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THE PRESS . . i 3 . million tongues are thine , and they , are heard Speaking of hope to nations , in the prime Of Freedom ' * day , to hasten on the time ¦ ffhen the wide world of spirit shall be stirred T ? itU higher aims than now—when nan shall call Eaeh man hi 3 brother—eaoh shaU tell to each llis tale of love—and pure and holy speech Be music for the soul ' s high festival ! Thy gentle notes are heard , like coral waves , Beaching the mountain , plain , and quiet vale—Thy thunder tones are like the sweeping gale , Bidding the tribes of men no more be slaves ; And earth ' s remotest island hears the sound ! That floats on ctUtr wings the world sround 1 ™ - ^;™ .
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The Bra of the Casars . By M . A . KoMIEU . Paris . The idea of ruling by physical force is by no means confined to the Red Republicans , as is generally supposed and assumed in respectable circles . Practically , all Governments , at the present moment , are based upon a mixture of force and fraud—the former being brought into play whenever the latter fails to effect the purpose , and carry out the will of the rulers for the time being . This fact , however , h in sue ! countries as our own pretty well disguised , under cover of our representative institutions , arid we are accustomed to hug ourselves In the belief that physical force , whether from above or below , is not , and never can be , any very
prominent or powerful element in English Government Perhaps so ; but it is not the less true , that all the writings and philosophy of an eminent writer , and one highly esteemed in influential quarters , point in another direction . With a deep and earnest sympathy for human wretchedness , Thomas Carlyle sees no mode of relieving it or removing it , except by having recourse to the rough and ready strong handed methods of past times . He is a trne hero-worshipper , aud lias done much to propagate his own faitU amongst a not inconsider able or uninflucntial section of the people . For what the world calls progress he haB an infinite contempt , and keeps his eyes fixed on the Past in order to read the Future . "With forms
of Government are nothing . Men are everything . The only effective , strong , and Godordained Government , is that of the best , most virtuous , strong-minded man amongst us . The best is always at the top , no matter from what class he may be drawn . 2 fow , in this political creed , there is a great truth , butjit ia overlaid -with crotchets aud eccentricities . It is only part of the truth , and Mr . Carlyle takes it for the whole . True it is , that whatever may be the forms of Government , in any country , they will be beneficial ; or the contrary , in
action according to the spirit in which they are administered . But the permanent wellbeing of society can never rest securely on the will , intelligence , or ability of individuals . The progressive improvement of nations depends upon Institutions—not upon a man . These ' Institutions , in fact , form men . They pro-ride . the necessary material and influences for developing the organic capabilities of each individual , and in proportion to their expansive or restrictive character , will be the amount and quality of mental power brought into action for the general advantage of the community .
M . Romieu is of quite a contrary opinion . He has . mounted a hobby which he calls " Csesarism , " and rides it stoutly . He , like Mr . Carlyle , would substitute the will of one man for the more complicated machinery of representative government . He abuses heartily all parliamentary forms and delays , and expresses his unqualified admiration of the brutal power of the sword ; but his " CsBsars " need not , like Mr , Carlyle ' a " heroes , " be the
wisest and best men of then age . He takes them without & character , and from the mere fact of their success , concludes they are worthy of power . With him , Might is emphatically and literally Right . A Caesar does not mean , as one might naturally suppose , an Emperor , or a hereditary chief of anykind , hut merely a chance product of . 'political convulsions representing fbrcefor the time being .- Gsesarism is the rule of successive Caesars ; and to Csesarism M . Romieu affirms that all countries of
Europe , and even of America , are predestined —all those at least which have been afflicted with the plague of " constitutional government . " But we will allow him to explain bis own meaning : — Cajsarism , which Iforsee has the general form of a fast approaching Future , and which I see even now introduced among us , will , on its first appearance , be mistaken , by sianyfor monarchy , —from which it differs however in one material point : this latter can be fonnded and maintained onlv
inasmuch as it inspires belief , —the former lives and subsists byltself . It tends constantly to monarchy , to wluca'it never attains . Each Roman Csesar thought to make his family endure by sharing the purple with his son , and yet two successive generations always witnessed the failure of the attempt even under the venerated hands of Vespasian , Severus , Constantine , or Theodosins . It is not by authority that monarchies are founded , but by faith . This latter feeling takes its rise in the infancy of nations ; it grows and is developed by time till it becomes exalted into a dogma , - —but it cannpt take
birtb , or even exist amidst the discussion of principles by which we are surrounded . I must be understood , therefore , to say that the present epoch calls loudly for strong rather than for-hereditary power , that no hereditary power ia possible until the day when education will- have fashioned a helieving instead of a judgmg generation , and that it is puerile to seek social fecurity in apy ^ f the combinations of the Past . ; * . . . .- § -can imagine no other sequel ( I will not say end ) to . our troubles than a succession of masters , called into existence by passing events , —important to found , although prompt to establish themselves . I term these Cassars . ......
