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dTosojwatfoe €i)rotu'ri e..«»« flW^I
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democratic £Tobements.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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" The 30 th regiment of the Hue , suspected of com-JLating each fearful sufferings , waB relieved b y f « th This regiment did its duty most zealously . ? h fl first ni {? bt the sentinels fired from tho ramparts the passengers . One of these was wounded , and & tafcen into the casements . The poor wretch had ' ' submit to amputation , but he expired tho following L- amidst atrocious Bufferings . AVe remain ed nearly three weeks at Ivry . This auhoped for reprieve had given birth to many illu-Vrtis At nine o ' clock one night , tho guardians came ^^^ J ^ J ^ rT ^ l ^
n d brutally reclaimed the shirts that had been lurched to l ' moEt nece 3 S 't ° tyf the administration ! Jf p risons and gave as in exchange those , still wet , Adv had received to wash . This was our only notice $ dep arture . We rushed to the loopholes ; courts jnd platforms , as far as the eyo could reach , were bristling with bayonets ; horses pawed at the extremity ; and from the front , at the entrance of the / ort we could distinguish tho noise of cannon wheels , pirectly afterwards , the guardians cried through each loophole : 'Get up ! prepare ourselves , you
jnast go ! We prepared ourselves almost without saying a * ord , but wa had to wait a long time for the final fiignal . At length the doors were opened , and all the p risoners were reunited , heaped upon one point : five hundred persons , without counting guardians and toldiers— five hundred persons , embarrassed with bundles and portmanteaus , in one of those casemates vrhere there are never put more than sixty toldiers . There , it was still necessary to wait two mortal hours , neither more nor less ! The greatest
confa ion reigned in the fort . Rosinous torches , carried by eerffeants-de-ville , going and coming , lighted up with their sinister gleams the profound masses of s ; ibre 3 and muskets . The nominal call commenced , and it was the most arrogant , at which I have ever assisted . The prisoners passed two by two in the court , and fell upon a group of police agents , who immediately bound them with rough and cutting cords , of which the greater part of them could not disengage themselves before noon next day , when their wrists were benumbed and covered with blood .
We were marched along muddy roads filled with quagmires . Three cellular waggons followed , bringing the iuvalides . We were surrounded by two regiments of infantry and a battalion of Chasseurs de Vincenne 3 , three squadrons of Lancers , Republican guards , and mounted gendarmes protected- the flanks of the column ; behind marched the artillery , ready at the slightest signal to crush us , if the troops of the line had opened and laid us bare to their fire ; in all nearly four thousand men to escort five hundred unfortunates , already enfeebled by the carcereduro , and who had been firmly bound !
No one , either by voice or by writing , could say his adieus to his family or to bis friends ; no one could make any arrangements of his affaire , or for his future . It is known that the military authorities were perfectly instructed ; hut there was no belief in a distant voyage ; there still existed a hope of not quitting Paris . We believed ourselves destined , from the movements of the convoy , from the different points of the ronte itpursued—sometimes to Sainte-Pelagie , some time 3 to the communal halls of the rue du Ohercho
Midi or to the Conciergerie , the Councils of War , and sometimes to the Mazas , for solitary and indefinite imprisonment . Bnt . we marched on , leaving one after the other , on the right and on the left , the roads which conducted to these prisons . The column reached the Place de la Bastile , and entered the inferior boulevards . Not a man was on our route , not a light in a window . We heard no other noise than the violins of a bourgeoise marriage at the restaurant of the old Cadran-Blen . on the Boulevard du Temple , and farther on at tho corner of the Rue Lafitte , the
burst of laughter of an aristocratic orgio at the Mai-Hon-Dnree . Dancnrs and courtisans showed themselves at the window for an instant ; but they had no desire to waste their time in seeing defile before them so many unfortunates : they immediately recommeuced their quadrille or their debauch . At the Boulevard des Capucines . the head of the convoy suddenly turned to the right : our fate was fixed ; we were on the road to tho Havre railway . At half-past three we were crammed into the waggons , pell-mell with police agmits and gendarmes , and we started for Brest .
