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UN PHYSICAL WStjOALlFICATIONS, GKNERAT1VB INCAPACITY , AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Brother Chartists ! Beware of ' Wolves in aheept Clothing ! !" Sufferers are earnestly cautioned against dangerous imitations of these Pills by youthful , self-styled doctors , who have recourse to various schemes to get money ; such'for instance as professing to cure complaints for 10 s . only advertisng in the name of a female , and pretending to sive the character of persons iromi their writing , and what is equally absurd , promising ti > produce bair , whiskers , &c , in a few weeks ; but , worst , of , all , { as it ia playing with the afflictions of their fellowB ) , daring to infringe the proprietors' rightbj ^ makirig truthless assertions , and advertising ' a spurious compound under another , the use of which will assuredly bring annoyance and disappointment .
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DR . DE ROOS' CONCENTRATED GUTM VlTiE has , in all instances , proved a . speedy and permanent cure , for every variety of disease arising from solitary habits , youthful delusive excesses , and infection , such as gonorrhoea , syphilis , 4 c ., which from neglect or improper treatment by mercury , copaiba , eubebs , and other deadly poisons , invariably end in some of the following forms of secondary symptoms , viz ., pains and swellings in the bones , joints and glands , skin eruptions , blotchts and pimples , weakness ofthe eyes , loss of hair disease and decay of the nose , sore throat , pains in the side , back , and loins , fistula , piles , 4 c ., diseases of the kidneys , and bladder , gleet , stricture , seminal weakness , nervuus and sexual debility , loss of memory , and finally such a state of drowsiness , lassitude aud general prostration of strength , as unless skilfully arrested , soon ends in a miserable death !
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READ DR . DE ROOS' CELEBRATED WORK , THE MEDICAL ADVISER , tbe 04 th thousand of which is just published , coutainmir 144 pages , illustrated with numerous beautifully coloured " en . gravings , descriptive ot the ABatomy and Physiology ofthe Generauve Organs of both sexes , in health and disease also Chapters on the Obligations and Philosophy of Mar nage ; Diseases of the Mule and I ' emale parts of Generation ; the only sate mode of treatment and cure of all those secret diseases arising from infection and youthful ,-delusive excesses ; with plain directions for the removal oi every disqualification , and the attuiunumt of health , vigour , &c , with ease , certainty , aud safeiy . May be obtained in a sealed envelope through most bookfieUerb , or of the Author , price 2 a ., or free by post for Uurty-twepostage stamps . ...-.. •'
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TJNEJSCRIBED TOMB OF EMMET . ( From the Dublin Comet . ) ' - 'Letmytombremwnnninscribea , «» a ' my " ^ Sta oblivion , until other times and other men can do justice to mj character' .. : ¦ ; « Pray tell me , " I said to anold «» J ? *?^ , ! - Drooping over the graves which Jus own . hands " PhJtdlS ? th " e name of the tenant who sleeps « S > £ tone shade where the sad willow tw ~ rf ^ 4 eneraved with the name of the dead , SrjTKTP" * " - «* y *™* ** * ' fled . " In silence he bowed , then hectoned me nigh , Till we stood o'er the grave—then he said with a Yes they dare not to trace e ' en a word on this
stone , To the memory of him who Bleeps coldly alone ; Be told them—commanded the lines o ' er his grate , Should never be traced by the hands of a slave . " "He hade them to shade e ' en his name in the gloom _ ¦ . ¦ ... ' Till the morning of freedom should shine on hit tomb , " < "When the flag of my country at liberty flies , Then—then let my name and my monument rise . ' Yon see they obeyed him : ' tis forty-six years , 2 nd they still come to moisten his grave with their tears . " He was yonng , like yourself , and aspired to o ' erthrow . '
The tyrants who filled Ms loved island witn woe ; They crashed his bold spirit : this earth was confined , ..:. ¦ : • . „ Too scantforthe range of his Inminons mind . Be paused , and the old man went slowly away , And I felt , as he left me , an impulse to pray . Grant Heaven I may see , ere my own days are done , - JLmonument rise o ' er my country ' s lost son . And , ob , prondestt&sk , be it mine to indite The long-delayed tribute a freeman must'write , Till then shall its theme in my breast deeply dwell : So peace to thy slumber , dear shade , lare thee well .
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Alton Locke , Tailor and Poet ; an Autobio graphy . Two Vols . Chapman and Hall , London , 1850 . "We understand the author of this remarkable and admirable exposition of the rotteness of onr political and social system is a clergyman of the Established Church . It is thoroughly and sensibly in earnest , and is one of the finest , deepest , and most eloquent invectives against society ever issued from the press . The int > mate knowledge of the actual condition and hardships of the working classes , exhibited by the writer , is perfectly marvellous for a person occupying his position ; and in
these days , when so many of the class to which he belongs are devoting the whole of their energies to the restoration of the ancient desp otism of the clerical order , it is gratifying to think that so powerful a counterblast should have been sounded from the same quarter . The author avows himself a Chartist , the principles of which party he boldly and forcibly upholds . He shows himself folly aware of the miseries of onr so-called civilisation . Much and . often as we have heard of the foal black stains upon this gilded metropolis of ours , their foulness and blackness has seldom been so eloquently , never so vividly , described . To a true and touching sincerity of purpose , the author adds a felicity of description and expression rarely surpassed in modern
literature . One object of Alton Locke is to depict the sufferings of the town and country poor , arising , in the city , from the cupidity of capitalists and the pressure of competition—in the country , from the want of capital and of spirit among the farmers . Another is to exhibit the character and feelings of the citizen , self-educated enough ; to speculate upon wnat is pass-Ing around him , to be wounded by what he undergoes , and to look for social amelioration through political change . In the concrete , the work is evidently intended to uphold the principles of the Charter , and to advocate the adoption of a refined Communism , with a democratic Christianity for its basis .