The definition is clear enough . Csesarism means Force , —and Force , in M . Eomieu ' s opinion , resides in the sword . It may , indeed , occur that moral and material strength shall be united in one individual , —the most fortunate soldier may be also the greatest man of his day ; but this , according to the author ' s theory , would be only a fortunate coincidence , adding nothing to his Caesarism . Commodius and Heliogabalus were Csssars quite as much as Trajan and Marcus Aurelius . Attila and Alaric , barbarians though they were , were Caesars according to M . Romieu ' s definition of the word . ! Nor is an avowedly pre-eminent station an absolute requisite ; for the author expressly tells us that Stilicho , the Tandal defender of the dishonoured Roman name , was
a Caesar , —whereas , Honoring , bis feeble master , was only an emperor . By the same rule —only we are not quite sure that M . Romieu admits female Caesarism—we should pronennce Joan of Arc to have been a Caesar-ess , and Charles VII . a mere'king . .. Indeed , it is easy , after leading the . . foregoing , definition ,. to glance with the ' mind's ey £ down the long foil of the "World ' s Hi ' story , and trace the course
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of Csesarism from the great Julius , its founder , down to Cay lyle ' s Casar , Dr . Fraucia , and Soulouque , the last representative of the pnnieple . . ¦ ' * - The word once understood ,--the wonder . increases . How is Caesarism to " agree with parliaments , newspapers , electric telegraphB , jeace congresses , and exhibitions of industry ? Is the European world to retrogade 1900 years atone step , —and . all the progress of human intellect aud reason'to be annulled before the rei gn of cannon ?—Progress ! Reason!—M . ' . Romieu scouts at the words . There has beeu Csesarism from the great Julius it * fonn deMown to Carlyle ' s ( W . S ? vLH
no progress !—there is no reason !—there is nothing but force . Force is justice , —force i 3 truth—force is at the bottom of everything ] It is the onl y solution of every social problem , the ultima ratio of all human discussion ., As to progress and reason , our readers shall sec what M . Romieu thinks of them : — The word Progress has been often repeated since the last quarter of this century . The term has no meaning when applied to the moral world . Comfort , no . doubt , is increased , physical sciences are better known , a comer of the curtain which veils the great theatre of natural truth has been upraised ; but nothing has been donenothing can be
, done , to alter the pasdons of mankind , —those unchanging actors iu all present and future ecene 3 . The word Progress , as it is generally understood , is au uuex ; vni ; iled absurdity -which the folly of rhetoricians alone could have brought into fashion—a f ' sliion that will unfortunately last for a long while to come . —The noble creed of self-denial and of the dominion of the soul over the senses—the grave doctrine which arose on the ruins of paganism—has beeu the only social progress since the historic limp * . Infirm reason , which totters and gives way before the simplest problem of the mind , and which
li ; is substituted discussion for dogmas , lias thereby delivered up the world to the perplexity of deciding between pleadon of opposite causes , and replunged our unfortunate species iuto the darkness of doubt and hesitation . That which is progress for one is retrogression for another , and there is no absolute judge to settle the dispute . A sad and dismal epoch this!—replete with chaos and darkness , fraught with danger for the soul and despair for the mind ! Salvation in time ' s like these is clearly indicated ; and nations rush towards it , sacrificing their pride to their repose .
The road to salvation is indicated , as he thinks , very clearl y in his book , as far as France is concerned , at least by an elaborate attempt at an analogy , ' the purpose of which is obvious enough , and which , no . doubt , was flatteringly received at the Elysee by the profeut President of the French Republic . We confess , however , that the analogy which he points out between the present epoch and the Roman world before the accession of Augustus has failed , to strike us . One siniiliarity . fve are willing to allow , —and even ' that concerns Franco alone . . It is certain that two great captains have appeared at a distance of about
nineteen centuries ; that one governed Rome after conquering Gaul , —and . that the other reigned iu France after conquering Italy . It is equally certain that each of these two Csesai's had a nephew -much inferior , to himself in talent and military renown , whom the glory of his name first brought into notice . There we stop . We see our way no further . We find no Philippi , no Actium , to convert a modern Octavius into an Augustus . But we will not attempt to refute M . Romieu's
parallel , lest we should be drawn into . the sphere of political allusion : —we will say only that the questions which distracted Rome in the days of Marius and Sylla , and which the despotism of the Csesara set at rest , appear to us totally different from those that are perplexing mou ' ern Europe . The conflicting claims of capital and labour , the evils of pauperism , the limits of . the suffrage , and the laws which should regulate association , are problems , -we suspect , which it would have puzzjed . the great Julius himself to solve . or even to define .
We shall not attempt to follow the ^ author in his other parallels , but dismiss them with . the simple remark that he takes some , father extraordinary liberties with history , in [ pr ^ pr to make them dovetail : a skip over , six centuries at ouce in order to bring in by hook or crook , a fact to suit his purpose , is , however , just what might be expected from so eloquent an advocate of Force , pure et simple , as M . Romieu . . ... . ^ . . ^ . ,. , _ It inay ho said that such a boolc , - "by the very audacity of its extreme opinions , ean have no effect upon opinion . We dissent from that opiuion . Taken in connexion with * the steady aggression of the Continental debpots
upoii : existing European liberty—looked at as not remotely connected with apparently ecclesiastical , butrcally political aggressions at home , we book as a timely warning , to the friends . of Rational Progress and Constitutional Free- , dom , that all the world is not walking their way . M . Romieu affords . valuable insight into the real sentiments and plans . of the party he represents ; au £ we ought , to . be thankful to him for being so frank in •• his avowals .: Forewarned ought to he followed by forearmed ; and it is hig h time we were looking about ourselves and girding on our armour , when we read the following . candid and forcible denunciationof Reason and glorification of force as the sole arbiter of ' human
affairs : — It is not enough to have shown to what the theory of Reason applied to human affairs nu-y lead us , —; it is necessary to show that the theory is ho aoouer applied than It no longer suffices , but is obliged to lean for support on the sole active and enduriiig principle— ' Force . In what consists , for instance , the much-vaunted progress of setf-taxation by tho nation , and of legislative power confided to representative Assemblies ? It is merely a hindrance to the march of business which , in absolute monarchies , is directed by one will and regulated by Force . An Assembly entertains a project :. much time is lost in getting it : printed and distributed to members , in nominating committees and making reports .
A public debate . takes place , . in which every one has a preconceived opinion , which no phrases or arguments can alter . * * Then comes the vote . Two hundred ' senators happen to be of one way of thinking , and two hundred , and one are of a contrary opinion . This means . that , tho country has sided with these latter . ' The figure I t which is the cause of it , suddenly assumes the historical proportions of Peter the Great or Louis X 1 T , ; it wills and commands , for such is its good pleasure ; and if you do not . obey , it sends you , just as though it were Peter the Great or Louis XIV ., its collectors , its bailiffs , and its . soldiers ; it will have you dragged to'prison , and , if needful , will cut oft jour head .
What would a law be without a penal sanction , and what is a penal sanction but Force ? Whenever you cease to have recourse to it , aud I seethe law executed notwithstanding , I will fall down and worship your ' Progress , —till then , 1 must beg to consider it an inconvenient humbug . - "We mig ht multiply extracts , —we might transcribe attacks as virulent on the Jury , on tfie Press , on every free institution jr-but . we have exceeded our limits , and must be content with one more sample / The author indulges in abuse against thoEe covetous masses , who are always trying to improve and'better themselves ( what he terms " poisoning themselves at onr educational tables" ) , —whereas the world -would go on smoothly if they would only rett satisfied with their destitution and ignorance . But he sees no hope of this , aud exclaims : —
I have not proclaimed the power of Force from choice , —1 have merely presented it as a fact . I find it at the bottom of all human institutions , even of those which are considered to owe their birth to Liberty .. It was apparent in all the plainness of a dogma among the ancients , and has only become obscured in modern times since the irruption'of the Ideologists , a species of civil barbarians , who have undertaken the conquest of the world with speeches and . writings . Their tyranny is as hard to bear to our cotemporaries-as that of the German tribes can have been to oiir Gallic ancestors . They have disturb ed the unconscious peace of the most secluded village homes ; they have ravaged the mind and destro yed the soul ; and now remain alone , struggling among themselves iu the desolated land .
