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THE CLOUD . { Imitated from the German . ) One sultry morn , out of the sea wave wild Ji speck-like CJoud arose , and , like a child Vlajfull ? glided up the broad blue sky , And o ' er the sun-parched hills all broVn and dry . Onward she glided , through tho azare air Borne by the breezo without or toll OV care Till looking down in her etheraal joy , She marked Earth ' s labourers at their hard employ . " And oh ! " she said " that I could something do To ease the burthens of yon toilsome crew , 5 o give the hungry food , the thirsty
drink—The tiiougut 01 good is very sweet to think . " Tho day advanced—and the Cloud greater grew , And greater still ; and her desire to show Some kindness unto Mankind , greatened too . The heat waxed fiercer , until all the land Burned in the Sun ' s rays like a mighty brand . Ill could Earth ' s labourers their toil endure , Though still they toiled—for they were very poor . -And many a look , from time to time , they sped Tow ' rds that fair cloud ; beseeching looks , that said : c "We famish for rhy bounty for the sake ¦ Of pity , iu a showery blessing break : "
"I keel , and I w ill help you , said the Cloud , And tow ' rds the Earth herbounteousbeingbowed . ¦ But then recalling a tradition she 2 Iad , when a child , learned from her native sea ; Tiat when a cloud adventurer from the ikies Too near the altars of the hills —« he dies 1 Awhile she wavered , and was blown about Hither and thither , by the winds of doubt . Sut in the midst of Heaven at length all still She stood , and said within her 3 elf— " I will ! Tea , iti the glad strength of devotion , I " Will help you , though in helping you—I die I "
Filled—permeated with , this thought , the Cloud Sept greatening still , as earthward still she bowed . Oh , never crewhile had Bhe dreamt her state So great might be—beneficently great 1 O ' tr the parched field ? , in her angelic love Sbc spread her wings even like a brooding dove ; Till , as her purpose deepened into storm , So awfully majestic grew her form , That men and beasts all treiubled at tho "View , And the tree 3 bent before her , though they knew Thai near , in her , their destined benefactress drew .
" Tea , I mllhelpyou , " said the Cloud again : " "Receive me—I will die for you—in rain !" Suddenly flashed then through her full-grown form The glory of her will—the firstling of the storm ! The thunder followed , a terrific sound Loud doubling an-I reverberating roimu . Strong was her will , hut stronger still the power Of love that now dissolved her in a shower , Dropping in Dlessings , to impregne the Earth " With" Health and Plenty at one blooming birth . She bled in rain—bled even as Martyrs bleed ; Bled unto death , and glorious was the deed !
Far as the rain extended o ' er the land , . A splendid bow the freshened prospect spanned , As the last greeting of that pure and dove-Like spirit of self-sacrificing Love . The Kainbow vanished , but the blessing craved , Long rested on the land tho Cloud had saved . ( Harpur ' s Wild Bees of Australia . From the People ' s Advocate , Sydney )
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Tibet , Tartary , andllongolia ; tlieir Social and Political Condition , and the religion ofBoodlt as there existing . By HExnr T . Pjoxcjep , Esq . London : Allen and Co . Is the year 1844 , Messieurs Hue and Gabet , two members of a French Jesuit mission ¦ which has long been settled in the part of Mongolia immediately north of PeMn , set out on an exploring expedition westward along tho course of the great Chinese wall into Tibet ; resolved , if possible , to penetrate to Lassa , the capital of thatconntry , —and to ascertain by personal observation something respecting the social and religious condition of a part of tho word hitherto all but totally
unknown to Europeans . After a journey of eighteen months , daring which they suffered the most frightful hardships from fatigue ' scantiness of food , and the incredible cold prevailing oa Ibe high table-lands which they lad to cross , they reached Lassa on the 29 th of January , 184 G . Here they intended to reside awhile , to stud j the language and customs of the Tibetans , and , above all to make themselves acquainted with the religion of Uoodh as believed and practised at its central seat , the residence of the Delai-Lama , the EODrsme pontiff of the whole Boodbist world . Their intention , however , was frustrated by 3 v 5-Shen , the Chinese Commissioner residing at the Court of Lassa : —tho same Chinese
councillor of state who had conducted the negotiations with the British Admiral and € apSain Elliot at the commencement of the war with China in 1840 , —and who , after aarrowJy escaping decapitation for having consented in those negotiations to cede Hong Ivong to the British , had been restored to imperial favour , and senton a difficult emergency to look after the imperial interests in Tibet . Tie Deiai-Lama being but a boy of nine years oU , —and excluded at all events by the
rales of his pontificate from direct concern in civil matters , —the ostensible government in hassa was in the hands of a native regent : — i \ ie y-sai power , liowever , was exercised by Ki-SLea , as the extraordinary representative o ? tlie Chinese Emperior . Acting in the true spirit of Chinese policy , the Commissioner had no sooner seen the missionaries , and ascertained tlieir purpose of teaching Christianity m Tibet , than—against the wishes oftheTioetaa regent , who was greatl y disposed to farour them—he insisted that they should
separfe . The missionaries remonstrated ; but though courteous Ki-Shen was inexorable : — aor would he listen to their earnest re ^ nest that they should be allowed at least to return throngh India . Providing them witU an escort , he sent them back direct through Tibet and China- by a route somewhat different from that by which they had come : —showing his confidence in them , however , by secretly entrusting them with two chests of treasure , lis ova property , which he begged them to deliver , as addressed , at Chhig-ton Fou , o city of China through which they had to pass . Accordingly , the missionaries , after a march of three months , during whicli they travelled
3 . C 80 miles , found themselves fairly -within China Proper—where a tedious trial awaited them before the Chinese tribunals . Dismissed at length , they reached JJongoliain safety , after having performed with rare conrage and fortitude one of the most remarkable journeys ever undertaken . A narrative of the journey , in two volumes , hasjasfc been published by M , Hue , and has attracted great attention in France . Tho larger portion of Mr . Prinsep ' s volume consists of an abstract of M . Hue ' s narrative , snd the real interest of tlis volume begins -aiili the nn-ival of the missionaries at Lassa . The following is an abridged description of that singular city of central Asia : —¦
Tie housa oi Lassa are descrite'l as large , and 3 . V 6 fresh -whitewashed and painted every year , so is to present a gay appearance , but -within they ere filthy in the extreme , cleanliness being no characieristie of a Tibetan or Tartar . The missionaries foar . ii a lodging at Lassa , in a Ijoase of entertr . mneiH , where there were fifty other Jokers , and lared an upper room , to which they were compelled to mount by a ladder of twenty-sis Etep 3 . It had for oLinniey a hole in the roof—net a comfortable substitute iu the depth of winter ; but even , this W 3 S
preferable to rctahiing the smoke of the argol fuel in the room they Inhabited , which those below "KCre compelled to snbmit to . Tee city of Lassa hss no -wail , but 13 surrounded by garden suburbs . The streets are broat ! , well laid out , and clean * i ; 02 £ li , i . m tlie suburbs are Shhy it the exireiao . ^ herc- is one quarter , however , the houses of which ' co described as most picturesque , tlio wails being htj&i of t ; : a Loins of cattle and t ! : eep , intc-Kfiixed * Jih : 3-fis . jty cf designs , snd cemented together vriw asM-fri- between .