In the morning , all Paris recounted the details of this lujjubrous expedition , and the emotion was , it is said , very great for some days . Afterwsirds when these moustrous deportations took place , they dared not traverse Paris . The prisoners were compelled , notwithstanding their fatigue , to travel the immense space extending fr = m Ivry to the Rue Amsterdam , passing the town by the exterior boulevards , from the Barricre do F < ntainbleu to the Barriere de Clichy . A telegraphic despatch had preceded us to to Havre . The commander of the Btate of siege in that town , Col . Neigre , had drawn np his troops in line of battle . The colonel and his little eiat-major , wore as zealous as gendarmes driving back the curious with brutal words and fierce looks . . A p risoner , who afterwards became paralytic , almost swooned away , and was
unable to proceed another step . ' Bring a tilbury for Monsieur , ' cried the absurd and brutal Colonel . The town testified only a mediocre curiosity ; the Bonapartist journals had basely deceived it on the preceding evening , and even that morning , by all simply announcing a departure and embarkation of forcats . Jhe few persons who , from tho extremities of the jetty , or from the Francois Ier tower , seeing us descend by hundreds , like herds of beasts , into the depths of the frigate , turned away with disgust and horror . To them we were only a bagns en , route for Cayenne ! At half-past one tho 'Canada * had all her republican cargo stowed sway between her deck 3 , in theae horrible batteries which hiBtory will rememher as long as the human heart is capable of feeling sympathy for the victims , and hatred for the executioners I ( To ha Continued )
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tar Our Friends will oblige by forwarding reports of Chartist meetings , and other Democratic proceedings .
DEMOCRATIC RE FUGEE COMMITTEE TO THEIR FELLOW COUNTRYMEN . It 13 now nearly three months since we first appealed to you to aid U 3 in rendering assistance to our Democratic brethren at present suffering in exile . It is needless for us to repeat the claims these men have upon the sympathy of the British people , especially upon that of the Democratic portion of it . These claims will be at once recogosed by every man of generous mind . When we first appealed to you we bad no hope of being aided by those whose interest it is to maintain the institutions which these unfortunate men have laboured to overthrow . We built our hopes upon the less corrupted , the
more generous and noble-minded Bons of toil , whose Special care it shoeld have been to save their brotherworkers—the fighters of their battles—from the horrors of ue ttitution . We hoped that the Democracy of this country * ere still alive to a sense of their own and of their coantry ' s honour , which would impel them to straggle to procure a nunienance for their foreign brethren . They ' bave not oone so . Whether it be that they have not known , or ihat « ney depended upon the work being done by men betier iWe , in a pecuniary sense , to do it , we cannot tell ; but certain it is that exertions worthy of the noble work we nave engaged in have not been made ; and for want of those «« nons we have not been able to accomplish the objects w had in view .
