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. • ;• HUEEAH KOR KOSSUTH I 5pre
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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can onl y consume a certain quantity ; and the 41 b . loaf bad far better 1 ms setting , . for , 6 d . with the -labourer , earning 25 s . a week ,, than at 5 d . ;\ vita his wages reduced toJfoa , -Aa soon as the reaction has terminated , caused by the introduction of the Free Trade ayBtejnj and by the diatres ?; of 1847 and ; the djatoihsnces of 1848 , thetrue tale wUl bigiifcto make itself known . Mextywiltnjoj ., j ) e jdapedfabgat tWnamben ^ o f' ^ ' a ) q ^^'^ d' / ii || ie \) diml 6 w ^ i stuns , ttpended >! . ^ tt ^ Bupj » iri ^ whetf the miserable ^ bub@ ^ M ' ^ bn » i i ' -tJMnJtbfeu * 1
own experifincesmw ^^^ tJNtf aeagfefe } : TljSfif cry ^ f ' tfeia ^ ltiMi ^ lHi ^ lM ^ P ^^^^^ Sbb ^ Sbb WBSbmmBMHm ^ f ^ W' ?^ W ^ ' ^^^^^! 9 ^^ pains theae : JTree Traa ^ iji 0 i % iteiU \ tek ^ aho ^ np the adv ^ tages fflt ^ emi ^ i-TaiiBiy $ «• ^ |^ i ^ wamj ^^ peBt «|
JiilOTIM ^ M the Herefordshire AgriculturarSociety ' a Meet * ing , on Saturday , the 18 th met ., ' with any long or tediouB returns , but would read two or three figures , which would illustrate the state op things in this county ( Hereford ) , and show that there had been a very considerable diminution of paupers in the last throe years , ending July 1 : — Paupers relieved in the year ending July 1 , 1849 8 . 0 G 1 Ditto ditto July 1 , 1850 , 8 , 028 Ditto ditto „ 1851 , 7 . 533
-What a wonderful diminution is here to make much of . Only think , that in twelve mouths , the county of Hereford should have so actually experienced the advantages of Free Trade , as to have thirty-three paupers less to support for the first year ; and for the second the pleasing deficiency of 195 upon the gross number . One would think , that such an insignificant decrease would be allowed to make itself heard , if there were any soundness in the fact , as it stands ; for , at best , it is but an evidence of that kind of fluctuation which is . ao likely to occur in such an agricultural county .
Free Trade had no more to do with it than the Free Trade had power over it , and if they will take credit for it , then let them claim a mastership of the rise and fall of the mercury in the thermometer ; or anything else they can imagine , which exhibits similar changes . But although the buy-cheap system was powerless here , most likely it was active enough in causing the following lamentable Btate of things , as put forth by Mr . Booker , at the same meeting . Since 1841 , the last census shows the following increase of population in the counties enumerated : —
Gloucestershire ... 23 , 900 I Warwickshire ... 70 . 800 Monmouth 26 , 100 Worcestershire ... 28 , 300 Staffordshire 101 , 600 ( Glamorganshire G 2 , 10 o These are mixed manufacturing and agricultral counties . But in Herefordshire ( the county for which Mr . Lewis is the consistent representative ) , the increase is only 2 , 500 ; in Shropshire , only 3 , 300 ; in Wiltshire and Radnorshire , a positive decline ; in Brecon , an increase of 3 , 700 ; these last five counties being composed of a purely agricultural population . Emigration had done the work of
depopulation in Wiltshire and Radnorshire ; and kept the ^ umbel ' s in * tile other three counties almost stationary . 'In the parish of TedstoneDelamere , ' says Mr . Booker , 'there were in 1841 300 souls ; in 1851 , but 150 . ' * This is an over true tale' indeed ; for the facts would have further shown , had they been gone into , that whilst these rural districts were being thinned of their able-bodied men , hearty women , robust children , the ' halt , the blind , and the lame' were left behind to starve upon a pauper ' s allowance , and descend to a pauper ' s grave .
Let not my reader think that I sympathise with that party , called the Tory faction of the House of Commons , led on by a Disraeli , and whipped in by a Manners . JN o , ' I would not march through Coventry' with such men ; because for the people's wants they have but little regard . I argue the case of the contending parties in the way here set forth , in a just appreciation of the condition of the English artisan . It is his interests I battle for . In Free Trade , as understood in the north , I see nothing short of free booty against the masses of the community . Badly remunerated now ,
Ie 3 s will be their portion , I fear , ultimately . Heaven grant that I may be deceived ; and if so , no one will bo more ready to acknowledge his error than myself ; but as an eye witness of the workings of Free Trade in London ; observing , too , its influence upon the trades of others , I have no hesitation in giving a decided expression of opinion against its present partial operations , and declare that it is working , however iuperceptibly to Bomc , but apparent to others , to the annihilation of everything that should be held dear by the English workman . CENSOB .
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Sheffield . —A meeting of the CounoiLwas held on Sunday , in the Democratic Temperance Hotel , 33 , Queen-etreet—Mr . Lye in the chair . The letter of Mr . ; O'Connor was read from the 'Star . ' Messrg . Attoy , Cavill , and Whaley were deputed | o complete the arrangements for a place of meeting . The deputation have made overtures to the proprietors of the Music Hall , but their charge being very hig h " , nothing , definite has been done . Next week , however ,. , we hope to bo in a position to announce ; tJoth time and place . ¦ .. -.
Ashton-UKDER-Lyne . —The weekly meeting was held on Sunday forenoon , in tho association room , corner of York-street , Charlestown , when it was resolved— ' That Joseph Taylor should attend the delegate meeting , to be held in the People ' s Institution , Manchester , on Sunday ; that a subscription should be commenced towards the liquidation of the debts of the Executive ; and that a tea party and ball should take place on Saturday , the 8 th of November ; when it is expected the Ashton Democratic Band will be present .. ' Several members were added to the council , and Mr . Aitkiu was elected secretary .
