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THE TRUE HEART . The king may be prond of his crown , The lordlins may boast of his birth , The miser cetfgl tin his goldnis only hearc-idol on earth . Conrt pageants may dazzle the sight , "With all their gorgeous eclat , Bat these , when compared with the heart , Are empty , and light as a straw . Consider its worth , and then search For treasures the world through and through , But nothing on earth you will find That can vie with the heart that is true . Boast not of your riches to me , I envy not , miser , thy dross ; And wordline , I envy thee not ,
The vain tilings which thy thoughts ensroSB I seek not the smile of the great ; To none would I bow the knee ; But the man that ' s a trne . houest heart , I love him , whoe ' er he may be . Though poor , he is wealthy indeed ; Though clad in the humblest guise , let there is enshrined in his breast That treasure—the pearl of great price . 'Tis a heart that knoweth no gnile , "Tisa heart that is loyal and free , In friendship it knoweth no change , In love , it is all ctmstanpy . A true heart is worth all beside , It will stand . adversity's test , " Sof will it be ever snl > riued ,
Until death shall calm it to rest . Go worldlings and gather your dross . And heap up your glittering store , Bu' give me a true , honest heart ; 1 ask for—I wish for no more . Sheffield , April 5 th . Johh Bookeb
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Robert JBtole , Admiral and General at Sea . ByH . Dison . London : Chapman and Hall . Among the many men who shed lustra in the g lorious times of the English Commonwealth the subject of this biography held a distinguished place ; and it is strange that this should he the first elaborate attempt to narrate the events of his life—to commemorate his gallant and patriotic deeds , and to do honour to one who was an honour to the nation . In many respects , he resembled the modern naval hero who stands at the head of sea Commanders , both in
the possession of calm courage , which shrunk from bo danger , and in the devotion of all his faculties to the service of the country . But in the volume before us there are numerous evidences that his moral nature washigher and purer than that of Nelson ; and in the absence of all desire for personal aggrandisement , as well as the quiet , well-balanced , and self-sustaining strength of his character , he may , in many respects , he classed with "Washington . Praise greater than that we cannot bestow upon the memory of this great Englishman .
Mr . Dixon writes with the aid of famil y papers , and of sundry memorials , gathered by patient industry and research . His style is fluent and forcible , and he possesses the great merit of placing vividl y before the reader the scenes he depicts . The following extract will give a good idea both of the author and 13 s subject : — Unlike so many of the selfish officers who had hitherto teen hu rivals in ^ lory and public service , when the Kin «' s cause was lost , and the Kins ; himself was become a jriso . -er , he made no attempt to throw himself iuto the centre of intrigues or to use his great influence in tlie Weat for his personal advancement . With a true Roundhead
contempt for wei-lth and the dazzling prizes laid open to the ambition of geniu 3 in troubled time 3 , he remained at his post , doing Ms duty , humbly and faithfully , at a distance from Westminster ; while other men with less than half his claims were asking and obtaining the highest honours and rewards from a grateful and lavish country . A sincere Republican , it was ^ his wish to see the nation settled on the solid basis of a religious commonwealth ; but though his principles were stern , his practical politics were all essentolly moderate . That , at any period after the sword was drawn and blood had actually been shed in the quarrelhe
, woaM willingly have treated with the King , as King , is doubtful ; bnt after Charles ' s refusal of the terms offered lor his acceptance while he was with the Scottish army , it ia certain that Blake no longer entertained a thought of maintaining the monarchy in his person . The whole town of which he was representative and governor , he at its head , prayed die bouse never to mate peace or receive proposals ironi the ^ perjured sovereign , but to continue the war even to an end , so as to obtain a firm and lasting settlement of religion an < i public quiet—pledging themselves to support parliament in this course of action to the last dron of their
wood . Yet this patriotic zeal did not blind him to the suggestions of justice and true policy . The proceedings of the army chiefs after Charles fell into their hands lave lum great annoyance . Like Algernon Sidney , the -jounger Tane , and other of the wiser or more moderate men , he wished to see the King deposed and haaisbed . He deprecated even the appearance of illegality and violence ; and when he found the party of which Cromwell was the inspiring genius bent on his trial and execution , be ondly expressed bis discontent at their proceedings S l * f * v V , CB Of his humane « H"taions , declared openly that he would as freely venture his life to save the lung as ever he had done to serve the Parliament . * He considered Cromwell violent and illogical in his desire to put the King to death , and he stated that as his deliberate
opiuion . But he never professed to think the question of ¦ ffuiit should bo done with the faithless King other than One W were policy and detail . la the idea of founding in England a great religious commonwealth , he concurred with all liis soul . What else was left ? He had seen monarchy m what was then considered its best form , produce onJy falsehood , tyranny , spiritual intolerance , and moral debauchery ; he wished therefore to try the experiment of a democracy founded on religions princi ples . Yet , overling all his private theories and desires , there reigned in nf Jin £ f ? tron / Sfinse of P atri ° t ' e devotion . Covetous w glory , but free from the lower vices which often grow ti i > i » uk nei ghbourhood of that noble nassion . hi » thnW
fnl iJ ] ? . ; , oy wght , was how he could still be use-™ d » iwLi elov ? " country , and to those great Protestant and liberal principles for which she had sacrificed her do-An « nn I ! ' ' ? ' P ° ured ont her best blood in torrents . An opening for a new and glorious career soon offered itself clVf' t thea PPOintment of the heroofTanntontotihe tuSni " lcQmman d-whether , as has often been conjeemnr » ™ tive had its origin in Cromwell ' s wieh to re-Zll f ° , ? Owerfnl and incorruptible an officer from the tbS ™ ™ own intrigues , or in the general belief of the ? aW fJ chlefstbat h « executive genius , dauntless o « Ur 1-, W S sood fortune would be as conspiracy displayed in his naval as in his military exploits—it was one oi the most important events in that age , and opened a new and most brilliant era in the history of the wush navy .
