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,., " * you wiU rouse your spirit once more , * lC ? fet vour oppressors see that the union 3 f \ he workiug classes will break down j ' ' eir power . Shaemax Ck-vwforb has been riK'i to a dinner party at Rochdale , on the * - December ; and it iamy intention to
iteai tbat dinner , because there is not a more Lscmrable man in tbe House of Commons lx iu the world than the amiable SlULRMAX p trf 0 KD ; and I hope he will have the rejjintioa he deserves . He is the best landlord , Je bost husband , the bast father , and the best 3 ; ter in the world ; he never distrains a Zsaat , and he lets all his land at half its
1 i \ ac You know , my friends , that I have told you A pt 1 would rest upon my oara until the abuse { ay revilers ceased ; and now I have received jjU , j , jrcds of letters from England , Scotland , flI ] j Wales , inviting me to attend meetings in jgj&rcnt places , and telling me tbat they will jfl ve uo confidence in any one but me . You j # p erfectly aware that , however I may be jlflsi" } , that I would not give up Chartism , jj .-j- abandon those principles -which are calaJated to release the poor from bondage ,
jiimc , drunkenness , slavery , and starvation ; a nd it is still my intention to make a tour flav'Eg h England , Scotland , and Wales , when Ijjjshifernal Land Company is wound up ; and , * I told you before , I tell you again , that , jiowever I may be abused , I will never Caution Chartism , or any ism which is capable of relieving the poor from hunger and
starvationjlv Friends , —I was very ill last night gndl am still l'ery poorly—therefore , you jnust excuse the shortness of my letter . ] remain , Y « iurs ever Faithfully and Unalterably , Peahgos O'Cossob .
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fO THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Hammersmith , Nov . 20 , 1851 . F ellow Chartists , —You are summoned jo the task of electing a new Executive , and be fore any among you may think of my name , I should iike you to understand my actual position with respect to the objects of our jLsiotiation .
1 ivill leave it to my colleagues in the Exejatisv , and to yourselves , to judge whether I jfive failed to act with the majority of that tody whenever a corporate action was needed , or to say whether I have at all taken a separate position . In cases of differing opinion I have maintained my own view strongly until a vote vas taken , and have then acted with the whole Executive .
My bad health and busy life have at times perei : ted my attendance at your board ; when sbic-ux I have more than once been so iu the service of the People . A report was circulated recently that I had rescued . I deliberately resolved not to resign , precisely because our movement was not jsuceeding satisfactorily , and I thought that at such a time resignation would be desertion . If 1 wltb to resign , it wonld damage tbe cause . Ilie same evil result would not follow if you Fer e to abstain from electing me . For that reason 1 would prefer dismissal to resignation .
I am bound to declare , however , that I am cot satisfied with the course taken by tbeEx-Eutive as a whole . The Executive adopted tic draft which I laid before it , as a preliminary programme for the Convention ; I folfoved tuat up with a draft to be ado {> b" « l by the Convention ; out the Committee preferred tho draft -which was ultimately-adopted . The difference between tho fro drifts was this : the one adopted was long , and laid down many propositions not to be carried out forthwith ; mine was short , proposed a few things to be done , and would Lave set our Association in active movement .
? vl . desire that our Association should make its utility felt by the working classes in obtaining for them , aa speedily as possible , material improvemenfsiji their condition , nud especially for the ' poofest among them , right of labour , Trith a fair subsistence in return . I was first kijov . li to you as a Communist : such I remain ; and as such I desire to lose not a day that can In ; employed in promoting tho right of the Peojilti to fair subsistence , in return for kluiur , guaranteed on the land and property cf the country . I have explained this in my letic-a - u ' Social Reform , ' but I mention tho point lu-re , iu order that you may know the ground on which I shall continue to act if you re-eSt-ct me .
If you disapprove of that ground , I would adr idu you not to re-elect me , but to elect a man who holds more strictly such viewBas you can s motion . If you do re-elect me , I shall cot ( ju .-siiou the colleagues whom you may S . \ - \> Giui . no- discontinue the endeavour to net in unison with the body of the Executive ; but if you do approve of the ground which I have declared sufficiently to re-elect me , pardon nie ft I say that it would be desirable for you to Eeleet colleagues who could act on the same t*—r't *** 4 ** ¦ £ miiAii Tioftraon ¦ yinlitir'fil fiil / 1 CHOI ill roa !!< i of uuion between political and social
| reformers . In any case , let me thank you for tht conS-lence you have already reposed in me ; aad ]«» t me assure you tbat my most active exertions will continue to promote , on the one ham ] , tbe political power and material iiaprovement of the working classes , and , on &e other , that generous elevation of policy , without which no class can obtain any power Worth Laving . Your Servant , Tnonsiox Hun * .
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SOIREE AT EDINBURGH TO MR . G . J . 11 A 11 XEY . On Monday evening last a public soiree was given to Mr . George v . Ilarney , in the Calton Convening ft ) 3 m , Waterloo-bridge . The room was tastefully decorated with banners and mottoes of the Edinburgh Bmiocratic Tract Society . Mr . Prinole in the < nair . jlr . BexKY , in spealting to H The Democratic I ' r&p ^ ganda , " related the workings of the Edinbargh Democratic Tract Society , and eulogised that bair for taring s pres 3 of their own , which thej had so nobly used far the information of the masses-Mr . W . A . Fletcher ( from London ) , then spoke to the sentiment ci Self Reform . "
Mr . Haenhs on rising was received with great applause . He stated that the subject he was about to spea £ upon was the Fraternal Democracy of -Europe . He would more particularly speak upon foreign politics and oar duty towards the people of foreign nations . In years by gone , the people looked forward with anxiety to the coming of a mighty l'rince , a Me 3 iah ; but now-a-days the expectations of the i > eop ! e was not for a Mesiah , but for the advent to power of the almighty principles of democracy . ( Cheer 3 . ) From the Thames to the Vistula , and from the Tiber to the Black . Sea , the feeling of democracy and liberty has taken deep rooti and approaching years will bear its effect . ( Cheers . ) The hopes of the masses and the fears of the higher
class show its approach . Mr . HarneT , in hisuanal strain oi eloquence , gave an outline of the doings o ! JWe , Italy , Germany , Austria , Hungary , and J ' assia . He appealed to the men of Britain to arouse from their slumber , past experience and ¦ e vents would act as a guide for future actions . 1852 woul J tell a tale in favour of the toiling classes . He believe s in uo half revolutiojis , for they who made them did bat dig graves for themselves . ( Cheers . ) 3 l ?' -o ' utioiis have failed because of the ignorance of the prnpie . but wisdom can now be gained for their gihhace . The world is locking forward to France , asd .-hou ! d France fail in 5 ts " eJiorts , ( he demand a ;»! desire for liberty will cause the peo-fls to ri « iu-Irjiaidently . ' S-reral patriotic songs were sung , and the comp > . u > - sep ' . ra ' . eil h 3 « bly delighted .
