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eesojjerattoe e^rouiclc. eesOjJCratfoe C^VOlttClC.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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^ 3 " We stall be glad to receive Reports of Progress from Managers cr Secretaries of Co-operative . Associations and Stjres , in England , Ireland , Scotland and Wales .
THE SOCIALIST £ KIOS . ARIICIE 5 OF AGREEMENT ( iCIE DE SOCIETE ) . The undersisned , Lonis Bl&ne , Etienne Cabet . Pierte Leroux , yielding to the desire of many of their brethren in proscription , actuated by tfce hape of being useful , and thinking to accomplish a duty , have ajreed to the following : — Am . 1 . They wish to form a society for the publication of a weekly journal , under the title of " Free Europe " a quarterly review , under the sane of the" Socialist Union " anil o » : c is-i-nal pamphlets .
Aar i ' . T . j c purpose of the iournal , the review , and the p-mr .. ! , K « in question wfflbe—1 . To encourage the peoples to brotherhood , anil to record the social progress in luror-c . ' 2 . To defend France , asd to publish interesting fwU respecting her state . 3 . To expound French Socialism . 4 . To make Socialism known among the different peoples , and more particularl y in England . 5 . To assist the proscribed in finding woik . * The society will publish a Socialist programme in concert v . ith a council ofco-edisors . Am . 3 . Every article of the journal and of the review , will 1 e publ shod simultaneously in French , English , and German If , howerer , at first the publication in German should entail too many difficulties and too great an expense , the journal and the rev ' ew would appsar in French and in English ; but the German review would be added aa soon as feasible . Art -L The three associates will manage and direct in comn : on .
The Firm will be Louis Blanc , Etienne Cabet , and Pierre Leroux . The signatwe of the firm will belong to the three partners conjointly . In case of the absence of one or two of the three partners , the signature of the two partners present , or of ihe one present , nil ! suffice . Art . 5 . The partners will engage regular co-editors for the editorship . They will accept articles that may be re . netted to them by any person giving his name . Jet . 6 . Toe place bf meeting for the society is the office of the journal . Art . 7 . The capital of the Firm is fixed at lOO . OOOf .. or £ 4 , 000 sterling . ' It is formed by all persons willing to facilitate the enterprise . For that purpose , 2 , 000 subscribers' warrants ( bulletins di sowcriplion ) are created , of 50 f ., or £ 2 each .. These tickets will be extracted from a stock-book , and will each bear the number of the order . They will fce signed by the Firm , and attested by one of the trustees hereinafter mentioned .
Art . s . Tha undertaking is for none concerned a speculation of self-interest , but a work of sympathy , of generosity , of devotedness , in behalf of which the associates invite the concurrence of all friends of progress . The subscriptions , although they give a claim to the premium indicated in Article 13 , below-mentioned , are considered as donation ^ and are , consequently not reimbursable except in the case provided by Article 10 . Art . 9 . The list of subscribers will be published , omitting the names of such persons as may desire to remain anonymons . Akt . 10 . The journal will not commence publication until subscriptions to the amount of £ 1 , 000 ( 2-5 , 000 f . ) shall have been paid up . Kthe iournal shonld not appear before tJ > s 1 st of August of tfce present year , the subscrb 1 * " *" would be returned to the subscribers .
Totbat efijjct « - total amount of subscriptions will be deposit" -- with a banker , in the name of the trustees , and -will . emain inactive till tho publication of the journal , vsVch will consequently taka places before the 1 st of August . Akt . 11 . Independently of the capital of 4 , 000 ( lO 0 , OOOf . ) 560 foundation warrants { bulkthis defondation ) . of £ 1 sterling each , are created , constituting a sum of £ 500 sterling , to provide for advertisements , prospectuses , and all other preliminary expenses relating to the undertaking , which forms the object of the present association . The subscribers of this class will bear the title of Founders ; the bulletins which wiU be delivered to them will bear the name of Foanders' Warrants ( lallclins defondation . ) These bulletins de fondation will be , like the fadktins dt smtscription , drawn from a stock-hook , registre a souche . and stamped with the signature of the Firm , and the visa of the trustees .
A correct statement will be published of the disposal of the last-named fuDd , which can in no case be reimbursable . Abi . 12 . Every subscriber of either class will receive the journal gtatU for one year . Abt . Vi , AH the operations of the society will be for cash . Abi . 14 . All operators of the society will be entered re * gularly into a register , or registers , daily . Abt . Id . Statements of receipts and expenditure will be published in the journal every three months . Aet . 16 . The association will exist till the 1 st of . May , lS 5 i . lc may be prolonged by tbe consent of three asso * elates . Abt . 1 " . In case of the decease or retirement of one of the three partner ? , the society may be continued b y the two others , who wiil have power to take a third .
Abt . lb . In case of the decease of two of the partners , the undertaking may bo cor . itaued by the survivor , who may take to their number two new associates . Abt . 19 . At the expiration of the society , such sum as , afier payment of all debt 3 , may remain in hand , shall be devoted , under joint advice of the council of co-editors and the council of trustees , to an object of general charity or utility . The method of its disposal will be made public . Ai ? r . 2 O . A special regulation will determine all matters resp ; cting the journal , the review , and the council of coeditors .
Aht . 21 . The council of trustees is at present composed of Messrs . Edward Tanaittart Xeale and 'William Conyngham , who have accepted the office .