FiNSBDRY . —At a meeting , held at the Literary and Scientific Institution , Leicester-place , R ; iy * street , Clerfcenwell-green , on Sunday last—Mr . Osborne in the chair—after a lecture from Mr . Cowling , it was resolved , on the motion of Mr . Fennell : — " That a public meeting be held on Monday evening next , at eight o'clock , at the Cowper-streefc Institution , for the purpose of adopting an address , to be presented to Kossuth on bin visit to the metropolis . " T . Wakley , Esq ., M . P ., was invited to take the chair , and a Committee was appointed to carry out the arrangements .
Historical Advances to Democracy . — We shall scarcely meet with a single great event in the lapse of 700 years which has not turned to tho advantage of equality . Tho crusader and the wars of the . English decimated the nobles and divided their possessions ; tho erection of communities introduced an clement of democratic liberty into the bosom of feudal monarchy ; the invention of firearms equalised the peasant and the noble on the field of Datcle ; printing opened the same resources to the minds of nil classes ; the post was organised so as to bring the same information to tho doov of the poor man ' s cottage and to the gate of the palace ; and Protestantism proclaimed that all men are alike able to find the road to heaven . The discovery of America offered a thousand new paths to fortune , and placed riches and power
within the reach of the adrenturous and obscuro . The various occurrences of national existence have every where turned to the advantage of democracy ; all men have aided it by their exertions ; those who have intentionally laboured in its cause and those who have served it unwittingly , those who have fought for it and those who have declared themselves their opponents , have all been driven along inttie snmo track , bavealllabouredtoone end , some ignorantly and some unwillingly—all havo been blind instruments in tho hands of God . It is not necessary that God himself should speak in order to disclose to us the UtiquestiOllilblO signs of his will ; we can discern them in tho habitual course of nature , and in tho invariable tendency of events . I know , without a special revelation , thai the planets move in the orbits traced by tho Creator ' s fingers . —Ds Toeattevith .
Foolish " Lark . " —On Tuesday morning , at five o ' clock , while the mail-cart driver of the Deptford and Greenwich " ride " was waiting for the letter bags inside the post-office in Ueptfordbroadway , some parties , supposed from information sinco received , to havo been too freely indulging in the pleasures provided at Charlton Fair , jumped into the vehicle and drove off . The driver , upon reaching the street , was utterly bewildered at finding the vehicle and the horse had buttl disappeared . No traces of them could be found ; ami as the delay of her Majesty's mails , under any circumstances , is a very serious matter , the luckless driver was compelled to find a cab as soon sis possible , and make the best of his w ; iy to the GcntTit ) Post Office , in St . Martin's-Ie-Grand , leaving tlie delinquents and the vehicle and missing horse to
the investigation , of the police . Shortly afterwards ib was discovered that a mail-cart had been seeu on the road leading to Kotheruitue , and , upon inquiry , it turned out that the toligate-keeper at one of the bar 3 had noticed two strange parties in a mail-cart , which he thought to be exceedingly singular , a 9 no regular cart p-tsses that way at that time of the morning . Thence the fellows were traced to the Six 13 ells , Lucas-street , ltothcrhitbe , where the vehicle and the horse were found left in front of the tavern door , the drivers having decamped . Information of the occurrence having been forwarded to the Post-office , Air . Cook , the foreman to Mr . M'Namara , the mail-contractor , hastened to Kotherhithe for the purpose of investigating tho matter , which remains in the hands of the police , as the parties who have ventured upon this foolish lark have not since beeu heard of .
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MONIES RECEIVED For thk Wksk Ending Tuussday , October 23 rd , 1851 . THE HONETtY FUBD . BECEIVED Br W . BIDES , £ e . d . J . Jfavmaii . Raiusaate 0 10
NATIONAL CHARTSR FUND . Received by . Ioiin ARNOTI .-Clielsea locality , ; er Mr . GUI , 5 s- J . PinUn . per G . How ** 2 s J ^™* G" ™*? . perJ . Button is Od-WakefleW , p * r D . IlcaU rt-Bhiic Horse locality , Betlmal . crecn , i ™ J ' "f /' * . ^ i ' ' . VriL'ht , I ' addington Is « -Iloxe n localuj , pei o . i . Sich 5 ta 7 « Wd-lefeWttr , per J . White ft . Kl-Tormiajr ? i ,. \ V 'lWl-3-ld A J kill Cd-C . Stevenson , Kimjsland Tcd- ^ por , ^ t ! Clew . l « - » f ^ """ ^ n . t . erE XWon jSllJL Demoeiat ls-Peterborough , per b . SeUoloj sf-From i locality { addwss nns tollper EJ ones U-Wndpor t , per J . Cocper Hs 2 . 1 -M . " ^ " ^ £ 7 Three Friends , Liverpool , per W . L . Oo » tiue * . Ud _ J . liody , 1 ' aul's-i . iley , Cripplegate ls-lVr Uic Irsict , V , hut is a " Chartist" l'Js 3 d . —Total M 4 s w-FOR THE EXECUTIVE . Itccived at the Stab Offlce .-W . Kifg , Bndgeford-gate 2 S N . 1 J .-In order to prevent any misunderstanding it h wnaidOTe < lr . MCSJar > ' to state Uwrt tue sum of £ a S& tid , smno . mce . 1 , lust week / as having teen received from the Concert at Johu-strect , was the gross receipt * , and that , after deductiug the exiienses . theiproeceds arising therefrom were Ills .