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-i- . irn . ierrw . il , bei-ngivg i tfcs corps stationed Si t : ; -ri « ck j 3 MU'rj _ was found , at an early hour on } v .::. :--y w-wiiajr , - rn * dead on ihe mwli near to » -v . . ftery . i : „ 5 ap ? 3 . . (? . i i hc hk ( j eudeavomTd If . :.-. 'um ins Unterr , vinch is entirely surrounded i , \ « -y , « r w «^> tii c ti .. ! e Sows , iv }; il 4 j a u state of a ¦ v =: csuoo . —uiv * j > oel Albicn .
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AsHTOJf-UNDEK-LrirE . —The weekly members' meeting was held , on Sunday last , in the meeting room , Water-street , Charlestown —Mr . Scott in tho chair— -when the following resolutions were agreed to : — ' That in consequeuce of ths collector ' s reports the subscription for the Executive Committee bo kept open a fortnight longer . '—Mr . Wheeler ' i letter in the 'Star' haviug been read , a discussion took place upon the several propositions of Messrs . Jones and Wheeler , together with the plan agreed upon at the late Convention , when . Mr . Wheeler ' s proposition of five Executive
members was adopted , and tho following persons were then put in nomination : —Messrs . Feargus O ' Connor , Ernest C . Jones , Thomas M . Wheeler , George J . Harney , and John Arnott . And we , the members of this locality , pledge ourselves to send one-peuny per member per month towards their support . —Moved —* That John Taylor and Daniel Morgan audit the accounts , and make out a balancesheet , to ho laid bofore the members at tbe annual meeting , on the 14 th of December ; that seeing the association is now progressing in numbers , we , tho memuars assembled , are
of opinion that it would be a great benefit to this association , if the older and more experienced members would take upon themselves the responsibility of acting aseounciWn for the next six months , as they are more calculated to command the respect , attention , and confidence of the people than the junior members can hope for . We are ready to labour , and do the work of the association ; all we want is advice aud counsel , which we hope they will give by attending the meeting on tho lith of December . Several new members having been enrolled , the meeting adjourned till Sundavnext .
Haslet and Shelto >\—At a meeting of members , held on Sunday evening last , the following resolutions were unanimousl y passed : —Resolved , 1 st , That it is the opiDion of this meeting that five members aTe quite sufficient for an Executive Committee . ' — ' Resolved , 2 nd , That we , the members of the Hanley and Shelton branch of the National Charter Association , in public meeting assembled , are astonished that the committee of the Working
Men ' s Demonstration to Kossuth at Copenhagen House , with Thornton Hunt as their chairman , should have offered such an insult to F . O'Connor , Esq ., and through him the glorious cause of Democracy ; and that this meeting is of opinion Thornton Hunt and those who acted with him have forfeited the confidence , aau well merited the displeasure , of all true reformers ; at the same time we tender our best thanks to Mr . Gr . W . M . Reynolds , for his manly conduct on that occasion .
Stockpokt . —The members held their usual meeting on Sunday last . Mr . Houghion in the chair . After the usual finauce business , the following resolution was agreed to : — ' That this meeting cordially agree with every sentiment contained in the able letter of Mr . E . Jones , of the lO'th iust ., and suggest tbe propriety of the country accepting an Executive of three , aud that they be paid for their services . '—In the evening Mr . Lewis , of Manchester , delivered tbo first of a course of
lectures on * The Comparative Condition of the Operatives of England and America . ' The lecturer was listened to with great attention , and exposed the shameful manner in which emigrants are robbed , both in this country and America , by a set of sharpers who deceive by professing to serve the unfortunates , who are endeavouring to better their condition by emigrating . After a vote of thanks to the lecturer tbe meeting separated , highly delighted and instructed by the disclosures made .
Staiybkidge . —The members met in their meeting room , Quarry-street , High-street , on Sunday last , when the following resolutions were agreed to : — ' That having given the letter of Mr . Ernest Jones , which appeared in the ' Star ' of ^ November 15 th , our serious consideration , we are unanimously of opinion that a paid Executive of three persons , would be most conducive to the welfare aud
organisation © four movement . '—2 nd , 'That we should he neglecting our duty if we did not express our abhorrence and disgust at tbe conduct of Mr . Thornton Hunt , at Copenhage n House , towards our fried and admired friend , Mr . O'Connor ; and also to return our best thanks to Mr . G-. W . M . Keyaolds , fir Ms noble and straightforward couduct on tbe occasion . '—WM . Hill , Secretary .