On the 9 th of August , the quarter will bave expirfd , ana we shall then divide amongst the different committees « the exiles the funds we may have ia our possession . As jet the amount we have received has been so insignificant mulr « f ! £ been . ashan « dio divide it amongst thecoranmtees of the nations . been . l ? ° r f ; that dl has 1 ) een dona lhat miH » l have SrXdtK f' J *** fcas not bMn made «« Requisite SuiSSfiS " ? l P liHnsoremployment . We Democrac ^ e SS T ^ honOur ° < Samraav ' s •¦ Star of FrP , H » ^ made - In last P 0 liSh RefUseVs " nw , So , rm , Ka : i pul ) lisbed a list ° in the greater Ssm and ? P pl 0 Sn ;^ " ™* Demotes to effi ^^™? , " ' " brolher are among the &f a ^ X ^ St * ™™ a ^ w ^ ^^ s tha
J '""'^'"^ t all subscription sheets w ! tt , , i . - "tasswawKseS
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Refugees . . The locar committees should also mike the most strenuous exertians to find the means of self-support tor the unemployed among the-exiles . Signed on behalf , of the Committee , G . Julian Harney , " 1 T . Thornton Hunt , L S .-cretaries . July 26 , 1852 . Walter Copper . I : j ^ . 8 :- The - ^^ matees should ^ make
t ^ ° ?' e"eceived up July 19 th , £ 20 13 s . 4 d July 26 th Roi-hcstor , per W . Biackwell :-W . Blaokwell , t i ' ' ' w . BUckwoll , sen .. 1 < . ; John Ackhurst . Is . ; J . H .. K ; 11 Stollery , U ; J . Galer , la . ; J . Heirman , Is . ; *"'» 1 * - ; H . Binge , U . ; C . Mason , U . ; W . BU-t , 6 d ; J . L .. Gd . ; G . W . B ., 6 i . ; A Friend , l « . ; Paul GoWaton . 1 « . ; A Friend , 6 J . ; Total , 15 s . Ddkeitb , per Robert M Arthur- . —James Pnrteous , la . ; John Tait , Is . ; A . Friend , 6 J . ; Robert M « Arthur , Is . Q . l . ; Thomas w ««!!"' e 1 'J .. l" ? " . ' ^» ° . ? ' » i- »« W Collier , od . ; Wnluun Somirvilie
- . Is . ; A Friend 6 . 1 . ; A Friend . 6 d . ; D . 1 otter Isl ; Mm . Crighton , 3 . 1 . ; A Friend . 3 J . ; A Friend , Pi 7 ' P ! ' A' I ' J - B - - » lMr 3 - ™ - 6 J -: A tnen . l 61 . ; John fhorbum , 2 d . ; James Leea , Gil .: John latto , 31 . ; A . M -rr . 31 . ; Thomas Morison , 3 J . ; Richard Alien , 64 . ; James "W ilker . 31 . ; John Lormer , 2 . 1 . ; A . Smitn , 3 j . ; J . tmes Thompson . Is . Gd . ; Henry Miller , 3-1 . ; w « m " r- 3 i ' - Jonn Camobell , 31 . ; W . ' ttixter , 01 . W . Oj-iSve , 8 . 1 . ; A . Graham , 3 d . ; Joseph Sirrat , < 5 d ; W . Taylor , I-. ; W . Bro-dfooJ , Od ; Mr . Mnkintosh , 61 . ; A . Monrow , 6 J . ; Robert Yuung , 61 . ; J . WiUtamson , Sd . ; A Friend , Is . ; J . Lamond , Is . ; Total , £ 14 a .
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RE-OPENING OF THE JOHN-STREET INSTITUTION . A festival , consisting of a tea party and publio meeting , was held at thv Literary and Scientific Institution , Johnstreat , Fitzroy-square , on Sunday Evening , to celebrate the re-openmg of the Institution after the recent repairs . William Devonshire Saull , Esq . occupied the chair . After tea the chairman addressed tho meeting . He said : —We are met on an important occasion . That occasion w the re-opening of this Institution , and the subject has been one to bring us together in harmony . We should never forget the lesson we have received here . We Bhould never forget also , that it is our duty to communicate
those lessons to others . If wo do not do so , we will not falSl our duties as we ought to do . In a short time the lease of this Institution will expire . I would recommend that another be built in place of this , capable of holding thousands Instead of hundreds , and am prepared to devote a portion of my property for such a purpose—to double theBum I have already subscribed . When we go to tho country or mingle with our foreign friends , wo find that old systems everywhere are falling . ; so that we should prepare to build a new system upon their ruins , and asso . ciato togethor to spread our principles , and to aooompliah the great work , of overthrowing ignorance , superstition , and crime .