There is a mistake here . The Ideologists , as M . Romieu calls them—the champions of Reason against Force , the friends of discussion , argument , and free examination , whose arms are speeches and writings—have not only undertaken the conquest of the world , — they have achieved-it . They . have , for , ever wrested the dominion of mankind from Cassars
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and Prostonaus , inquisitors , aud gendarmes , A northern Csesar exclaimed , iu speaking of his kingdom ,-. " God gave it to me , and the l Jif not tak ° ifc from nie : " -so may the . / . 'Ideologists" say of their intellectual empire , — " Reason haa giyen , and Force shall not take away 1 " ' iw- r . ^ a ll *^> ^^ ors , and gendarmes ,
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Sir Philip Hetherington . By the . author . of Olivia , ( Parlour Library . ) Simms and M'In tyre . This is neither a translation nor a reprint " but an original novel , of . tho Miss Austin School , m which the authoress depicts with very considerable power , and- we doubt not accuracy , English societ y of a somewhat exclusive class in country places . It-possesses none or , the thrilling jucideuts and striking melo-drum-dtic ' situations' which characterise a large portion of our modern fictitious literature , but flows steadily nnd smdothily on towards the end ; and , though that end cannot be a doubtful one to' the " experienced reader
, yet , the different phases of character and the gradual development of the story arc so artistically managed , that the work possesses tea unflagging interest throughout . The story is briefly the transformation of Sir Philip—a man of good natural powers—from being a fine gentleman , ' absorbed by his dress , and his own attractions into a man of earnest purpose and sterling , through the instrumentality of a plain , but clever young lady , who thinks for herself , has . neither been spoiled by the conventionalities of < good society' or the flattery addressed to her beautiful sister .
W hile we admire the directness aud simplicity with which the story is evolved , and the fine discrimination of character generally displayed . b y the authoress , wo must enter a caveat agaiust her picture of a Radical , as embodied in Major Adam ' s , the villain of the plot . We tvustthe authoress of'Olivia , ' in her next tale , will not endeavour to make serious young ladies ' believe ; Itiakpersons who believe tho . Jews should be emancipated and thepeople enfranchise . & , are unprincipled
, scheming , selfish , passionate , heartless , lying scampE—such as ehe depictB the Major . " If she can enwncipate herself . from . ' the narrow boundaries in which « Earls / ' Deans , ' baronets / and respec ® ule people : ' -.-are accustomed to move ; aura * frrim the' still narrower prejudices ' - . which induce these people to : imagine they monopolise all thef virtues arid the good breeding of tlie world ; her works will not only be truer in fact , but more useful in mturo . - '
This . may almost seem like breaking a fly upon the . wheel ; but'in the present age fiction enters largely , and properly also , into the formation of public opinion ; and it is , therefore , a duty , on the part of the critic , to point out where such works , under the guiso of portraying life as it is ! « bear false witness against their neighbours , ' simply because they happen to be of a different party or sectarian shibboleth to their own .
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HAYMARKBT THEATRE . The town has lost too many of its old favourites not to welcome hack one of its choicest , after a long and i-evere illness , with great heartiness ; and the warmth of Mr . Wallace ' s reception at this theatre on Monday night was commensurate with Ids mnrits and his popularity , vile selected for his re-appearance the character of all others requiring the greatest amount of animal spirit and animal energy—that of Don Caosar de Bazair , in tho French Spanish drama of that name . ' The personification of this character Mr . Wullack has made his own , as far as the Engliah stage is concerned : and his
late indisposition , we are glad to perceive , , has not caused him to abate one jot of his gallant encrgv , nor damped those fine animal spirits which impart to the character of the dissolute roue , an interest and even an elevation which his vices are not ableto subdue . It is unnecessary to dilate on tho other portions of a drama bo well known as this . Miss Reynolds performed the part of Maritana with sufficient interest , and Miss Horton added , as she always does , to the general interest of the' performance . The chorusses of lively music , mid continued excitement of the story , seemed , not to have lost their poweron the audience , who were rapturous in their applause . ¦ ¦
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Vallayo , on- the Bay of San Francisco , ' Has bepn chosen as the ftnui-e oa ^ ta ! of California . - Tiie Coal Wihppers' Journal . —The ¦ London . ^ OBl-wlnpntrs uave ; sguc d prospectuses fo ' r a new Journal , which is about lobe edited by members of thfiir own fraternity . : in ti , U i i i " Eltglish tbo worst to'tes ' of cattle and i , ? fi T Bccauso the Pope seot them a bull , and they thought it «» a bore . : ' rat w-rh srATKM 1-: « > -Tlie United Stftt . s 1 . 1 ^ wi I iiii h ,. ! tnil " « ' « . . that " henofur ¦ nirhors c umfs " WUd ! ° tevW tlwi * own «» ok 8 in its
i MI V ? , 1 " ranite of « uove 4000 cubic feet or about . 300 , o ,. 8 , without ,, 0 ^ V £ «*• ° J raised at Cliewewriusliill Queries , Cornwall A bay nursery where the children of tadory operatives will be taken care of dm-ius the timr their mothers are m work , has been estui lished in . Man-Chester . PiiKSiiVBRANCK . —The old ( lackey ' s definition of " perseverance" was not a bad one , : iml will do : ' or a life inntirt . llsre it is : " Cotch—hold—hold rust and nebber leave go . ' The oiuciul Mrs . Parlington remarked to us , qiiiic recently , that there were so many intiina&iaus of her , now-a-daya , she hardly knew how to imUianifv In rself . : Carelessnkss . —A servant in Hie employ ol Mr . Ashby , nl'S ami ' tird , set , hie to his master ' s prunisos on WediifSMay week , by biirniug off a candle from , the bunch instead of cuitiiiL' the iviclc
1 lUVKLLixc—P eople should travel , if for no other reason iban to receive every now and lisena letttr / roBt home . The place of our birth nev r appears sit bwmiviul as when it is out of sight . A robust ciernymim nieeiin ) , ' ii physician , ran to hi . ie beiiniu a « all ; being askal vliecause , herepueii : — it is a 0 lony cince 1 have been sick , that 1 am ashamed to look a physicuvii in Uic Uce . " Conundrum . -Why is an oyster the most contradictory tiling there is ? Because he ' s got a beard without a-c ! rin ; And yim are obliged to take him out of'bed—to tuck him in . , ... -,.. A . Dihty DiNxui ' t . —A dirty waiter once excused a bad diniiiM- to Lord Ches'erfield because " every mull cats a pound of dirt in , his lifeiimc "— "Th .-. i . may be * was the aiiSyvw , " bub i , man is obliged i . i eat UaUatii inwil . " - *; r .