Bristol . —At a meeting recently held , the followingresolution , proposed by Mr . Shceham , seconded by Charles Clark , was unanimously adopted : — ' * Taking the address of Mr . Ernest Jones into consideration , we are of opinion that the next Executive ought to be a paid one and that it ought not to consist of less than five persons , three to remain in London to transact business , and two to go into the country to lecture as the different localities may require . The amount of salary to he decided by the country . The two lecturers to receive no pay from the general fund while in the country , but to arrange with the localities requiring their service respecting their payment , travelling expenses , &c . '
Coventry . —At a meeting of the Council and members , on Monday evening last , the following resolution was unanimously adopted —proposed by Alexander Yates , seconded by S . Barnes— ' That the treatment of the Demonstration Committee , at Copenhagen House , towards Mr . F . O'Connor , merits tbe scorn contempt of every lover of justice and fair play ; and we thank Sir . G . AY . M . Reynolds for his interference in the matter . 'W . Hosies , chairman .
BlUGHloS .- —A general meeting was held at the liUJining Horse , King-street , on Mondav evening . Mr . Sinnock presided . The minntes having been confirmed , the Executive business wasre ^ il , which caused « ii animated discussion , and the secretary was requested to cammon the whole of the members on Monday , DecenilMT 1 st , 1801 , to nominate a new Executive . The following resolution was - dootedafter an amicable discussion : — 'That il : ' ? inff heard tJie letter of Mr . Jones read , we highly approve of ' . he same , except that part which reecjnmeiids three persons as an Executfve Committee , as it is our decided opinion
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that five would be preferable . '—A vote oi thanks having been accorded to the chairman , the meeting adjourned until Monday next . Bradford ( Yorkshire ) . —At a meeting held at the Yorkshire Divan , Manchesterroad , on Sunday evening last , the following resolutions were unanimously agreed to Mr . James Ackroyd in the chair : — « That this meeting view with sorrow the unmanly and anti-democratic conduct of the parties who so grossly insulted Mr . Foargus O'Connor , by endeavouring to exclude him from Copenhagen * , „ -c ^« u . . ,,
House , during the Kossuth demonstration . " ' That the propositions put forth in the letter of Ernest Jones are highly approved by this society , and wo hereby highly recommend that three well-tried democrats be elected , and paid for the services . The three to be placed on equal terms ; one of { hem to remain in London each two months , and the other two to visit the country in their turn ; and we hereby recommend tho following as our candidates , namely : Ernest Jonea , € reorge Julian Harney , and Samuel M , Kydd . '
FijfBBBRY . — The Phoenix lodge of teetotalers having lent this association a banner , representing the Polish eagle , at the Kossuth demonstration , it procession of memberfl , mooting at the Institution m LoiceBter-place , Ray-street , was formed on Tuesday night for the purpose of paying a friendly visit to the lodge . Soreral speeches were delivered on the occasion , and a most friendly feeling was manifested . Thb Political Victims' Association . -- meeting of members , on Sunday last , it waa reported that no further particulars respecting the Radcliffe petition had been received from Ashton . Several letters were read by the chairman ( Mr . J . Shaw ) from different plaoes , complaining of the
im-DWiuy oi tne Executive Messrs . Bryson and Barer were eleotod as delegates to represent the association on the Metropolitan Delegate Counoil . Resolutions were then adopted , denouncing tho conduotoftho Kossuth Committee for their treatment of Mr . O'Connor , at Copenhagen House , and thanking Mr . Reynolds for his conduct on that occasion . The Kossuth Committee were also denounced for preventing the above Association from joining the procession under their own bamier . Tfie following persons were then nominated as candidates for the new Executive : —Foargus O'Connor , E * q , M . P ., Ernest Jones , Julian Hame / , Bronterra O'Brien , John Shaw , John J . Bczcr , Jnmoa M . Bryson , John Fussell , and Charles Young ,
Finbburt Localitt . —On Sunday last , at tho Literary and Scientific Institution , Lcicester-placo , Little Saffron-hill , a lecture on the Pleasures and Advantages of Education was given by Mr T . M . Wheeler , after which the usual weekly meeting of th » l&fifcUtjr was hel < 5 . Mr . WinmiU in tho chair . The Chairman reported from the aggregate meeting , that the Metropolitan Delegate Council was reorganised , and that the discussion on the Chartist policy , Ac , was postponed til ) next Sunday . MbBWB . Oaborno and Tfcedon were elected as delegates to tho Metropolitan Delegate Council . Mr . Ernest Jones' letter to the ChartiBts wag then read , after whioh Mr . Osborne moved , "that the letter of Mr . Ernest Jones has our approval , and that
this locality pledge themselves to endeavour to carry its recommendations into effect . " Seconded by Mr . Atkinson , and carried . Mr . Weedon moved , and Mr . Jordon seconded , " That this locality approve of a paid Executive of three , nnd call on the country to speak out on tho subject , " Carried . A motion was then made for the appointment of a visiting committee , for obtaining subscriptions , distributing tracts , &c . After some dis-CUSBlOn , it 8 further consideration was postponed till next Sunday . Three new members were enrolled , and the meeting adjourned . FlNSBUBT LlTEnAnT ASV SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION . — - For many years the working classes of Finsbury have been without an institution of the
abovenamed kind . They hare desired to assemble to consider subjects that affect their welfare , but could not , uuless they met in public houses , where they would be surrounded by debasing influences . They hare wanted evening classes , where their children could be taught grammar , logic , astronomy , chemistry , and other departments of human knowlodge , that develop the mind , ind elevate the soul ; hut they hare hoc had a place whore they could hold such . 'Within the last few weeks , howover , a committee have become the possessors of premises admirably adapted for a Literary and Scientific Institution , where tbe above objects could be most effectively and usefullv realised for thoso
who hare little time and loss mean ? . But , having no funds at their command , they are unable , at present , to make the alterations required , A small donation from each person who would like to see such an institution in Finsbury for working men , will soon enable tbe committee to have a place where instruction can he given and morality inculcated . The committee propose to establish at the Institute , evening classes , a library , and lectures that shall instruct and refine . Tho importance of such an Institution mnst be apparent to all ; the necessity is ovhicod in tho ignorance that abounds . We are informed that T . S . Duncomhe , Esq ., M . P ., has sent £ 5 to the committee .