Ti . c- account of the reception of the mis ^ - .-vk-s ly the Tibetan regent acl 1-y tin '' ¦ - >' ¦ ... in i :: i-i :: j ' t « i '_ :.: rv Ki-Si : e'i is iiiU-resl
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ing ; ana conveys in particular a hig h impression of the firmness and ability of the Chinese official , The missionaries reported themselves to tho authorities at Lassa , a 3 Lamas of the We 3 t come to inquire after , and to preach the truth . They were immediately - visited by an inquisitive Chinese who came to inquire what they had to sell . " Nothing , " they said , "but their old saddles . "— Exactly what I want , " said he ; and in bargaining , asked multitudinous questions calculated to elicit all particulars regarding the strange visitors to tho holy city . Four similar visits of inquiry for merchandise did the missionaries receive on the same day . It was evident that these were all spie 3 . At the Ills' * ATM ! PAYlTMVtra in Tlnti 4- */ itit > ltt a Vilrvll lmTir / JQ .
dinner hour they were summoned to the presence of the Kalon , regent , along with their servant , Sambda-Chamba . On arriving at the palace , this functionary surveyed them curiously for some time without saying a ¦ word , ¦ whereupon they said to one another in French : " He seems of good disposition , we shall fare well . " Though said in a whisper , they were immediately called upon to repeat what they had said ; which they did aloud in French . An appeal was then made to all present , to know if any one understood the language . The answer being in the negative , they were called upon themselves to translate , which they did faithfully into Tibetan . The regent was pleased with the compliment , and made a long speech to explain
how it was his duty to be well disposed . He then asked whence they came ; they said "Prom tho West . "— "From Calcutta ? " he asked ; they replied , "Xo ; from France . "—" You are assuredly Pelinss ? " ( Euglish ) said the regent . — "Ko ; we are French . "— " Can you write V said he . — They said " Yes "; whereupon ink and paper were provided , and they vrere told to write something in their own language . They wrote , " Que sen a I'hotmne de eonquerir It monde entier , s'il vienta pardre son time V Tliey were made to write the translation of tins in Tibetan , Mongolian and Chinese , which they did , exciting the admiration of the court at their learning and profound doctrine . In the midst of this Kishea came to the palace , and the examination was renewed before him ia a diSerent spirit . They saluted him in French form , without falling on their knes , merely taking off their caps and bowing low . "'Tis well" he said , " you follow the
customs of vour country ; they tell me you speak correctly tbe language of rekin . Let 11 s converse in that . " The missionaries said their language would be found faulty by such a judge , but his intelligence would penetrate the meaning . "PurePekin !" he exclaimed , " you French must have great facil-Uty in the acquisition of languages . '— " Yes , we are French . "— " I knew some Frenchmen in old days in Pekin , " he said . — " You might also have seen some at Canton , " they repiied ; but the recollection was not agreeble to their questioner , and . he frowned . — " You are Christians , " he said . — " Ye ? . " " I knew it ! and you are here to propagate and spread your religions opinions . "— "It is our only object . " Ki-shon was quite familiar with every article used in the ritual of the Catholic church , having been governor of the Picheli province wnen the Christians were persecuted and expelled . These , therefore , created in him no suspicion , and the examination ended in a decision that the
missionaries were plain men , without deceit , and should be left at liberty . Ki-shen , in subsequent interviews , showed a lively desire to know about Great Britain : —and the following , while curiously illustrating his Chinese ideas of things , argues a spirit by no means ungenerous . — He asked after Lord JPalmerston and Captain Elliot , and was not surprised to bear that the latter had been recalled at the same time that he was himself disgraced . "He was a good man , but irresolute , " said E . i-shen ; " was he put to death , or exiled V— " Neither one nor toe other : these
things are not managed so summarily in Europe . " — ' I know , " said he , " your mandarians fare better than we do . Our emperor cannot Know everything ; yet it is he only who judges , and none dare speak in bis presence . If he says ' This is white , ' we say , Truly 50 , it 15 white f if I 19 soon after points to the same thing , and says it is black , wo fall on our faces and say , ' Yes , it is black . ' But if one more bold , ventures to suggest that the same thing cannot well be both black and white , the cmperor will say , ' That is true ; ' but the offerer of such a suggestion will probably Jose his head . Ah . ' we have no assembly of chiefs , as you have , to control the actions of our emperor . ' "
Wiien the missionaries called on Ki-shen , by his orders , to take leave of him oefore their compulsory departure , the following characteristic incident occurred . — Ki-shen read the report he had prepared of their case . He said he wished to report fairly as well as correctly , and , therefore , had sent for them to hear what be had written , in order that anything erroneous might be corrected . M . Hue , after hearing the draft read , said he had one thing to represent , but must do it in secret , as it was of more importance to 3 Li-shen than to themselves .