The form into which the author has casthis matter is that of the autobiographical fiction . Alton Locke , the hero , is the son of a small tradesman , whose brother has risen in life in proportion as himself has sunk . After a straggle , the poor man dies " of bad debts and a broken heart ;'' leaving Alton in charge of his mother , a rigid and bout Calvinist . His dreamy boyhood in a mean suburban street , his occasional glimpses of London and the country , his natural notions of God in contrast with those of his mother and the "
ministers ' -who sponge upon her , poer as she is , are very ably done . In his early teens , Alton Locke , by means of his uncle , is placed with a West-end tailor ; and the account of his selfeducation , through the instrumentality of an old Scotch bookseller , with the low humours of a tailor's workshop , occupies some space . On a quarrel originating in his reading Milton and Virgil , his mother turns him out of doors . He takes up his abode with Sandy Mackaye , the bookseller ; joins a friend resisting a reduction for wages ; tnrns Chartist ; gets a living by writing for Chartist newspapers and cheap publications ; and publishes a volume of poems with some success . Doubts , however , having
been thrown upon his honesty , in a rage he undertakes a country mission ; the rustics are too obtuse to understand his politics—instead of agitating for the Charter , they plunder a farm-yard , setting fire to what they cannot carry off ; and Alton Locke is condemned for riot , &c ., and sentenced to three years'imprisonment . On his release he joiBS the abortive plot of the 10 th of April , catches a fever , through accompanying an old fellow workman to one of the dens " in which poverty shelters ; and on his recovery is converted to the Christianity we spoke of , by a charitable lady , and , in company with a brother Chartist , departs for Texas , but dies in sight of land .
Such is the machinery , in connexion with a love plot , the author has chosen for working out the objects we have enumerated . A few extracts will serve to indicate his manner , and the variety of bis sty le . Here is a description and a defence of the intellectual poor : — Ay , respectable gentlemen and ladies , I will confess all to yon—yon shall have , if you enjoy it , a fresh opportunity for indulging that supreme pleasure which the press daily affords you , of insulting the classes whose powers most of you know as little as you do then ; sufferings . Yes ; the Chartist poet is vain , conceited , ambitious , uneducated , shallowinexperiencedeavious , ferocious ,
scur-, , rilous , seditious , traitorous . Is your charitable vocabulary exhausted ? Then ask yourselves , how often have you yourself honestly resisted and conjured the temptation to any one of these sins , when it has come across you just once hi a way , and not as they came to me , as they come to thousands of the working men ,. daily and hourly , " till their torments do , by length of time , become then * elements ! " What ! are we covetous too ? ' Yes ! And if those who have , like you , still covet more , what wonder if those who have nothing covet something ? Profligate too ? Well , though that imputation as a generality is utterly calumnious , though your amount of respectable animal eDwyment vet
annum is a hundred tunes as great as that of the moat self-indulgent artisan ; yet , it youbad ever felt , what it is to want , not only every luxury-pf the senses , but even bread to eat , you would think more mercifully of the man who makes up b y rare excesses , and those only of the , limited kinds possible to -him , for long intervals of doll privation , and says in his madness , "Let us eat and drink , for to-morrow we die ! " We . have our sins , and you have yours . Onrs may be the more gross and barbaric , bat yours are none the less damnable ; perhaps all the more so , for being the sleek , subtle ,
respectable , religious Bins they are .- You are franticenough tf our part of the press calls you hard names , but you cannot see that your part of the press repays it back tons with interest . We see those insults , and feel them bitterly enough ; and do not forget them , alas ! soon enough , while they pass unheeded by your delicate eyes as trivial teqigms , . Horrible , unprincipled , villanous , seditious , frantic , blasphemous , are epithets of course * hen applied to—to how large a portion of the Eng « hah-people ; you will « ome day discover to your wtmushment . When wfll that day come and how ? in thunder , and storm , and garments rolled in
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blood ? orlikethe ^ dewon the mown grassi and the clear shming of thejjunlight after April rain ? Oneof the moat graphic passages in the book is the description of his introduction to the tailor's , workshop and of its inmates , upon whom the combined influences of physical and moral deterioration had surely and sadly done their-work . __ I stumbled after Mr . Jone 3 up a dark , narrow , iron staircase , till we emerged through a tfap-door into a garret at the top of the house . I recoiled with disgust at the scene before me ; and here I was to work—perhaps through life ! A low lean-to
room , stifling me with the combined odours of human breath and perspiration , stale beer , the sweet sickly smell of gin , and the sour and hardly , less disgusting one of new cloth . On the floor , thick with dust and dirt , scraps of stuff and ends of thread , sat down some haggard , untidy , shoeless men , with a mingled look of care and recklessness that made me shudder . " The windows were tighfc closed to keep but the cold ; whiter air ; and the condensed breath ran in streams , down the panes , chequering the dreary , out look of chimney tops and smoke . The conductor handed me over to one of them . . _ . . . - '
A burst of chatter rose as the foreman vanished , and a tall , bloated , sharphosed young man next me bawled in my ear , —• - "What do you mean ?" " 'Aint he just green ?—Down with the stumpya tizzy for a pot of half-and-half . " " 1 never drink beer . " " Then never do , " whispered the man at my side ; " as sure as hell ' s hell , it ' s your only chance . " . . There was a fierce , deep earnestness in the tone which made me look up at the speaker , but the other instantly chimed in , — " Oh , yer don ' t , don't yer , my young Father Mathy ? then yer ' ll soon learn it here if yer want to keep yer victuals down . " - ¦ -- ¦ ¦¦ " And I have promised to take my wages home to my mother . " . .,,... . " ..