Ths Maxchesteh Conference . —Messrs . Domain , Wilwcki Stainsley , Croft , J . and II . Smith , members of tho Bradford Association , express their opinion tbat the Chartist body should call upon the Executive to send a deputation to the Conference , to be holden on Wednesday next , in Manchester , teeing that the said Conference is not called by any particular party , but by all uhades of political reformers . They would be sorry to seo any measure short of the People ' s Charter adopted , but as the Conference is called for the purpose of demanding a system of reform in the name of the whole people , they urge upon the Chartist body and the Executive the necessity of sending a deputation to it . We are sorry that the press upon our columns prevents our giving the whole of their communication .
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LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION , LEICESTER PLACE , LITTLE SAFFRON HILL . Mr . Wheeler lectured here on Sunday evening . Subject— "The Advantages and Pleasures of Knowledge . " The lecturer commenced by stating that the true destiny of man was not to acquire wealth but to acquire knowledge , and through knowledge to attain to happiness , ll was no part of the economy of Nature that man should he ignored , and , as a consequence , miserable , but that all should he intelligent and happy . The book of Nature , that fountain head of all knowledge , was always open ; its pages were ever varied , and all replete with instruction . Knowledge , like happiness , was horn a twin , to be Useful ; to be beneficial it must be shared
with others . Tbe lecturer showed the advantage ! arising from its pursuits , as evidenced by the present and past history of the world . He then passed in review the various branches of scientific and literary education ; exposed the fallacy of the maxim , that " a little learning is a dangerous thing . " and concluded by showing its importance in a political point of view . Without education , liberty , fraternity , and equality was but a dream , which , when they attempted to realise , though in pursuit of an angel they would embrace a friend . The lecturer was much applauded . A splendid brass band , regularly engaged by the Institution , added to the attractions of the meeting .
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Thb Demxraka Steam Ship . —The Demerara , Royal West India mail packet ship , ot whose stranding in the river Avon accounts have already appeared , was removed on Saturday last from the berth she had taken up on the Somersetshire bank of tho new course of the l-irer Avon , and hauled into the Cumberland floating basin , where she now lies preparatory to her being dry-docked , winch will be effected as speedily as possible , so as to permit a close survey of her bottom . A committee of the Society ©/ Merchant Veuturers were engaged dnrin ? the greater part of Thursday and S : > tuid * y in investigating t ); e conduct oi" the pilot , Perciv .-sl , in whose charsie she was at the time when sho ran
norour . J . The cowimiitee catuc to the conclusion tk'it Pereiv . il , the pilot , had been gnilty of error of judgment in havim' so much way on the vessel ; but ' taking into . account the excellent character ho hart roeevv pu for steadiness and nautical sMi , they considered that the justice of the case would he met by his being suspendod from the exercise of his calling for six calendar months .
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. ,,. CHARTIST ORGANISATION . flf thS l meet T * " h 9 ld on Sunday » ft « rnoon , Sffln i - ? i l ' Il ? stltuti ° n , Leicester-place , Little Snffron-h 11 , to take into consideration the present state of the Chartist movement . Mr . HoUSKMAN was called to tho chair , Mr . Arnott having read the minutes of the last general meeting , Messrs . Leb and Osborne complained that tho Executive had not taken the necessary stops , recommended at the last moeting to give publicity to tho present one . Mr . Arnott having explained , the minutes wore confirmed .
Mr . Arkom , on behalf of the Exeoutive Committee , said the meeting was convened to hear the opinion of that body relative to the present position of Chartism in the metropolis . They were all aware ol the present isolated state of the localities in London , and the necessity of having a focus in which the sentiments of the whole could be concentrsted . For Mil purpose , thsy proposed the establishment of a Metropolitan Delegate Council . It would not only tend to forward the organisation , but any little differences of opinion might be thero explained and cleared away , and the acerbities whioh were arising be cooled down . Mr . Obbornb moved : —•• That the meeting resolve iUelf into a committee , to consider the present State Of ChMtigm . " The e » iablinhment of a Delsgate Council , though good in itwlf , was a mattw of minor importance . - .- * Vi . ^
Mr . Jones seconded the motion , whioh vraa unanimously agreed to . On the motien of Mr . Whriur , fir * minul e * w « r » allowed to each speaker . Mr . Nicholls thought that the failure of Chartism wag owing to the want of exertion on th « part of the Chartists ; all the work fell upon a few . Some grumbled at the Executive , others thought their plans were defective ; but the general opinion neemed to bo , that the Executive could work , although they negleoted to supply them with fundi . Tho spirit of Chartism appeared to him to consist in doing little themselves , and in dislikinir
to » ee it done by others . This spirit must be got rid of , or it would destroy thorn . B » noticed thii sumo spirit evinced against a gentleman on the Kossuth Committee . Localities were passing resolutions not to send up funds unless he resigned , ( Cries of Question , " } This spirit wiib evinoed in many other vrayi ; he only alluded to it as an ilhutrtttion . The Charter was excellent , but they must » truggle to pbtivin it . iu a friendly ipirit . Their prejent position was exoellont , if they only knew how to take advantage of the opportunities that surrounded them . If they were not joined by the bulk of the working men , it was because their views were not sufficiently practical .
Mr . Ernxst 3 osb 8 eaid it was useful to look Bt the faults of the pr . st ; but tbe best way to keep the Executivo up to tbo mark was to have a practical Plan of Org&nitiaiion . They were too isolated . District councils worked well in the north . He therefore moved " That tbo Metropolitan Delegate Council should be re-ostablished . " There must be A point of union . The Executive bad other dutie * to perform . It was bad polioy to ailow the Eicoutire to possess tho immense leverage which this point of union would giro thorn in the metropolis . They must be a body distinct from the Executive . Their duty would be not only to organise tho Chartists , but also to organise their places of moeting , and remove them from public houses . Mr . HoDOSoa seconded tho motion , and dwelt upon tho advnntnges arising from « uoh anttasombly . It was better to do something , oven if they fell into error , than remain apathetic
Mr . Osbohne supported the motion . It was almost impossible to get up public meetings in London without the assistance of auch a body . Ho had struggled hard to obtain their monthly meetings , whioh had been objected to by the Executive on the ground of expense . Ou the Bawo ground they objected to call public meetings , They expressed a desire to see publio houses abandoned ; but because ihoy lost a few pence by the last meeting held in tbat hall , they refused to call another , though tbey could have the hall the beBt night in the week free of expense ; yot , at the tame time , tbey could pay » secretary £ 104 a year .