He at first insisted on what M . Hue had to say being publicly stated . But on his still refusing , Ki-shen cleared the room , -when M . Hue t <) W tUltt he had entered China by Macao , in the second month of the twentieth year of the reign of the Emperor Tao-Kwang , when Ki-shen was himself viceroy at Canton , and it would be for him to say whether this circumstance should be reported OV no . Does anyone know this ? " said the JLin-chai . — "Ifobody . " Ho then tore up the report and wrote another , with his own hand , saying nothing of the time of the missionaries entering into China , and praising highly their learning and general
character . The latter portion of the volume is occupied with a very excellent , though brief account of Boodhisni , —the result partly of the information supplied hy M . Hue . Boodlusm is tho most widely diffused religion in the world ;—embracing among its votaries the Cingalese , the Siamese , the Burmese , and other inhabitants of the Eastern Peninsula , a large part of the vast population of China , and all the Mongolian nations of Central and Northern Asia . Tibet , however , is its great seat , —and the special country of the Lamas , or professional priests of Boodh , who form a large
proportion of its entire population . Hither all who mean to be priests of Boodh , flock to study in the colleges or monasteries , with whicli the country abounds ; and here are the most eminent chiefs of the Boodhist hierarchy , —and , above all , the Delai-Lama , a Pope of Boodhism , in whom , for the time , the spirit of Boodh is supposed to be incarnate and , at whosB death a successor has to "b e chosen by lot out of three candidates previously selected by certain marks , from among tbe infants of all the families of the country , rich as well as poor . Mr . Prinsep ' s general account of Laraaism and the Lamas in Tibet , Tartary , and Mongolia , is as follows . —
Lamas are of three kinds—the religions , who devote themselves to Etudy and abstraction , and become teachers , and eventually saints ; the domestic , who live in families , or attach themselves to tribes aud localities ; and the itinerant , who are always moving from convent to convent , and travelling for travel ' s sake , often without aim , not knowing at all where they are going . There is no country that some of these have not visited , and when tijey have a religious or partisan fueling they must be " the be .- !; spies in the world . In the monasteries or Mongolia there is a strict religious discipline , but each Lama ha 3 generally his cows and sheep , as well as a l . orse , Almost every establishment is nobly endowed , and the funds are distributed on fixed days in the- year in proportions , regulated by the rank attained by each member . But each Lama is free to seek other emoluments ,
such as by practising as a physician , or by performing domestic religious services , or by casting horoscopes , or in any similar manner , not inconsistent with the profession of a Lama . Some attain wealth , which , having no families , they generally spend prodigally . The number of Lamaa iu Tartary is ? extreme ; almost all the younger sons are devoted from infancy to this destiny ; tbe eldest ouly being brought up as laymen , to tend tbe flocks , and keep up the family . * The younger brothers have no choice , but have their heads shaven from childhood . It . is said to be the policy Of the court of Pekin to encourage this multiplication of the Limns among the Tartars , in the i'lea that ii checks the increase of population . The shaven are , however , the most intelligent and iaguenxw ! , if not the most numerous body of these sons of the desert , and tue Chinese pnv court to
them assiduously in consequence . In China Proper the corresponding class of Bonzes is quite neglected bv tV . e government , and has sunk into the most abject poverty . The reason jg obvious . A regenerated Boodh of Tibet or Tartary can at any time call round him thousands of devoted Lama follower ready to sacrifice their lives at bis bidding ; and these no less than the lay Tartars , whom thev lead l-v iheir relifiious influence , have a high mili-Hrv « pi ; it al !« i *! : e ^ collection of the past glories of ihe'r nice iu the days of Juugeez and of Tvmcov , to excite them to great enterprises . It is hence the study of the Cbiuwe , and a recognised rnrV of their " poiier , to ii .-soci . ite this influence Vdrfi the sti'te , } i > $ ; as the Church in Europe is ra-Mle bv most govrrnir . ent . - v . n engine of eruer and of " <* v i * < -ovcrnisci ; t . Tw UiVct ibis , the govern-¦ K- " t of ~ lV ! iin <•> = ! tr : i « tcs lar-r ' . 'ly to all the ' .-. .- ' =-= . " . ' -hu-io-i at iionsro ' t-s Tibet and
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Tal'tary , and supports the hierarchy and even the theocracies established by aspiring priests in various parts , as at Lassa , and at the grand Kooren of Oorga , using these institutions to control the nobility as well as to lead the mob . But there is at each seat of tiieocratic government ft skilful Chinese diplomatist , who advises , and even concrols , the deified Lama ; and who , upon occasions for political action of any kind , is tba prompter and director of all afiaii-s , holding the strings and wires that move the puppet , while they treat him ~ j fh all outward respect and reverence * TVehave already made our readers ^ aware of the extraordinary similitude that exists between the doctrines and practices of the Boodhists and many of those of Christianity in its Roman Catholic form . To account for m _ .. l . i _ ««_ „!__ 3 » .., nr . ^ -Jin
this similarity , it has been common to suppose a very general diffusion of Christianity QVer Eastern Asia during the early centuries of our era . Mr . Priusep , however , argues against this supposition , —and maintains that Boodhism , in very nearly its present state , has existedindependently fromaperiodlonganterior to the birth of Christ : —that it is , in short , the actual system of theology and worship originated by the Indian sage Boodha Sakhya-Muni , the date of -whoBe death a variety of proofs fixes at B . C . 543 . If this be true Boodhism assumes quite a new importance ia connexion with the history of the human mind .
The alleged resemblances between Boodhism and Christianity is carefully brought together in Mr . Prinsep's pages . As a specimen of this part of tho volume , we can , however , cite only the following philosophical summary of Boodhisni , as given by a native Boodhist thinker : — Tsong-Kaba ( Tson-Kha-pa ) the saint-reformer of the fourteenth and fifteenth ccntuvy of our era , according to tho same authority , thus defiues the duty to Boodhists , classing mankind in three degrees according to their intellectual capacity . Men of the lowest order of mind must believe tbat there
is a God , and that there is a future life , in which they will receive tho reward or punishment of their actions and conduct in this life . Men of the middle degree of intellectual capacity must add to the above , the knowledge that all things in th ! 3 world are perishable ; tbat imperfection is a pain and degradation , and that deliverance from existence is a deliverance from pain , and , consequently , a final beautitude . Men of the third , or highest order , must believe in future addition : that nothing exists , or will continue always , or ceaae absolutely , except through dependence on a causal connexion or concatenation .
Altogether , we can recommend Mr . Prinsep ' s volume as a good sketch of whatever la yet known of Tibet , —and a plain but valuable introduction to the stud y of that curious subject , Boodhism , —on which , probably , niuch yet remains to be written .