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Co-operative League . —We understand that the next meeting of this body will take place , on Tuesday , June 22 nd , when a paper will be read on Education , as the only- sure and safe means of introducing the new era , by J . E ; Smith , Esq . . ,.. - , v-
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23- The Secretaries of Trades' Unions and otitei bodies associated to protect and advance ibeirita- , rests of Labour , will oblige by forwardingl ^ Htii of Trades ^ Meetings , Strikes , and otherSiriferiSir ^ tion affecting the social position of the ^« rKng £ Classes . " - ' ^ rg ^ -r-:
Bradford Woolcombeu 9 . —At a preliminary meeting of Wookombers . held at the Old Honse at Home , Croft-street , Bradford , on Saturday last , —Mr . J . Jackson chairman ^—it wa 3 resolved , on the motion of Mr . J . Johnson , seoonded fcy Mr . John . Hill : — " That , in . order to remedy the unauppbrtable grievances now endured by the woolcombers of this town , we constitute a Society of Woolcombers ; and that five hundred cards of membership be printed and produced by Saturday evening nest , to which time this meeting stands adjourned . " UnamimouB . Moved by Mr . John Size , seconded by Mr . William Johnson : — " That Mr . George White be requested to act aa Secretary pro tern . " Carried unanimously . The meeting then adjourned to Saturday , June 19 th , at half-past six in the evening , when all wto feel interested are requested to attend . Jons Jackson , Chairman .
Bradford WkirER ? . —The Power-loom Weavers of thiB town and district have been in a continual state of ferment for several weeks . Scarcely a day passes without new placards , detailing the weavers' grievances , appearing on the walla . They are generally written in a clever and argumentative style , and contain lengthy comments on the cupidity and duplicity of the big " loafers . " The twoloom system seems to occupy the greatest amount of general attention , but there are daily strikes taking place against direct reductions .
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THE CATHOLIC DEFENCE AS 3 OCIATIOX . Being now on the eve of a general election , the " defenders are beginning to commence their labours in downright earnest . A second monster address " to the Catholic electors of Ireland" ha 3 been issued . It professes to ba an expose of the princi ples and practice which , should animate and guide Roman Catholic electors in the approacbing struggle . It points out the issue between them and their opponents , and shows how the victory may be won if the people ba only faitnful to themselves . It adopts no party , and set 8 the ban alike on Protectionists and Free traders , Tone * and Whigs ; on all , in fact , who will not insist oe tne fulfilment of the Emanci pation Act
TUE EXODUS . The " Carlow- Sentinel" thus speaks of the flight of the population from that distriot of the country . The main facts have been already mentioned in connexion with Bishop flaly ' s efforts to clieck the tide of emi gration : — While the lloman Cathalic energy are engjgtd in political agitation , pending the general election , ii many parishes in the neighbouring counties th-irllosfc ; are hurrying to the nearest seaporton their flight to America , t j the British settlements , or to Anstralia . The emigration at present U exclusively confined to the labouring cJasses . the artisans , and the humbler class of farmers ; but , never theless , a large amount of wealth is taken from the couniry .
DISIOBBK 3 CE 3 IS SEW BOSS . OnFriby , tbellth , a troop of the ord Dragoon Guards marched suddenly from Kilkenny to New Ross , and a conttaerablo bod y of the constabularly are under orders to proceed unmadiatel y to the same locality . These precautions , useema , have been found necessary in consequence of the eenou 3 riots directed against Sir Thomas Redington and tos mends , sir Thomas , as the unpopular candidate , had ThomL ? ? wn escorled by the P ° lice . On Saturday Sir neTwS at ^ mPted to canvass the town , when , so SSSr ^ M e n i tCment * thatthe tiotact 'as « ad , and «« 22 KSJ ^«« 2 »» if ao collision bet ween
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A Cheap Dtgxitv " ru - ¦ I tw-Uusuee-G ^ T ^ W hon . David Boyle , lately « on , to whom her M ^ wt ^ 3111 /^ the Coart ° i & * bos retiring from eST&SSlS , ^ a baro&et on decline the -V ^ fift ^ SSaiSP """* *
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IMPORTANT TO MINERS . PROPOSAL TO INSTITUTE A SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF LOSS OF LIFE BY EXPLOSIONS AND OTHER ACCIDENTS IN COAL MINES . Death with more than usual severity has lately been sweeping through the coalmines . Dreadful explosions have again burst upon the ear of society , mingled with the cries of despair and misery . It is impossible longer to resist tbo appeal for help . It is impossible to believe that science has no resource—knowledge no power—humanity no hope—to mitigate or prevent these evils ' . It cannot be that our humble , brave , and meritorious countrymen are to be left thus to perish 1 While noble institutions for every description of men exist in England , blessing the land and ministering to the physical evils of our race , the poor miner is IMPORTANT TO MINERS . __
left to bis hopeless fate . It is , however , believed that his condition , his dangers , his misfortunes , and his death , have only to be fairl y placed before the country , and its best sympathies and a helping band will be freely accorded to him . Practical and scientific men deem it poEsiWe sBCcessIully to deal with these scourges of our countrymen . In London there is a concentration of the science of Europe , with the power and influence of the K ngdom , which if brought fairly together may suggest the means and appliances fitted for their dangerous state ; while in the mine exists practical knowledge , that will offer to science the elements for experiments and calculation , and the applications of its principles . It is the combination of science and practical knowledge that is the hope for the future . To combine theBe more intimately , and concentrate their powers upon this great object of humanity , it is proposed to bring them together in a National Societv .