Mr . llBitiiKRT said a Delegate Council was the chain by which they could unito in one effort the strength of the whole London Chartists . Mr . Lbb thought sufficient steps had not been taken to collect the votus of the London Chartists . He approved of the motion as a stopping-stone to other measures , lie found great fault with the conduct of the Executivo , more especially with one of them , for bis conduot towards Mr . O'Connor at Copenhagen House . TJjo Chairman called tho speaker to order , and stated his willingness to allow that question to bo discussed after the motion was disposed of . Notwithstanding this , many of the speakers referred to it , chiefly in condemnation of the coum taken by Mr . Hunt .
Mr , Lr . B wab determined tho question should notreBfc where it was ; at a future time he should move that Mr . Hunt should be excluded from the Executive . If the Chartists took energetic steps , Lord John Russell would quail before them . Ho had been a working man , and was anxiouB that All should enjoy tho right of voting , which he himself possessed . Mr . Lbho said the interests of the movement could not bo fbrwardod by blaming those whom they had placed in power . If they failed in their duty they could remove them . He blamed the feeling whioh was expressed against Mr . Hunt . It w& » r Bubjeot which hud nothing to do with Chartism . The Executive could not create enthusiasm out of Apathy unlesi tbe people bestirred themselves and cave them the means . O ... .- it 11 . i _ i it : x _ said and truth had to
Mr . Cuddbh justice nothing do with poraonalities . He blamed the past conduct of the Executive . He thought they should return to their localities , call publio meetings , and receive instructions bofore further steps woro taken . Mr . Enuisi Josis protestedngainst such a course . The meeting was both large and influentail , » nd should prooeoil at once to work . Mr , Whmwr s howed , from past experience , the utility of h Delegate Counoil . He did not agree with Mr . Leno . lie thought the past conduot of the Executive should be scrutinized in ordor that those best acquainted with tbe progress might give the country the result of their opinions prior to a new election taking place . They needed something more to resuaoitate Chartism besides the establishment of » Delegate Counoil in London . They must oreAte localities before they could elect delegatos . Tho country bad a right to expect that they should dive an opinion on the propositions put forth by Ernwt Jones .
Mr . T . Husx said , the question appeared to resolve itself into a motion relative to himself . He wished to speak on that subject . ( After some delay Mr . Hunt proceeded . ) He should not have alluded to the subject if he had not been attacked . It had nothing to do with Chartism . He was responsible for the advice he had g iven to the Kossutb Committee alone . To them he had rendered an account , lrhich th » y had deemed satisfactory . He was appointed by themselves , on the Executive , to conduct the affairs of Chartism ; if he had failed
in his duty to that eauso , he was willing to retire . In all affairs outsido of Chartism he claimed to be free . Their business was the present state of Chartism Out of a population of twenty-six millions , they had onl y about 6 , 000 enrolled Chartists . The cause of this was , that they had not done thoir duty to the people . They had neglected tbe poor agricultural labourer ; they had neglected the poor in the largo towns . They did not aee anything which effected their immediate interests advooatad , and consequently they were not Chartists .
Mr . Murray attributed the present stiite of the movement to want of unity , and to the Executivo not mixing sufficiently with the body . A Delegate Council would keep a watchful eye on tbe Executive , and would render any attempt to sell the movement impossible . All experience , both in London and the north , was in its favour . Ur . Ls Bi . oxd said , t . o doubt could bo entertained as to tho us-. f ah ess « : f fc-ie Council . The only question was , whether they would not be raising up »» antagonistic body to ' the Executivo they wore shortly to elect . ' Ho feared this might bo the result , nnd he warmed them to beware of it . Mr . L ' RiDRMJx . thousjut , from th « observations of the seconder of the motion , they wished to be aii obstructive power against other movements ; if this wrs thoir intention , they would dasiroy tbe liti Je power they now possessed .
} lr . DlCK oljeeteJ to ntiy further committee * . They wore invested with irrespoiniblo pewera , nnd dc ^ viieratcd into cliques . All power should bo inviNjicJ iu public meetings of the body . Hi * . BiATnE s--ii ! , l , the last delegate mooting w * 3 broken up through its continual ' fault-finding with the Executivo . lie feared that too muoh of that spirit animated the present meeting .- Hp was in
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! favour of the Council , but it should be bound bv ¦ trict rules . They had nothing to do with Parlia ' - m » ntnry Reformers , but to took to their own ore * . miation . ¦ . Mr . Bezer was in favour of having a Delegate Council , but it was useless to elect them vtnlesi thay wew prepared to support them . Delegate nuelmgs were no new feature in the movement he had attended them ten years baok , and the mere fact of re-organising them would not resuscitate the S « KWbSSdo ^ more r ™« * w Mr . OLLTBBKSmw said if the duty of the Council wai to provide halls , to organise a ' staff of lecturers , and appoint deputations t » visit their own localities , and also the trades , " . then he was in favour of them . His own trade—the hatters—was already in motion , and if the Chartist : body did not take more efficient steps than they had done , other parties would do the work for them . Cbartism would not die , oven if the present organisation did not
The motion wag then oarriod with two diswntionts . : , ¦ Air . Thorstok Host moved : — " That a Committee be elected to draw up roles for the guidance of the Council , " , Mr . Bmtthb seconded the motion . 'whioh was supported by Mr . Ernest Joses . Mr . Nicholls moved as an amendment : —" , That the localities be recommended tqelect delugfltes who should draw up rules for theirown guidanoff . " Mr . Murrat seconded the amendment , whiohVas supported by Mr . EpwiBDS , and , carried' with two dwsontient 8 . . •* * . .,. 1 . . - . ^ -a ¥ ' - ' . a . ,. 1 .,, .- *¦ , .-: ;
Mr . WKKEMB-mavaa th £ 4 ollowing resolution ;~ " That this meeting , composed of the active Chartists of the metropolis , recommend to their brethren in tho country the propriety of reducing tho number of the Executive to five , And tbat it should elect members who would give their sole and undivided attention to the Charter , as the only means of obtaining political power for tho people , " Mr . Lkk seconded tbe motion , though he should profer tbe number to be three . He entirely agreed with the sentiments expressed in Mr . Jones ' s letter . They ought not to have men at thoir hoad who bolongod to other movements . ( Cheers . ) They must Rive their undivided attention to Chartism . Tho Parliamentary lteformers would never give them the Charter .