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A Defence of Ignorance . By the Author of ' How to make Home Unhealthy . ' London : Chapman and Hall . This book ib constructed , like the author's previous essay on the principle of irony . A select Committee of gentlemen with fictitious names , who have appointed themselves to inquire into the state of education in this country and into the measures to be taken for the defence of ignorance , first dine together , and then converse all the evening on the topics in which they are interested : —and the book is the report of their evening ' s conversation
First , there ia the opening address of the chairman on the nQcessity of taking steps for tbe suppression of the education movement ; then , there is a special consideration of tho prospects of ignorance among the middle classes ; after that , the Committee pass to the subject o f ignorance among the poor ; next , there is an interesting discussion of the topic of ignorance at the Universities ; and finally , just before the company join the ladies in the drawing room , there is an exchange of opinions on the condition of ladies' schools . Every page contains ingenious turns of wit and humour .
Here is an account of the state of education among the Chinese : — These ridiculous Chinese ' are educationists . Ridiculous , I call them ; insignificant . Tell me that without China , Europe would not have been ; that if the Chinese had not flung aside the Huns , the Huns would not have knocked against the Goths , the Goths would not have knocked down Rome , and so on ; I say , Pooh I ily wife ' s silk dress she WOUld hSLVft bought at an alarming failure without Chinese intervention . As for tea , we were much better men when we had beer for breakfast . I laugh the Chinese to scorn , and I will not believe that they invented Punch . Punt-se , the son of an Inch , may beat his Chinese Judy . 1 believe that some
Chinaman must have been in England about the time of the Saxon heptarchy , and have seen Punch performed . Or how do we know that the Phoenicians when importing tin from our shores did not import from the same place into A 9 ia Punch ' s shows . Nay more , are we certain that a fossil Punch will not be discovered in the Stonesfield slate , or in the London clay ? At any rate the Chinese are ridiculous , and I will let you see down to the bed of their ., transparent folly . They are mighty educators . To every joss house they attach a school . So far , it is well tbat their schools arc connected with their churches . But the absurdity of the Chinese takes all pleasure and excitement out of this arrangement , because they have
notsense enough to make their ] oss houses like Christian churches , tents of warriors at bitter odds with one another . These Chinese day schools are supported by the government , and by parents , according to their ability . There is one master to twenty or thirty boys , and there he sits , with spectacles not much smaller than saucers on la ' s nose , a pipe in his moutb , a tenpot afc his fingers' ends , and a great noise in his ears . For nearly all the boys aro learning their lessons aloud , each at his own little table ; a mischievous young rascal is fingering his master ' s tail to the infinite disturbance of a dunce who is endeavouring to shriek his lesson down the master' 9 ear . Boards are for slates , and brushes dipped in Indian ink are for
slate pencil . Writing is practised by aid of transparent papev , aud a big cans lashes the master ' s table now and then , making the saucers jump and little Chinese hearts jump with them . But the Chinese do worse than this . They have in each province a chancellor of learning , class all people in thejr educational degrees , and reserve posts of trust and honour and emolument , for whom ? The well-born man ? Ko , for the raw student ! In a great hall of education , surrounded by groves and gardens , sit dominies at certain periods in each large town , to inquire into the proficiency of candidates for the first degree of Sew Tsae or " flowering talent . " Not to have entered this class is to want respectability in Chinese eyes . They who have been admitted are exempt from being whipped , exceiit by order of theomperor or of his
representatives . They who have thus redeemed tneirsmns may at a future time present themselves for a severer scrutiuy at a solemn triennial examination . They who in ' this have satisfied the strict examiners , become hew Jin , " promoted men , " and are entitled to wear hoots ! A higher degree is offered every three vears to those booted men who seek to w » spurs " at Pekin . Poverty excludes none from coming to present themselves . The emperor pays tho expenses of poor victims . They who pass this third examination become " introduced scholar ? , Tsin 8 c 1 » nd the three best afc each examination are rewarded by the Brother of the Sun in his own person . For these there is finally reserved a short rope , if they seek a higher elevation . They who pass the examination of llan Lin , " ascended to the top of the tree , " ate ! i \ l the semnts of the emperor , and arc in due timo chosen to the highest offices of state . Education is the road to fame , ana
these are its four stages . The company exult very much over the following p iece oi statistical information : — There are in England and \ Yalcs Eight Millions of us unable to read and write . Of all tho blushing Briti .-h Brides who come to Mgn the nwr . u £ - register one half find it impossible to write dowi their own names . That pretty woman , AnneJonw ., is no move able than a eat to put her lorn fe name upon paper . Tom Jones is to her a signature as difficult as any , as difficult as that of the Cingalese gentleman named in a recent work upon Ceyion ,-Don David Jazetileke AbeyesiriwardmelUangaKpon
ilaha Mcodliar . { Great app lause . ) -Llcw . . pauperism costs us £ 7 . 000 , 000 a year . The national grant for education is about one and thrce-quaiwis per cent , of tbat amount . If any debt be due to knowledge , England allows it to stand ovor , while she pars mere driblets of her interest . ** l > years ago , in proportion to tho population , there were fewer blind children than there are novr . Blind in their minds I mean , through total absence of instruction . —Glacx . Tvrenty years ngo . AU . deal ; it makes us scratch our grey heads when we hear on ' r own time dealt . with so in masses . 1 wtsnty years rolled into a pill and dropped so cnrelesslv reminds us in an aggravating manner of the speen with which die libatkn of ; i life 1 hue vushe out e .
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'iXs ftKfi" ° emPty CUP 9 thr ° ™ After a historical sketch of the education movement during the last twenty years , in ™ Pestalozzi , Lancaster , Bell , Oberlin , Lord Brougham , Dr . Kay Shuttleworth , Mr ! x ox , and others come in for their share of the company ' s abuse , —there follows , in connexion witlUlie great current question of secular or religious education for the people , this little piece of comment : — n * . J __ . ..
Salmon without sauce ! Salmon , says A , must be e * t < nimth cayenne and vinegar ' ; says B fijl ™ a ' ° tattor : says C , I will not have it without orthodox fislMauee ; there is one kind of fishsaueeonl y , and you know what that is ; Dims an 2 SE ? £ ? 2 PP e . tlte /«> r salmon and garlic , while E cries for flammg tmmstone on his fi 3 n . Then a wretch comes insulting A , B . C . D , E , monstrously violating civil and religious liberty , with plates of the mere insipid salmon , saying , AU sauces are upon wt le > Salomon , and let each help himself . What if I hko wy sauco without the fish , why is nsu thrust upon me !