Obsekvatio ? # for F 6 reignp . hs .-Oui' fficign victors lnring ' W } K ExhibTHon , will observe many things that will he fifewand strange to them . Among others— independently , let us hope , of any coe : cion —they will » b > i ! ive Sunday . —Pumlu ' y- ; A Bum ,. —Mr . Reynolds , the member for Dublin , lately said , that Cardinal Wiseman " was lniof Irish parents , in Suviilii , iu Spain ; he lived viievo until he was seven yiurs old , and alter" tlia ' t vi-ited his own native county of Waierlqfd . " -HLiiughi . - i- . ) A CiiNFKSSlNR Pfi . VlTKNT . —A > pe' . SHIIt , ' belli ? at confession , accused l ) in . self ol' bavins ; stolen , i > me hay . The father confessor ask-d bim bow ' ymuy bundles his bad taken away from Ihe stack ? " TliaC is of no consequence , replied he ; " you may r : etib down a waggim-load j lor my wife and I are g . - . i » g to rc . toh the remainder scon . "
kxKiwwx .-Don'ii t ^ e in hope with your arms ioldud . rnriune smiles on those who roll ui-t heir sleeves nnd put shoulders to the wheel that j . mpels them on io wealth and happiness . Cut this ou < . and carry it about , in your vest pocuet , ye who k ! ie in barrooms or at the corn * rs of the streets . : ¦ The Brahmins . —There exists in Bengal u particular . clJii-s t-f Brahmins , known by the name of lv-ulins , who are notorious for the number of their marriaues . One member ' of this caste ha 1 - been known to have formed three hundred tnalriin . ioial alliances , and to have wives scattered over a vast extent , of country .
Curious Epitaph . —On a tombstone in ( 'no of the oldest burial grounds in New Hampsbiro , is engraved , among olher devices and inscriptions , an bour-gluss , with its accompanied mottn : — " My gla-: s is run , '" which by a slight operation of .- ¦ ome Yankee brain and jack knife is now made to read , 'My glass is rum . " DiiEfSMAKEus' IIai , f-hoi , idat . —The Manchester Guardian announces a new movement in tluir city the object of which is to obtain for the milliner * and dressmakers a weekly half-iiuliday on Sat a ; day afternoons , and to limit the hours on other day- to a definite period , not exceeding twelvo hours , ¦ isi .-ludmg proper intervals for meals . :
A Liveiy Union ' . —A bride of some nioiuhs , finding herself one evening alone wftli her s | n .: ise was attacked with a severe fit of yawniii ! ? . ' " You are tired of my company , I presume " said ' he , .-cmewhatoffended . "Not at all , my dear love , " sho replied ; ' but you and 1 are now but one ; ami , to say the truth , I always get stupid when lam aione . " Duelling . —An old gentleman ' , ' whose chW > cter was unimpeached and unimpeac ' aable , for some slight cause was challenged by a desolute- yciing Hotspur , who was determined that the old gentlemen should give him honourable satisfaction . The old gentleman very good naturedty refused to n « hi , - and the leilow thrcaiuncd to " gazette" |> im n » u coward "Wei ! , go ahead- ! would r ' at (> -r fill twenty newspapers than one coffin , " rejoined th * old gentleman .
A Clerical Courtieu . — Doctor Moiintiin , whose tvitpleasfed on all occasions , bein ^ at Court with Georae II ., who liked his company on that account ., news « as brought . to the King of a va .-ant bishopric . "Iknow not , " said bis Majestv , " at present to whom I shall pive it . " Dr . Mountain instantly rose , and putting his hand upon his ' breast said : ' * If thou liad ' st fnith as a grain or mustard seed , thou would ' say to this Mountain , JJt . tbou removed , and wst into the s ? c V " Coffek . —Government has , ic is aaid , at last . yume to the determination ot ' puttinga stop to the adulreration of coffee . Proceedings at law are in tho course of being instituted against several of the fraudulent venders of that article . A sum of £ 1 , 500 ba- also been subscribed by merchants interested in colonial coffee , for the prosecution of grocers and ofhers adulterating coffee with other substances than chicory .
London Delusions— The Sbming Post says , that unhappy l . nndnucrs positively live on shams and delusions : — ' Our milk contains everything but milk .: our bread is we know not what ; our water full of fighting devils of most ferocious aspect ; our white pepper consists ciiielly of ground rice , am our black of iron-filings and the sweepings of the Custom-house floors ; and the component pruts of our coffee- are chicory , burnt beans , and rested wheat , coloured with burnt molasses . " Clkvkr Puns . — An announcement of a marriage between a Mr . Thornberry , turnkey of the Armagh prison , and a Miss Hughes , elicits some jokey ! ,-oiu a punster , who writes in the Ulster Gazette . The latter sincerely liopes " there will b « no bar in i ; hoir matrimoiiinl'felicity , and that neither will'be inclined to Mt , after the ceremony ( save and except the doors ); yet I fear , if Miss Hughes does lie ! misuse her time , her path in vciUock instead of roses « ill be strewed with little Thorn-lerries "
' A Wondkrfdl Safr . —A correspondent cV the New York Courier and Enquirer writes an ate tint of a niw iron safe , which was exposed to a he ;« i chafc completely destroyed its competitor , and from "inch was taken , after the trial , a live rooster and n lump of Stamped butler . Tho butter was harder than when it was put in , the stamp remaining perfect , and the roostf . r ( l ame out alive and well , only sufferin » from the cold , and almost frozen by the coldness nl the temperature to which he had been exposed . The Test . —An Irishman bad been sick a lontr
time , and while in this state would occasionally cesse breathing , and life be apparently extinct for some time , when he would come to . On one of these occasions , when be had just awakened from his sleep , Patrick asked him , " An' how'll we know , Jemmy , when you ' re dead—you ' re after wakin' up ivery timp ?"— " Bring me a glass o ' groj , and say to me , ' Here ' s till ve \ Jemmy ; » and if t dvm't ruise up and drink , then bury me . " Climates . —If any fine has a horror of icicles , and would never have a mild temperature of the air
interrupted by the presence of a'hoar frost , let him migrate with the climate . Let him spend the month of January in Portugal ; February in Madeira ; March in Spain ; April in Sicily ; May in Lii »! aud ; June in Italy ; July in Switzerland ; August in France : September in England ; October among the forests of America ; November in Crete : and December in the Islands of Cape de Verd . In this rotatory motion he may enjoy a delicious temperature all the year round . But where is " Home , swfiet home . ?"