As a companion picture take the following of his private life : — "When absent from his political and professional duties , it ¦ was his delight to run down to Bridgewater for a few days or weeks , and with his chosen books and one or two devout and abstemious friends , to indulge in all the luxuries of seclusion . He was by nature self-absorbed and taciturn . A long walk , during which he appeared to his simple nei « l > t > onrs , to be lost in profound thought , as if working out in ius own mind the details of one of his great battles , or busy with some abstruse point of Puritan theology , usually occupied his morning . If accompanied bv one of his brothers or by some other intimate friend , he was still for the mot pan sil ent . Good-humoured always , and enjoying sarcasm ynen of agrare , high class , he yet never talked from the « irr ° ? s ™ stroct , ° r encouraged others so to employ their
tW hrntfcn his P rese . nce . Even his lively and ratwh ° n tm ev nmn P nrey , his almost constant companion ^ templiive' 4 Wt ™» ^ ng habit , the great man ' s when his fri j E « f-commnning gait and manner ; and he n « ed to sav * w i ! 1 ! ed him on the object in after years , waikin * bv thP AH - £ ad cau ? * he trick of siIence w - hile on Knoll mm f , lral s side in his long morning musings eious ennrni * * - plaia dinner satisfied his wants . Iteligenerallv fin i " ' readin = and the detai ! s of business , WiknruMT ? P even 5 n S until supper-time ; after and a ' fH ' I Fonounced by the General himself , sack and ?^ PPer V ! wonld k ™ ri » bly call for his cup of «!« £ torLtal * f 5 and while he drank tw ° ^ iakitu " . ^ domestics , asking minute ^ SoJTJt S ? nei S bb . onra and acquaintance ; or T « w » l « Torrn ^ £ f \ 7 3 nd P leas «* in the conqueror of &m $ iKSiS aptne 1 - nd ^ "dance ofhis quo . ^ ftssssar ^ sy ; had not forfeited ^^ aJd ^ - 1 sPaMtofollow the her o throngh his ^ S A ^ flcareer > ri relate *«• & «•» tt *« and tf ^^ ^ tion-triedhy conrt „ , •*» ana aismiRispd frnm + t , « »„ :. . i . , ..
uon ihp ^ , « i i —r , - " ° = « viwj nisDiotner , S ** Jltl T } aDd to Whom he left ' in fo ^ n We lTv' ^ . S "*? P ^ «¦ Property . grea * comlX p - ^ ^ ribe the death of the nobl y servS d n - ™ &m 818 ht of * e land he had so porsairs at % » i I a 8 t aCfcWas to c ° mpelthe Moorish t ^ Sa tj ratoretheir Christian captives ^ . ^ gland S . 6 Dter mt *** P ^ ce ^ yaceo ^ l ^ f aTir tuonsjind honourablelifeanxi-( fi , «« TS % i ? t Admiral tnrned his thmg te * 52 " ^ . th SS £ I ^ tive land . The lettw of iSh ' him ^ Smfri ^ Parllamen t » «•» jewelled ring US £ a * 'S tEI f antr y » -a » wm *« 1 Wm to-WthoM \* prof oondltm $ ua ^ grateful remembrance ^'• Wi mSS ™ *'" . Witb 0 "t after thought , ^« e , he had served the Commonwealth
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V * . Si "« £ ' earn f , yt anxiously , audwith rare devotion . SSi t ^ ateful to her hero . With the letter of thanks from Cromwell , a new set of instructions arrived , wmen allowed him to return with pirt of his fleet , leavins a squadron of some fifteen or twenty frigates to ride before i y j 2 diz and intercept its traders ; with their usual deference to his judgment and experience , the Protector and Eoard of Admiraiity left the appointment of the coMimand entirely with him ; and as his galknt friend Stayner was gone to England , where he received a knighthood and other well-won honours from the government , ho raised Captain Stoaks , the hero of Porto Ferino , and a commander of rare promise , to the responsible position of his Vice-admiral in the Spanish seas . Hoisting his pennon on his old flagship the St . George ,
BUke saw for the last time the spires and cupolas , the masts and towers , before which he had kept his long and victorious vigils . While he put in for fresh water at Cascaes road he was very weak . " I beseech God to strengthen him . " was the fervent prayer of the English resident at Lisbon , as he departed on the homeward voyage . While the ship 3 rolled through tbc tempestuous waters of the Bay of Biscay , he grew every day worse and worse . Some gleams of the old spirit broke forth as they approached the latitude of England . He inquired often and anxiously if the white cliffs were yet in sight . He longed to behold the swelling downs , the free cities , the goodly churches of his native land . But he was dying beyond all doubt . Many of his favourite officers silently and mournfully crowded round his bed , anxious to catch the last tones of a voice
which had so often called them to glory and victory . Others stood at the poop and forecastle , eagerly examining every speck and line on the horizon , in hope of being first to catch tbe welcome glimpse of land . Though they were coining home crowned with laurels , gloom and pain were in every face , it lust the Lizard was announced . Shortly afterwards the bold cliffs and bare hills of Cornwall loomed out grandly in the distance . But it was now too late for the dying hero . He had sent for the captains and other great officers of his fleet to bid them farewell ; and while they were yet in his cabin , the undulating hills of Devonshire , glowing with the tints of early autumn , came full in view . As the ships rounded Rame Head , the spires and inssts of Plymouth , the woody heights of Mount Ed" 6-combe , the low island of St . Nicholasthe rocky steeps of
, the Hoe , Mount Batten , the citadel , the many picturesque and familiar features of that magnificent harbour rose one by one to sight . But the eyes which had so yearned to behold this scene once more were ut that very instant closing in death . Foremost of the victorious squadron , the St . peorgerode with its precious burden into the Sound ; and just as it came into full view of the eager thousands crowding the beach , the pier-heads , the walls of the citadel , or darting in countless boats over the smooth waters between St . Nicholas and the docks , ready to catch the first glimpse of the hero of Santa Cruz , and salute him with a tvue English welcome , —he , in Ms silent cabin , in the midst of his lion-hearted comrades , now sobbing like little children , yielded up his soul to God . "
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The History of the Restoration of Monarchy in France . By A . DE LAMAfiTINE . London : Vizetell y and Co . M . Lasiartine ' s new volume contains a complete history of the Hnndred" Days , and tells with [ full detail the Btory of the ultimate and finale fall of the Emperor . The difficulties which beset Napoleon during that last brief hold of power were never before so faithfully pourtrayed ; and by the light thrown on the subject , it is obvious , that even had the allies been disposed to tolerate the Empire , it could not have lasted much longer . The most attached friends of Mapoleon were dead , absent , or discontented . M Lamartine thus describes his court while the preparations for the decisive battle were going on : —
AH was isolation or distrust around Napoleon , both as regarded his staff and his councils . This year ' s absence had made sad havoc amongst his followers . His palace was m appearance no less a desert than his head-quarters . Ao more private intimacies , no more tried affections , no more hopes or fortunes to dispense , no more hearts ! That of Josephine , the repudiated , though still honoured wife , was broken by the blows of adversity in 1814—she died at Malmaison during the exile of Elba . Marie-Louise and her son were the prisoners of Europe at Sehcenbrunn ; while the Emperor ' s sistersfallen from the thrones to which he
, had raised them , were wanderers in foreign lands . Hortensia Beauharnais , the deposed queen of Holland , whom ho loved like a daughter , with all the tender recollections of his happiest days , had , it was said , powerfully assisted his return ; but she bad immediately after retired , lest the second fall of the Empire might overwhelm her whole house in Us ruins , nis ministers were some of them indifferent , and others his secret enemies . In short , this second throne isolated him from his court , from his army , and from France , as from the Empire . He was front to front with his destiny .