As the means o f exhibiting the general amount of information possessed by the middle classes ^ the author , through one of his dramatis persona , imagines Brown , a gontleman o f the City who has had a « good classical and commercial education in his youth , ' placed in a mesmeric rapport with a clairvoyante , Miss Eathomall ; who , by placing her hand on his bald head , is enabled to translate to the company all that passes there : — . Brown in the mean time , being enjoined diligently to think over all ho knows . Here is the stock of Brown ' s information , as thus
ascertained . Greek , there ' s a dual number , and a tense called aorisr and one verb in the grammer is tuwtw there ' s iEschylus , and there ' s Herodotus , and there ' s a war called Peloponnesian and Xerxes . Latin , I know gome , —letmesee—" bis dntquicito dat , " " ingenuas didicisse , " &c , and there ' s " post hoc non propter hoc , " and ttiero ' 8 " gl ' C V 09 11011 yobis , " which goes on melliki—something , but it is not visual to quote the rest , so it don ' t matter my not knowing it . I know a whole line by-the-byo , " 0 fortunati minimum sua sibona norint . " Come , that would fotch something in the House of Commons . I think it's from Ovid . There's the Augustan age , and Coriolanus . Brutus goes with
liberty and Tarquin s ravishing strides , —a verb agrees with its nominative case . English history , there ' s Arthur—round table—Alfred burnt oatcakes—Honrj VIII , had a number of wives , was the son of Queen Elizabeth , who wove a stiff frill and didn't marry , George III . had two prime ministers , Horace Walpole and Mr . Pitt . The Duke of Wellington and Napoleon , and Waterloo , also Trafalgar and Rule Britannia , —0 , and there ' s Aristotle , shone in a number of things , genersvlly safe to mention . Plato and ftiendly attachment-Mem ., avoid mentioning Plato , there ' s something about a republic , on which I don ' t feel safe when
it's occasionally mentioned . Botany : sap , the blood of trees—the leaves of flowers are called petals—also parts called pistils , which I could make a pun upon if I knew what they were—cosines in algebra , the same , which would make play with cousins—plus and minus , more and less—there ' s a word , rationale , don't know whether French or Latin , but extremely good to use—foi-cigh politics I don't make much of , not understanding history of foreign countries . Germans , I know , dreamy—IUopstock—know bis name , and think he was a drummer . Gerter was great . And I think there ' s an Emperor Burbossa , but , Mem ., he cautious , for I ' m not sure whether that ' s not tho name of an
animal . Understand animals , having been twice to the Zoological Gardens . Havo read Shakspearenot Milton , but it's safe to praise him . Fine , a good epithet to apply to him . Know a good glass of claret . Lots of anecdotes—I'll tell you one . Once at a bar dinner , there was an Irisn barrister who chanced never to have tasted olives——Miss Fiithomalt removes her hand , bar dinner stories hurt her . — 'Well , Brown , you need not look crossly at me . I know that ifc is as you say ; you havo got on very well in the world upon your stock of knowledge . You are a man with no humbug about you . You have done youy duty , stuck to business , and are exceedingly well oft ; you can tell me . I know it , shake hands , Brown . I like to shake hnnds with a man who is well off . How aro you Brown ? Beautiful weather ?
The author is especially severe on Oxford for . its ,, ; recent display of opposition to the University Commission . The plea on which the authorities of that University havo been resisting tho inquiry into its condition , — namely , tlio necessity of adhering to the ancient statutes and carrying rigorously out the iutentions of the founders of tho College , —is thus handled : — Let us take up the college plea of duty to the founders . There is reason in 5 t . The Fellows of
a college swear to keep the statutes of the founders inviolate , in their plain grammatical meaning . So of course they do . There is All Souls' for example , telling in its very name why it was founded , In this Collegium Omnium Animanim Fidelium Dafimctorum , the fellows oblige themselve 3 by oath to offer up prayers for the souls of King Henry VI . and Archbishop Ohichele , for the souls of all subjects who had fallen in our famous war with ' France , and for the souls of all the Faithful . It is well known that our noblemen fellows of All Souls' are perpetually assisting at masses for this purpose in dutiful performance of their vow . Itichard Pox , founder of Corpus Chrisii , only fell so far short of founding a monastic institution as to save his College from becoming involved in tlie
monnstic ruins . Some of the colleges were founded for the express purpose of promoting popery , and had their statutes framed accordingly . —UluIiA . Perhaps it is in obedience to these statutes ( hat many of our Oxford men have conscientiously embraced the Church of Rome . —Unu . All Souls' was founded for poor scholars . —Civetta . Which of coitee the noblemen who hold its fellowships all are , although not in the sense intended by the founder . — -Unii . They have all passed an examination in psalmody before they wore elected . Magdalene , founded for the poor , has a revenue of £ 30 , 000 a year ; of course that is all spent in tho encouragement of low born genius . Fellowship never goes by favour to the rich , not even being earned
by them , it is the heritage of poor men who devote themselves to intellectual toil . It is well known , also , that the fellows keep up their knowledge by daily scholastic exercises , to which they have pledged themselves , and pas 3 examinations to attest their increaso of proficiency . It would be ridiculous to suppose to suppose thnt after becoming Bachelor of Arts through a weak sclicol-boy ' s pass examination , the high titles of Master of Arts , Bachelor of Divinity , ov Doctor , are not tho reward of higher toil , obtained by the endurance of severer tests . It would be an insult to the university to think that she can say to her young follows , wait a little while and pay me certain monies ; for my letters M . A ., B . D ., D . D ., D . C . L ., &c , can be all produced out of your L . S . D .