Aok of Animals . —A hear rarely exceeds twenty years ; a dog lives twenty years ; a wolf , twenty ; a fox , fourieon or sixteen . The average age of catB is fifteen years ; of a squarrel and a hare , seven or eisht years ; and a rabbit seven . Elephants have been known to live to the great age of four hundred years . Pigs have been known to live to the age of thirty v eara ; the rhinoceros to fifty . . A horse has been known to live to the age of revert ? vem but averaging twenty-five to thirty . Camei S trnieshveto the age of r hundred . * Sta TareT » n | - ; ved She seldom exceed tho a Se often . Cola we age . of . a hundred and four years : ravens fre-Kl ' nn'S ^ T «? » h « ii . aSTbS SS T . t 0 1 Ve , three hundrC ( 1 : Pelica » s are long lived . A tortoise has l . een known to live much above a hundred nnd niuety year 9 .
Things which may not bk expected at tub forthcoming Exhibition . - The Cimir of St . mer , from Rome .-The Passport of Abd-el-Kader , from France . —The Payment of a Government Bond trom Spam , or Pennsylvania . —The Emancipation of a Slave from tho United States . —The Liberation of n Pole from Siberia . —The Unity of Germany from Prussia . —The Copy of an Unpirated B « ok from Belgium . —The Freedom of the Press from Austria or Italy . —The Abolition of Serfdt-m from Russia . — Punch .
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THE DUST OF DEAD MES'S GRAVES . BT EXULT VARSDEIX , The ashes of the smoulderin g oak To men no history tell , ° Of how , in by-gone years , it grew , Luxuriant and well . - They speak not of the summer breeze , Tliat through its brauches stray'd , "When lowing herds and fleecy flocks Reclined beneath its shade . 2 for state they how the woodman came , Aud cast a ulnuce around . Esheid the monarch of the field ,. And fell'd it to the ground . So , too , the dust of dead men ' s graves , How foicvless and how mute ! Hott all unknown its aucieut fame , Its credit aud repute . * The dust within the lone church aisle , The sexton sweeps away , Was it of prince or peasant born , In life ' s momentous day ? The , whirlwind Wafts it ' mid the tomhs , 2 ipr canst thou tell , O man ! Which is the fii . e patrician flour— * , Which the plebeian bran . - :
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V Rovings in the Paci fic , from 1837 to 1849 , with a Glance at California . By a Merchant . 2 Vols . London : Longman and Co . The ^ author of these volumes left England in 1837 as an adventurer , to seek his fortune . He says that " blighted hopes arid ruined affections "—but the context would rather
imply the Impossibility of finding any opening in England—disgusted him with his country , and he determined to go- abroad anyhow or anywhere . Making confidants of soino staid commercial men , who " used the ; house' ' where he was stoppiugin the Borough , one of them got him a passage to Sydney in a convict ship , on the condition of his making himself" useful . He had advantages in point of mess , and might have had in some other respects , but , preferring to grapple with difficulties at once , he worked his way to Sydney as a foremast-man . There he procured several situations ; but not findiug the colony sufficiently answering his pecuniary hopes , he " started in 18 iO as a merchant ad venturer . He
made several voyages to New Zealand—he purchased , a vessel wrecked on a reef , in latitude 21 dug . 41 min . South , and aboui <* 74 deg . ] 4 min . East longitude , with several thousand dollars buried in the saud , a half of which he ; fortunately recovered : Ife estab-Jished a trade in Biche de mer ; . he jfmploy 4 & native divers in a diving' speculation ftt mother-of-pearl shells , with the ^' chance of ' pearls ; though bitterly opposed to £ he French " at Tahiti and involved in frequent squabbles with them , he took contracts from the Governor ; and , in short , sailed whithersoever there was business to be done at a probable profit . The field of his operations extended from j \ ew Zealand to the Sdndwich Islands and California , and from Vajparaiso to the Philippine
Islands and Canton ; in the course of his voyages to and fro he touched more or less frequently at the principal groups of island ' s i ' n the Pacific , and at many places only known b y name to professed geographers ; but Tahiti was his head-quarters , and after his marriage to the daughter of an Englishman his established home ^ in spite of the French occupation . The book is not without interest arid novelty in many parts , but it does not equal the expectations which the opportunities of the author might fairl y raise . The _ author looks at matters too much in . thte grading point of view , without having the variety of knowledge , or reach of mind , which are necessa ^ to give general interest to ; the commoner goings of mercantile adventure . ' ' -
_ The island of Rotumah was a sorlf of occasional station for our author . ' Nearfit was a reit farkable object , called' the" spltfrock ;" a small island split in two by some co-Avulsion of nature , leaving apassage through it . A . visit niadetothis place in company with a man named Emery , who hattlived for -some years on a neighbouring feland to which he had given his name , is one of . ; the most interesting passages in the book i fpr ' thie picture of won-, derful . natural phenomena , as $ ' ell as of . the power tliat man can JEittain in iaats of agility . " "W . fs . teered for the south side of the island that we . might paddle thro ' ugh the " split . " : As we nearedj the weather was so calm , that though" no soundings could be obtained close to * h " e island
anU the sice we were rounding rose perpendicularly fronvthc water , the long glassy undulations of the oqgan laved the rocky base without creating a ripple . We approached within an oar ' s length of this immense ' rock : its grandeur imposed feelings of awe , aaid Ic 6 uld ; 8 carcely reconcile my mind that . we were iu a safe position ; however , I left it to Emery , who was an experienced hand ; On « aining the passage , I felt less at my ease ; it is only of sufficient width to admit of a canoe bein" paddled through , and is about two hundred feet in len ° tb The . two sides of the cleft correspond . exactly , m& atalioutoujB-thiijd from the . 8 ummito / the opening a massive block is flrnily wedged ; and from its appearance , I am confirmed"' in ? the opinion , tliat in the convulsion that caused this singulap phenomendn . as the fearful chasm was about to eVosn tVie
upper part of the island tottered from its centre and tumbled into the . yawning . gulf , where it got im- ' inovably jammed and prevented closer union , leaving this passage a niemqrjal of the terrific convulsions that must have troubled ' these seas , and reriiinding man of the insignificance of all his works when compared with the grand and mi ghty operations of nature . Tlie water in the passage appeared of immeasurable depth ; aiid the lonjr , smooth , rolling swell that swept through it , ' seemed like tho convolutions of some monster of . the deep . " We had only one native with us who had been to the island before , and he desired us to turn face about , that we might work the canoe through stern firstas the
, landing place was on our larboard hand , arid the outrigger being on the larboard side of the canoe , we should get dashed to pieces unless we shifted . I was somewhat startled , and being no swimmer , did not altogether relish the intelligence ; but the imperturbablecoolness with which old Emery set to work , caused me to suppress any observation I felt tempted to make . On clearing the passage , prepared as I was for an awkward landing place , I was nofquite prepared for what I saw : the island is a wall Of rock shooting upwards from four hundred to six hundred feet high , and curving like a horse shoe , the south-eastern extremity of the curve being
split anu riven into a thousand pinnacles and rocky needles . The passage we caino through is exactly in the centre ' of the crescent ; but instead of finding the sea placid in the " hollowj" as it was outside , it was tumbling about , foaming and seething like a boiling cauldron , roaring and dashing up the roeka as if trying to overleap the opposing barrier , and in its retreat formiHg such eddies that I momentaril y expected to be shivered like the rocks around us . The whole swell . of the ocean sets into this " hollow , " and even if there is no breeze , the contracting points of the curve confine the rolling billows " , which in their recoil create this dancing turmoil .