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mm NATIONAL LOAN SOCIETY . At the meeting , held at Golden-lane , on Wednes . day , the following address to the Shareholders ol the National Loan Society was agreed to : — l < Brother Shareholders , —We once more appeal to those among you , who have faith in the principle of associated agricultural labour , to exerl > ourselves , ere it be too late , in rescuing the estates 0 / the late Land Company from the grasp of those who would feel pleasure in destroying this , the greatest monument of the power of the combined pence of working men , which tbe world has yet seen . This oh ; set can be easily and speedily effected by taking shares in the National Loan
Society , and depositing your scrip with its officers . Declarations from ell parts ot the country have been forwarded to us , approving of the principles and objects of the Society ; but these have not been followed up as they should have been—hy an extensive demand for aharea ; thereby enabling us to have sufficient capital at command to carry our objects into effect . If you are willing to abandon the fruit oi years of successful combination without a struggle , this appeal will fall without an ecbo on your apathetic minds . If you are not willing to abandon that , fur which you so successfully
struggled , you will at once become members of our Society , by which means alone can you rescue your interests in the Company from being a complete vtreck . Many enthusiastic shareholders are apparently waiting until Mr . O'Connor fulfils his promise of starting a new Land Company . By joining our Society they will be-prepared with both capital and land , and nil ! tntts be enabled the more readily to co-operate with Mr . O'Connor in carrying his plan into operation . By the provisions of our law& it ia impos&ible that any ri&k can be incurred , whilst the benefits are certain . "
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. «* ¦ LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE MINERS . A public meeting of the Miners of Blackrod , Aspul , &c , was held on Monday last , 20 th insfc ., at Aspul Moor . A band of music and banners , with a carriage , met W . P . Roberts , Esq ,, and Mr . JD . Swallow , at the Horwich Railway Station , to take them to the meeting . The aftornoon was very wet , but notwithstanding the men of Aspul and Blackrod mustered in goodly numbers . Mr . H . Dennett , of Wigiiu , was called to the chair . The meeting wa . 3 addressed by Mr . D , Swallow and W . P . Roberts , Esq .
A special delegate meeting was held at the Fleece Iun , Bradshawgate , Bolton , oil Monday , Oct . 20 th , and Tuesday 21 st . It was the most numerously attended delegato meeting ever held in Bolton , upwards of 100 delegates being present . Among other resolutions tho following were agreed to ;—' That two meu from each district be appointed to form & committee , to meet at John Croston's , to make arrangements about both counties joining together again . '
? That the county meetings at Haydock and Oldham be dispensed with ; and that the joint county meeting beheld on Monday next , Octobor 2 fth , at the Unieora , Little Lever , instead ; and that bills be printed calling a public meeting ut the same place ; and alBO on the same day , at three o ' clock in the afternoon , so that intelligence might be sent to the various lodges and districts about tho Tin-plate Workers of "Wolverhainpton . '
' That statements be printed and sent to all the Masters of Lancashire and Cheshire on the 3 rd of November , asking for the same amount of wages as was paid in the year 1845 . ' That all delegates come prepared to the next county mQetiuw , with the 6 pJ 2 iion of their districts as to tho propriety of a General Restriction of Labour to one given sum per day , tho meeting to order what tho Restriction shall be per day , and when the General Restriction shall commence . '
The meeting then adjourned . Tuesday Mousing , October 21 . —After the confirmation of the minutes of the previous d : ty the following resolutions woro adopted : — " That D . Swallow get 400 statements printed as soon as possible . " " That W . Milner , of . Blackroil , bo tbe county secretary , anil Charles AJendo > vcroft , county treasurer ; their wages to be 10 s . per fortnight each . " " The question of tho tubs boing cut , lay over
for the present . " " That a vote of thanks be given to the Chairman for his services in the chair . " Resolutions of the Select Committee above referred to . — " That the Miners of the two counties of Lancashire and Cheshire be now and henceforth united together in one grand consolidated union ; and tbat this committee do tako each other by tho hand , heartily and cordially , as a pledge of tho good feeling and union now formed among them . "
Tho above resolution was carried with acclamation . " That each district send twopence por member to the next county meeting : each delegate to be paid from his own district this time ; but eaoli district must send word whether delegates from districts are to bo paid from ti . e county or dUti'ict fund after the next meet )!) '' . "
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Ax . yrrrER Struck . —No sooner was it Known that the meu in thy employ of the contractors for the works of the Great Northern Railway hud been succcssful iti their dum . inds on Monday , than a genera ) Strike took place amongst the hrge body of bricklayers and labourers in the employ of Mr . Myers , the contrsictor for the erection of the New City of London Hospital at Victoria Park . It is stated that a deputation from the East-end men met a number of the Great Northern workmen on Tuesday evening , for the purpose of bringing the contl'iiutoi'd foV the City of London Hospital to the same terms which the Great Sortliern mfinghave 3 uccemled in obtaining from tho Messrs . Jay and Co . A book , and pr intsellwf at Pestli has been arresteil anil sentenced to eight days' imprisonment , for having in his possession portraits of revolutionary personages . Another bookseller 13 now under examination , for a similar offeuce .
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PUBLIC SUPPER IN HONOUR OP MR . O'BRIEN , AND IN COMMEMORATION OF THE SECOND ANNIVERSARY OF THK ESTABLISHMENT OP THE NATIONAL REFORM LEAGUE .
A public supper for the above objects was held on Monday evening at Mr . Rua"d ' s , the Golden Lion , Wardour-street , Soho . About 130 individuals sat dewn to a most excellent repast . Mr . Flexmorr occupied the chair , and proposed , as the first toast , < The Sovereignty of the People , ' which jHU- responded to ; hy Mr ; Ha . mgan . The cfcUHe of tne 6 overei gn ^ cingtbroushdu ^ ^' st ^^ li ^ irM ^ : Kk ^ # ^^ pm W £ e « s . ed ' Un !^ ^ ¦ » Mii 1 i 7 rf : DeWo 8 ]^ feMa ^ ooFa ^» eipiblife ; ^« a c ^
S OTcrnraent ! ounaefl tipf > n ^ th 6 iB ' pM *> cipife » . wb 5 cb ' ttie ReforraLeague profdnnded ; and witbout which , let the ; governinehV K , e ; ' called 'by ^ h ' at name if mightj there would be ' nd ^' equality " of rights ' , no guarantee for an equality of thoae comforts which man ' s labour ever purchased , and sMch ~ every man had a fight to enjoy . The toast was drank with great enthusiasm . The Chairman then gave ' Kns . auth , and may he live to establish , the independence of his country . '
Mr . G . Hoppr responded to the toast . Thai KftSSUth would live to establish the independence of Hungary he had but little doubt , and that it would be of the utmost value to the cause of liberty in Europe he had no doubt ; and if Koasuth was not so advanced in democratic axioms as themselves , it was the duty of the Democrats ol London and of England to spur him forward in the cau 3 e of progreBsion , until he became truly one of the Champions of the people .