Science , thus guided by p ractical knowledge , e-iabled M . Jars , the French Academician , to discover and explain the anomalies of natural ventilation : that in winter and summer the air became reversed ; and in spring and summer , stagnant , producing explosive mixtures . Science , so guided , ledfirat Humboldt , then Clanny , to seek asafety-lamp for mines ; resulting intbe splendid discovery of the Mine Gauze Lamp , by Sir Humphrey Davy . It led Professor Bischoff of Bonn to the detection of bi-carburetted hydrogen in some of the continental mines , which renders the Safety- 'amp in them an instrument of danger . It led Gurney , Pereira , Hemming , Birkbeck , Turner , Murray , and others , to discover that in an explosive atmosphere , moving at five feet a second ( not four miles an hour ) , this lamp would bring on
an explosion in the mine . This quality of passing the flame , originally admitted by its scientific discoverer , has been since , aided by science , more fully developed , before a Committee of the Commons in 1835 ; by the Shields' CommiUee on Accidents in Mines ; and by the Government Commission of Belgium . It is the combination of science and practical knowledge tbat has g iven to the mines their various means of ventilation— " the centrifugal fan , the ventilating pump , the elevated chimney , propelling waterfall , and the steam jet . " It is this which has enabled miners to penetrate nearly 2 , 000 feet into the bowels of the earth , through quicksands and feeders of water , some of them nearly 6 , 0 ( 10 gallons per minute , and to extract thence the mineral so important to the individual man and to the country J * is
at . i ~* cc which has descended there ; off »« "js l <> practical operations the " more np . rf r * « u * tr"ment 8 of knowledge—to test the dangerous gases— -to anticipate supplies by barometric pressures—to measure the air currents—to calculate their proportionate required quantities for safety—to guide fresh life into their poisoned laboratories—to check their fatal tendencies—to control to a certain extent , these elements of subterranean thunder—and to keep in existence the mines . " It was "The Society of Sunderland" that brought down Sir Humphrey Davy to the mines , and developed the " Safety Lamp . " It was "The Society of South Shields" that brought to ligbt the . " Clanny Lamp , " and developed the
principles Of the " Gurney Steam Jet , " now considered so important for the ' ventilation ol mines . It was " The Belgic Commission" tbat gave to their mines the "Mueselir Lamp , " far safer than the " Pavy , " and applied to them " steam ventilation . " . Science , working through these societies though limited in their power and operations , having effected so much , it cannot but be anticipated , that a National Society sustained by the influence , the science , and practical knowledge of the country , will be productive of the most beneficial results , if it does not complete this work of humanity . To demonstrate its necessity and advantage , some account may be required of the condition of the coal mines , and the sources of their fatality .
The occupation o ! the coal miner , so advantageous to society , is pursued amidst dangers and difficulties to which no other employment is exposed . He descends into the mine through shafts generally from 800 to 1 , 200 feet deep , and sometimes 1 , 500 and , 1 , 800 as vat Monkwtarmouth , and traverses dark passages often two or three miles in extent to arrive at the scene of his labours . There generally in a space from five to six feet high , but not ( infrequently in one of three or four , often amidst damp and always in a foul and vitiated atmosphere , by the glimmer of a small candle or more imperfect lamp , and frequently lying on his side for ten or twelve hours together , he extracts the mineral that above ground is diffusing light , test , riches , and enjoyment ; so situated he is frf quently overtaken hy sudden death , the " mine-storm" suddenly breaks forth and at once destroys him—he is burnt to death and shrivelled into a blatkened
mass—or , if caught in the passages he is propelled against their rugged sides and shattered to pieces ; and sometimes his mangled body and limbs have been projected through the shaft liigb . iuio the air , from this terrible piece of ordnance , * should he lie out of its immediate range , in some otfeer working of the mine , in a few minutes " the alter damp" ( the carbonic acid and nitrogen gases , ) spreading in j ail directions , cuts off his retreat and immediately poisons ( him by a fen inspirations . . L _ Thefollowing account of the effects observed " within ' the mine" on one of these explosions was recorded at the ![ timacpf . its occurrence +:
—; , ' ^ The deadly gas , the resulting product , became stronger aWrtronger , as ire ' approached . ' * . We encountered in one pltca the bodies of five men , who bad died from the effects ottiie ' gki , and had apparently died placidly , without one mnjcfa of-the face distorted . Then there were three men that bid been destroyed by the explosion ; clothes burnt and tore , tttehtir ^ singed off , the skin and flesh torn away in JBveral places with an expression as if the spirit had pasted WWy In ^ ony .--Going with a single guide we encountered two men , bne with t'li ght , the other bearing something on jlSrBliioutu ^ r it . wai a blackened mas ? , a poor dead burnt : lH ) y , he was Ukiuj ; ont . A little further on we found wagigon ? that iaii , been loaded overturned bottom upwards , scati kr ^ in djnwent directions ; a horse lying dead directly in ' the passage , with his head turned over bis shoulder , as if in ' falling he bad made a last effort to escape ; he was swollen in an extraordinary manner .
