were in abundance . The gallant admiral defended himself against the imputation of being a place-hunter . When he was sent to the Mediterranean , it was to protect British commerce . He sailed against Morocco , to demand satisfaction for British : merchants . who had been' ill-treated , and amplo satisfaction was given at the very sight of the British flng , without firing a single shot . He disclaimed being the intimate friend of Mr . Williams . Ho was only a friend so far as having met that gentleman frequently in the House of Commons . Mr , Williams ' s speech consisted of fulsome
praise of himself and vulgar abuse of his opponent . What had brought Bim ( Sir C . Napier ) to Lambeth , Was the revolutionary address of Mr . Williams , That gentleman came forward to bamboozle them , for he talked of taking sixteen millions of taxes off , without proposing any means of supplying their place . He ( Sir C . Kapier ) was not , preparcd to rob the public creditor . Ho thought the first tax that should be taken off-was the window tax . He had , done all he could toreduce the-wasteful expenditure that was going on in the navy . He'had fallen under the censure ot tho First Lord of the Admiralty , and those by whom he was surrounded , and also under thecensureof tho First Minister , and yet he had been called a place-hunter . His hon . and courteous
friend had charged him with deserting his colours , and entering tho service of a despot ; and his hon . friend knew when Uo said that that he was uttering that which was not true . ( Cheers , ) What ho had done was to assist in placing a youthful and liberal queen upon the . throne . As to flogging in the navy , no officer in the British navy had done more than , he had te put an end to corporal punishment . For two years no had commanded the squadron , and he believed that there never was so little flogging in the navy as during that time ; but It was impossible to conduct the operations of a fleet without dis-? TnA He had commanded between 4 , 000 and 5 . 0 J 0 men , and there / was not a . sailor amongst them that would not have gone to the very devil to serve him . ( Cheers . ) He had been told about going to the Treasury . All he hid done Was to call
upon his friend Mr . Haytor ., But he understood that spies had been set to watch . him ; such were the tactics on the othet side . He was in favour of the ballot and an oxteriaion of tho suffrage , but not tor universal suffrage .. He was also in favour of this olavms of the Je-ws . The gallant admiral concluded by expressing his determination tb'go to the poll . A snow of hands was tBcn taken , which was deolai'ed by the returning officer to be in favour of Sir A Swas demanded on behalf > f Mr . . ¦ William ! and Mr . Palmer , arid the proceedings terminated . . DECIABAWON OP TBE POLL . On Wednesday , at twe lve o ' clock , the candidateo and their friends assembled on the hustings to hear iL announcement of the result . A largo number of SsS werei also assembled in front . At about fivo minutefl past twelve ,
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Ascending a volcano . —According to Humboldt the volcanic mountain of Popocateptl had never ' at the period of his visit to Mexico been ascended since the tiirie " of Cortez . We have been favoured with an extract of a letter from Mexico , dated June 10 th , 1650 , which announces t&at this feat has now been accpmpIisIieBV ; Tne names of'the parties making the assent have been communicated to us , and it is possible that the public will- hereafter hear more of the matter . The extract is as follows : —V . Three English gentlemen have just returned from a trip to the crater of Popocateptl , of ¦ which one of them Bends me an interesting account . I did not know of their intention unti ) too Lite , or it would have been an excellent ' opportunity to have tried , the
Aneroid at a great elevation . They were five hours ascending , and only one hour and a quarter returning ; having remained only four hours and a half on the summit , where they found no difficulty , in breathing , smoMng , or drinking } or eyeri walking fast On theievel edge of the crater . ; The crater Was a grand ' sight , like a very deep barranca , with sides nearly perpendicular ' / about 1 , 000 . feet deep arid a league in CMrcumference . At the bbttoin was a pond of sulphur , ' which was bubbling away in fine style ' , of a bright yellow colour , arid emitting a great volume of smoke , the greater part of which was condensed in the crater before reaching its top , At the crater the barometer stood at 16-015 inches , Centigrade thermometer 2 de& , ; water boiled at
181 deg . Tabr ., —corresponding to about 17 , 000 feet of altitude . "—Dotty News . ,.. .: , . IxsniorioN op the Rev . G . C . Gobham . —At the termination of the ordinary business in the Prerogative Court on Tuesday , the Rev . G . C . Gprharix was introduced to Sir H . J . Fust ; Having signed the articles and taken the custoiriary oaths , Sir H . J- Fust . addressed Mr . Gorham to the . following effect : — " We ,. Sir Herbert Jenrier Fust , ^ Knight , Doctor of Laws ; arid Official Principal . of the Arches' Court of Canterbury , lawfully constituted , do , by Virtue of the authority to us committed , admit ypMh ' e Rey . Georgei Cornelius : Gorham , clerk , B . D . ; to tho vicarage of Bampford-Speke , in . { he
county of Devon , diocese of Exeter , and province of Canterbury ; wedbgrveybu ' true , lawful , canocical institution , and do . invest you with all the rights and appurtenances thereunto belonging , and do commit to you the ' care of the souls of the parishioners of the saidparish . "—Mr . Gorham then bowed to the learned } udge arid retire , accompanied by his proctor , Mr . Bdwdler . The proceeding -was quite unexpected , and when Mr . Gorham - was introduced very few persons were present , but information of the fact spread with great rapidity , and a largo number , of the practitioners at Doctor ' s Commons entered the court before the completion of the institution . ' '
BisitjBBAKC Bs at St . " Lucia . —On the 1 st of July there had been some disturbances at St . Ltcia , caused , it ia 8 aid ; by arrivals from Martinique of ^ f ?? ' TrtM ) incited the lower orders to call' for the establishment of a republic , and to declare the island independents The ' 'Governor'had -taken ^• "fj ? ste ps , arrested twelve of the more promi . nent disturbers , and quelled the emeuie , and everyleftl W * ° * 4 »>« t ' ' hH » the Princes Royal
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¦ August 10 , 1850 . THE NORTHERN STAR I ^!? ' - ———— .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 10, 1850, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1586/page/7/
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