• • 0 criminy ! hark to that my coves 1 here ' s a chap as is going to take the blunt home to his mammy . " "T ' aint much of it the old * un see ; " said another . " Ven yer pockets ifcat the Cock and Bottle , my kiddy , yer won ' t find much of it left o'Sundav mornings . " ¦ '¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ' " I say , young ' un ; doyou know why we ' re nearer heaven here than our neighbours ? " . " I shouldn ' t have thought so , " answered I with a noit / eie . which raised a laugh , and dashed the tall man for a moment . " - " Yer don't ? then Til tell yer . A cause we ' re a top of the house in the first place , and uext place ver'll die here nix months sooner nor if yer worked in the room below . 'Aint that logic and science , Orato ? " appealing to Crosthwaite . . ""Why ? " asked I .
" A cause you get all the other floor stinks up here as well as your own . Concentrated essence of man ' s flesh , is this here as you ' re a breathing . Cellar workrooms we calls Rheumatic Ward , because of the damp . Ground-floor ' s Fever Ward—them as don ' t get typhus gets dysentery , and them as don ' t getdysentery gets typhus—your nose ' d tell yer why if you opened the back windy . First floor ' s Ashmy Ward—don ' t you hear * um now through the cracks u the boards , a puffing away like a nest of young lecoraotives ? And this here most august and upper-crust cockloft is the Conscrumptive Hospital . First you begins to cough , then you proceeds to expectorate—spittoons , as you see , perwided free gracious for nothing—fined a kivarten if you spits on the floor . " '
This is a true specimen of the actual thing . Yet it is the abode , not of ignorance or inexperience , but the work-room of a first-class tailor , a man of wealth , and , as he is afterwards described , an excellent specimen of his class , and a far better man than his successor , who takes up the " sweating system , " and deprives the workmen of half the wages earned in this pestilential atmosphere . Here is a forcible censure upon the government for its complicity in this infernal system of robbery .
Gavernment—government ? Youatailor , and not know that government are the very authors of this system ? Hot to know that they first set the- example , by getting the army and navy clothe * made by contractors , and taking the lowest tenders ? Not to know that the palice clothes , the postman ' s clothes , the convicts' clothes , are all contracted for on thp same infernal plan , by sweaters , an < l sweater ' s sweaters , arid sweater ' s sweater ' s sweaters till government work is just the very last , lowest resource to which a poor starved-out wretch betakes himself to keep body and sou ! together ? Why , the government prices , in almost every department , are half , and less than half , the very lowest living
pr ice . I tell yon , the careless iniquity of government about these things will come out some , day . It will be known , the whole abomination , and future generations will class it with the tyrannies of the Roman emperors and the Xormon barons . Why , it ' s a fact , that the colonels of the regiments—noblemen , most of them—make their own vile profit out of us tailors—out of the pauperism of the men . the slavery of- the children , the prostitution of . the women . They get so much a uniform allowed them by government to clothe the men with ; and thenthen , they let out the jobs to the contractors at less than hah * what government gives them , and pocket the difference . And then you talk of appealing to
government . One quality of the author is the power of bringing rapidly together the real or apparent fakcies of the time that pass for arguments , in such a manner as to seem to expose their emptiness . This attack upon the modern system of business is a specimen . W « ll , « ne day our employer died . He had been one of the old sort of fasionable West-end tailors in the fast decreasing honourable , trade ; keeping a modest shop , hardly to be distinguished from a dwelling house , except by his name on the windo w-blinds . He paid good prices for his work , though not as good , of course , as he had given twenty years before , and
p rided himself upon having all his work done at home . H | s work-rooms , as I have said , were no elysiums ; but still as good , alas ! as those of three tailors out of four . lie was proud , luxurious , foppish ; but he -was honest and kindly enough , and did many a generous thing by men whe had been long in his employ . At all events , his jonrneymen could live on what he paid them . - . ; But his son , succeeding to the business , determined , like Rehoboam of old , to go a-head with the times . Fired with thegreat spirit of the nineteenth century—at least with that one which is vulgarly considered its especial glory—he resolved to maRe haste to be neb . Bis father had made money very
slowly of late ; while dozens , who had begun business long after him , bad now retired to luxurious ease and suburban villas , Why should be remain io the minority ? Why shonld he not get rich aa fast as he could ? Why should he stick to the old , slow-going , honourable trade ? Out of some four hundred and fifty West-end tailors , there were not one hundred left who were old-fashioned and stupid enough to go on keeping down their own profits by having all their work done at home and at first hand . Eidiculous scruples I The government knew none such . Where not the army clothes , the Post Office clothes , the policemen ' s clothes , furnished by contractors and sweaters , wl . o hired the work at