Robert Cooper said , ho had a sentiment to propose , which , he was sure , would meet with the approbation of the company . It was— ' The Institution . Muy its future be consistent with its past , and may its improved condition be the augur of its increased utility . May our suecessm this undertaking be astimulus to the formation of now ones , until ignoranceand its concomitants , snperstition . vice . and misery , shall only be a matter of history and tradition . " The John-street Institution is becoming as well known as any institution in London . Tho Moneyocracy have their Guildhall , the Shopocracy have their London Tavern the Millocracy have their great Free Trade Hall , and the Cantocracy have their Exeter Hall , while the Democracy have the John-street Institution . There have been many phases in tho history of progress , but none creator than the
present . Even Dsraeli , the champion cf things as they have been , can see " something looming in the dist » Dce . " At this hour the people have sunk into the deepest apathy . How this anomaly ? The hard blows Democracy has received here and on the continent , have rendered despondent the more superficial reformers , ' and they , thinking the game lost , have cast themselves into the great scramble of the world . But I have faith in truth , in liberty , and progress . Even Burns could despond and write the melancholy words " Man was made to mourn . " I cannot endorse this statement . I do not believe it ; I believe that liberty and happiness is tho future fa te of the peoples here and on the continent . If we look around , we see all the living creatures of the earth are free and man alone a slave , hi 3 rights denounced by black coated imposters , and suppressed bred coated j
y buchers . I may be told , I have been told , that our opinions are mere poetry , mere sentimenta'ism . "We will never live lo see such a state of things , or to enjoy itit will be so long . " So long , yes , it will be very lung if we will think thus ; for it is those who think so , selfish cowards , who render it Ions . That man who would wish to transmit slavery , ought to be himself a slave . No man can neglect the epoch in which he lives without committing a crime—a crime against his predecessors , his contemporaries , and posterity . While the pt-oplis slumber , the enemies of free dom are awake and activt ? , preparing to repress any reaction on the part of the peoples . Your Major Beresfords may aay that they despise the " vile rabble , " but it is false ; They do not despise them , they dread them ; and that is a much more honourable position to occupy . The " vile rabble" of 1852 is not that of 1 ? 52 . The anisan of to-iia » is not like
the artisan of the last ceutury . He is no longer a kingworshiping , priest-paying animal , but a readinc , a thinking , and a reforming animal . According to Dr . D . ck , no less thau 14 , 000 . 000 of human beings have perished in warswars to pn > p up the bloodstained despotisms . Yet it is by these «! e-potB and their parasites that are raised cries—low vu ' gar cries of anarchy and bloodshed . It ia not blood that the pe . pies want , it is liberty , fraternity , and happiness But liberty they must have , and if it be obtained with b o >; dshrd it will not be their fauirs , but thsir enemies . Did the French people seek bloodshed , when , in 1848 , they abolished death punishment for political crimes ? What a contrast between the conduct of that " vilerabbin" and that of those bloodstained despots who dare to raise their gory thrones on the necks of the peoples and shako their bauble sceptres in thi- fsceof the world . Mr . Cooper resumed his Beat amid enthusia tic applause .
The meeting wag afterwards addressed by Mr . Alexander Campbell , Mr . Turley , Mr . Benney , ami Mr . Stallwood , who proposed a vote of thanks to the Chairman , the previous speakers , and the Apollonical Society , which was unanimously carried . The evening ' s proceedings were enlivened by the performina of > everal musical pieces by the Apoll . mioal Society . The meeting broke up shortly after ten o ' clock .
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Bradford , Yorkshire . —The S-cular Society , as usual , held its weekly meet ng on Su day las ' , July 25 , 1852 , at Mitchell ' s Temperance Hotel , Union Street , Mr . Thomas Wilcock , president of the society , in the chair . Mr . George Demaine , the secretary , read the correspondence received during the week ; one from Mr . G . J . Holyoake , relative lo the expsc ; ed discussion with Dr . Ackworth , of this town , whom he had met at Nswcastle ; and they had agreed to debate as soon as Mr . Hilyoake ' a health was restored to its ordinary state , the discussion to come off in Bradford . Other correspondence was read . At seven o ' clock the publie was admitted to take part in the debates of the evening . A person from Horton introduced the following question for discussion : —•• The people are radically unfit for the 8 uf .