But besides this deprivation and desertion of his marshalls , and his domestic isolation , he was surrounded on all sides with active enemies . They abounded not only in the two chamhers , hut in the palace itself . His own minister Fouche was selling him to the allies ; the Emperor knew it ; and yet was so situated that he dared not strike . Had the issue of Waterloo been different , Fouche ' s fate was fixed . The announcement of victory would have been accompanied by the intelligence of the condemnation and execution of Pouche as a traitor . Before such a victory , the minister was stronger than the dictator , whose power he was seeking to overthrow .
M . Lamartine describes the terrible and crowning struggle of the great European war in the most graphic style , and , unlike most French writers , frankly give 3 "Wellington the military credit to which he is entitled , not only for the judgment shown hv his selection of the field of battle , hut for the dogged spirit with which he maintained the battle during the long protracted conflict . ' The glory of the day , ' ho says * 'belonged to Wellington—who had dared all—suatained all—accomplished all—in this terrible battle . ' He adds , ' Blucher had done nothing hut make his
appearance , and that late in the day . But his presence rendered all hope of retreat for Napoleon impossible . ^ Wellington had the -victory—Blucher the pursuit . ' M . de Lamartine writes with melanchol y enthusiasm of the courage—the devotion—shown b y the French soldiers sacrificed on the field of Waterloo to support the insane and devastating ambition of a single man . Of the 120 , 000 men who crossed the Samhre into Belgium four days before the battle , only 40 , 000 re-crossed it the day after . ' We weep while we descrihe such disasters ; hut history which lies only adds shame to misfortune . '
The Btate of affairs at Paris on the nocturnal arrival of the beaten emperor at Paris is admirably and forcibly described . The wrangling of the courtiers—the agitation of the chamhers , and the unsettled state of mind on the part of the man who had hazarded all and lost his stake , are contrasted with tho sympathy of the mnltitude for his fall . Before his first abdication at Fontainebleau , he had to struggle with his marshalls : this time it was with his Chambers , and every moment of hesitation and delay emboldened them to press for what Lafayette had demandedabdication . Here is a description of the Chambers and the people at that exciting time : _ The tribune remained empty , and the deputies , collected in groups , were conversing in an undertone , like men who
uuDEregare together on the approach of a tempest . Every noise at the doors , every rumour from the portico , every movement m the galleries , made them tremble . They were in momentary expectation of a tumultuous invasion of the federes , who had been shouting since daybreak under the garden walls of the Elysee , or an assault from the troops , whoi were beginning to return in irritated bands to Pans . Night was approaching . Neither Napoleon nor the Chamber dared to unravel the knot of destiny by one final resolve . rh » ™ ^ left to time ' and « me gave everything to * IT Z he &eople of the f ™ bonrgs , and the disarmed F&n ^/ ather , confu ^ dly together , around the E ysee , as if to provoke the Emoeror to a rliankv nf <»»»« hSa
wHnesShSSr ^ r Potion , " or else to oe r , rf S I ' -, That ? e ° V ]* uP ° n * n ° m bis tyranny Jf ZJ iif ° ? - VlIy « and wh 0 had so bitterlv execrated WhX"fhriSt " " "V 0 h 5 m their revolution , their liberty , their treasure , and their blood seemed at this cri-£ ^ ij ? 7 «^ C " s ^ mlr & « £ - rs 2 » . ^ T = SKft- « sa-& m "fife ! T ? bj CU 1 Osit * " ** ¦• the Fbn of Z ° I , ni , ftl w ' " h 0 ! l > « t » teoptaVy Ion to be spectators . We cannot otherwise icronnt fnr Hip assemblages of the people of the fauboulgs ~ l around theEIysee during these , dying throes of the nower the oi
soui , ana me genius ttieir Emperor Thev seemed to ^ rflfS t " , ? thei ' ° - The trees of the Champs-Elysees the walls and roofs of the surrounding houses and even the outer railings of the palace were covered with an attentive , sorrowful , and Bjient crowd i seeking to catch a distant glimpse of the movements in the interior through the open windows , and utttering shouts of « yiveVEmpcreur ! every time that Napoleon showed himself on tbe threshold of his saloons , or was seen walking , in conversation or in profound reflection , in the Ion" alleys of his garden . A sad and magnanimous a < Jie \ i of a people who forgot their own punishment in the contemplation of his glory , and who pardoned their hero for having been their oppressor .