low prices , and let it out again to journeymen at still lower ones ? Why shonld he pay his men two shillings where the government paid them one ? Were there not cheap houses " , even at the West-end , which had Baved several thousands a year merely by reducing their workmen ' s wages ? And if the workmen choose to take lower wages , he was not bonnd actually to make them a present of more than they asked for ! They would go to the cheapest market for anything they wanted , and so must he . Be-ides , wages had really been quite exorbitant . Half bis wen threw each of them as much money away in gin and beer yearly as would pay two workmen at a cheap house . Why was he
to be robbing his family of comforts to pay for their extravagance ? -and charging his customers , too , unnecessarily hig h prices?—it was really robbing the public ! ,. Such , I suppose , were some of the arguments which led to an official announcement , one Saturday night , that our young employer intended to enlarge his establishment , for the purpose of commencing business in the " show trade ; " and that , emulous of Messrs . Aaron , Levi , and the rest of that class , magnificent alterations were to take place in the premises ; to make room for which , our work-rooms were to be demolished ; and that for that reasonfor of course it was only for that reason—all work would in future be given onfc , to be made up at the
men's own comes . We might have extracted numerous highly wrought dramatic pictures of real life , but our space warns us to conclude with the following unanswerable argument for granting the Charter , as for as the working classes are concerned . Why , didn't they tell us , before the Reform Bill , that extension of the suffrage was to cure everything ? And how can you have too much of a good thing ? We ' ve only taken them at then- word , we Chartists . Haven't all politicians been preaching for yean that England ' s national greatness was all owing ; to her political- institutions—to Magna Charts , and the Bill of Rights , ; and representative parhamentB , and all that ! It was but the other day I got hold of some Tory paper , that talked about the English constitution , and the balance of QaeeB , Lords , and Commons , as the " Talismanio
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Palladium " , of the ; country ., . 'Gad , we'll Bee ; if a move onward in the same line . won ' t better the matter . If the balance of classes is such a . blessed thing , the sooner we get the balance equal , the better ; fer its rather lopsided just now , no one can deny . So , representative institutions are the talismanio palladium ©! the nati on * are they ? The palladium of the classes that have them , I dare say ; and that ' s the very best reason why the classes that haven ' t got ' em should look out for the same palladium for themselves . What ' s sauce / or the gander is sauce for the goose , isn ' t it i We'll trywe'll see whether the talisman they talk of has lost its power all of a sudden since ' 32—whether we can t rub the magic ring a' little for ourselves , and call up genii to help us out of the mire , as the shopkeepers and the gentlemen have done .
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Pictures of the First French Revolution . By M . liAMARTiNE . Darn fey . By G-. P . KJames . VoIs .: XLY . and XLVt . of the ' Parlour Library . " Simms and M'Jntyre , London . These two volumes worthily sustain the character and excellence of this excellent and popular series of volumes , which bring the productions of the best writers within the reach of the poor man , and enable him , at the cost of a shilling , to place on his book shelves as his own , works which a short time since he would have had to pay as much to a circulating library for liberty to read . The Pictures of the First French Revolution are selected from Lamart ine's larger , and well-known work , The
History of the Girondists , and pourtray vividly and powerfully many of the most exciting passages of the astounding and most thrilling of dramas that ever was acted oh the stage of the world . Commencing with a brief summary of causes which , led to the revolution and its first outbreak , the volume presents , in succession , the leading incidents in the life of Louis XVI ., from the flight to Varennes to his execution by the gullotine , in what , was then . the Place de la , Revolution , now the Place de , la Concorde , in front of the Tuileries . As specimens of the spirit in which the ex-member of the Provisional Government , formed by the third revolutionary crisis , treats the subject , we take the following : —
•<• ; . THE SBNTBNCB . : ! . . : ¦ . : " : The aspect of the town was menacing , the aspect of the Convention ominous . The passages and interior of the hall of the Convention seemed arranged for an execution rather than for the pronouncing of judgment . The hour , the place , the narrow avenues and sombre arches of this rioomy monastery , the dim lighVof the few lamps that struggled with the shadows of a ' winter's night , and threw a pallid shade upon every face ; the clash and glitter of armB at all the doors ; the pieces of cannon at the principal gates , by which the gunners stood match in hand , less to intimidate the people than to he ready to turn their pieces against the ball , if the fatal sentence was not pronounced ; the hoarse roar of the
innumerable crowd filling up every adjacent street and pressing against the walls of the building , as if to catch the first murmur of the verdict ); the movements of the patrols dashing aside the ocean of men to make way for the passage of some of the representatives who were late in arriving ; the costumes , the countenances , the bonnets rouges , the carmagnoles , the lowering brows , hoarse voices , and atrocious and significant gestures—all seemed calculated to make the inexorable fiat , already pronounced by the people , enter by every avenue of sense into the minds of the judges . " IKs death or thine ! " was the single sentence muttered in a low voice , but with an imperative accent , in the ear of each deputy as he threaded the groups to take up his position .