The next toast was , ' James lironterre O'Brien , and may the Universal People soon appreciate his laborious exertions as President of the National Reform League , and as the untiring friend and teacher of the people . ' Mr . Rogers responded to the toaat . It had been his happiness to have known Mr . O'Brien for many yearB , and he could safely say , that he never knew him vary from the causs of Political and Social Reform . Under all times and circumstances he had always been a good and true reformer . The toast was then drank with three-times-three with immense applause .
Mr . O Bailor acknowledged the compliments paid him . It was with extreme happiness that he met the members of the League upon tbe present occasion—not because they had met to pay a mark of respect to himself , but because it was tbe celebration of tbe second year of tbeir establishment as a Society . Notwithstanding the predictions of false friends and open enemies , \\ wy had outlived all the opposition that had been so assiduously brought against them , and the ) would , be had no doubt , live until their end was accomplished . The National Reform League was not an ephemeral body—its principles were for all time . Individual members might die , and greater numbers would supply their
place , hut , as an aggregate body , the-League would never die until a veritable social and democratic republic should be established . Socrates , the ancient philosopher , on being told that his ro-m was small , wished that he could only fill it with true friends ; they had two large rooms , both were full , and he knew the majority were true friends , because they were the men who had rallied round him in the days when he bad been denounced and abused by Ihe leaders of all parties , and were still at his side , battling for the cause of human yrugress . Mr . O'Brien then paid a high compliment to the members of the League , and showed that
perseverance , when combined with honesty , would ever rise to the ascendant . Mr . O'Brien then dwelt with great fervour upon the wrongs of the people , and their folly in not uniting to remedy them . He then entered into a retrospect of his career during the past twenty years , and gave some interesting reminiscences of Hunt , Cobbett , and other reformers , defending their characters , and that of Maximillian Robespierre , from the calumnies which had been thrown upon them . He concluded by showing the great progress which true principles had made during late years , and sat down amid tumultuous and long-continued cheering .
The Chairman then proposed the following toast : — 'The Cuartist Victims of 18-18 , and may those who fearlessly advocate the People's Cause never want the support , protection , and sympathy of the People . ' Mr . C . Murray responded in a feeling and appropriate manner , and expressed his opinion that their sufferings and the heroic devotion which caused them still to be found in the ranks of the people was deserving their utmost appreciation , and that the cause of the people would tiirver progress until they threw lV , e shield of their divinity around their champions , and caused them to be respected by their oppressors . Mr . J . Wilson , in an excellent speech , proposed that the toast should include the victims of 1839
and 1842 , as well as those of 1348 , which was unanimously agreed to , and the tuast was drank with enthusiasm . Mr . Bezkr acknowledged the compliment in a song composed for the occasion . Tbe last toa 3 t of the evening was , 'The National Meform League , and may the doctrines it advocates upon the nationalisation of land and public works , equitable commercial exchange , currency , and the poor laws , rapidly spread throughout the country . ' Mr . iIinney responded in a speech of great ability , which was much applauded . Songs and recitations occupied the remainder of the evening , and the greatest -harmony prevailed . Votea of tbnnka were given to the host and the Ch&iiman , prior to the guests departing .
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PARLIAMENTARY AND FINANCIAL REFORM .-MEETING AT TAV 1 STOCK . On Monday evening a public meeting of tbe inhabitants of Tavistouk was held in the Town Hall , called by the Portreeve , Solomon Perry , Esq ., pursuant to a requisition signed by about 120 of cho inhabitants . The requisition was to the effect that the requisionists " having observed anil conof the age , worthy of . 1 great people to adopt , and sidercd tho minUtoml announcement in the House of Commons of an intended measure of parliamentary reform , do hereby request you will convene a
public meeting for the purpose of forming an association to promote , by all Jegnliind constitutional means , the obtaining of such a measure of political and financial reform , us may befitted to the want * satisfactory to all who hare just claims to be considered in tho government of the country . S i ' erry , Esq ., tho Portreeve , took tho chair , and after adopting resolutions in accordance with the object of tho meeting , several persons entered their names as members of tbo now Association . The meeting was of a local character , none of tho leading members of the association being present .
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of Thursday , Oct . 10 , aud reported in your columa * of Friday , tho 17 th , induces mu to offor . for tho benulit of the editor of the ' Economist , » levf words of explanation . " I am iu no way connected with tho shipping of the port of London . I was not invited to attend the said meetiBff . " My attendance at the mooting was mainly tha result of my being in that neighbourhood on buai * no . ™ . " The chairman was concluding his address when I entered . ' 1 was seated in the body of the hall during the confusion which occurred . Wag waited on by several workiog men , and subsequently my name wa 8 called out from many parts of the building .
" My chief objeefc in ascending the platform wa 9 to make order permanent , if possible . ^* " The Chairman very properly refused to hear me , except on condition ihat I should move a reso * lutioir . I consented . " Th& resolution moved by me was not evea ^ written out , and was totally saknown ( until moved }\ by all parties present . It was subsequently writ- ^ ten , and I immediately left , tfcxf ; morning I was \ pleased to know thnt tho resolution bo moved wa » unanimously adopted , brief address .