"At one point in another passage , we suddenly came amongst twelve or fifteen men , who , striving to reach tbe place where bodies or survivors might be found , had been driven back by the surcharged atmosphere of this vast common grave ; their lamps were burning dim and sickly with a dying red light , glimmering as if through a fog . All were feeling the effects of the poison—one poor man especially was sick and ill , who had been brought out in a fain ing condition , and after having given him something to assist his recovery , he seemed still much affected , he was ag » ta asted where he felt most oppressed , he answered , in a broken voice of suppressed agony , ' I am not well , sir—7 have two sons in there . '"
And thus at that time perished fifty-two human beings ; and these are the common features of every explosion—some of them even more dreadful . Men have been so shattered that their fragments have been obliged to be collected together , sometimes only found upon different days , as at the last Jarrow explosion , and conveyed away in blankets ; and bodies have been so mangled that they have been taken to the wrong house and those that mourned over them and performed the funeral rites have been uncertain of their identity It is usual in such cases for fathers and children and brothers to be heaped ia one general carnage . Sometimes the males of an entire family are thus cut off . In the explosion it Aberdare , a father * and two sons whom be was trying to save , thus perished together . A miner at the last Uebburn explosion last month , went in to save his brother and died with him . Just now at Coppull , four brothers out of two families , and two fathers and two sons fell at a
blow . If the first stroke of the explosion does not kill , the second which rapidly succeeds , or the third which sometimes follows , as at Aberdare , effects the fatal result ; no life is left which it touches ; or still more fatal " the after damp , " rolling everywhere like a flood carries death to other parts of the workings . The light carburetted hydrogen , "the fire damp , " which produces these explosions , and its result , " the after damp , " abounds in . firey mines to an almost incalculable amount . It is heard hissing and bubbling from every pore in the coal . A hole bored in ' the face of the coal , " and a tube inserted , the discharge from it will burn
like a gas light . At Wallsend for many years from a goaf of five acres , upwards of fifty cubic feet of gasper minute has pouted forth day and night and is burnt at tbe surface , illuminating the country around . " A blower" of gas at Jarrow Pit , blew off , by its compressed force , six tons from the solid coal ; and seven millions cubic feet of the galleries and pas ages of the same mine , were filled with it to explosive point in three days . St . Hilda Pit , nearly seventy miles in gallery extent , was surcharg ed with it in a short time , and they were obliged to work with safety lamps at the pit meutb , to prevent setting in motion the dormant earthquake below . At one period more than twelve and a half millions
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-Mr . Buddie Mates the casa of au explosion in Harraton , in which a boy bating hold of his father ' s hand , who stood within a niche at tie bottom of tfce pit , was blown up the shaft ( 100 yards deep ) , tom and mangled , while his father escaped unhurt t By oae of the present Honorary Secretaries .
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cubic feet of this gas , in a " water blast , " burst in sixty , eight hours from the passages of a single Mine , Percy Main . Ventilation to the extent of 60 , 000 cubic of air per minute would be required a render such quantities of gas inexplosive . Some mines have upwards of 200 , 000 cubic feet per minute , though many most dargerous mines are almost without any . "This is the great enemy to be dealt with . " In addition however to this dread source of destruction , there are several others . cubic feet of this gas , in a " water blast , " burst in sixty . eight hours from the passazes of a singleMine , Percy Main .
Many miners have been drowned by the sudden bursting in of waters ; as at Llanelly the past week , where twentyseven lives were so sacrificed . While many more have been crushed under tons of fallen roof or masses of coal , and the very likeness of man been destroyed ; so fell upwards of 150 miners last year . Then agnin , some have been precipitated down the deep shafts , and have been dashed in pieces ;* so died 108 in 1851 . Between 600 and 700 miners every jear thus perish ; and during this year , for twenty-one weeks , the deaths have increased to the rate of upwards of 900 ( or the year . Within the last ten years not less than 6 , 000 British subjects have been thus destroyed ; while permanent in . juries , and lass of health from an atmosphere always surcharged with nosiouB gases , are common to the whole class . An old pitman is seldom to be found , he dies an early victim of sudden death , or with a wounded frame or broken health sinks to a premature crave .
Such is the life and death of a British Miner I _ Impelled by the great number of recent appalling calamities , and believing the time propitious—from the impulse practical science has received by the events of the past year , men of scientific eminence , and practical men of high character , have instructed us to issue this proposal for the formation of a National Society . At a preliminary meeting held at Westminster , on the 6 th inst ., it was proposed that the title should be" . The Society for the Prevention of Loss of Life by Explosions , and other Accidents in Coal Mines . " " That the investi gations of the Society should embrace the causes and means of prevention of Explosions—Deaths from Foul Air—Accidents in Shafts—Falls from the Roor—Accidents in the Workings—Inundations . "
"That an early general meeting shall be called , to whom these propositions shall be submitted ; the constitution of the Society formed , and its future proceedings arranged . " "With this imperfectment of the conditions and dangers o ( the miners , and . of a humane and important object for their better security , we respectfully commit this appeal to the consideration of the British public . James Mather , 1 , „ Henry Carnsew , } ' Seci » M Fo . tern . May 24 th , 1852 . All communications to be addreBed to the Honorary Secretaries , 4 , Raymond-buildings , Gray ' s Inn , London .
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rfotnt * ft ? ' ? * fovemi"er > a eW f e" down a shaft ( 100 yards deep ); and her father , who was at the time in the pit , aided to collect her remains , and did not know that it ¦ nas his own daughter .