Persons accustomed to attend the sittings of the Convention , and who knew each member by sight , were placed at stated distances , and these spies ot the people named the deputies in a loud voice as they pa « 8 ed , pointing out the doubtful , threatening the timid , insulting the lenient , and applauding the inflexible . At the names of Marat , Danton , Robespierre , Collot d'Herbois , and Camilla Desmoulins , the crowd parted with respect , to give passage to these men who represented the wrath of the people ; but when Tergniaud , Brissot , Lanjuinais , and Boissy d'Anglas passed , frowning brows , clenched hands , and pikes and sabres brandished over their heads , showed clearly that the people would be obeyed or
rtveng ' ed . The interior of the hall was dimly and unequally lighted ; the lustre which hung frem the ceiling , and the lamps on the table , diffused a brilliant light through some portions of the hall , and along the vaulted roof , but threw . the remainder into yet deeper obscurity . The public tribunes which ascended gradually , as in an amphitheatre , till they met and blended with the elevated benches of the Mountain , were crammed with spectators- as in a Roman circus ; and , as in these ancient spectacles ,, the 'front , rows were crowded with women ) their youthful faces adorned with tri-coloured ribbons , who sat chatting and laughing among themselves , exchanging bows and smiles ; and only assuming a look of seriousness and' attention when
reckoning the votes , and pricking them on a card with a p in as they were announced from the tribune . Servants belonging to the hall moved about amongst the different benches , carrying trays loaded with ices , oranges , and other refreshments , which they distributed to these women . On the very highest grades ot the circle' were ranged the men of the people , in their ordinary working-day dress , eager and attentive , repeating in loud voices to one another the name and vote of the deputy who had been just called , and greeting him with applause or murmurs as he returned to his seat . The lowest of the public tribunes were occupied by butchers' apprentices , their blood-stained aprons tucked up at one side in their belts , and the handles of their long
knives ostentatiously projecting from the folds of cloth that served them as a sheath . The open space in the centre of the hall was filled , with a mingled crowd of spectators and deputies , surging and agitated like the waves of ocpan , dividing every moment , to give passage to the voters as they were summoned to the tribune , or returned to their places , and closing again as they passed . The first votes heard by the Assembly left all minds in uncertainty . Death and banishment resounded alternately , as if equally balanced . The king ' s fate rested evidently on the first vote given by a leader of the Girondists ; for this vote would no doubt determine those of his entire party , and from their numbers , if unanimous , the Girondists
were certain of irrevocably deciding the majority . Thus life and death , in some degree , hung . upon the lips of Tergniaud , their leader . The voters were summoned according to the alphabetical order of their departments , consequently every one watched with anxiety for the arrival of the letter G , which would summon to the tribune the deputies of the Gironde , and Yergniaud the first . As it was called , all conversation ceased , all eyes were turned upon him alone . He slowly mounted the steps of the tribune , collected himself fora moment , with his eyes bent on the ground like a man who reflects for the last time before acting , then in alow voice , as if struggling , with the feelings which still appealed within him , he pronounced the word " Death .
The silence of astonishment seemed to have suppressed the very - breathing in the hall . Robespierre ' s lip curled with an almost imperceptible smile ; Danton shrugged his shoulders , and whispered to Brissot , . "Boast of your orators , now : sublime words—coward acts ! What can be done with such men ? Speak to me no more of them ! Their party is lost . " Hope died away in the hearts of the few friends ol the king who were concealed in the hall and amongst the tribunes . They felt that the victim was surrendered by the hand of Tergniaud . The voting continued . All the Girondists , Buzot , Barbaroux , Pethion , Isnarn , Lasource , Salles , Briseot , Rebecqui , voted with Tergniaud for death . The greater number added the condition of suspension
of execution . The Mountain , almost without ex' eeption , voted for death . . Robespierre , condensing in a few words the substance of bis first discourse , attempted to reconcile his horror of the punishment of death with the condemnation that fell from his lips . He accomplished it by asserting that tyrants were an exception to humanity , and by declaring that his tenderness for the oppressed prevailed in biB heart over pity for the oppressor . The Duke of Orleans was summoned the last . A profound silence followed bis name . Sillery , his friend and confidant , had voted against death ; and every one expected that the prince would act like his friend , or claim exemption from voting in the ' name of nature and kindred . Even the Jacobins considered him exempted , but he would not admit the plea himself . Slowly and without emotion he ascended the tribune , unfolded a paper which , he held in his hand ,
and read with a stoical demeanour the following words : — " Solely occupied with my duty , convinced that all those who have attempted , or may attempt in future , to maintain a sovereignty over the people , merit death ; I vote for death Y , These words were received in silence and astonishment , even by . the very party to whom the Duke of Orleans seemed to offer them as a pledge . No look , no gesturo , no voice rose even from the Mountain to app laud him ; a shudder ran along the benchesand tribunes of the Assembly , and the Duke of Orleans descended from the tribune confused and doubtful from these first symptoms of the effect of the act he had committed . The examination of the votes was tedious and full of doubt and anxiety . Death and life , as in a struggle , were alternately in the ascendant , according as chance had grouped the suffrages in the lists drawn by the secretaries . ' , ; ,, „ , Tergniaud read the result of the scrutiny . Tho convention consisted of 727 voters : of these 334
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rf « S £ i r ^ aniahment ; or imprisonment ; 387 for death including those who voted for death oh the condition of suspension of the execution . The votes for death therefore exceeded by fifty-three those for E i ! u t ; bu * ^ ducting the forty-six votes for deatMUh a reservation , there remained only an S ^ W ? # Beven suffrages for de ath . Thus the . displacing of three votes would have been sufficient to alter the judgment . It was therefore the twelve _ or fifteen chiefs of the Gironde who had flung the decisive . wei ght into the balance . Death , Se GiSSs W 18 h ° f the : JaCObinS Wa 8 the aCt °
The parting of . the King with hia family , previous to his execution , is powerfull y described . - The commissioners did not dare to allow the interview to be private . They deliberated , therefore , how best to reoonoile t « e intention of the decree with the rigour of 2 £ A ' , , fin winged that the meeting should take place , m the dining-room , which communloated by a glass door with another apartment " ni !! ^ commissioners agreed to station them-Hi ' a £ ? $ * ° Z was t 0 remain closed upon the king and his family ,. but . the commissioners would have their eyes fixed on them through the glaBs . By this means if their attitudes , gestures , and tearsi were profaned by the glance of strangers ;