Mr . DjuAFoncu moved , ns an amendment" That previous to the timo of the Executive going out of office , a . confevoncB be called to decide upon the organisation . " He was in . favour of ; in Executive of three , but thought they Lid no power to alter the present plan without a conference . He then detailed his ideas relative to tho organisation , employment of lecturers , &c . The amendment having been seconded , Mr . E . Jones supported tho resolution . There were neither time ' nor means to call a conference prior to the Executive being out of office , and tbe people in their meetings had full power to ulitko the alteration .
The question was then adjourned until the following Sunday afternoon , at 3 o'clock , to meet at the samo place . The meeting was a numerous and animated one .
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ACCIDENTS IN MINES . TO Tna SDITOR 0 T THE KORTnEUN STAR . Sin , —The continued frequency of the fatal accidents occurring in the coal mines of this country , » nd the wholesale destruction of human life thereby , is sufficiently important not to require any further apology in soliciting a sp ; ico in your valuable and viiafcly circulated journal fora few remarks thereon . The question naturall y suggests itself to every humane ami philanthropic inquirer : cannot these dreadful events bo lessened in number , and their magnitude nnd extent diminished ? To this quustion I reply in the affirmative , and shall , iu na brief a sj >; vcc ,-vs possible , place before your rcaderi the proofs of n » y assertion , and not only pvovo tU « possibility of diminishing thoir frequency , but show good cause whovobj tlwy may be ( us far as explo-« iona are concerned ) entirely prevented .
To give the readers of your paper the gre : i { e » t facility in understanding this aul-ject , for I am quite sure a large portion of the cwiimutiifcy feel keenly upon these direful catastrophies , although from thoir waut of knowledge in mining aifcira they aro necossnrily limited in their pover to redress evils of such mngnituiie ; and , no doubt , many from such limited Knowledge will be led to uclaim ( but from a different motive ) with the coroner's jury , that such fatalities lire in the order of Providence , and cannot be avoided . Vide tho following expressed opinion of the coroner aC tllO Wallseud inquest , in 1635 , when 102 human being * nere acut to thoir last account : — " The fiat of Providence had gene forth , and upwards of 100 human beings were launched into eternity . " Sir , tbo manner and mode in which the coal
fields of this country are oponed for trade and business , involves within it the basis of calculating the degree of safety which attaches itself to each mint ) ( . r colliery ; and tho capitalists who engage in such undertakings can , if they choose , ensure a degree of safety whioh would make the loss of life by explosion next to impossible . The question is simply one of calculation , and depends upon the excont of the royalty to be worked , and tl \ S known nature of tho seam * of coal In the emission of tho various g ases . For example , n seam is to be sunk , which is known to give out large quantities of hydrogen gas , or firs-damp , others may hnro teas of chat peculiar gni , but emit great volumes of carbonic aoid gas , or choke damp ; uow as tbe extent of tho coal field to be won is accurately known , nnd as it is equally correotly known which of tho ivro kinds of soam of coal is to
bo worked , there but wants a Trilling and a generous heart to mako the winning perfectly safe . Ueooe , tbe true cause of tbe extensive loss of life In our pits ia duo to a spirit of cupidity and avarice , which exhibits itself in tho pinching and ontraoting of the various shafts and drifts oonnectcd with tho undertaking , and in not laying them out co-extcusive with the works , and the e £ - tent to which they are intended to be driven . This will bo apparent to all who are acquainted with tho nature of such works ; but further illustration will also make it plain to all . Atmospheric
air is the grand and essential principle of safety in tho prevention of explosions , and as we know of no limit to its supply , and as that supply is amply Kuffioient to afford nil that is required , there wants only nmplo shafts , and the proper machinery , to draw from tho groat reservoir of Nature the required quantity . The pits at present sunk , and those which aro in process of sinking , aro neatly all mines of this great essential—viz ., want of proper proportions to bring the requisite amount of atmo-¦ pherio air to remove tbe gas expected to be met with , and the want of efficient machinery to convoy tbe air to its destination .