Nothing , however , could avert his fall , and the despot himself felt that his time was come . M . Lamartine in the following sentence s ably sums up the actual position : — A million of men emboldened by three yenrs of victorious retaliation , at this moment crossing the fionriers , a country exhausted with efforts , an army in a state of dissolution , a murmuring capital , a national representation in revolt , a
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competitor for the throneproftrse in promises of liberty and peace , tbe northern and eastern provinces conquered those of the west and south ready to rise for the King's cause what could Napoleon do with a few hours of empire ? A second capitulation for his family and himself ! Was this worth the trouble of making an 18 th Brumaire of the faubourgs against the capital , and of some disbanded soldiers against the nation ? H did not say this to Lucien hut he felt it . All that he wished for was the ri ght of complaining He commenced at the Elyeee that long conversation and that eternal recrimination against the men of the 20 th of March , and against Franco , which he continued at St Helena .
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The Night Side of Nature . By C . Cuowe . 2 vols . Eailway Library . London : G- . Routled ge , We noticed favourably this work in its first appearance . In its new and cheap shape it cannot fail to command a wide circulation , as b y far the best repository of the ' supernatural' ever offered to the mi lvlism
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BOARDS OF ARBITRATION . ( From Mr . Ludlow ' s Third Lecture of the « Relations of Capital and Labour , ' ) When we noticed Mr . Ludlow ' s able and interesting lectures lately , we promised to give the full and excellent account of the manner in which Trades ' disputes are settled in France , at least in some districts . We now redeem that promise . The French " Conseila de Prudhommes" offer the example of a process actually at work for this purpose , in individual cases at least , at our very doors . These industrial tribunals , said to be of ancient date in the French manufacturing towns , were organised in modern times by the Emperor Napoleon , for the following purposesnamely : — r 1 st . The conciliation of all minor differences between manufacturers , foremen ( chefad ' atelier ) , workmen , journay men , and apprentices ;
2 nd . The judioial decision , final as to all values up to £ 4 and with appeal for any higher sums , of all differences which cannot be put an end to by conciliation ; r& ^ sssssi ££ r hpiagt the laws and 4 * th * The , P' ; e 8 ei : vation ( by deposit and registration , for instance ) ofthenohtofpropertyin designs ! 5 th . The settlement of accounts between traders and foremen ; 6 tb . The preservation of order in workshops , with power to imprison for three days at most ; 7 th . Lastly , the collection of certain statistical details with respect to mdutrv . of
« Sfn 2 ^? H i ? 0 Mtltaent Assei « bly 1848 , they were further developed , so as to consist of an equal number of masters and workmen . -the masters chosen by the workmen , and the workmen by the mnsters . Tho right of voting belongs to all masters , managers , foremen , workmen , and journeymen , aged twenty-one , after four months' residence within the jurisdiction of the tribunal . The Prudhommea must he twenty . fi ve years of age , able to read and write , and must have been domiciled for at least a year within the ] umchction . Foreigners , bankrupts , or insolvents who have not paid up in full , and persons convicted of dishonesty , are disqualified from voting and being elected . Managers are included with masters . One-third of th «
members ot every tribunal go out every year , subject to reelection . The chair is taken from three months to three months , by a master and a workman alternately , the masters choosing tho workman ns before , and the workmen the master . The tribunal is to sit once a- « eek at least for the purpose of effecting amicable arrangements , one master and one workman forming a quorum . Where amicable arrangements fail , the tribunal sits as a Court of Justice composed of an e qual number of masters and workmen , the chairman having a casting vote . So much for the composition of these tribunals . And now as to the working of them . From Wspeeeh of the Prefect of the Seine on tho inauguration of the Council of . miscellaneous trados ( Constildes tndtutnes diverses ) , on the 18 th October , 1847 , from which I have already quoted the attributions of these bodies , I ex-^ S ^ vSlS ^^*" y ™**™^
dumber of matters brought in 135 , 496 1 ~ terminated by conci-Hation 129 , 219 ""~~~ " " ' - sent before the bureau
general ( or referred _ . ., .. for } udgment ) 7 , 411 jSow for the disposal of this latter class , on which the strictly judicial functions of the Council have to be exercised : — Matters withdrawn by the parties before J ud 20 } ent 3 ^ 3 ——— decided on judiciall y in final reaort 2 , 350 ^ " ; ¦ w ith appeal 1 , 488 & umber of appeals 155 One hundred and twenty-nine " thousand " , ' two hundred ana nineteen differences amicably settled by a tribunal out of one hundred and thirty-five thousand , four hundred and ninety-six ! Three thousand , five hundred and seventythree of the remainder withdrawn before judgment , or in other words , settled out of court ! And only one hundred and fifty-five appeals , for all France , mind you , upon one thousand four hundred and eiehtv-eteht iudomflntR liahln in
be appealed from ! Surely , those are results perfectly astounding m themselves . Let u » test them more in detail , tnrouffh somo particular instances . At Paris , tho Council of Metals is the most important one . From its formation on the 25 th of March , 1845 , to the 1 st December of the same year , it had 1 , 097 matters brought before it ; in the course of 1846 , it had 2 034 From ninety-six to ninety-seven per cent , of these were terminated by conciliation . The greater number of Bentences given passed by default or were pronounced against obstinate or insolvent debtors . In the course of twentyni Sfv . mon ' were scarcely four or five appeals . The above details are furnished to me through a French friend Of high character , formerly a Consul in his country's service
, irom a gentleman employed in the French Ministry of Commerce . The next I shall refer to relate to Lyons , and were supplied to our friend Lord Goderich by a gentloman of well-known benevolence in that city , M . Aries Dufour . The documents themselves came from the President of the Lyons Council . Mr . Ludlow here gives A table of the operations of the Counoil of Pruiihommes for Lyons , from 1845 to 1851 , year by year . Although apparently defeotive in the classification of matters by their results , it shows us still tho extraordinary proportion of 24923 matters out of 26 , 036 terminated amicably , and only 436 by judicial sentence ; the remainder being either matters not of difference at all , as the deposit of patterns for registration , or bein put an end to b y other meana than nOHtile ones . I have before me other papers , showing in detail the mechanism of these admirable tribunals . One is an indenture of apprenticeship , as we should call it , entered into before the Council . r « . foi . rincr nil
differences to its decision , and which costs a little more than < S 3 . lhe costs I may mention at once , of all proceedings before tho Proudhommes are incredibly trifling . The whole amount paid for costs on the 5 , 007 distinct ; matters brought before the Lyons Councils in 1846 was only £ 20 . ( Lawyers , 1 am bound to say , are mercilessly excluded . Another document is a letter to the medical man attached to the tribunal , and who exercises his functions gratuitously 10 my opinion an unwise arrangement ) , requesting him to visit an apprentice who has stated himself to be
too ill to work . Others are letters of supervision ( lettres da surveillance ) addressed to persons , whether members of the Council or not , who are deputed by it to look after apprentices or even masters , wlioae conduct is complained of , Another is a letter addressed to the mayor of a distant commune , of which the workshops are beyond the reach of the immediate supervision of the Council , requesting him to interpose his good offices in some difference which the Council has been unable at once to terminate by conciliation . I quote these as samples of the essentially paternal character of this institution .