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The Mormons ; or , Latter Day Saints . With Memoirs of the Life and Death of Joseph Smith , the 'American Mahomet' Illustrated with Forty Engraviugs . London : Office of the National Illustrated Library . Had a Eabelais or a Swift told the story of the Mormons under tho veil of allegory , the sane portion of mankind would probably have entered their protest against the extravagance
of the satirist . The name of the mock hero , the ignorance and waut of character of his family , the low cunning of his accomplices in the fraud , the open and shameless vices in which he indulged , and the extraordinary success of the sect founded by Mb enthusiasmwould all have been thought too obviously conceived \ yith a visw to ludicrous effects . Joseph Smith 13 indeed a curious comment on tlie
age . His revelations should be a lesson to the orthodox in both hemispheres . That the Smiths—the ( -family of the prophet—wore far below- the usual level of intelligence in America , is not denied by their followers . That their private lives would Hot bear looking into , they themselves admitted . With a Dantoulike audacity , the new prophet at once ami for ever silenced such enemies r . s adduced his ignorance , his vices , aud his debts as militating against his prophetic character , by acknowledging all these to the fullest extent , and
extracting from them an argument in favour of Iiis larger share of divine grace . A prophet who could not spell—a bible Ml of the grossest errors of grammar—might seem strange anomalies to the children of this world ; but Joseph reminded his disciplos—as CJ-eorge Fox had done on a similar occasion—that God does not stand in need of human learning , — probably uqy <> y bavffig hoard liow finely South had alread y disposed of tho fallacy when he replied— . ' If God do not stand in need of human learning , still 5 os 3 does He stand in ueoil of human ij-uorarice . '
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TVq have on a former occasion given the history of the Mormon EibJe , and the grounds on which ifc is alleged to be a forgery . But the story of the Mormons , as apart from that of tlieir founder aud leader , has mauy elements of interest . Sotting aside tho ignorance which could allow them to accept superstitions so gross , and the stern enthusiasm which became so offensive to the outer world , there is little to excite reprehension in their conduct . They suffered persecution manfull y and . with a rare patience . They devoted themselves to the labours of the field with unequalled industry and success . They bore the miseries and vicissitudes incident to the lot of a people against whom almost every hand was stretched forth
with a fortitude that melted the heart of many a sworn enemy . In fact , they proved once more that however dark the places in whicli ifc may be found wandering , there are certain grand and indestructible elements in human nature which no delusion , no superstition can wholly destroy . The tale of the poor Mormons , persecuted ia their churches , massacred m their mills and meadows , driven by fire and sword from the cities reared with the toil of their hands , journeying with their " sick aud aymg , their young and old , through the great prairies towards , the Rocky Mountains , whenever it shall be properly written , will command a generous tear from many who spurn tho gross delusions to which they have submitted their faith and fortunes .
# With the building of the Nauvoo Temple , incomparably the finest structure in America —the expulsion from Illinois—the settlement at Deseret—the foundation of schools anu colleges—our readers are already familiar . We give au extract describing the death of the prophet and tlie cause which led to that catastrophe . It is necessary to promise that tue doctrine of the ( spiritual wife' was first broached by Sidney Bigdon ; but there is good ground for supposing that Smith was himself an early convert to his colleague ' s theory , though for obvious reasons he professed to discountenance it in public :
Dr . Foster , a Mormon , and member of the Danite band , or society of the " Destroying Angels , " organised in Missouri for the defenco of tho •< Saints , " having been absent , from home , had suddenly returned without giving notice to his wife , and found the carriage of the Prophet at the door , Having been cut off from the church , and having , it is alleged , had previous suspicions of an impt'opcL' Intercourse between Joseph and his wife , he questioned Mrs . Foster as soon as Smith took his departure , when the lady confessed that Joseph had been endeavouring topersuadeherto become his " spiritual wife . " * * * Dr . Foster lent himself to the designs of the excommunicated party , and , in conjunction with a person named Law , commenced tho
publication , in the city of ftauvoo itself , of a newspaper called the Expositor . In the first number they printed the affidavits of sixteen women , to the effect that Joseph Smith , Sidney Bigdon , and others , had endeavoured to convert them to tlie " spiritual wife" doctrine , and to seduce them under the plea of having had a special permission from Heaven . This was somewhat too daring , and Joseph Smith , in his capacity of Mayor of Nauvoo , immediately summoned tho alderman , councillors , and other members of tho corporation to consider the publication . They unanimously declared it to be a public nuisance , and ordered the city marshal to " abate ifc forthwith . " A body of the Prophet ' s adherents , to the number of two hundred and
upwards , sallied forth in obedience to this order , and proceeding to the office of the Expositor , speedily raised it to the ground . They then destroyed the presses , and made a bonfire of the papers and furniture . Foster and Law fled for their lives , and took refuge in Carthage , wheve they applied for a warrant against Joseph and Hyrum Smith , and sixteen other persons known to bave aided and abetted in putting down tho Expositor officer . Tho warrant was granted and served upon the Mayor of Nauvoo . lie refused to acknowledge its validity , and tlie constable who served it was marched out of Nairn 0 by the city marshal . The authorities of the eonnty could not suffer this affront to the law ; ami the militia were ordered out to support tho county
officer in arresting the two Smiths and their sixteen confederates . The Mormons in Kauvoo fortified tho city , and determined to fight to the last extremity in support of the " Prophet . " The brethren from all parts of the country hastened to £ ive assistance . Illinois , like Missouri , divided itself into two great camps , the Mormons and the anti-Mormons , and the circumstances were ao menacing that Mr . Ford , the Governor , took the field in person . In a proclamation to tho people of Illinois , ho Stated that bo had discovered that nothin g but the utter destruction of tho city oi Nauvoo would satisfy the militia and troops under his command , and that if he maTOhed into tho city pretexts would not be wanting on their part for the
commencement of slaughter . Anxious to 8 pwe the effusion of blood , hq called upon tho two Smiths to surrender peaceably , pledging his word and the honour of the Stato that they should be protected . He also called upon tho Mormons to surrender their public arms , and upon tho Nauvoo logion to submit to the command of a State officei ' i Tho Mormons agreed to tho terms , and Joseph and his brother surrendered to take their trial for the riot , and for the destruction of tho office of the Expositor . The " Prophet" had a presentiment of evil , aud said , as he surrendered , " I am going like a lamb to the slaughter , but I am calm as a summer ' s morning ; I have a conscience void of offence , and shall die innocent . " \ Yhilo in prison at Carthage ,
another writ was served upon him and Hyrum for high treason against the State of Illinois , on ail information in which the principal witness was the Higbee already mentioned , and whose hostility to Joseph had not ended afc the trial before the Court of Nauvoo . As the mob breathed vengeance against both prisoners , and as the militia very indecently sided with the people , and were not to be depended on in case of any violence being offered to the two Smiths , the Governor was requested by the citizuns of Kouvoo and other Mormons to set a guard over the gaol . On tho morning Of the 20 tll of June , 1844 , tbe Governor visited the prisoners and pledged his word to protect them against the threatened violence . It now began to bo rumoured among the mob that there would be no case against the Smiths on either of the charges brought against them , and
that the Governor was anxious they should escape . A band of ruffians accordingly resolved that as " law could not roach them , powder and shot should . " About six o'clock in the evening of the 27 th , the small guard stationed at the gaol was overpowered by a band of nearly two hundred men , with blackened faces , who rushed into the prison where tho unfortunate men were confined . They wero at the time in consultation with t ^ O of their friends . The mob fired upon tho wholo four . Hyrum was shot first , and fell immediately exclaiming , "lama dead man . " Joseph endeavoured to leap from the window , and was shot in the attempt , exclaiming , " O Lord , my God , " They were both Shot after they wero dead , Da « h receiving four balls , John Taylor , one of tho two Mormons in the room , was seriously wounded , but afterwards recovered .