tneirjfordsnt least would be inviolable . A short time before the princesses descended , the king left the turret , enjoining bis confessor hot to appear , least the presence of a priest might reonl the thought of death too vividly to . the- mind of the queen .. He then paBBed into the dining-room to prepare : the space -necessary for the interview . " Bring a glass and some water , " said he to his servant , Clery showed him a carafe of iced water already on the table . " Bring some water that is not iced j" said the king ; - " for if the queen drank of that it mi ght make her ill . " At length the door opened , and the queen , holding her son bv the
hand , was the first to enter ! She sprang into the arms of the king , and made a rapid movement as if to lead him into his own chamber , out of sight of the spectators . ; "No no , " said the king in a low voice , pressing his wife to his ' , heart , and drawing her-back into the' dininjg-rbom , ' " I oan only see you here . " , Madamb Elizabeth followed with the princess royal , , and Glery olosed the door on them . The ; king , gently forced Marie Antoinette into , a chair at his right hand , and placed Madame Elizabeth on his left , while he took his place between them . The chairs ; were so closeithat the two princesses , as they bent over him , encircled his neck with their arms / , and laid thoir heads upon his ¦' ¦
breast . ' - ' - ¦ ¦ - ' : ~ :- ¦¦¦ ¦ ' ' . : ¦ ' - ¦ ' ' The princess royal , with her head supported upon his . knees , and her long hair falling around her , seemed half prostrated before him . The dauphin was seated , on his father ' s knee , with one arm passed round his neck . These five persons , thus grouped by the instinot of tenderness , and convulsively pressed in each other ' s arms , with their faces hidden on the breast of the king , formed to the eye of the spectators but one pal pitating mass of human agony , from whence issued murmurs , sobs , arid sometimes shrieks , of grief , as if the despair or five souls had been blended into one to burst forth or die in a single embrace .- During more than half an hour no word passed their lips . It was a passion
of grief in which the . voices of father , women , children , were lost and commingled in tears and groans . Sobs answered sobB , and sometimes a cry would arise so sharp and agonising that it pierced the doors , the windows , the very walls of the tower , and was heard even in the . neighbouring quarters . But at last exhaustion of strength lulled the expressions of grief , their tears dried upon their eyelids , and a conversation began in low whispers , mingled with kisses and caresses , which lasted for two hours . No one without heard these final confidences of the dying to the survivors . The tomb or the prison stifled them in every heart a few months later . The princess royal alone preserved the record in her memory . . ..- '• . ,
Nothing was heard by those without except a tender and confused murmur of voices , but the commissioners from time to time glanced furtively through the glass door as if to warn the king that time was passing , When at last the sufferers were exhausted with tenderness , tears , and lamentations , the king rose , and pressed them all to his bosom in one long embrace . The queen threw herself at his feet , and conjured him to permit them to remain with him that last night , but he refused out of tenderness for those whose affeotion might have been fatal to themselves ; alleging , as a pretext , the necessity he felt for a few hours of seclusion and trantranquillity , in order to prepare all his strength for the morrow . But he promised his family to have them summoned to him the next morning at eight .
"Why not at seven ? " asked the queen . "Well then , at seven , " replied the king . ¦ " You promise that ?'' . they all cried . "I-promise , " repeated the king . They crossed the ante-chamber , the queen ' s arm encircling his neck , the princess royal and Madame Elizabeth clinging , to him at . the other side , while the dauphin , holding the queen ' s hand in one of his and the king ' s in the other , gazed up earnestly into his father ' s face . ! ' ' . But as they advance ( l towards the stairs , their lamentations redoubled . They tore themselves from his arms , and then again fell upon his breast in all the renewed agony of love and gr > ef . At last the king retreated a few steps , and stretching out his arms towards the queen , " Adieu ! adieu ! " he
exclaimed , with a gesture , a look , and a voice in which were concentrated a whole world of past tenderness of present anguish , and of future separation , yet in which might be distinguished an accent of serenity and religious joy that indicated the vague yet confident hope of , a re-union in a better world . At this adieu , the young princess royal glided fainting from the arms of Madame Elizabeth , and fell senseless at her father ' s feet . Clery , her aunt , and the queen , rushed to wards her to raise her up and sustain her to the staircase . During this movement the king retired to his room , his face covered with his hands , but when he reached the threshold he turned for the last time and uttered the final adieu in a voice broken with
sobs . As to Darnley , it is well known to he one of cue most interesting that has proceeded from the prolific pen of the veteran novelist , and , at this time of day , needs no recommendation from us . - ' - ' ¦
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The Futures ah advocate of Social and Democratic Progress . , No II . Collins , 113 , Fleet * street , London . This is the first number we have seen of a new monthly periodical intended to herald a better future for the Proletarians , to be the advocate of social and democratic progress , and the register and supporter of all movements calculated to elevate the condition of the people . Judging from the contents , we have no hesitation in saying , that the writers are thoroughly and honestly in earnest ; and this
new addition to the democratic press deserves —as we hope it will receive—cordial and substantial support . It professes to be the property of working men , is printed by the Working Printers' Association , and pledges itself to be the earnest advocate of the working men . These ought , of themselves , to constitute sufficient claims on the support of the industrious classes ; but we have to add , that The Future is varied in its contents , and written with considerable ability ; v-Of ' the spirit in which it is conducted , our readers may judge from the following extract : —
UNION . Reformers at home having the same end in view , but who have hitherto disagreed as to means , are now coming together to adjust or inquire into those differences , which have hitherto kept them apart , fighting single-handed against the hydra-headed evils of society , and are now seeking common ground on which they can stand , shoulder to shoulder , and with their combined energy and strength do battle against I gnorance and oppression . Two parties who have long been in the holy crusade have already met for the above specific purpose —they are the Social Reformers and the Political Reformers , otherwise Chartists and SooialistB .