I find that at Lyons , notwithstanding the new law of 184 S , the President of the Council is always an employer ; but this rule or custom is considered to render him more favourable th ' an otherwise to tbe working men , in order to avoid the suspicion of class partiality . There are four sections , t'lOse of silks , guilding , haberdashery and net making [ bonnetcrie et tulles ) , and hats . The workmen Prudhommes receive from the commune £ 40 a-year as respects the section of silks , which is the busiest , and £ 20 a year as respects the others . I must remind you that the jurisdiction of these tribunals is wholly confined to individual differences , and would not therefore , if simply translated bodily to this country , apply to cases of co lective action on the part of employers and employed , like the one which occupies us . Even in their
present shape , however , I believe they would be of vast service amongst us . For after all , if there are few general contests between class and class which cannot bo resolved into some typical individual difference , there are still fewer which cannot be traced buck to such individual cases , and which consequently could not be avoided , if the individual difference were at once dealt with and adjusted . Take the case of piece-work for instance . The Amalgamated Society seek to abolish it , because they object to the system as it i s ; and they speak of arbitrary reductions , and masters refusing to pay men more than a certain sum , however hard they may work . These are complaints which , by their very nature , olearly resolve themselves into individual cases wouia do
wmen adjusted at once or adjudicated upon by the Council of Prudhommes . The mere weeding of details from all questions of general contest , like the present one , by the patient everyday action of such a tribunal , would he a priceless boon ; and I cannot but believe that although it may now have outgrown the grasp of a Council of Prudhommes , yet even this very contest might easily if taken in hand in time , have been disposgd of in its infancy , in its hud . But beyond this , I should look forward to the best effects from the spirit of practical cooperation likely to be brought out between masters and men , by their sitting on the bench of the same tribunal , hearing in common tho same questions
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meeting as equals not only before the law , bnt as it wo * , in its bosom , that is to say , in such circumstances as milt tend moststvongly to repress any pwtizan feelings of eaoh And I can hardly speak too highly of tho provisions bv whioh the workmen-voters have to select the master-artit ters , and the workmen arbiters the master-chairman and " the master-voters , on ; the other hand , the workmen-arhi ters , and the master-arbiters tho workman-chairman N mere machinery could certainly be better designed ' forte curing tho election of really honcstand , above all moderate men ; and tho results of the labours of these trilmn-xls ¦« before quoted , show that even before the late chaniro ' ^
spirit of the French people had tully appreciated the value of the bodies themselves . And what is most to be remarked is , that the statistics themselves , however favourable show only a small portion of the good effected For ' as M An 6 s Dufour writw , the mere fact of the existence of a Council of Prudhommes in a town makes masters workmen foremen , the parentB of apprentices , more wathohful over themselves , more disposed So show regard to one another to make mutual concessions . It i 3 a point of honour'for maBtors not to be called before the tribunal ; a bad mirk for a workman as fora maBtei to appear before it often '
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LOSS OF THE "BIRKENHEAD" TROOP SHIP . Another terrible disaster has happened at sea . At two o ' clock , a . m ., on the 26 th of February , her Majesty ' s steamer tho " Birkenhead" was wrecked on Point Danger —a reef of sunken rooks—two or three miles from the shore of Southern Africa . The ship was steaming eight and a half knots at the time . The water whs smooth , and the sky screno , but the speed at which the vessel was passing through the water proved her destruction . The rock penetrated through her bottom just aft the foremast , and in twenty minutes' time a few floating spars and a few miserable creatures clinging to them , wa 3 all that remained of the «| Birkenhead . " Of 038 persons who had left Simon ' s Bay in the gallant ship but a few hours before , only 184
remain to tell tho tab . SO loss than 454 Englishmen have come to so lamentable an end . The cause of the disaster appears to have been the temerity of the Captain in " hugging the shore . " He expiated his error by admirable conduct as soon as tho shock had been felt , and by the loss of his own life . The calamity was augmented , as usual , by avoidable causes . The boats could not be got down with promptitude . The men behaved with heroic coolness . Those who were not drowned in their berths mustered and moved as if they were embarking instead of going to the hot . torn , Tho women and children were all providentially saved . One officer , sixty-two soldiers , seven women , and thirteen children , escaped by the threo boats—the remainder , by swimming .