Weir was it for us that the , natives from Wea had paddled into the hollow before us , aB they were accustomed to the island , ahd ' td'land on its steep and slippery sides . The way they managed was admirable . They balanced their canoes so close to the precipitous rock , that the lushing surge broke } ust under their bows and went rowing ji hundred ' feet above them . Wondering what they were going to do , we noticed two of them plunge into the crest of a gigantic roller , and when it had spent itself and I expected to see their mangled remains swept back in its rushing retreat , thenien were standing onthe rocks hi «; h over head , smiling and nodding to ub . One of them had a long rope coiled round his waist , and he threw ' the end of it down to us : Emery gave
it to me , and told me , when the next swell hove us nearly on a level with the men , to leap with all my might towards them . My amazement at this cool request was . too great for utterance , but somehow I 4 ' Milastwas ' oesired . . Watching the favourable mo- meat ; 1 gave a spring , ' and the natives who held the ' rope seconded the Impetus , jerked vnii ) alongside them Hite . a fish put of water ; Emery followed ira-. mediately after , aided in the game way . The man with usjyftpMd already , visited the island threw himself over-Bbard , arid in a few minutes he also " had secured ^ 'fciotipgv dripping like a water-sprite . The two lefrmithe « ino 6 lost their presence of . mind and would irtfolliblf ^ have ; beeii .. lost , had not the natives from ; W ^ reassured"them and directed them how io act . .- , ¦" .. ¦¦ '*" ' - ' * i ' * ' ' * ' - ¦ ¦ "'" There is a little soil oathe summit or wall-like ridge of the islaud yielding a growth of coarse grass and a peculiar variety bfficrub . The natives have likewise succeeded inrearinga few cocoa-nut trees . The ascent to a novice is . rather perilous , and made me wink : you have to wind your way , up laterally , and at one point you have to pass round the salient projection of a bald rock where the footing is shelving and not fourteen inches broad , the rock overhead bulging forward , while below yoji have a sheer fall between two hundred and three hundred feet in depth . I waa for giving it up , when Emery took the lead , telling me it was the only dangerous spot ' but then , he was barefooted , and foryears had been habituated to eo so : the tehdernesB of my feet
would not allow me to dispense with shoes , and the slippery soles made my case more perilous : false shame prevented my retreating , but at the time I could not help considering that the object to be obtained was scarcely worth the risk . When I had sidled half way across thj 9 ve * y awkwajd paes , my arms extended and fingers stretched out nervously clutching at any little uneveuness of surface , and whilst I was hesitating where next to put my foot , groping in vain for some fissure into which I might thrust my finders or for some root that I nvght grasp , I caught sight of the frightful descent , my head swam and I was turning sick . At this monientof imminent risk , a native daringly swayed himself outside me , striking me smartly on the back
" itftlfe ! 2 | J "toto S Pii-v The rapidity prising : ' for a nomint » l 0 n Wa ? ? , fome . d is surbeen off £ centrh - f the ? an S b , od / ' m st havo poor fellow enfH ,, of g ^ , y ' ll"d 1 believe ' tho me he woul . i LI i sl pped whon ho was P as 3 ing Uon . T ° f uvolvcd in owtain destrue-IsS n ^ r divinS took P ^ aco at the Bow account 0 l £ 0 ok ) ° ' - vicinity « This is the account ot the process : — cnwdK ^' f * - ^ -- ^ kno 11 ' boat Was sedt ^ 7 rMLW -t- ° , ° J eotil ' 6 briUlcl 1 ' - ? ««« and isthl . ° dlvcfron » •» 'in all directions ; them infetrt ii up the shc ^ so lh ° y tbl ' Cff Sh £ hi ? , alW water Oll-tho k"fiVuntil wan ed o m ? i ' ? Carce ' ° r tliey b ^ ame tirerl and Si ' dl ? H t 0 - anotlier suui 0 » - " Shell-ash of thecoril ht l ° " SaTe iltcached toaiid wedged in Hie coral branches , ahnnwntlv . h « v . inn n .., if ™ ui . 6 is he passed = iWx
^^^^"^ineir urowtlV n .. ~ - \ t- \ i i jo «" , « ""•» tiie bflunm , ; , a Stl 11 calm dfl y y ° u may & * <*> flSSiSfn a- "" 01 ' twelve fathoms , and the ehelland tZu , ? r refl 3 ttt ^ ts . of thoVost brilliant form and li lUe : ^ n * of evefy concemVble scWlv-v in 0 US Si ght t 0 watoh the divers : with Kn \ i * 'novemci ! t tlle ^ wil 1 dart t 0 the bottom rack ^ n •¦ i * ttrtM ll (! neath ever ' y Pn >« r « din Sp ° continuing their investigations , by a Ho , Mi '"?* Of the ann wil 1 l > ro 1 tliemseUes norteontall y through tin . unf ^ r . o ,, i ?( , !« ,. * . ?) ,., ? l ft
hVfho » T ^ (! 8 htfathom 8 - l timei 1 «* oral tfflS ' . " d thelon fic ^ period I knew any of '" ' f *? 'eneath the water was a minute ami a ft ft < * m ' ' ° were only two whoacconiplished niinH hi"Sfr ' - fr ? ni ' Bta « roat skill wiiS i . ickntTtoi& jr ' ^ iimon 8 the "Ofai" ( stone ) . , S fn ™ £ a ' minute was the \ i 3 ual duration . tSS * « ah W theshellS ( wh , n , if fhe ^ 7 Lvffi jpOrt K * » t an angle for them ; and hl !« U « & * ere hnul >" P the coral by strong JW . % quires no little force to detach tliomi i ^ Wtonislicd on one occasion at '! "Kitnessihg a ! iv ' - ! r rone onwo int i ffcctual atten , | i ' t > f ( i tear aw&plargc oyrtor , ^ pkjhis legs beneath hi « i ;" ahd gef .. mff ! i purchase * tin ' . his feet a » ainst the coraf . . se ^ . !? h ^< ls ,-Sind fairkdrkir-ft off . When