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Scientific Examination of the Daw Lamp . —On Friday an adjourned meeting of the Committee of tbe House of Commons , on "Explosions in Collieries , " took place in the theatre of the Polytechnic institution to investigate the facts in connexion with Sir Humphrey Davy ' s safety lamp for miners , and the application of the steam jet aB suggested by Mr . Goldsworthy Gurney , for the ventilation of mines . Dr . Bachhoffner conducted a series of very con . elusive experiments on explosive gasses , &c , and his evidence was taken down by the short-hand writer of the House of Commons , and will be printed for the use of the house . Several scientific gentlemen present were examined by the committee , amongst whom were Mr . Robert Stephenson , M . P ., Mr . Goldsworthv Gurnev . Mr . Darlinirtnn . M ,
Wood Mr . G . OvertoD , the coroner on the late case of explosion at ; Aberdare ; Mr . Dickinson , the government inspector of mines ; Mr . J . H . Pepper , the professor of cheraistry to the institution ; and other gentlemen connected with rmmng operations . There were also present the MarqmsofChandos , Mr . Smith Child , M . P ., Colonel Pennant , M . P ., Colonel Mure , M . P , Mr . Booker , M . P ., Sir H . Delabeche , Mr . E . Cayley , jun . On conclusion the thanks of the comaittee were given by the chairman to Dr , Bachhoffner and to the directors of the institution , for the use of the theatre and apparatus , which had been put at their disposal for this purpose .
The Safety Lamp . —Explosions in coal mines may be generally attributed to the abuse of the ordinary safety lamp . The miner is undoubtedly often tempted to move the protecting wire gauze covering for the sake of obtaining more light , and thus endangers the lives of all vrho may he employed in the mine . The disastrous effects of coal-pit accidents from tbe explosion of fire-damp have induced many to devote their attention to the improvement of the Davy lamp , particularly with a view to increase the light and diminish the tendency the gauze has to become red-hot from its proximity to tbe flame . M . Eloin , a Belgian engineer , baa succeeded in combining all the advantages and in obvia . ting the _ defects of the ordinary lamp , and Messrs . Thornton , of Birmingham , have constructed a lamp upon his plan at a very reasonable cost . In these improved safety lamps the
flame is surrounded with a short thick glass , well protected , and the air is admitted through wire gauze below the flame ' and under a cover or cap , on the principle of the solar lampa much better ligbt is thus produced , and perfect combusl tion obtained . AU danger from over-eating of the gauz ° accumulation of soot and ceal-dust , is removed ; and the combustion chamber of glass being bound at top and bottom by a strong brass ring , any accident by . the cracking of the glass from unequal expansion is prevented . The presence of fire-damp is detected quite as well as in tbe ordinary lamp , and there are other advantages which render this lamp superior in every respect to that in common use . Too much praise cannot be given to M . Eloin for the liberality with which he has thrown it open to the mining public without limiting its use by patent or other restriction . —Times .
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ANOTHER FATAL COAL PIT ACCIDENT . A most sad and melancholy accident occurred on Mon . flay last at one of the coal-pits in Messrs . Dimmock and Co . ' a , Bunker ' s-hill Colliery , Bilston . It appears that the men assembled as usual on the morning in question , and at six o ' clock , the hour for beginning work , one " skip" full of men and boys had gone down , and the skip was in the act of descending the second time with another " bandfull " when an awful explosion of fire damp was heard by those atttt upon the bank and waiting to descend . Upon the engine being reversed , and the skip brought to the top , bul one person was found to have retained bis hold , the whole of his companions , to the number of eight or ten men and boys , having been thrown from the ski and precipitated tc
p I la . * La * . ft - « w p « vilf | lU \ bU VU the bottom by the violence of the explosion below . The explosion was so violent that it was heard by the neighbouring pit companies , who at once hastened to assist the sufferers . As soon as the burnt sulphur , in which no one can breathe , bad passed away , several men descended the shaft , and the whole of the sufferers , twenty . tvro in all , were brought to the top . One was found to be dead , and four others - . mmediately expired upon being brought upon the bank , and the rest were all more or less injured , some to such an extent that it ie thought impassible they can survive , Out of five horses which were in the pit at the time of the accident only one was brought up a \ We , and tbat was so badly injured tbat it wa » got to the stable with dim .
eulty . From inquiries made upon the spot it appears the accident is attributed to the following unfortunate circumstance t-The man who has the care of the horses , as was his usual custom , descended the pit for the purpose of feed mg them on the previous morning , which was Sunday " and , m leaving the pit , he accidentally left open an " airdoor' through which he had to pass , and which is placed uone of the underground wayi to prevent the current of air passing directly from the bottom of one shaft to the other , and to force it through the whole of the workings . By this door being left open the ventilation of the main body ot the workings was prevented , and consequently the
accumulation of the explosive gas went on from the Sunday morning till the time of the accident , the next mommsr . and w the first akipfbl of men were going in to work , unsuspicious of danger , the immense accumulation of highly explosive gas auddenly ignited from the unprotected candles carried by the men , and this communicating with two casks of bhsting-powder , which unfortunatel y happened to be deposited in some part of the pit , these two bodies siraultaneonsly exploded , surrounding the unhappy colliers in one sheet of fire , and causing the sacrifice of life above described .
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LAW INTELLIGENCE . MR , BAWMOK IN HIS BEAT I . V pAWUMBNT . An attempt , on the part of an informer , to extract from Mr . Ssaloman the penalties to which he rendered himself table by voting in the Douse of Commons , has been de-Eeated by a verdiot for the defendant . The case was tried on Monday and Tuesday in the Court of Exchequer . The alleged justificatum for a second action was , hat tbe for-^ LL l , l , " ti , 1 ¥ ler 8 on * ° divisions attended on subpeona , but as they had not received the permission of the house to give evidence , the Court informed them they could decline doing so ; and they did decline .