_ Cornet Bond , of tho 12 th Lancerp , one of the survivor ? , gives the following particulars : — " We left Simon ' s Bay at seven o ' clock on the evening of the 24 th . At two o ' clock tho next morning I was awoke by the vessel striking upon a rock . I immediately dressed myself » nd went on deck , and found iill in contusion . I heard the captain give orders to back her , which I hardly think was carried into effect , as the fires were almost immediately extinguished , lie then gave orders to Major Seaton to get the horses up and throw them overboard , and I , with a sergeant and some men belonging to the 12 th Lancers , succeeded in doing so . I then went on the poop , where the captain was standing . IIo told me to go and get tho women and children up ; which I did by carrying up two of the latter . The others followed , and were
immediatoly lowered into the boats . At this time { . he neatest order and regularity prevailed . All the officers were then employed with gangs of men at the pumps , and ii number of soldiers under the command of Mr . Brodie , tho master , were endeavouring to haul out the paddlobox boat on the port side , which was nearly hoisted out when tho tacldo broke , and it remained fixed in the air . The fore part of the ship now broke off at the fore mast , and soon after Bhe cracked in the middle and filled with water . A great many of tho men on the troop deck were drowned in their hammocks , not being able to effect an escape . All those who could succeed in reaching tho poop now crowded there , and the captain sung out to those that could swim ' to make for the boats , ' of which there were three at a distance of 150 yards . They did not come nearer
for fear of being swamped . A gig on the starboard side was then ordered to bo lowered , in which Mr . Rolfc , of the 12 th Lancers , who was unable to swim , and several seamen , were seen to enter ; but in lowering it one of the ropes broke , and she waa swamped . Poor Rolt rose , but was unable to reach the shore , and was drowned . The poop immediately afterwards , owing to tho forco of the water rushing up , wont down , drawing all those who were on it , as well as myself , under water . I rose to the surface almost immediately . I had one of Mackintosh ' s life preservers on , which may bo filled in tho water , which I did . The sea at this time was covered with struggling forms , while the cries , piercing shrieks , and shoutings for the boats were awful . I swam astern in hopes of bem ? picked up by one of them . I hailed oneaixtv
yardB oft , but could not reach it , as they pulled away , I suppose , for fear of too many attempting to get in . I then turned round and made for the shove , about two miles distant , which I finally succeeded in reaching , at a little after nvea . m ., by swimming only . Two men , who were swimming close to me , I saw disappear with a shriek , most probably bitten by sharks . I fortunately hit on the landing place , but owing to the great quantity of seaweed I had to struggle through , and being quite exhausted , I almost failed in reaching it . I then walked up a sort of beaten track from the beach , in hopes of finding some habitation , la dqmgso I perceived my horse , at a short distance , standing in tho water on tho beach . I got him out and then
returned to the place at which I landed , when I saw a raft , with about nine men on it , endeavouring to land , but they did not succeed in doing so until they saw me on tbe rockB standing opposite to the proper spot ; they then steered straight for mo and finally landed at seven a . m . Lieut . Girardot , of the 43 rd Light Infancy was one of them . At the same time two or three other men were thrown on the rocks off a spar , and landed very much cut and bruised and entirely naked . Wo all then proceeded up this track , and , after two hours' march we saw a waggon along tho shore , to which we went and obtained some ^ bread and water . Tho driver directed us to proceed further up the beach , and at live miles distance we should find some fishing cottages belonging to Captain Smales , where we arrived very much fatigued at noon : hove wo obtained some more bread , and then marched on to Captain Smale's residence , about twelve miles off , over the sands . On our way thither wo met a bullock -waggon , which took some of our men , who were too much knocked up to proceed , back to the cottages we had just loft . At seven o ' clock p . m . our party .
consisting ot two officers and four men , arrived at Captain Smales , where we weve most kindly received , the men being provided with clothesand victuals . Captain Smales immediately despatched a messenger for the field cornet and magistrate of tho district , who on their arrival proceeded with « 8 the next morning to the scene of the wreck . On our way thither we met numbers of men who had landed . Some came ashore in the paddlebox-boat , which had floated up ; the one was full of water , and the other keel uppermost . One of tho ship ' s quavtermasters told me that ' there were seven others in the boat with him , which was full of water , They , however , all died from cold , having been many hours in the boat and quite naked . He had his clothes on . We also met Captain Wright , 91 st , who had landed on the sponsoon ; he had been along the shore and bad picked up several men . Some rafca reached th « shorn
with bodies lashed on them quite dead ; other bodies washed up , some of them dreadfully mangled by sharks . Her Majesty's steamer Iihadamanthus hovo in sight on Sunday , took us off , and brought us into Simon ' s Bay the next morning . ' Tho following narrative is by a non-commissioned officer one of the survivors : — ' " The Birkenhead left Simon ' s Bay at about six o'clock in tbe evening , and everything went on comfortably until about a quarter before two in the morning , at which time the vessel struck upon a rock , which made a hole in tho port side under water , just before the paddle-wheel . Sbo began to fill immediately ; hands were turned up to get the boats out ; lowered two cutters down and one gig ; then turned to get the paddlebox boats out , but the pin of the davits was rusted in , and would not come out . At this time the vessel was swinging and grinding and grating against W 8 rooks vory much . Some set to work at the chain pumps in the after cockpit . The next thine was to throw the
norses overboard , and get all the women and children in tue second cutter , which Mr . Richards took charge of . with orders to land them at the nearest place . They could not land on account of the breakers , so her head was put out to sea . Just at this time , the Birkenhead parting in two just before the engine , tho fove part of the deck sunk with several people on it . Captain Salmond then gave orders to do the best they could to save their lives . The other cutter and the gig were then lying off , i > aimed . Several men then jumped overboard and swam to the boats-tho captain standing tie
on . poop , giving orders . Up to this time perfeet ontev and discipline was observed-all tho men quiet w " ,, 2 S' ° Jf edlent t 0 ovdm - M IN" timo the captain nf rtl m fu n f ° P °° P fith several others ; the after part of the Bhip then lurched forward , and all were thrown into Sf [ : . 0 swai . » to the boats , and somo to the wreck . « nt M ti w i U ° mr , Opmasfc ™* maintopwil-yard were Ha p , Wtrt M 1 wh , o c ° « l < lniado for the topsailyard . Part of the forecastle deck was flipn floating at the wreck that was floating . and as he wasswimmin ? some .