In proof of this position , and tbat such is the practico of the agents or owners , I will adduce the evidenco tondered before tbe coroner ' s jury , at th « recent inquiry at the 'West Moor , or Killingwortb Colliery , and the official report of tho Committee ef the Houao of Commons , which sat iu 1833 , U inquire into tho " causes of acoidonts in mines . " Mr . Johnatone , the viower of tbe West Moor Colliery , admitted that more air could have been put into that part of tho pit which fired and kilUd men , but said that b » dill not think it necessary . Mr Dunn , the government Inspector of Wines ,
declared , also , th » t more air could have been put in there , and that if he had examined the pit previous to the explosion , be would have advised the necessity . ot doing ao . Here , then , we have tU « admission of both parties a « to what could be done—Mr . Joha-• tone only exercising bis own invioWnco and criminality by stating tbat he did not think it neccBsary . The correec / ieB * of tbe views of each may be ascertained by the asseverations of some of the workmen examined—who declared their apprehension of danjrer—and also from the fact , also stated by all the witnBBSO * , that tbat part of tbo pit bail tired three times within the fortn i ght . two
The colliery in question has three shafts , of which are downcasts , or rather the downcast shaft is one for several fathoms down , when it takes the form of a double shaft , and is fourteen feet diameter . The upcast pit or slmft is twelve feet diameter , and is situate about a mile from the down cast Tho whole volume of aiv deseMiiiing the shaft is stated to be 33 , 000 cubic feet \ wv minute , and the portion ai . str » ' . 'te < l from the main column to vuntib'tc tlmt . part which oxjiloded . is about 7 , 000 cubic feet pev minute . . , Tii » wyvkinwi complain , tnal in PCTonu other part * of the [ jit the workings are so warn * as to 1 . 0-cessUfcue t ' ocro to dutiude tliumeeWes of all their doiS . es , »»< i to work with a loose g . Wtnem lustfineii ari'iii ! -: ! their bodi-. ti ; and thus wo have exhibited s . defiMiey o ! t ' . io whole current of air which pa » so » j down the shafts . \ Uew J 3 apparent that the 33 , 000 cubic feet
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Ifo . aid tofieiolh ^ aMil ^ ibKhftft , wh ^ n " t 0 ftffor ' d % MISrim c'ii that safety ¦*» ¦ 1 ! \ » er 3 . ^ e bo . uM inmii 0 « to give them ,. ? ° i " *« " . it i « t 6 be ' -Topgopfhen certain re- KtJJM-w Ooroner ' 8 e 6 urt 8- ' 'tft ke ' pince they waJ * h . / u rai 1 e in « P « otor informSA ' us that ho would nr « - * i » < ieen that part o&thapit wbic ) J fired prenoualy ) advised that 10 , 000 , ci $ o feet of air S ift i » . Ringing . tbe ^ JLJ % taJ $ StedS * l th « Pi ^ ^ a ? then passing tbff na « t&t , ' ™ K about 10 ; 000 - oubic feet ft pass through the mow . WeroiW part first ; aoS confcnuously on to the other ' pbr tj- of £ wbrkings , which I think ho termed the College Flatt . " . This arrangement would , no doubt , lessen tha ' amount Of danger , but for a short period onlr . ..... „„ .. „ .. —•¦»»• , »»> iui u snore penou
onlyinncmuch aa the workings heoame more extended the 10 , 000 cubic feet would be just as inadequate a » the previous quantity proved to bo . Besides tho 10 , 000 cubic feet thus made to p * ss through , this ' . fiery part would necessarily carry all the deadly Kas given off to the other workmen'at the College Fiatt ; and although tbey had safety , or DavyJ- - - lamps , they would le placed exaotly in thesamai / " danger ; a » the men who were killed by the explo * ' ' ' » iou , premising that large quantities of gas fre- : • quently came oflftbero , and would be thus carried •;;• per force upon the i . impsof tbe workmen ^ aml frQHl ,. ?' ; h 8 liability of the Darylamp to pass an infiaoJ ^ j . mable mixture , the probability i »; that ; the point of > danger would only be shifted from tho place- which ) fired to tho College Fi .-r tfc . The only sure and permanent remedy , theraforev * . is to have a muoh larger quantity of air as a whokv - a
and instead of 33 , 000 cubic feet of air per minute , ..-. is let 60 , 000 or 80 , 000 be brought down . It is no . * uso palliating and temporising nnd shifting . ¦ . the . ? point of danger only when there is an t > japW . '' " . ¦ supply of ^ tmogphurio air to be had by incrcaunis ' " " the number of Bhnfti aud the area of ttodrtfta ' ati * ' . air passages . ¦ ' ' ¦ 1 am aware of th « grand objection to sinking- --more shafts , via ., the great expense of the some , ¦ But in the cnae of Killingworth the volume of air can be incroaaod to double tho amount and more ,-, without tbo expense of sinkingany more Bhafts , a& ¦
will be seen by tbe following d ^ ta . The diaiirtter of the upcasOhift is twelve feet . And that ' or the downcast fourteen feet diameter , and the volume «( air dtscohding 33 , 000 cubic feet . Noiv at Great Hetton Colliery , the upcast shaft h > fourteen feet-diameter , and the downcasts—three in DUfflbfei ^ ijqj ^^^ jJB ^ i ^ bbordojHi ^ nd the - . volume of air mad / e'Wp % aS tictirn these « ha ? t « is up-. wards of 100 , 000 cubic feet per minute . Wbat a contrast between the quantity drawn from the common atmosphere in thigcase , aud the quantity pausing down the Killingworth pit , whereas onlytwo feet difference exists hi their respective diameters of the upcast shafts .
Surely what can be done at Hetton can bo done at Killingworth . And why is it not done ? Mr . Nicholas Wood , tho head viewer at Hetton Colliery , isrIbo one of the partners in the Killing worth Colliery . Would it l ) 0 t bo wisdom and politic for tbat gentleman to order tbe application of similar means to make Killingworth a safe pit , which hasproduced such grand results in the pits at Hetton ? Sir , as it is intended to carry out and bring before your numerous readers a full and lengthy exposure of the systems practiced in our worst ventilated pits , and to show that these dreadful sacrifices of the miners' lives is due more to the spirit
of cupidity and ayarics than to any real diiliculties which besot the owners of such collieries , I shall conclude this letter , which is perhaps already long enough , hoping to be allowed to recur to the subject , and lo satisfy the minen and public that many things could be done which are left undone , and which , if but , common diicretion was observed by the agents , lire lives of the workmen would be prC 8 e ^ Yed ^ and tbe property of die owners made much , more fflluable tlmu at present . I am , yours , < fcc . il . JUDH . Ship Inn , Drury-l » n « , N » wcastle-on-Tyu « , November 95 th , 3851 .