Throughout my I distinctly statod , 'in arguing tl » s question ^ discarded party and all partisan influence . I wish no party use to be made of any words of mine . ' " JFrom circumstances to slender and commonplace , the lynx-eyed editor of tho ' Economist has 'discovered that Mr . Toung has brougbfc tbe ' support * of myself and others to the aid of Lori Stanley and tho Protectionists . ' What a keenness of . vi 8 ion he-niu 8 thave ! -Hov , : Mr . ' Eeonomwv $ Kalp-w * tfc ; tlie resolotion which I moved ? Read it { remember it ; do . j . ourbeBt . to . Reduce it to-praotice . ia
Sor / iypUr . especiaVbenefit ; I ,. wiU : ; qupte it . As » :-, beur . iB the only . legitimate property ^ pf . _ the working . man , it follows \ tuat Blieap . nfotfufitg , tue result or r low-priced labour , are injurious to Wsbest interests . Is that resolution true or false ? Is it or is it not consistent with the fundamental truths of economy cal science ?• These areHhe questions which it be * comes you to answer ^ Sneering .-is a vulgar , immodest , practice , of which you ought to thins shame . . . ¦ ; -.. " Adam Smith opens his introduction to the ' Wealth of Nations' in theae words : — ' Tho annual
labour of every nation is the furfd whioh originally supplies it with all the necessaries and comtorts of life which it annually consumes . ' "Ac the beginning of chapter y ., book 1 , ha writes : — ' Every in a 11 is rich or poor according to the degree in which ho can afford to enjoy the ne « cessarios , conveniences , and amusements of lifo . ¦ In chapter viii ., book 1 , the same author writes : — ' Tho wages of labour are the encouragement of industry , which , like every other human quality , improves in proportion to the encouragement it
reves . " It would bo an easy matter to multiply such quotations . "Mr . M'Culloch writes—' Very low wages , byrendering it impossible for any increased exertions to obtain any considerable increase of comforts and enjoyments , effectually hinders them from being made , and is , of » 11 others , tho most powerful cause of that idleness and apathy that contents itself with what can barely continue animal exiaf
ence . A fear of trespassing on your space prevents ma from quoting Malthus at'length , who most forcibly urges the strong necessity of good living and high wages for the ' labourers , ' and severely censure ! those who might condemn the ' working men of En * gland to ' rags' and ' wretchedness , ' 'for tbe pur * pose of selling a few more broad cloths and calicoes . ' —( Condition of tho Poor Considered . ) " John Stuart Mill , in his most recent work , writes : — 'If it were- possible for the working cliisses , by combining among themselves , to raise or keep up tho general rate of wages , it need hardly ¦ be said that this would be a thing not to be puni * ' shed , but to be welcomed and rejoiced at . '
"' Cheapness of goods is dosirable only when the cause of it is tlii-t their production costs little labour , and not when occasioned , by that labour ' s being ill-remuuni'iated . '— ( Principles of Political Economy , book v ., chap , x . ) " The object of the meeting in the Beaumor . t In « stitution was to consider the interests of working men . Its chairman , Mr . G . F . Young , may , or may not have enunciated sound opinions . It is not for me to interfere between Mr . Young and the ' Economist , ' but it is not iu tho power of tl \« editor of tbe ' Economist' to provo tho object of the meeting to be either unpatriotic or unjust . I , for one , do not envy the feelings of a gentleman , who can hold up tho proceedings of working moa as ' mirth' to the' manufacturers , ' and tbo paucity of numbers as a source of ' consolation . ' It is much , easier , and decidedly less honourable , to sneer at ' Chartist orators , ' than to reason the question of labour in its fulness .
" lam in no way interested in the success of any system of policy , except in so far ' as my judgment warrantB me in believing it to bo beneficial lor tho best interests of my country . " Will the editor of the ' Economist' prove the converse of the resolution I moved at the meeting in the Beaumont- ' Institution to lie true ? I wiU bo most happy to wait upon him at his leisure . 11 Should be deelisio doing so , it certainly will not ba for the want of courage , for assuredly tho gentleman who voluntarily undertakes to whitewash the ' Manchester men , ' lias ' pluck' enough for any * thing , " I am , Sir , your obedient servant , " Samuel M . Kvdu . "
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THE CHARTIST EXECUTIVE . TO TIIK KDITOK 01 " Tl / E iNORTltER . YSTAB . Sik , —Haviiiir been nominated to fill up th ( J vacancy in tho Executive caused by the resignation , of Mr . Reynolds , permit me to state through your columns th . it I respectfully decline . There : iro noble men already nominate !) , who will do moro essential service to th « fsiuse—independent oi tbo talent they possess—than my present position enables me even to promise ; when , however , " ministers rosip "— : w (! tliuir your of office h . ia nttiWiy expired—I fc \ r . \\\ Veei honoured in being permitted to sit ; is ojiC of the acting servants of Democracy , in the truly-eventful 18 , 32 . I am , sir , yours . < feo ., Jons James Bezxb . Christian Socialist Office , 183 , Fleet-stieet , Oct . 21 , 1 S 51 .