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Fatal Accident on the Sheewsbury and Chester ? nTrJ ; 7 7 & ^ ° » P ' « l-. ^ tensive ironand coal master , met his death on Friday under most melancholy circumstances upon hi 8 estate at Minera , near Wrexham . The unfortunate gentleman , who was in his 83 rd year , was r T ? £ T 6 . Minera branch of the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway when a train came up , and the buffers of the engine struck the pony , who , with his rider , was thrown to a considerable distance . Deceased was ' ao seriously injured , that he never recovered consciousness , but died in about six hours .
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FIRES . Firr ix Bishopsgate-street . - Shortly beforp nnp o ' clock on Monday morning the inhabitants of Biahopsgat and Ftnsbury were aroused by theory of "Fire" In Up course of a few minuies a bod y of flame shot forth , and a - cended so high as to be perceived not merely in the cilv districts , but also on the Surrey side of the Thames The light having been followed h y the police they fomid that the outbreak had taken place in one of the ancient buildints iu 2 , Swan-yard , near the church , Bishopsgate-street The owner of the property was a Mr . L » nzlmrgh , a woodand ivorv turner , and when the discovery was nrarle the residents were in their beds . Having been aroused they found the flames progressing so furiously that they had great diffieiillv in fighting their way out of the premises .. The Rova ' l FIRES
Society ' s fire escape promptly attended , followed in ranid success . on by the brigade engines from Jt ffrey . «« uar ., NNhiVe-cross-streel , ^ ailing-street , aud t ' arrinedou-Street stations , and that of the West of England office from the Waterloo-road station . An excellent suppl y of water having been procured the engines were put into operation and the fireman , under the direction of Mr . Fo ? o , the brigade foremen , worked in an admirable manner and by two o ' clock they succeeded in getting the fire extinguished , but no until great damage was done-ihe roof avfd upper floors being entirely consumed . Fortunately the sufferer was insured . The fire originated from a very sim ple cau * e —viz ., placing a lighted candle too near the window , the curtain of which was drifted by the current of air against ti'e candle . ' °
Great Firk near St . Katharine ' s Docks —Shortly after nine o ' clock on Wednesday night a fire , from which Its proximity to the London and St . Katharine ' s Docks created much excitement , burst forth from the extensive warehouse and stores of Messrs . Huhbuck and Son , ship chandlers and oil and colourmen , situate on the north side of Upper East Ssmitofielu , immediately fronting the north-east angle of bt . Katharine ' s Docks . The premises covered a large space of ground , four stories in height , and extending to a considerable depth , combining steam-mills for grinding colours and . capacious steres of every description . The warehouse was closed at the usual time in the evening , when the different departments seemed perfectly safe . The discovery of the nre was made by some persons whose attention was drawn to a greatligbt in one of tbe upper floors . Giving an alarm , the policeman on tbe beat promptly followed out the
regmatiOBs in case of fire of keeping the front doors closed and sending off messengers to the various brigade stations . This precaution , however , had but little effect , for before there was time for an engine to get to ihe spot , the two upper floora with their heavy inflammable stock were one general body of fire . Engines from all quarters of the metropolis speedily arrived , but before then the conflagration has assumed a terrible aspect . There were some thousands of tons of oil in tanks in various parts of the building be-8 idea a very large stock of pitch , tar , rosin , turpentine and other combustible materials . As may he imagined , these on becoming ignited produced an immense body of flame , which , rising to a considerable height above the surrounding
buildidgs , lighted up the docks aud the whole of the estst end of London with awful brilliancy . At an early stage of the fire the authorities of St . Katharine ' s Docks , being apprehensive that the flames would be wafted over to their warehouses , had their floating engine brought up to the quay side near the wall facing tbe burning stores , and being got into play threw from the summit of the wall a considerable body of water on to the flaming premises . Such was the character of the contents , however , that the water had very little effect . The fire continued to rage with unabated vehemence , and notwithstanding the joint wotkiug of the whole of the brigade engines , with that of the West of England , the firemen were unable to master the destructive elp .
ment until near twelve o ' clock , by which time scarcely a vestige of the various floors of tbe warehouses remained . All were destroyed , the walls alone remaining . There were several buildings which adjoined Messrs . Hubbuek ' s property which have sustained much damage ; but the details of the various damages had not up to the time of this being written been ascertained by the bri gade officers . They however , appeared to be exiensive . Most of the engines were efficiently worked by the tars from the docks . ^ The origin of the fira could not be learned . The total loss of property is heavy , bat the firm ate insured .