This tragic end , though unrelieved by any fine touch of chivalry , dignity , or sentiment , was the best incident in the iniposter's career . Yet thousands believe this mau to have been a prophet , and his followers havo actually founded a State > Twenty years ago Smith had not gained a singlo follower out of his own family : —at this moment the Mormons count upwards of 300 , 000 communicants in England aud America . The number of those who leave England every year to join , their brethren of Deseret amounts to moro than 2 , 500 .
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v&vmw . Dksig ^ 'G people—The wood engravers . Jamaica < -OTioX .-. T heexpeiiInent of cultivating cotton m Jaiu-aica has been quite successful at various P 0 I 11 C 8 . ; Movements of the Auistochacv . -Lo ^ Arundel has gone dovn to Bishopstow ( Bishop s-toe ) . - * Iwich . ' CoN .-Why does Mrs . Hicks wish to be blind ? - « Because she has a -decided antipathy t 0 see mort ( Seymour ) . < Refaction . —Thoso who speak without reflexion * often remember their own words afterwards with
sorrow . Worth . —There is no readier way for a aan to bring his own worth into question , than by endea-, vouring to detract from the jvorih of other men . A Doubtful Mourner . — " I see you are in black . Are you in mourning fora friend , Thomas ? " - — "No , I am iu mourning for my sins . " — " I never heard that you had lost any , " was the instant and keen reply . Pmsimv . am ) Happiness . —My mother , active , cheerful , and constantly occupied , sought pleasure nowhere , and found happiness and content everywhere . —Mrs . Qra 7 it , Tears and Blubber . —A person whohadgotsonia little smattering of zoological lore , said one day to a novice , that crocodiles were often seen in tears . " Ob » that's nothing , " rejoined the novice , " I ' ve oftenmf " self seen tvhales blubber . "
Economy of Iime .-As in a letter , if the paper fa small and we liave much to write , we write closer , 88 let us \ eam to economise and improve the remaining moments of life . —Jay , Thr National Galleut . —The Chancellor of the ) Exchequer has stated that instructions have , been slven to select a site for a future National Gullery , itt some position where the pictures would be exempt from the itgnries from dust and smoke to Jwhicll they ave now sul-ject . " Confidence , —There is something captivating in spirit and iutrepedity , to which we often yield as to a resistless power ; nor can he reasonably expect tb . 9 confidence of others who too apparently distrusts himself . —Johnson . -
Smart Keplt . —An old wonjan driving a ' f . OUT footed troop into a city , was accosted by ayoungroan with , " Good morning , mother of donkeys . "' The dame meekly but smartly replied , " Good morning to you , my sou . " a . Rkfreshinq Conundrum . —Why do young misses , and boarding ; school young ladies , at the Exhibition , refuse to lunch at any other refreshment stall than the one in the Transept ?—Because they like a " Young husbacd , " and object to haviBg " Masters . "—PtfjicA .
Steadiness of Purpose . —In whatever you en * gage pursue it with a steadiness of purpose , a 3 though you were determined to succeed . A vacillating mind never accomplished anything worth naming . There is nothing liku a fixed , steady aim . it diguifies yottl ? nature and inBiires yotlr StlCCe 83 . Thu Fitm of Marathon . —Through a private letter from Athena , we learn that workmen , employed four milea from tlie city in draining the field of SilftTtt " thon , found the place of sepulture of the warriors who fell there in the memorable battle 490 years befora the birth of Christ . —Morning Chronicle . Childhood . —Childhood is like a mirror , catching ; and reflecting images from all around it . Remembefi that an impious or profane thought uttered by a pa « rent ' s lips , may operate on the young heart like a careless spray of water thrown upon polifhed steel , staining it with rust which no after-scouring can effaue . ¦
Beer bv the Pousd . —An Irishman who kept Of beer shop noar a pound , or inclosure for cattle , was summoned to the Excise Court for having on bis sign , " Beer sold by the pound . " " Do you sell yoW beet by the pound , sir ? " said the judge . " I dpand I do not , sir , " said Put . — " Then how do you do sir ! "— "Very well , I thank you , sir , '' lie replied . Patmck ' s Day . —A writer in the Dublin Wardef expresses his delight that a friend of his who vfaa ft noted tippler has taken the pledge . l ( That family , " he says , ' had ever anil always a cruel taste for the dhrop , and conshumin' to the Patrick ' s-day . I never took a ramble thro' Dublin without meetin * his aunt Kitty in one corner or another , hardly able to balance the basket of fmit , and she cryin * thro * the fair dint o drink , ' Oil , blessod St . Patrick , just look down from yer celestial elevation , and se « what a lone woman like myself is sufferiu' in honouf 0 ' you . '"
What ' s in a . Name 1—As a familiar example ol h'lvrjjropev names become chant-ed by transporta * don to difFerent countries , the story of John Flint may be instanced . An English emigrant , settling ia Pennyslvania , found bis patronymic translated by the Germans into Feumuin ( l ? irestor . e ); unsuc * cessful in his operations in that State , he moved into Louisiana , where the French colonists named him Pierre de Fiisil ; and in latter days he departed this life in New England as the lamented Peter Gun ,
Mr . Bird and Miss Fish . —The Cambridge Chronicle has an impromptu written ou reading tb 8 announcement in that paper of the marriage ot Mr . Bird to Miss Fish , ot'Uath . — Shut in a Bath , a beauteous Fish Said , " Oil , that I had wings : " A Bird delighted hears the wish , And straight a priest he brings , Who seen a my . « lic spell around them threw , Saying , " Fish be fowl , " aud off the couple flew . Chimney Sweeping . — Housewives ivi / 1 ba pleased to hear that the clumsy , dirty , and inefficient machine now in use ia likelv to be superseded by a
oiever and effective apparai us , the invention of Mr . Osroan Giddy . An association ill Piinlico hava taken the matter up , and speak confidently as to the snpsiiority of the contrivance . The new machine is so ingeniously constructed as to suit the size and fwm of any flue ; it contracts aud expands at pleasun-, so that the brushes affixed to it pass through the smallest aperture , or fill the largest chimney , effectually removing during their passage the whola of the soot , scouring out the angles , and adjusting themselves to any inequality or projection . The machine is also so cleauty and complete that neither furniture , ornaments , nor carpets , require to be re * moved during this hitherto dreaded operation .