. mev ( live in very deep ., water , tlicy complain of pains m the ears , imd they sometimes oon . e up with tbeir noses bleediu « ; but it is rarely that you ean Keitbem to attempt siieh diving , as let the shells be ever so abundant , th .-y will come up and swear there are none : the exertion from the great pressure is too painfull y distressing . It . has frequentlV happened , after a set of worn-out divers have sworn that no more slwlls could be obtained , that a tresh set has come and procurod from fifty to sixty tonVwithout difficulty . ¦ ' y
Untitled Article
Familiar Things ; a GlyclQJwlia of Entertaining Knowledge and Usiful Information . No . III . For March . A . Hall , Virtue , and Co . The ' article on the Carpet Manufacture in this number is a well written and instructive history of the origin , progress , and present position of that branch of industry , as well as" of the chemical and mechanical processes employed in the fabrication of these domestic comforts , which well repay perusal . Under the title of " The Bouquet" we have an admirable and popular written Botanical article . As a specimen of the contents of this useful and cheap , Cyclopsedia wo extract the following account of '
., A BOX OF U'CIPKRS . How little do we regard thia familiar object , vet howgreatly does it contribute ' to the comfort ' of our homos ! Imagine the days when the clumsy tinder-box formed our only medium for producing fire . Hear the vexatious click of the flint and steel as the hurried housewife vainly endeavours to direct the erratic sparks upon the perchance damp tinder . Recal the time—and many of us oanwhen a shilling , ay , five shillings , was the common price for a box of matches , which , moreover could only ; -be lighted by being plunged into a phial containing a chemical preparation ; ' and when you are comfortably and without trouble lighting your candie , your fire or your cigar , with the cheap and unerring match which modern science has biiDnlied
you-win be able fully to appreciate theblea&Ws of a Box op Lbcifers . What a - marvel of cheapness , and what a striking instance of the results of a division of labour are here displayed ! Let us think about it ; perhaps , in the course of our reflections we may nndnoth instruction and amusement lurking even under the lid of a lucifer-matcli box . The first thing thaf Strikes us ia its extreme cheapness . U . ow can the manufacturer afford to make this neat little spill box , and all these regularly formed pieces of wood , leaving tlie sulphur and phosphorus fit . of the question . for a hnlf-penn ' y « it is truly wonderful ! . Consider . 'T nweis the box , formed of an puter and an inner , case , each of Which has first to he out flora the plank then divided into the required . length ! and breadths , then bent into th *
torrnot the box , and pasted round at the corners with paper , to keep , it firm . And now the n . atchos have to be wade , for which purpose the . wobd has to W sput up into very small regular . piece 9 , which pieces haveto be then dipped insulphur , then dried , then separated , for the dipping process causes them to stick together in bundles , then dipped in pbosfor sale ^^ fi all f packed Up in boxes The whole of this process has . to be performed before we can have a box of lucilers , and yet all the remuneration which the manufacturer asks ia -trom the trade-very little moro than a farthing ? I' et ufi eee ow this modern magic is
v " per formed , ^ ow if you or wo were to set to work upon a box . of lucjfera , we would find a great , if not an insuperable difficulty in preparing the wood for ? hfn 'S * ' c , ertainl y wo could not scale off such a ? l ? v ? ?• wood with a knife - T » e manufac-K , o as a 1 ' however » wh 0 can do this part of the bus ness with the utmost precision and despatch . ^ iL ? - a , work b > ' ? team and sometimes by water , and scales up a great maiiT fir tiees in the course of a day , which scales are then by a skilful d vision of labour bent into the required shape , BlVeoj paBtedi at the corners , and finished , off by fpys , . The . ' . rapidity / with ! which' these -operations are conducted is trul y . aoiazirig .. The next step ia
Untitled Article
to cut up the wood for tlio luolfers . Thw is dono by a saw-null , winch first rends up theVr d 35 from end to end , and then cuts tho pieces into lengths of fivo inches long . These piocO 3 , which are the exact thickness of a lucifur , but'twice the length , arc then made up into bundles of eigliteon hundred each . ¦ ' " The boxes anil splints being now made are conveyed to the dipping house , which is generally a low wooden building , in some isolated spot in " the suburbs ; for of course the authorities will not allow tho manufacture of explosive articles in the - r
heart of London . The dipping is bore pciformed hy boys , who take a bundle at a time , and plunge hrstone end and then . the other into a vessel of liquid sulphur . Tho bundles aro then placed on a rack to dry , when they undergo un operation called dus ting ; to separate the splints ' which him peon stuck together by the sulphur . The during is performed by striking the eiid of the bundles with a mallet . For the best ' lueifers , this matches are twice dipped in sulphur , for the second quality only onco . The bundles aro now dipped in phosphorus , or chlorate of potash . . Aword ortwoonsulnnuraridohosnhnrns .