Both hayo for years laboured assiduously in their own way—sometimes . quarrelling with each other —and both have done much good , but expect to domuoh more in a less space of time than heretofore when this common ground which they seek can be found : God grant that it may ! If we come to 8 ift the why and the wherefore of the long separation of these two bodies , I think we might discover it to be very trivial , or at least not sufficient to warrant a division among the army of the people . The great difference between them is -one believes redemption can be ' attained best through tho re-organization of the social arrangements of society by the people themselves without the necessity for legislative interference ; the other ,
letting alone social questions for the present , argue the impossibility of reform of any pormancy or extent unless supported , backed , proteoted by parliament ; for , say they , government constituted as it is of those who deem the rights and privileges we , the working olasses seek , inimical with their own , will never ( having the power and will to prevent ) permit us to , have them i and , therefore , all our endeavours are of no avail , seeing that they can be annihilated , whenever those individuals choose , and that will be , of course ,- when we are bettering our condition at the expense of a little of their superfluities . Again , the Social Reformers assert , the people , as yet , w , ould bo no better with the Charter than they are now without it , because they understand not what their social position
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should be . The classes now in possession of power , legislatorlal and social , make a'lamentable use , of it . And why ? ' Because inVth ' e ; majority of cases they know ; no better . Supp ly their places , with othera equally misinformed , and you will only reap the same harvest of disappointed hopes and suffering . • ¦ - ¦¦ ¦ : . - ' ¦ - ¦*¦ : ' > - ; ' ¦ " ¦ ' ¦ '¦¦¦ s This , then , being the views of the two ' partiea , it is , evident tho first and greatest duty . to be ao oompliahed by . each , body ^ in ,. order , to ? :. the attainment of their end is the awakening of the great mass of the people from the dark deep ignorance in which they are- now steeped , to a knowledge of tho misery , injustice , and degradation heaped upon : them in consequence , '¦' . For it is too true , whatever may be said to the contrary , that all
governments are but reflexes -of the people they govern ; aye , even though not one-hundredth , part . of . the people are what , is termed represented therein ^ -ihe ' y are ever , a ' ud , always represented therein ! How so ? . . Thus : Suppose twenty men ruled by one — if that one be ignorant , selfish , brutish , must not tho twenty be much more so , not to feel their position and see his errors . Thus is the ignorance of the governed represented in that of the governor . So is ifcwith nations—so is it with ! this . country at present ; the great mass , of < its-people are more ignorant than their rulers , and the ¦ task of the enlightened few must be to enlighten the many ; and when that is accomplished , the one man
unaided cnuld no more hold out against , the twenty than could ; an aristocracy against a peopled Here , it is evident , can be found a common ground for action , and as it should be and ts the first that ought to bo taken ; inasmuch as there must be shown evils and wrongs to ; exist before persuasion to adopt other arrangements : can be consistently used . Another common ground upon which it is pretty certain our Social and Political friends can unite is the advocacy of Land Common Property , which , though in other words , is a declaration' that all men are equal ";' and what affirmation other than that isimore likely to make men think of each other as brethren , and induce them to inquire after and acquiesce in all
arrangements likely to make them live in love together . And whofor a moment doubts they . can work , hand and heart , with each other , for freedom of thought and expression—to destroy a forced Godworship , upheld by devilish means for diabolical ends ? None ! - '¦¦ . . . ' ' These three courses , forming , as they undoubtedly , do , the grand , broad :- outline " , of . . Radical Reform , may , , with a little bearing and . forbearing on each side , bo accepted as mutual i ground for a common cause , and rest assured the other subordinate strokes or touches requisite for the completion and harmbny : of the glorious picture of Salvation and harmony will , as usual , be discovered and given while in its progressive state , till the glorious task be finished and rendered ¦ ¦'¦ ¦ ¦ ¦' ¦ "A thing of beauty , and a : joy forever . ' ,
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A MionoscoPio Dividend .---In the matter ; '' of Bowles , Ogden ; and Wyndham ; of Shafte » bury arid Salisbury , bankers , who were bankrupts in 1810 , a final dividend of one-eighth part : of a penny in the pound has been declared . ; ' : ; ' ALaroe Ohdkr . —A young woman went the other day into the shop of a butcher in the upper part of Richmond Row , and with rather a pompous air , ordered , a quarter oj ' a pound of gravy .. beef ! The butcher , who is a clever wag , looked at her id amazement , and stepping up to her said , " Fray , ma am is all for one establishment ? " , r
Female Pkizb . Shootbbs .-tA ; Mrs . Simmonds , who , it appears , can be heard of at the Crown , Inn , Salford , challenges Mrs . Wilkinson , or any other female in England , to a match at rifle , pistol , 'or pigeon shooting ! for 100 guineas . The expressions of Mrs . Simmonds are very startling : she ' says ; she " is open to shoot Mrs . Wilkinson or any other female in England . " ; Curiosiiv . —A . gentleman dining with a friend one day ; was struck by the earnestness with which a little girl regarded biro , and taking her on bis lap ¦
caressed her . " Please , sir , said she ( " . tell me what is in the house next to you ? I'd like very much to know and to see it . " " And tell me , my little dear , why you wish to know ? " " Because I heard mamma say , sir , that you was next door to a brute . " ¦ ; Editors and Printers in . California . — -Editors receive 6 , 000 dollars a year : city reporters . 3 , 600 dollars ; marine reporters , 6 , 000 dollars ; foremen , 5000 dollars ; and compositors , 4 , 000 dollars . These are the actual prices paid by the Pacific News for the daily matter prepared for that paper ; The expenses for the year reachipO . 000 dollars .