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IRISH DEMOCRATIC xVLLIAXCE . On Sunday evening the usual weekly meeting of this body was held at tbe Ni-p'une Inn , Bridge , street . Mr . M . Maloney in the chair . Several new membc-rs were enrolled , and a new council of thirteen elected for the ensuing quatter . Mr , O'Sullivan , secretary ; Mr . Curtis , trfcasurpr ; and Mr . Maloney , chairman . The lecture of Mr . Bready wag adjourned to Sunday nnxt , at half-past serai o ' clock , in the evening . Mr . D ^ wling brought forward the merits of the candidates oi ili-s southward for municipal honours . He ( Mr . D-iwliug ) was of opinion that tho alliance were hound 6 $ demumU to support the two candidates , Mr . Rohscn , and Mr . Kershaw ; both c&- didates were men of liberal opinions . Mr . Robson was wJiat they commonly termed a six points man ; ami Mr . Kershaw was
more liberal than the majority o ( his cIhsj . The meeting unanimously agreed to esert themselves to the inmost to place Messrs . Robson and Ker * shaw in the council cliarclier . On Monday evening a tavge a ^ u influwfttial mecung of vhe Iiurge 3-sesof lion-ling Ward , was held at the Wheat Sheaf Inni to nominate two fit and proper pt-rsons to ie « present the interest of Ihe ward in the town council . Mr . M » on . ' , late treasurer to the Chartist Association , Mr . Sharp , an out-and-out democrat , and Mr . Pickup , a solicitor , were nominated . Several questions w « re asked of the candidates , which Messrs . Mooie and Sharp answered to the satisfaction of the meeting On a question heing asked Mr . Pickup , respecting h s political crecJ , h « declared re was not for extending the suffrage to honiphnld .: rs . The show of hands dedared MesSM .
Moore and Sharp the choice of the meeting , four bands only being held up for Mr . Pickup , and a committee was appointed to secure the return of the people ' s choice .
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The Political Victims' Association . —At anwetiug of this association , on Sunday evening , tho secretary reported that the Ivossuth Demonstration Committee had declined to recognise the three members avIio had bocn no . initiated to represent tho Association . Tho report gav « considerable dissatisfaction , andifc was agreed that . the Association should i » ivo no further pecuniary aid to the Demonstration Committee . It was also resolved that an appropriate banner should he prepared , and other arrangements made , to enable the asstciivtiou to take its proper place in the proet £ - s : on .
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Tub testimonial in favour of ninir ' s Gout ; im ! R . etmir . tic Pills , from Garret Foster Gill , Esq ., c-iic / mli's l . y s : iy . us , ' Whenever I feel any symptoms of the i . in-iise sipyro-iching , I have instant recourse to this medicine which Ui me is tovalnablo that , were it not Jlmt the i ' ny 8 i . f maRtelwweMi « Ml , lBWiU cwuinlJ » ttiib » ne tlwruurt » 3 ES 5 . S 3 fS 5 SS S" ^ v «» " nt . ' - SoU hy Ml iii « i «« -im vcmSvi-8 , pica ' - ' s . Gel . pev bos .
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FREE TRADE AND PROTECTION . Mb . Editob , —Cobbetfc used to say , he knew well when he had hit bis adversary hard , for that the latter bellowed so loud as to exhibit his sufferings in his murmurs ; and certainly , by tbe eame rales the agricultural party has been most mischievously struck , for their complaint is as lengthened as it is doubtless grievous . During the past three months , there have been several Agricultural Association gatherings , and tbe burden of the song there heard has been Kuin—absolute Ruin ; but SO impotent for good has been the strain put forth , that in place of it awakening serious
attention , tbe Orpheus of the Protectionist choir has only excited tbe risible faculties of opposition writers , and brought down upon his devoted bead missiles of abusive leaders , and crushing blows from private correspondents , Yet , despite of such heaTy artillery , I donbt much whether the policy of Free Trade has gained a single conTert , which the leaders of that party would trouble themselves concerning , as a result of such systematic and unmeaning ribaldry . The land power is earnest in its complaint ; and its enemies know tbat there is a cause for tbe same , which must be listened to and satisfied , or it will be a disgrace to the administration of English justice .
-. I am no Protectionist , as some men define ¦ that term . With me Native Industry has a priority of right ; and before I am prepared to forego its imperativeness , I must be sure that English labour stands upon tbe platform of equality with Foreign labour . Do I desire to"f axthe food ' of the poor ? Godtforbid . Do I wish to see Englishmen labouring , as now , for wages reduced to the Continental level ;
or see my countrymen obliged to change their habits of living for the unsubstantial things elsewhere fed on ? God forbid . Surely , it is not necessary to make bread dear to preserve our present condition , bad as that is , in too many cases ; or to admit tbe latter alternative to secure it at its existing price ! This may be tbe logic of tbe Manchester School ; but it is not English common sense . D _ _
How 13 bread made dear ? Sometimes by Famine , at other times by an imperfect yieldmore often by speculation and knavery . How is it made cheap ? By abundance , and successful growth . It is " dear when it cannot be jiui-chased with results of 1-abour ; it is cheap ¦ when those results enable the consumer to buy with greater freedom . If our senators had been wise in 1815 , when that the Corn Laws were imposed , they would havo said 50 d . shall be the maximum price of the quarter of wheat , prerious to its introduction duty free into the English ports . Probably this
would have been equivalent to a sliding scale varying from 15 s . to 0 ; as in 1835 good ¦ wheat sold for 35 s , —an average duty of not move than Gs . or " s . per quarter . Tills when made into four pound loaves , would have affected the price oi bread about oae halfpenny per loaf , certainly not more : for granting I ) ut ninety loaves to be the number made from such a quantity of flour , yet the stimulus that would be given to tbo growth of corn would so increase its produce in the markets as always to keep its price down to tho lowest possible level . Now , will any reasonable man say this is taxing tbe food of tbe poor .