frage 1 " A very « mart debate followed . The introducer of the question was supported by Mr . W . Hodgson and W . J . Marsden , who urged the necessity of soc \ a \ reform , secular education , co-oueratton , or association , as the most practical means of accomplishing the freedom of the people of this country . —Mr . W . Wotton ' , Mr . J . Lewis , Mr . E . Melouse , Mr . J . Cooke , Mr . Jenkinson , Mr . R = ley , and Mr . Somers contended that political power , or th < J People's Charter , was the great lever necessary to promote the country ' s weal . The meeting then adjourned to Sunday evening nest , at seven o ' clock . The question for discussion next Sunday is , " The impossibility of any person believing in a God as Btated . in the Bible . " Mr . North , of New Leeds , undertakes to substantiate the proposition . The committee met on Monday evening , and arranged for holding a camp meeting at Shipley Glenn on Sunday , August 8 , 1852 , at two o ' clock
in the afternoon , when speakers will attend from Bradford , Leeds , iMghley , \ 7 ilsden . Queen ' s Head , Hvckraonrick . — COHRE ? POXDBXT , J- WlLCOCK . "Nottingham . —Secalar Hall . —Last Sunday Mr . Broira delivered two lectures in Sherwood Forest . One in the morning on Education , to a very large audience , that testified thtir admiration by considerable applatue . In the evening , his lecture was on Universal Suffrage—a Necessity . A large assembly greeted him with approval . A tea party was held in the afternoon , to greet Mr . Broom on his arrival in our town . We have engaged him to remain among us . Every Sunday morning he will lecture in the Forest , in the evenings in the Society ' s Hall , and in the course of the week in the Market Place . We are organising the town , so that Democracy and Frre Thought can be constantl y inculca ted among the ppoplfi . —CoaaaspnNDENT .
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Mr We shall be glad to receive Reports of Progress from Managers or Secretaries of Co-operative Associations and Stores , ia England , Ireland , Scotland and Wales . ' THE GREAT CO-OPERATIVE CONFERENCE AND
LABOUR-P ARMAMENT , HELD IN THE CO-OPERATIVE HALL , CASTLE-STREET EAST , OXFORD-STREET , LOSDON MONDAY , Jolt 26 . SOCIETIES BEPRI 5 SESTED . NAMES 'OF DELEGATES Norwich Co-operative Society Thos . Hughes , Esq .. Tho Bradford Co-operative Stores ... Job Sutcliffe . The Working Printers ' Association , „ , L , ° " . Richard Isham . The Galashtela Provision Store Lloyd Jones . The Working Tailors' Association , Castle-street East , London Walter Cooper . The Working Tailors' Association , Westminster Ditto . The JDj , ptford Iron Works William Newton . The Working Builders' Association
, „ . £ ' « nl » eo , London . Daniel Walford . Tho Edinburgh Coop-rative SocietyF . J . Faraival . rhe Working Tailors' Association , Th n f ? aol Henfy Smith . Vt m fax Cooperative Stores Mr . Foreman . The Working Hatters' Association , Manchester jame 8 D ^ on . The Working Tailors' Association , Ditto Djtjto * O ' Garratt . road Stores , ditto !! . Ditto ' . iho West London Smiths' Associa-TheS ^ eStores ! :: -S / eT ' Tho Working Shoemakers' AVsoc ' ia- * ' *' Tha nA . JT ' ? " " ¦ « Mc > Simmons . ine JSortti Lomion Cooperative
Stores I jj r g |_ The North London Builders' Associa ' tC £ ^^ aker 7 AVsSion ^ lS : Sf * 1 he fort 8 ea Stores \ i r Merrimnn Tne St ? ail 0 / 8 > T 4380 ^ ™^ SiIT ' Tho East London Iron Works Mr . Craig . S ! t ^^ ^ Co-operatiye Bakery ... M . Watson . TheLHdies Guild , London VansittartNeale E ^ o Tho . Southampton Tailors' Amooia . ' q Tho ^ o ^ omenr ^ London >»„ tt- „ ThoBanbury Plush Weavers'"IJso- ' CIation C . K . Paul . _ .. M 0 BN 1 NG SITTING .