X * ¦ the ? °° P 8 truck h ™ o « th 0 head > ^ TJJ ^ . ^^ tV ^^ sss ! K :: rfi 3 S &m"sKX ^ s ^ Vtt ^ which was about two o ' clock " onX m ^ we r ^ T ) until the vessel was all Z Xl . ° ° [™ g ° Thursday , n . _ ....: _ 0 .. 1 1 . . . . P'tces , was abonh half an bmir
vapiiuu ouunoriQ mignt havp siirod l , i i * m iTl ssw& ^ aH ^^ T ^ vehim " hR , li 5 ! dtie . Sei ' geantof Marines to try and ISSed awiwlt ' i got bim on the raffc . » t a 9 ib 117 men wnmo ° T \ . ' , i 4 Parted , and ho sunk . About hi T ^' k ^ ' chil ( lren came into Simon ' s 13 ay on S th VCh ° 2 ner and about thirty or forty landed on another raft . That number could be counted on the beach , it is supposed when we left Simon ' s Bay that there were aoout 48 b officers and men of different regiments , besides
women and children , and ship ' s company of the Birkenhead , amounting to about 115 . It is feared that , on tho whole , not less than 600 Jives navo been lost . "
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Cons . —Why is a blush like a little girl ?—Because it becomes a woman . Why is Earl Derby like a " man of straw , " alias a scare-Cr w ^ --Because he is set up to protect the com . >» iut ia the feminine of Hero ? " asked a pedagogue of a young hopeful . « Shero ! " was tho prompt answer , wniou . took the dOminie all aback . modesty is 10 tbe female character wliat saltpetre is to A A lt Pres""'es its purity it imparts a blush . » J ; M - - caMAx . —A Frenchman got exceedingly an ry with a waiter at an hotel . " You rascal , " exclaimed he , l mil Uowyow noufor yon !" «« Si ., ?' ~ Al 1 of us whb ai ' ««* anything , spend ? Jp ? £ « m u"lcarnit > K t « e follies , or expiating the mistato . of our youth .-SHKLLBY .
w « u i i LASG y * GG 3 .-A person beitig asked what a •^ KTJSidi u wbich h , pre , ten { ied t 0 lmve ™» answered ' tteZit ^ i ^ ^ said ? Itmnot . kai . dlB ToCuREDrspEPsiA . -C ! osealI the outer doors of a fourstorey house , open the inner doors , then take a long switch and chaso a cat up and down stairs till you s > eam LAws . -Laws are not generally understood by three perfho J ' " 4 I 'h 086 wl i ° ma £ e tbem ' >' lhose "hose execute them , and by those who suffer from them if thev break them . —Halifax . R eputation . — "I have always preserved wyreputation , " said Mrs .- tho other evening in the green-room , addressing herself rather pointedly to Mrs . . " You b ltedV * ridiculous value ° " > fle s . " rejoined the inin «; , ! lGER' ^ Ang . et ia lhe most indent passion that flnTkT j [ mmd ofm ! ln ' > k effects notll '" g it undertakes ; nhLr 5 manwha is possessed by it , more than the object gainst which 1 t it directedCwuBSnoH
.- . nnmn NSTAN - mopLE --No street 5 n Constantinople has a Wt » n ; o n i rr . there a Iam' ) »> [ t > V ^ there are 500 , 000 inha-T irk ' e 1 S I 10 t a P - ° ffice nor a mail route in all tn IZh "" u acIlul ' " ell j but there are , at least , two dogs io e \ ery inhabitant . m £ ? r W EiscouNT .-JIMei \ "Now , George , you ™ f tL w . ho cake Iwuourablv with brother Charlio . " - m . «?! i What w ' honourably , ' motherV' -Mothcr : "It " Thin . ? ou must g ^ e him the largest piece . " - George : v ™» £ ' cl mUw Chav ! ilJ shoultl c « t it" Mnrnn ^ Pi SA " , ? r foreig » correspondent of the who K S thro ? Icle says that some of the Finnish fanatics , JxorSed ft" 1 ? 1 ' !^ ? utra 6 <* in Norwegian Lapland , lately iSy animS S . ^ * ° P > 1 = ' and tbeU b ° tll < J Ua " in rt ^ irW ? VGSSBI ,.-An experiment Ius been made Brif ™« i ( blate . S NnTy X - with a submarine vessel , ia J 7 e of * "umber of scientific persons and officers . Tho If lifi ? 8 u * mwBed for a quarter of an hour , with a party of three , 12 twenty-five feet of water . Mi » in ™ ln / M
,, batnbwt Alexandre , having complete control over it . ? At 5 AmY > "The reigning Shah of Pe ^ ia ia iweiuy-two yrars of ag 6 ) and is one of , him ( isomest men in 1 his empire . His great grandfather , who had 300 wives , liau a mass ol children , who , in their turn , have left a numerous progeny , bo that it is now calculated that tbe imperial tamily coasts of at . least 10 , 000 individuals . utt o 1 «• Improvi «' ent in PoACHiNO .-Diuiiig the l ., ™ IJi- ' ^ P 11 " Partridge season , several shooters succeeded in making partrideos lie , by the ingenious uluu . »! ih i " l ' 1 M Overthe Geldhl whieh they were ranging , With a stuffed h :, wk attached to it by a string . The result was that the birds were afraid to ri «« till the dogs were close \ ipon them . Two Irishmen in crossing a field came in contact with a donkey who was ranking "day hideous" wilhhis unearthly Tvn - ' ^' f v 7 , Stocd a , moment »» astonishment , but turning to I at , who seemed as much enraptured with the song as himself , remarked , "It ' s a fine lanse ear that bird has lor music , Pat , but sure he ' s got an awful cowld "
. Riches , without mcakness and thankfulness , do not make any man happy . But let me tell you that riches with them remove many fears and cares . And therefore my advice is , that you endeavour to be honestly rich or contentedly poor ; but be sure that ? our riches bo justly got , or you spoil all . For it is well said , "He that loses his conscience has nothing left that is worth keepinc " -IzAAK Walton . Law and Physic—Lord Eldon asked a medical friend of mine how many sons he had . The reply was , two — one very sharp and quick , the other slow but sure . " What do you mean to make of them ?" - " I purpose making a lawyer of the sharp one , and a doctor of the other . "— " Da no such thins ; , rejoined his lordship , " make the clever one the doctor , the other the lawyer—J « ' «« never anything lut a plodder . " -Sin . James Eyre . ¦
i in ?! o ; " ~ Tllc wh " lc area of India is estimated at i , dub , 4 dS square miles , and its population at 155 , 804 , lf 9 souls , of which Britain has 67 G . 117 miles , with 102 . 8 C 2 . 91 G inhabitants ; so that our Indian province has about six times the extent , and near four times the population , of tho country of the conquerors . The Roman empire , in its largest extent , certainly never contained so numerous a population of subjects and dependents as Britain now possesses in Indisi , A countryman having purchased a gallon of genuine mountaiu dew , for want of a more business-like label , wrote his name upon a common playing card , which happened to be the seven of clubs , and tied it to the handle of the bottle . A wag coming along and observing the manoeuvre , remarked , That ' s an awful careless way to have that liquor . — " Why so ? " said Tom . — " Why ? Because somebody might come with the eight of clubs and take it I" Tom seized tbe handle and bolted .