• when tbe four pound loaf can be ensured for od ,, and our lands be kept in profitable cultivation , and English labourers employed thereon . I say the admission of foreign grown produce at 50 s . 6 d ., would always keep wheat down to that price , which would g ive to the poor , bread at od . per four pound loaf ; and if it wonld do this , no injustice is being done to the community ; since the non-admission of said wheat at ' less than the stated sum , duty free , is but doing an act of citizenship , which calls upon the people of every nation to look to the immediate wants of themselves , in preference to tbe mock philanthropy , tbat teaches them to starve , or cause to be exported their
own flesh and blood , to receive the produce of others , wbo are not so foolishly disposed . What is going on now , Mr . Editor , is this —In order to buy foreign grown grain cheap , English manufactures , or products of English skill and labour must be sold cheap . This means , firstly , the sacrifice of Profits ; lastly , the redaction ot the labourer ' s earnings . It is illustrated in the following instance , which is of th |
^ type o whole system . 'In 1813 , ' ( not a dear year ) , says a friend of mine , 'Isold goods realising me £ 45 . In 1851 , 1 sold prelisely the same quantity and quality of goods for £ 30 , and had a difficulty , then , to find a buyer . Outof that £ 45 I paid £ 31 for labour , £ 6 for materials ; my profits being £ 8 on the transaction , when entirely comp leted Ot the £ ' 30 I paid £ 22 for labour , £ o 10 * . for material : mv profit being £ 2 10 s . My business »
not increased ; my difficulties are greater . The men who worked for the ^ 1 were in the receipt of an average wage of 2 os . a weeK , they cannot earn , at present prices , more tnan 20 a . My profits have fallen 75 pei' cent . ; and if I am to live at all , I cannot long continue to pay tbe wages I do . ' Hov , Sir , wiiat li -s fallen upon this man , whoso case is JV n <> raoiiiS singular—for I have heard men oi various trades suite similnr facts—is fast ialUng v the small master tradesmen , and througu tLm , the labouring classes ; and seeing the Jots is to the extent mentioned , what reduction in the price of bread will over meet ^ tuw Man cannot ' Jive upon bread alone i » e
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THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY .
Under the powers and provisions of the aGfc of parliament 14 and 15 Viet ., c . 129 , Mr . " . Goodchap , has been engaged in visiting the various extensive estates , with the view of obtaining information on their past and present management , and all books , documents and papers must be delivered up . They have also served notices upon the 300 allottees to restrain the future , payment of rent to any other person than the Official Manager . 8
- * . v . u * uuruay ,-ra . qonsiaerationor tne satisfactory manner , in . which the . interim manager andjihis solicitors ^ ^ -prosecuted : their prelimi-• ^ inquwy ^ be !;^^^ thefe \ the-i ^ p 6 inteijt < jf permanent managers a ^ ai oi ^^ 'win ^ p the- undertaking . ; ; WBkhv « e 6 tiqiDK'i 6 f tbe" aW provides ; tbati ; it shall be lawfel'forSho Master' miGKaifcery to plfigate ^^^ ffio ^ M ^^ ^^ Solicitor ' s any- ^ discretionary , " jlaui 6 ial | OT 'bt ; her power b ^ utbority which the Master himself pojsessfes , and fie on ; Thursday directed Mr . ' Groodchap , to ascertain the relative position of the parties now located on the estates .
,, vlt 4 s understood that proceedings will be taken , against the mortgagees of the Minster Lovel Estate , which was conveyed by indenture of grant AuguBt 10 th , 1847 . between J . Weaving , corn-merchant , and W . Pinnock , farmer of the first part ; John Walker and Mary Ann Walker , of the second part ; and Feargua O'Connor , M . P ., of the third part , to set aside , their mortgage of £ 5 , 000 , at £ 4 10 s . per ^ cent . interest , and to prevent their disposing of any portion of the property ,
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NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Offices—14 , Southampton-street , Strand . Tbe Executive Committee of this body held their usual weekly meeting as above on Wednesday evening last . Present : Messrs . Arnott , Grassby , Jones , and Milne . Messrs . Harney and Holyoake , being in the country , were absent , as were also Messrs . Hunt aud O'Connor . Correspondence of a highly pro . gressive and encouraging character was read . On the motion of Messrs . Jones aud Grassby tho following was agreed to : — ' That , since members of this Committee have met on several recent occasions in sufficient numbers to form a quorum , and those present have thereby been prevented from entering into business , the Secretary bo instructed to write to the non-attending members , for the purpose of ascertaining whether it is their intention to attend iu their places on this Committee . iThe Secretary reported that iS o . 3 of the 'Monthly Circular' was now ready , and all localities and friends are respectfully solicited to forthwith send in their orders for the same . The price to localities and the trade is fourpence per dozen .
Oct . Wrb , 1831 . Dear Sib , —II iving just been elected on the Council ot the Parliamentary Reformers , sotnewbat unexpectedly , my duty appears to be to ac-,
It was then agreed that the Marvlebone and Whito Horse localities be requested to elect one member each , to attend at tlie Office on Wednesday evening next , October 29 th , at six o ' clock precisely , for the purpose of inspecting the votes which may have been received for the several candidates , nominated to fill the vacancy iu the Executive Committee , and report thereon to their fellow members . The Committee then adjourned to Wednesday evening , October 29 th , Sigued on behalf of the Committee , John Aksom , General Secretary , The fallowing letter has been received from Charles Frederick Nicholls : — 10 Great WinchBiter-atteet . Old BvcmUtreet ,
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• public 0 ( eetMQ 8 .
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~ PROTECTION TO NATIVE INDUSTRY . TO TI 1 E KD 1 T 0 H OF THE NORTHERN' STAR . Sin , — . The interest which you havo taken for so many years in the discussion of tho rights of labour , induces me to solicit you to < , ive ttio enclosed <* i place ia your columns . I think it mainly valuable for the quotations it contains from our leading politic il economists . I havo a strong impression that the question of labour ought to be su-gutu on its own merits , apart entirely from party purposes and influences . Tho labouveva of this country aro \ evy far from enjoying the comforts which their own industry , and iho wealth which that industry Las brought into existence , warrant them in claiming . Nor are they likuly to riso in the scale until they , iiy their intelligence and perseverance , make their claims fully known . Youvs ti-uly , S . M . Ktdd .
" MR . KYDD AXD THE 'ECONOMIST . ' " TO TJIK EDITOK OF TIIK MOUNISO HEfUU ) . " Sir , —Tho unfair use wade by the editor of tho ' Economist' in hi » paper of Saturday last of my attendance at a meeting of working men , held at ttio Beauumt In .-titutiou , Mile-end , oa tha evoirn . "
Comoj)O»Dw».