Alarming Fire . —A fire of a ver y alarming nature broke out about four o ' clock on Tuesday morning in the premises belonging to Mr . Richard Lambert , a plumber and glazier , carrying on business in Union-mews , near Middlesex Hospital . The occupants having been aroused by the police , most of them made their escape in safety , but tbe fire had penetrated the premises of Mr . White , No ! 21 , Nassau-street , and also those occupier ! by Mr . Scotcher , nianoforte-maker , in the mews . The Royal Society ' s fire- ° scape from Portland-place was quickly on the spot , when the conductor found the smoke pouring from the windows . At that time two or three persons could be seen in the midst
of the smoke . The conductor , having raised his machine , rushed to the second-floor window , while a policeman went tithe third-floor . The latter brought down an infant , and was followed by its mother ( Caroline Forman . ) and the conductor of the escape brought down , with considerable difficulty , another woman named Ford . Had it not been for the timely arrival of the escape , there is little doubt bul they would have been suffocated . The engines of the parish and London Brigade , under the direction of Mr Staples , were soon on the spot , and , having been set to work the fire was eventually extinguished , but not until considerable damage was done to the premises of Mr . Lambeit knovsi COtCher ' aDd Mf " White < The ° tigia Of tbe fire i 9 w *
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THE BETTING DENS . At the Mansion-house on Monday , Sir P . Laurie said he had received a great number of communications mpMtinJ mS t 0 U 9 < V \ t 0 Whieh ^ active intorpoBition S Si mag strates of the metropolis was so urgentl y called . lie Sir Peter La « no , -I am m S'S ^ S ^ iSSSLt you have taken that frightful evil , tbe betting houses , iUmud ! Unless something » done speedily for our protection all those who . Ma myself , employ young men in their business " VlVo of ne cessity must be intrusted with large aums of money ) will hi ? n Z » . ' ^" y toroytHA * to which th ^ rS , me ?™
same vice , and of course is also on th / h ' igh £ to rub W *" I am , Sir , yours most respectfull y , itfxsrS SS ^^ SK . ' »'' ' » . l « R «»«!»» liB .
'Tip' tor all races run any week , 2 s . Gd . JS ^ fflS ^ te ^ ssSr ™^ ^ » wsrSe itr stated that the debts ™****** SIl sEiiSfSS ^ stfr&HKi-xHs ^^ SSi ^ ' ^^
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r ° maxx' ^ a 15 ouo 7 ^ oj ; s v ^ r ^ Ms- * - *"* s ^ &SSS ? f 3 S 5 ass subjects , it is enacted th 5 " ^ 'e y ° man GathoIi ° nor any member SfanVofh 0 ^ CathoIic ecclesiastic or societies , of ho lSiSfiZ't ^ T ™*' ' or religious vows ahnnlH I ome bound ° y monastic ^ JfiEZSXSZRF 1 *** rites or cere - of his order , save within « , « g on or wear the habit 9 Roman cJffi rjSft ^ T ? S of WW 8 hi P tbe it ba been represented to us , E £ house 3 « * and whercas aatics , rearing the habts of tV " 1 Roi ? Catholic ecclesith «» iL ,. j . . " :: ? D 1 C 3 of their orders h ™* p ™™ isnd iw
, . hijhw , ; zr * s ^^^ ^ * * ceremonial dressea , beaS han ^ ' ^ - many pemD , ' , " of their worshiri in «» T - nners and objects , or symbols akoyiSS nuET ' t 0 the , S roat soandal and nifest danger of the n » t i ; o 8 of our P P - and to tho ma * repr sente& to uJtfft i ^ : , « d whereas it has been committed near nknl , f , ^ tion of the law has been K ™ mxi £ * &ffi * r * to ^ hip during the time of » n » . mtt « n « .. Y *^? ? . ? manner as to disturb the coneregattona asswnhioa + C " ""« i as 10 uisiuro tue uou « 5
LVou 2 dSu'Z ' ' , kT r fore , tb 0 U ^" council to issno . v n ( i wth the advice of our privy warnini all £ l V ° ^ "yd Proclamation , solemnly arewKdrn * Wlwm lt m * y concern , that , whilst we undSSrted raff . * " , Roman Cafcholi ° subJectBin the freS we ^ l f \ their legal rights and religious oornr&J * « f n detern » r , ed to prevent and repress tho oKSrs mav dr S " ° ffences as aforesaid - wherebythe E ' aff Upon themselves tho punishments atri v K ° h ! 0 l - n lon of tli 0 laW 3 > and the P eaco and sccu-Givnn I t mmoris " ¦ ay be endangered . * of Tnnn ?„ T CUUrt at B <»* ir . g >> am Palaco , this lath day ? eai"Sf ' Om . S year r , ouv & >« £ 1852 , and in tho fifteenth yeai ot our reign . -God save tho Queen .