Why 13 a kiss like " a rumour ? Because ,-it ' , goes from month to mouth . . : . ; . . . ., Why is a gunsmith ' s shop like a chicken pie ? Because they both contain fowl-in-pieces . "Well , Mr . Jackson , " said a clergyman to his parishioner , " Sunday must be a blessed day to you . You work bard six days , and the seventh you come to church . " Yeg , " said Mr . Jackson , " . 'I work hard all the week , and then I comes to church , sits me down , cocks up me legs ; and thinks of nothing : i !' i . _ . .:. ; .. . ¦' - " .:. ¦ •; ' , . . ; . : ' ;; :,, v ;; # 1 . A Dear Retort .-tA .. female seryarit sweeping out a bachelor ' s room , found a fourpenny pieceon the carpet , which she carried to the owner . ' * You may keep it tor your < honesty , " said he , smiling , and chucking her under the chin . A short time after he missed his gold pencil-case , and inquired of the girl if she had seen it . ; " Yes , sir , " was the reply " And what did you do with it ? " " Kept it Tor my honesty , sir 1 " The old bachelor grinueq horribly a ghastly smile , and vanished . ¦
The Ete . —It is more difficult to make the eye lie than any other organ we are possessed of ., To tellwhat a ^ voman says , pay attention to her tongue . If you wish to ascertain ' what she means , pay attention to her eye . To talk in opposition to the heart fs one of the easiest things in the world—to look this opposition , however , is more difficult' than algebra . . ; ' . ¦ The Sterling Value of a Ducal Kiss ' . —The Duke of Marlboroufeh of parsimonious celebrity , superintends personally the produce of his dairy , and not unfrequently sells the milk to the village children with his own hands .. One morning a pntty girl presented her penny and a pitcher to his grace for milk . Pleased with the appearance of the child , he tatted her on the head , and gave her a kiss . "Now , " said he , "my pretty lass ,, you may tell as long as you live , that you have been kissed by a duke . " " Ah , but , " replied the child , " youtook the penny though !" :
Thru ' s Um . — " I say , captain , " said a little keeneyed man , as he landed from the steamer Potomac at Natchez , " I say , captain , these here an ' t all . I have left sometbin' on board , that ' s a fact . " " Them ' s all the plunder you brought on board anyhow , " " Well , see now , I grant its OK accordin ' to list—four boxes , three chests , two bandboxes , a portmanty , two hams , one part cut , three ropes of inyans , and a teakettle ; but you see , captain , I ' m dubersome ; I feel there's somethin' short . Though I ' ve counted um over nine times , and never took my eyes off um while on board , there ' s somethin' not right , sonnhow . " "Well , stranger , time ' s up ; them ' s all I know on ; so just fetch your wife and five children out of the cabin , cos I ' m off . Them ' s
um ! darn icj them ' s um ! I know I had forgot somethin ' . " — American paper . ,. ' . . . . -,. The American papers s ! ate that the last scenes of the popular branch of this Parliament , were not calculated to illustrate the : dignity of constitutional legislatures , but , were , on the contrary , of the most disgraceful nature . It is stated that the majority of the Members were drunk , and amused themselves by making paper bullets and flinging them at each other ' s cheeks and noses . . One of them , being more , drunk than the rest , resented this treatment and threatened to respond by throwing inkstands , but his antagonists appeased him , and then pelted him by stealth , so that he could not tell who to throw at in turn . Meanwhile the few who were sober , or
partially so , were passing laws with railroad speed . Old English Sports as Preservatives of Courage . —It was formerly thought effeminate Rot to hunt Jews ; then not to roast heretics ; then not to bait bears and bulls ; then not to fight cocks and to throw sticks at them . All these evidences of manhood became gradually looked upon as no sucb evidences at all , but things fit only for manhood to renounce ; jet the battle of Waterloo and Sobraon have been won , and Englishmen are not a jot the less brave all over the world . Probably they are braver , that is to say , more deliberately brave , more serenely valiant ; also more merciful to thehelpleBs , and that is the crown of valour . —Me Autobiography of Leigh Hunt . . ' ¦ .. A New Zb 4 I . andeb's Desire to be Eaten . —
11 ve been among the New Zealandera , '' quoth Jack , " and there they use each other for freah grub as regular as boiled duff in a man-of-war ' s mess . They used to eat their fathers and mothers when they got too old to take care of themselves ; but now they ' ve got to be more civilised , and so they only eat ricketjj children and slaves , and enemies taken in battle ; ' "A decided instance of the progress of improvement and the march of mind . " said I . " Well , " replied Jack , "it's a bad thing for the old folks . They don ' t take to the new fashion ; they are in favour of the coodold custom . I never seed the thine mvself
but Bill Brown , a measmate of mine , once told me that , when he was at the Bay of IslandB , he see'd a great many poor souls going about , with tears in their eyes , trying to get somebody to eat thtm . Oneof them came off to the ship , and told them that he could not find rest in the . stomachs ef any of his kindred , and wanted to know if the crew could ' nt take him in . The skipper told him he Was on monstrous short allowance , but he couldn ' t accommodate him . The poor old fellow , Bill said , looked as if his heart would break . There were ; plenty bifehwlta , round the ship , and the skipper advised him to jump overboard , but he couldn ' t bear the idea of being eaten Tm . —BlachiMd .
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Un Physical Wstjoallfications, Gknerat1vb Incapacity , And Impediments To Marriage.
UN PHYSICAL WStjOALlFICATIONS , GKNERAT 1 VB INCAPACITY , AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 7, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1590/page/3/
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