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SHALL WE HAVE A TH 1 UMVIR ? TO THE EDITOn OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Mr . Editor , —Wilt you have tho kindness tO " permit mo , throuyli the medium of your { taper , to address a few remarks to my brother Chartists . I am anxious , for the ' good of tbe cause itself—for tho good of humanity—that nt the present time there should be no blundering policy—no compromise—no scattering of sjiapavliN Iwve srou thereno mawkish sentimentalism in reference to this ijrent idea and the other great idea—no approach even of identification witlfanu yiarly or with anji policy that baa not for its object the realization of those principles for which as Chartists wo havo so long , and against such fearful odds , done battle .
Let any thinking man go through the address of Ernest Jones , in No . 30 of " Note ' s to the People , " nnd then refer back to what has been done in the past year , and ho cannot fail , I think , of arriving at the conclusion , that with a paid Executive , under the immtdiato supervision of tbo people , and tbat Executive not made up of jumng element ? , more , much moro , niijjhf . have been accomplished in the way of furthering tlio great object wo all profess to have so much at heart . Of what avail is it that this man has splendid talents—another genius of the first order—another the prestige of a great name , when each and all of those ave so . circumstanced that the talents of tho first , the genius of the second , and ( ho great name of the third , is hereby suflicicnt to answer tho purposes of living in the most vulgar acceptation in which that term is received ?
What I would propose is , thHthc Chartists elect an Executive of three or five , as they may see fit ; but that such Executive be paid in a wsiy as will enable them , the Executive , to give to the movomsnt not an hour per iveek , but the whole of their time , talent , and onergies . Supposing there should be elected three working paid members , and two honorary members , t !; o Executive tliL'ii . ' as far as numbers are concerned , would meet Mr . Wheelas ' s suggestion in the " St . u- " of last week , us well as realize the objucfc set forth in Mr , Jbnca ' s address . There are two gentlemen in this country who havo not only identified themselves with tho movement , but have refused everything in the Sliapo of veulunwation ; and of tins willingness of these two to servo , if .-o elected , there can be no manner of question . The two gentlemen to whom I refer are Messrs . O'Connor and Ueynolds . I remain , sir , yours respectfully , John Cameho . v . Ilulme . November 25 th , 1851 .
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CAPABILITIES OF THE LAND . TO THE KDIT 0 H . OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —Seeing , at several times , in your valuable journal various accounts of tbe value and cultivation of tbe Land , and taking an interest in i-. ' . l improvements of that kind , a few of the Old Guards of Rocbdale determined to try what the Land would do , at we should lie better satisfied with our own experience . We therefore formed a little co-ope alive society ( not for the sake of profiimongcri ^ hut for principle ) , to raise the funds to commence With . We succeeded in taking 1 , 280 yards , rather over one quarter of an acre , at a rental of £ i per annum ; the Land , which had only been broke up the year previous , was in a very uncultivated state , and was chiefly composed of gravel and large stones . I have sent you a enrruct statement of our proceeding in this , the first year of our undertaking .
rnoDocs oi' l , 2 S 0 yards or oaiidkn land , £ 8 . d . Potatoes , 18 * 4 ( J 4 Other Vegetables 2 10 Stock at present on Land , comprising Fruit Trees , FlantSi Seeda , Koots , ( to , ... ... ... 2 16 S One Pig ... ... ... 2 0 0 £ 11 4 0 ANNUAL E . TPKNDIIUBB . £ S . d . Rent . Rates , and Taxes 4 0 0 One Pig , in September ,.. ,,. 1 10 0 £ 5 10 0 Produce and Stock ,.. ... 11 4 fl Deduct Expenditure ... ... 5 10 0 * £ 5 14 0 ^¦^^^ H ^ bam ^ M
Remaining for labour and capital invested . Now , Sir , bear in mind , we have not included he better cultivation of the land ; we consider that it will fully balance the labour , which will no doubt prove better next year . We have also tried to obiain the best plan of growing potatoes , whether the old plan or that recommenned hy Mr . O'Connor , nnd we find the best produce from Mr . O'Connor ' s plan , and would recommend is to a !! rotato growers . In conclusion , we are lully satisfiftil , that could the Land be obtained 81 a ' fair viital , it would prove most beneficial to the working c ' asses . Yuiirs irulv , Xlocbdale , Not . 2 oth IU . bbkt G : m-
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NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Offices—14 , Southampton-street , Strand . The Executive Committee of ' thia body held their usual weekly meeting as above on Wednesday evening last . Present — Messrs . Arnott , Grassby , Hunt , and Le Blond . Jleaara . Harney and Holyoake , being in the country , were absent . Ernest Jones ( from other engagements ) and Messrs . Milne and O'Connor veto also absent , The COrrespOUdGttCO received -was read . There being only four of the Committee present no public business was transacted . It having been decided that a special meeting be called at tbe earliest time possible , the Committee adjourned . Tbe monies received will be acknowledged next week . , ¦ Signed , on behalf of the Committee , John Arnoit , General Secretary .
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Livkuoooi . Uuunty Coi ;« t JuBor . smr . -- Sir . Joseph Tollock , of Manchester , into Judge of t-ho Salforu Hunched Cor . iD of Jtot : « ni , is ; H > o : i . ted Jlld gO Of tbo Ooutay Com t . or LUu-s <»>) . u ; the room of Mr . . Itunalnvy , removed . Mv . J . h . buur , of tho Sortuern Circuit , v-ill succeed ( Mr oosepa Pollock as Judge of the Coutt oi Record : ov the Hundred of Salford . — Plate .
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, ' : S 4 Tteto ^/ f ^ - *^ ^ AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL . *
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I !! yUL 0 -.. ? & LOMDOfl , SATURDAY ^ N 0 YEMBER 19 J 8 MT ~ ,. ™»«™™»« — ' - . : ? - — . _!_ » nillmg » s «« l Sixpence per Qunrlor ! + iT ! __ " *"'"'"""' " *"'^ — ———» " ¦ ———— '
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jO THE VERITABLE CHARTISTS .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 29, 1851, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1654/page/1/
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