Thornier , commonly called brimstone , is found in combination with most of the metals ; also to a creator extent m combination with oxygen . In this state it is found m great abundance at Naples , and in the neig hborhood of volcanoes . In some cases sulvhw is obtained artificiall y by roasting copper ore . Tlie works for tins purpose are constructed at tlie foot of a steep ridge of rocks ; they are not unlike the high-lilart iron furnaww , except that the topis capped with a dome of briukwork , from which pro ceedi a horizontal flue , about the size of a common chimney which terminates iu a large brick chamber built , at the torn of tho rook . Some lighted tuel is introduced by . Wans of a . door in the W of t ; e roasting furnace , and a few baskets full of ore , broken in small pieces aro tin-own iu . As the proceeding parcels get lighter more ore is aildud :
sumoieni air is admitted to cause slow combustion , by means of a door at the bottom of tho kiln , which also serves for taking out the ore when sufficiently roasted ; the pavt of the sulphur which escapes combustion rises in vapour to the chamber , where it collects on the ' side- " and ' roof . ; each chamber has a door , by-whieji . means they aro cleaned : this is done about once ia six weeks . This rough sulphur is in spongy pulverntod crusts , of a dirty greyish yelJow : it is melted in a largo boiler , and by skimmin g and subsidence is cleansed of its impurities , and is then poured into moulds , lorinmg the common roll sulphur , or into cones two feet high , ltthfln forms loaf sulphur . But sulphur is also to be found in some animal substances , as , for instance , eggs . Our readers have no doubt .
observed that silver egg spoons snon become black and discoloured ; this is accounted for by the discovery that sulphur formed a component part of an pgg . We must , however , regard sulphur as belon" - ing to the . mineral kingdom , ' since it is obtained mosf extensively in- mines , either in combination withox-ygen , or some , of the metal ' s . Tho lareeit su lpher tfiide ia with ' . Sicil y . . Phosphrua was first discovered in 1 G 69 by .. on ' o . Brandt , an alchvmist , who triedfor along time tb'keephis discovery secret , Brandt ^ process' was very-peculiar and coinpJicated .. Phospjrprus . is now obtained from aninwi bonesby calcyiat \ on . Bones have been found to contain phosphoric acid combined , with lime- so that when the bones are burned the charcoal is entirely expelled , and the phosphoric acid remains .
This white mass of ashes being reduced to a "fine powder , is tlien di gested for a" day or two in tho form of a thin paste , which has been formei ! with a small quantity of water , and half their weWit of sulphuric acid . Sulphate of limo ia now formed , the greater part of which remains insoluble , an . I » superphosphate of lime is found in solution . This is then evaporated in a copper vessel , and tlie precipitate being separated , tho clear fluid , which is ctuetty 5 ihoBj > honp acid , has to be evaporated until quite dry , and mixed with one-fourth of its woi « 'ht of powdered charcoal . This mixture has then tobe heated in a retort , the beak of which is kept in water . By the action of heat , the phosphoric aeid yields to tho carbon , and forms carbonic acid or oxide , which is evolved in a gaseous state , and the
vapour of phosphorus , which ia condensed bypassing into water . Thus tho vegetable , mineral , and animal kingdoms havn all to aid in the production of a box of lucifer matches . The lueifers which ignite without noise , and burn with a pale flame aro made with phosphorus , nnd those which make a crackling noise are made with chlorate of potash . It will be remembered that the splints , when mado up in the bundles , wero five inches long , twice tlio length of a lucifer , which is generally about two and a half inches long . So tliat tliero is yet another operation to be performed before the manufacture is comploted . The bundles have to bo cut in two ; this is done at a bench by a large knife something like that of a chaff-cutting machine , which is brought down on the bundles by stron « leverage . The boy who performs thia operation !
compresses the bundle of matches by means of a strap , which he tightens with his foot , and at the same time works the lever-knife with his right baud . The " matches are now of the proper length " , in fact they arc finished , and the boxes are quickly filled , rolled uj > in packets of a dozen , and gent out to the trade . Tho wholesale price for the best lueifers that is thoso which have been twice -dipped , is 4 d . per dozen boxes ; for tho inferior quality , 2 Jd . and 3 d . per dozen . In London there are about ten manufactories , and the average number of boxes made at eaoh is about 7 , 0 . Ci 0 d ; iil y . Two thirds ofthis quantity aro exported or sentout into thocountw , the other third is oon .-umed in London . It has been calculated that London consumes about four million boxes of lucifer matches annually , hut we should ima gine this was much under the mark .
But beyond all this , lucifor matches ' claim our sympathies as a means of livelihood to hundreds ; aud although the uncharitable and the hard-hearted may say their sale forms ' a cloak of idleness , yet we believe , that without them , many who now earn a scanty pittance would literally starve .
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i , 5 ., Carnivai ' I" Paris .-We read in the Gazette des Tnbimaux : ~ "M . G , a superior employe of a public administration , attended one of the recent masked balls at the opera , and while seated alone m a box was . joined b y an elegantly attired domino . Presently he got . into conversation with her , and she was very polite . After a whilo she consented to aocept a supper , and then took off her mask The gcutlemau saw . ttaat . she was young and beautiful , and demanded to be allowed to visit her , but she refused to give him her address " , because she said sho . was married . She also forbade him to follow , her . She , however , promised to write , and a few days after he received a letter , in which , after stating that her husband was absent , and that she
wa g ° g , to a ball the next evening at Bour « ct withone of her female friends , she gave him permission to accompany her , and said that her friend would present him to the family by whom the hall was to be given , as a relativo . The place of appointment sho fixed at eleven o ' clock at night , at the corner oi the Rue Laffitte , and said rite would be m a carriage . At the time appointed' a carriar a drove up , and the gentleman ,. who was waiting , entered it and found his charmer and her friend . The vehicle drove off rapidly , and the gentleman got into such a delightful conversation that he did not notice the direction taken . All at once tho oarria « o stopped , and the ladies saying , This is the place " !' alighted . The gentleman was surprised to seo no house and to find himself in a deserted road , but before he could speak he was seixed by three men masked , who knocked him down , and seizing him
by the throat told him that if he moved they would strangle him . They then toek his watch aud money , and even stripped him of his clothes , after which they aDd the woman entered the vehicle and drove rapidly off . . Mr . O wandered about some time , and at last found himself in tho village of Bobigny . Ho knocked at the door of the house occupied by the deputy mayor , and that person on hearing his story gave him hospitality . Tho deputy mayor alao sent the gendarme 3 in search of the thievos , but notwithstanding all efforts they have not yet been discovered . " Death of the Eabl op Harringtos —This nobleman expired on Monday morning at Brichtcm after a short illness , in his 71 st year The 'fitt ft the title is the Hon Leicester Fitzeerald ?» , „» L ( brother to the late earl . ) Lord S ^ lT ^ A c «? onelm the armyj ; and hi 8 success r 8 acon * nunder of the order of . the Saviour
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| lt Mahcii 8 , 1851 . of 7 mf ~ : r = r : ; :::::: r ; := — - ^^ ^^^ ~ , ^^ . q . rZ ^^^^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 8, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1616/page/3/
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