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—¦ -- - ^ fai l } ls 5 , c cfi ! ME ^ s ? os § r ^ HiUp SS ^ m ^^ sM her "b y she bariI L ¦? . hfV lllt 0 custody . J , ' Pe ^ on in SS&SKS&IS ' ^ mmm J ^ 1 $ ]§* . CfiTMWe Vr ^ T ^ ! = 5 ! ' = " = 355 «» -i ' :
" Ka ^ s ^ tt ^ ssi ? No- 315 ,, ( Mori ! lr" ^„ ' \\ f ¦''^ , ^ £ . « and T / ioronj LM ™ , t , u ?• " llMl » mC « ,, "•
raSiS ^ ' ^ S afssssysSS ppisil
s Wo ^ E&vr ^ ¦ P « m » oU and , il , ( rran . oh ! ,,, i t ' * '"' * « ^ p ^ uisxhti street , were remanded . ™' al ^ m $ , i / r w De « cWVE Dreamek . —On the 2 nd nf , i-« s ^ rh * S . S total
. Not SUcceedi . , he , g « ta » 7 oW tt ¦ "'! I * g ^^ 't& ' fe . 'SS ^ » M » rj » £ w « l robbery was first found out . It appeared » iJn ^ tlie S ^ W . ^ jSP ^ that no strangev UZZ LJ ^ V ° m" ™ Ssift asiilgr&ta l 0 £ s ht
expedient-zravplr ™»« n » ,,, i . " L " ., . . ^ rr ^'^^^ T ^ Iflilsss ipisisi £ * Si ™ i TT thief i hmlIad ? ™^ 2 auflctc still more by this speech , but she merely -aid , « Well i \" ™* back «* « n't be bm . » SL then S
. y is departure , assuring her that be ' WOu , d find out the S and tbe money , and well assured himself that his ne « - patent Sh T J ) avethedesired € ffect ' although tbe uoney could be found novmhere about the house . On Tuesday 1 Z \ , ; We 8 t was removin s 6 orae uh ** £ & S * ™ J " ' ^ ft >« Bd }» money-the gold wrapped « in the notes-al safe m the very basket where Frank Smith told the landlady he had dreamt he saw it ! Smith talks of taking rat a patent for his discovery of tbe efficacy of a dream invented at tbe right moment and in the proper place
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ACCIDENTS AND CASUALTIES . Fatal Accident o . v the Axlbsbuhy ILuiavav .-Un Friday afternoon an accident , which has unhappily been attended with the loss of one life , occurred on the Avlesbuij branch of the London and North Western Railwav , * i thia a ra \ le and a quarter of the junction of tbe branch with the main line at Cheddington . The train was the ordinarr passenger train , which leaves Aylesbury at a quarter before two in the afternoon for Cheddington to meet the up . train to London . It may be stated that only a Bingle line of nils h&a been laid down , and that the length of the branch line between Aylesbury and Cheddineton is about seven mib
The tram consisted of four carriages , with a break , engine , and tender , and proceeded at a steady pace averaeing between twenty-two and twenty . four miles per hour , till it arrived within a mile and a quarter of the junction , when the engine suddenl y ran off the line , tearing up some yards of the rails , and , after running about 100 yards , passed through a quick-set hedge , and fell on its side in the adjoining field . Tbe coupling between the engine and tender broke , the tender ran on about a dozen yards further , and with the break and the two foremost carriageswhich Here
, second class , ran off tbe line on the opposite side of the rails . The guard , George Allen , who wa 3 thrown with great violence from the train hy the shock , was taken up insensible , and carried to a public-house on the line , called the Aylesbury Arms , about half a mile from where the accident took place . Some brandy was administered to him , and he revived a little , but expired before they got to the house , it was found that he had sustained a comaiinuted fracture of the pelvis ; the intestines were ruptured , and the internal injuries were of so serious a nature tbat there
was no possibility of his surviving . The unfortunate man had been upwards of thirteen years in the service ol tbe company , and was much respected . He was tbirty-nioe years old , and has left a widow and four children . The engine driver maintained his footing on tbe engine till it «»' overturned . There were about fifteen passengers in tie train , among whom was the Hon . Mr . Ashley , but , with the exception of the fright and some slight bruises , all for ' Jj nately escaped without injury . All tbe circumstances wouia lead us to believe that some obstruction must have been placed either wilfully or accidentally upon the rails , and ** understand that in this neighbourhood one or two attemp " to throw the train off by placing some chains on the ta'i have been recently made , and have only been prevented V the vigilance of the drivers , who were enabled to atop "
trains in time and remove the obstruction . Inquest . —On Wednesday , the jury impanelled to investigate the death of George Allen , the guard killed by DB extraordinary accident which took place on the line of «» Aylesbury Railway , on Friday , re-assembled at the AjlesW Arma Inn , at Chaddington , for the purpose of further p * secuting their inquiry . The jury , after hearing a large qi * tity of evidence , returned the following special verdict : "We find that the deceasedGeorge Allen came by ""
, , death on Friday , June the lltb , by accidental circumstance . , in consequence of the engine of the train of wh ' " * * the guard jumping off the line of the Ay lesbury Bail * * ' The jury think that , owing to the clay subsoil , tbe Tans au eleeperB require constant attendance and care , an " * appears from the evidence that there is not in p ' aces su , ' cient ballast above the clay . That tbe bearings are too w apart , the jury considering that there shoul d be atioin sleeper under each rail . That no satisfactory reasen app
ing in the evidence for the engine getting off the ™ * 'L \ jury are unable to come to any other conclusion than i there was some defect connected with the reils or sleepers in the neighbourhood of the accident . " W ' , quity , which excited considerable interest , then tennis Serious Accident to Mn . Thomas Ashton , of Hvi *' -Mr . Thomas Ashton , one of the leading P « tne " , od ' Manchester house having its manufactory at Hyde , na < . Thursday , a narrow escape of his life . He was P ™«| ° "J in a " whitecbanel" from Manchester to Hyde , « "»«' o ' clock p . m ., when , at Gorton , bis horse came to a sn » tbe embankment and bridge over the brook . Mr > AS j . endeavoured to urge the animal forward , but it m ™? L h jt den bolt to one side , and , clearing the fence , carriea « the vehicle down a steep ana dangerous bank ot great f ^ Mr . Aahton was afterwards found at the bottorn v \ ^ compound frac ' . ure of one leg , the bone Pro trU ( lin VhoU < rb places , and is likely to be confined for some time ,, aiw e there is some hope that he will recover , and tna ' " . * j to tion may not be necessary . The vehicle wasi u »» ^ p ieces—the horse , strange to say , took care of U " ni ! lCM is unharmed ^
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A countryman applied to a solicitor for leg * vii Attor detailing tho circumstances of the case ,, ¦ j asked if he had stated tho facts as thcy . hao [ occ » j "Oh , aye , Sir , " rejoined he , «• I thoug ht it better J you the plain truth ; you cw put the lies to it ) ow
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6 ^^ THE STAR <) F FREEDOM . I
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 19, 1852, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1683/page/6/
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