Comoj ) o » Dw » .
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% la M ) ' JAffiONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .
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Wkm 1729 . j . ^ j , imi i ^^ u ^ m , 3 k , m . b .-js' ^ ss ;^
. • ;• Hueeah Kor Kossuth I 5pre
. ;• HUEEAH KOR KOSSUTH I 5 pre
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. - — --. " .--. * ¦ » ^ -- ^ l ^ y ? slaved '' Till greatly rising in-his country ' s rigHC '"*^^ - "' Her Kossuth . —Kor ' xlefiverer , sprung toli 2 lib ' : sj A race of brave Hungarian sons ha ^ edt - , , , Guiltless of Courts , ' Bnfalnted , and unread ,: v - "Whose inborn spirit spnrned the ignoble fee , ; Their hearts seorifed bondage—for their bandi were free . " . ^\ ; " TO THELIBERiS'MEN OFENGLANDi
My FRiKNDS . -ijRia . noblB Kossuth , who risked bis life to secore liberty for his country , has arrived 4 it | Sduthampton and was tnbly received . I iegret beyond expression that I could not diwpyer the time when he would arrive , otherwise I should have been there to meet him hut there is to be a grand dinner given to Mm on Tuesday , at Southanip . ton , and I shall attend that dinner . The Mayor of Southampton went on board toe Teseeltomeet jfoiasOTH and his family before they landed , and no man was ever more
cordially receivedKihan / JKossuth was by the English people . ^ \ HBjwa » wnch better received thanlshould be , notwithstanding the sacrifices I have made tolti ^ - ' and relieve the English < and Irish peopla from hunger and slavery . I wonder w&i ' Bdrt ' jpr . i . i ; eceptaoir . that ! ruffian , mongrel , sayagd brute , Villain ^ HiT-; TiAU would ; h ^ e . retieiyed ?; lli attegaed- ^ ineeting on JMon ^ ayilafit ^ al ^ tiie 'H ||^ rer ^ fCtaquare Robins , which ; was ijrowiled to'JSffilca- r ^*» B * ,, re lafave to : l ^ oBsaUi * Xy Sir D ^ IiACt ^^^ wa ^^^ aft ^ and f ^ lig ^ g '¦?~ Djn > wi& Siuabt wV'diJTO ; ; 3 t'was cWeiivapojf ( rot told
tjokepealc , and no man was better ;« cefted . i ^ SN ? - ^?^ « w *®* i I tSnaiihat ^^ jc ^ pjftgiffi gpeafc long , as the Jfong § £ ; of £ ofiKHJHisrould ; 8 p rouse my blood tuHt I ^¦ r ^ Iionld maisfea rebglHw is speech . /' - ' . ^ . - " -- ^ " l ^^ 00 §^ j ^^ % ^ m {^ fMmh , . fernal ruffian , Hatkau , h * wng . theHegs dna arms of womett and children dragged off , and thrown down for pigs and dogs to eat ... I told them , at the meeting at Hanover-square Hoomg , that I could not speak long upon the subject—however , I was loudly cheered .
Now , my friends , I shall conclude by answering the letters that I have received from Pinsbury , Padiham , and Manchester—which I should have published at length , bat from thecrowded state of the columns of the 'Star 'which is , tbat I will attend all those places to whiclrl have been invited . Tour Faithful Friend , Feargus O'Connor .
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^ ' $$ ? AM& :. 1 J ] MOCR&TSfaF < ME i NOftTHEKIf S ^ SiEgJCW OP THB ^* HO !! fJSj L- OHAR'llBa ^^ SOGJ ^ flQSi- tfilF ^ IMteZMvi ¦ &i&trvi mmg&hiM * - 'W 0 ^^^ mk ^ ^ iwaeiis ; . the reorganization of ; ChMfcism . ;; . cheVma-^ iin ^ rs ; , oij : Which cannot be kept ip . j ^ brfiing ' brder mtuoutaome liuie assistance . Iuppeai % th&ith 4 # &w ; fi # ' . exoHeqwr is more tMn . eibausttia ; aHd : i i > ajaaioe due to our worthy treasurer of £ 34 0 s . 7 jd ; ; ft 18 bur duty as- menj 'e 3 pecially those u » ho are 8 tr-ug ' glmg ( or liberty , to liquidate with all speed iffie ' above Sum . In making au appeal to our
I ^ I ^ JSP Wt tbat a debt ought j not to be . in' OUrrefPS ^ a-few member 3 without the assent ptlpbe whole- ; and every locality '\ uayj ' tSey ought ' to meet its own expensed , and form its own executive . ' The scattered elements of Democracy muat ascend to tho highest degreo of refinement , in order to secure a softening impression on the two houses of parliament , and that our unanimous sentiments may be concentrated and brought within such limits as to destroy the power of a proud aristocracy ; without which it is impossible to secure an equalisation of those good laws to which the working classes of Great Britain are complete strangers . 1 am , yours , fraternally , in the struggles for justice , Jo 8 Epn Maxwell Hktherinoto . v , Treasurer to the Sunderland locality , Hope-street , Bishop Wearmouth .
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qdainl those Chartist friends wfro have nominated me to set on their Executive , with the fact , as they niaf differ with me as to the policy and . justness Of it . I . need , hardly nay , that . I accept the position with pleasure , and regard it as a ( to me ) new and important direotion for useful action . Whether I give umbrage or not ia never the question with mo , but whether I am acting justly , whether IjSra extending the Bphere of my usefulness . This , | it . appears to me , I am doing . I write for the purpose-of acquainting those who m ^ y think , otherwise ,-and who might have-given in their votes . I write to you . for the purpojje ofgiving this letter publicity .: In doing so you will greatly oblige , r- ¦ ¦ _ .. - .:. : Yours truly , ,. To Mr , J , Arnott . C . F . Nicholls . /
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 25, 1851, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1649/page/1/
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