Sound and Sense . —A man , who attended S 0 H 19 Cattle frotn a certain part of this country to tha Royal Agricultural Show in London , was boasting in the market of the wonderful things he had botS seen and heard in " the great metropolis of the world . " A person standing by inquired what wa 9 the greatest wonder he had seen ; nnd he replied , - 'A place all covered over with glass . " Tha querist inquired the navae of the place . The ) " feeiosopher" replied , "I dinna know dezactly what was the name , but I thinks as how I knows summit like it 1 " On being further interrogated , he said , "The nearest name like it I can recollect is eggs and bacon ! " On being asked if he did nob nieau "The Exhibition , " he replied , "Thee has hit on ' t . Theo becstaschollard . andlbeuone . anJ this is how thee ' st got the advantage . "—// cve / ortJ Times .
Sudden Ixdisposition in Public Offices . —Mr . Corwiu , when entering up » n the duties of Secretary to the Treasury Department of the United States . ' Government , found that tlie clerks were sick , on an average , about half tlieir time—but it struck bita as somewhat remarkable that , much as they were sick , none of them died . Accordingly , the Secre * tary turned physician , and began to prescribe for the invalids . He issued an order that all clerkg who were absent frtm their detka a certain number of days , say two , on account of sickness , should submit to a proportionate deduction frcm their respective salaries ; and that all who wero absent longer , say one week , would be required either to cftfl or resign I The prescription worked like a chaim , and in a short time there vas not a sick clerk in the whole department . A healthier stt of men than they are now , Mr . Corwiu declares cannot be found anywhere .
jSelsoh's Coat . — Tho recognition of lhe coan Kelson -wove at Trafalgar depends on its fulfilling a detail in t ! : o following fact . The present Captain . Sir George Westplial was a midshipman on board the Victory , and was wounded on tho back of tho head : he was taken into tha cockpit , and placed by tho side of kelson . When NYcstphal ' s wound was dressed , nothing- el ? e bsing immediately available , Nelson ' s coat was rolled up and used as n . support to m'stphal ' s head . Blood Slowed from the wound , nnd , coagulating , stuck the bullion of one of tlie epaulettes to ( he bandage ; it was deemed , better to cut off some of tbe bullion curia to liberate the coat ; so that tho coat Nelson wore on that dny will be found minus of bullion in one of tU . 8 epaulettes . —/ Efl'fOius . —A ' ote * and Queries .
THE PYBA&UD .-By C . S . Peecivjl . To be read ascendingly , descendingly , and cond < s cendingt y . There For aye To stay , Commanding " * 'is standing , "Willi godlike air , Sublimely fair ! Its fame declaring , Its height admiriilsf , Looks on it from afai f erciy smiling star . To raise the pile to heaven Those beauteous stones are given Each prayerfor tnith ' sinspinnglignt . Each manly struggle for the rifcW . Each kindly word to cliecr i"e lo « , Each aspiration for , / ' < £ ' F-icli Mron ? tomv lation n&oly o \ ewoi . ut J&T&tZfg &S ^ Stone after slime , « n"t thc "'"¦?* ,. e , Iftisr . 'SJs&v ^ & ' sf .
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A Tiugedt in Texas . —A negro rode up to Mr . Baker ' s , at Galveston , about snnriso yesterday ( July 11 , ) and inquired the way to a neighbour ' s house , and was invited by Sir . linker to alight until thc family wa . s dono breakfast , to which tney were about to sit down , and tho r . cgvo diil so . About this time Colonel E . S . C . Robertson rode up , and , upon examination , found the negro was a runaway , ami ho and Mr . Baker tied and placed him in die house . Colonel Rotcrtscn then left ; soon after which , Mr . Baker mot tha nogro . it the door , lie having cut , himself loose with a largcbutcher ' s knifo which ho hclil in hia hand . On Mi \ Baker ' s
attempting to rctie the negro , the latter grappled with and commenced st .-. b&ing him . Mis . Baker , seeing her husband in this perilous situation , ran to his " relief , when the negro stubbed her , the knife entering just above the left nipple , severing the arteric-s " of the axilla , producing hemorrhage and almost instant death ; and after stabbing Mv , Buker four times , thrice in tho back , near the spine , and once in tbe side , the nogro got on his horse and fled . Ko one was present during the horrid tragedy , except five little children , whose screams soon assembled some of the neighbours . Modieil aid was immediately summoned to Mi . Baker but there is not tho u > . o > t distant hope of his vucovew A l . ; r » e number of our citizens immediate ^ armed themselves and wont in pursuit of the rcuruVer but at our last accounts fvom the scene of " the mv . nk-v , J . » had . not been arrested . —r « r «» fiate On ; <<" , •;
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bdieS ¦ . ¦ : : V . August 33 , 1851 . , THE NORTHERN STAR . ' twaP gasw > 1 ' 'W" » "Wi—^> wi ii —^ ° ^ -- ¦ " ¦¦ " ¦ ^¦ J ^— = »« aM pg ^ HM > Kea jL . * ¦¦¦¦ r , m ^ i ¦¦ n ii nin mwi i i ii i i-u nimxr-ri n ^^ wiii » iiiiu-i » i- ""' ¦ i iwwiMfc-m , ^ ^ , IWW | mm M ^ i nwm ¦¦ i im t > ¦ > n ^ -jm . L _ -M « .-mmwTinii-r'iwiniM > i 3 ... no 1 " ~ ———————__ ., " ** »^ m »^ w ^^ ^^ T " " * *** ilintM * 1 MM >> ll **^ w " * ^ ** " ^ mM ||* tWil
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 23, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1640/page/3/
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