_ A Healthy Climate . —A Yankee speculator , who had immense tracts of land for sale in the far west , used frequently to say , that a gentleman who was travelling there saw a very old man sitting at the door of a log cabin , weeping bitterly . " My friend , " inquired the gentleman , " what is the matter with you ?"— " Why , " replied the old man , " daddy jist gave me a awful licking , cos I wouldn't rock grandaddy to sleep . " Tbe gentleman rode off , fully satisfied with the salubrity and healthiness of the district , to produce such unparalleled instances of longevity . A SMILE . A srailo , —who will refuse a smile , The sorrowing heart to cheer , And turn to love the heart of guile , And check the fulling tear ? A pleasant smile for every face , Oh , ' tis a blessed thing ; It will the lines of care erase , And spots of beauty bring .
A Valuable Thing without causing } you to opes your Purse !—Which will you do—smile , and make your hf'tiseho'd happy ; or be crabbed , and make all those young ones doomy , and the elder ones miserable ? The amount of happiness you can produce is incalculable , if you show a smilins ; face , a kind heart , and speak pleasant words . Wear a pleasant countenance ; let joy beam in your eyes , and love glow on your forehead . There is no joy like that which springs from a kind act ov a pleasant deed ; and you will feel it at night when you rest , at movning when you . vise , and through the day when about your business . Derby " Spar . "—The fight for Protection . Derby " Peak . " —The Premier ' s pioue at the Peelites .
A Protective Duty . —That "duty" which "England expects from every man , " and to which all such foreign imports as Trench invaders should be rendered subject . Shuttlecock and Battlkdore . —While Parliamentary Party is playing at the game of Shuttlecock , it is io be hoped that it will not forget the Battle . door , and leave it open to the invader . —Glasgow Cithen , More Definitions . —2 Vcc—One of Nature ' s customers , who has a new suit of clothes every year , and frcturns tho old ones . Gun . —A bravo who murders to order for a handful of food . Coat . —A letter of credit , written Avith a needle upon broadcloth . Commerce . — -An old world Colossus , not yet overthrown , which stands with one foot upon production and the other upon consumption , and gives an uncertain light to pilots . Shelley . —X cloud of fragrant incense from the altar of truth .
Poverty . —The unpruned growth of leaves which hides so much fruit from the sunshine , and keeps it undeveloped and sour . —From Wallbridge Lmm ' s Council of Four , New Edition .
EXTRACTS TROM " PUSCTI . " Inscription fou the French Sexatb House , — " Keep it dark . " l Vain Advertisement . —Youth Wanted . —By a Middle-Aped Person . Court and Fashion . —Why is the "Windsor TJniform " like a pre-paid letter ? Because it has a Post Office Stamp . Will Shortly CtosE .-The St . Stephen ' s Exhibition of Unprofitable Discussion and Empty Debate . The New ToRiES .-The Tories of the present day , inasmuch as they vepvesent tho territorial interest , may be called the Terri-tories . "Territorial" Titles . —The Landlords may be called the Geocracy : and it is also proposed to style tbe simple Agriculturists the Gee / io-cracy .
A Fair Trial for the Premier , —Lord Derby has protested that he " will be tried by God and his country . " No , no . Not yet , at least . Not unloss ho actually robs the people of their bread . . The Ministerial Bench . —It 5 s expected that Ministers will dissolve parliament as soon as possible , to shorten the Session , because , as there are so many County Magistrates among them , they must naturally wish to bring it as near as possible to a Quarter Session . # A Wind that Blows Nobody Good . —How strange it is that the breeze existing between the Architect and the Ventilator of tbe Houses of Parliament , should be precisely that which prevents those edifices from being properly supplied with air ! Electioneering Prospects . —The Free Traders look forward with confidence to the results of the next election , and yet , most probably , the landlords will be the chief gainers by it—unless it is attended by much less than the usual amount of drunkenness .
« What CnBBK !" -Tbe King of the Amazons , we read , replies to Lord Palmerston , that the presents sent to his Majesty by Queen Victoria , " are very acceptable , and are good for his face . If Messrs . Rowland do not instantly announce that the presents in question were bottles of " Kalydor , they will throw away an excellent chance . Parliamentary PRiYACY .-If Louis Napoleon wishes thoroughly to stifle the discussion , and to prevent the publication ot the debates that occur in his Senate and Legislative corps , he should cause the Chambers in which those bodies meet to be constructed and ventilated after the fashion of the British Houses of Parliament ; so that the assembly ^ might be close , and the spenkeis inaudible in tho gallery , ^ gj
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j Robert Owen ' s Journal . Part XIX . London : Watson . This part coutains many valuable and interesting papers , among which we especiall y recommend for careful perusal ; the two headed « Errors of Reformers . '
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Jj ^ * 852- THE STAR , 3
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 10, 1852, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1673/page/3/
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