Besides the delegates from the above named places there were present several of tho promoters of Associations , known as the London Promoters of Working Men s Associations ; ' to whose efforts the present flourishing and healthy condition of the Co-operative movement may be ascribed ; several other gentlemen also were eager listeners . Mr . Henry Smith , the delegate from Liverpool , having been appointed to the chair , the credentials of the various delegates were read and accepted . The chairman said they were called together to consider the questions which had been sent to each society by circular—these questions were printed in a late turnber of the 'Star of Freedom ' -and they would also like to hear
the delegates report on the present posi-Uon of the respective societies to which they belonged . Previous to their doing so , numerous letters were read from various Co-operative Societies , both productive and distributive , stating their inability to send delegates to this Conference , for various reasons urged . Some of these contained favourable reports of their condition , with expressions of kind wishes to the Conference , and a desire , on their part , to co-operate with the Conference in any acts it might deem essential to the associative movement . Letters were received from B anbury , Lees , Yeadon , Padiham , Co-operative Store , Liverpool , Coventry , Rickmansworth , _ Crewe , Norwich , Tongfold , Crayford , and other cities and towns both in England and Scotland . J . M . Ludlow , Esq ., on the part of the " Council
of Promoters , " or the Committee which convened the Conference , explained wh y it Was considered necessary to call such a body into existence . It was at a time , and for a subject of most vital import to the interests of Co operation in this country . It was a great fact in the History of England , that this Associated Labour Movement was now recognised by the government , and it was most desirable to take advantage of the law which had been made in their favour , to further the interests of association , and to establish Co-operation as the governing principle of society instead of competition . It was likewise nocessary for this Labour-Parliament to devise Borne means for the various associations to act in concert , and not como into tho market with their goods as antagonists . Competition among the co-operators was to be apprehended , and would be a far more terrible evil than it is in existing society
. Mr . Hughes—delegate from Norwich—gave a favourable report of the Society which he represented . Mr . Foreman , from Halifax , reported that their Store numbered 200 members , was established in September , 1850 , began by doing business to the amount of £ 10 per week , and were now doing £ 60 or £ 70 . The opposition of Ernest Jones to Cooperation in Halifax , instead of hindering the progress of the principle , as some had predicted , had given an immense impetus to the movement . Tho discussion between him and Lloyd Jones had called much more
attention to the subject , had increased their numbers , and they were now going on swimmingly . He appreciated the new law called the Industrial and Provident Societies' Act . ' Have done business with all the Associations it was possible to deal with , and spend annually some £ 650 with the Central Ageuoy in Charlotte-street , London . : Mr . SuTCLiFFE-delegatefrom Bradford—said , the members of their Society had been so busy they had not had time to furnish him with any specific report . They were doing admirably , have 100 members , and have a weekly business of about £ 50 . 'IVy feel greatly tho want of a Northern Central Agem-j m * L verpool or otherwhere , for the purohaBe of Irish anil Continental
pro duce , as tho Central Agency in London is the depot for the purchase of Colonial produce . This want was exproBsed by all tho other delegates from Yorkshire and Lancashire Mr . Henrt SMiin-delegato from Liverpool-said , the Tailors had a Co-operative Sooiety , Institute , and Burial Club : They commenced through tho exposure of the Sweating System contained in the letters of Alexander Maokay of the " Morninsj Chronicle . " Thoy began with a 10 a . subscription , and a few members , which havo augmented to fitly . They had but £ 3 or £ 4 to commence with , and havo gone on gradually . Have much moro busithan find
ness thoy can capital for . Have done business to tho amount of £ 180 in three months . Have had hard work , but no quarrels . This would seem , from the report of its delegate , to be one of the best Co-operative Organisations in England . They have registered as many as 1 700 members to their Institute , though a great many havo ' left through emigration and other causos . It is al-o a house of call , and they know at any time what surplus labour there ib in tho lailonng trado ; and , with some assistance , could become the masters of the labour market in that town and havo already in some instances been instrumental in compelling the slop-sellers to pay their workers hieher nricoo
There is no place in England where Co-operation is more needed or could be applied to a better purpose than in Liverpool . Mr . Si * said , the North London Co-operative Storo was but small and young . They had commenc ed in March and were enrolled . They had thirty members , and were doing a weekly business of £ 6 . Share £ 1 . Their prospects were excellent . Mr . D . Walford said , the Pimlico Working Builders ' Association arose out of what was called the Four o'clock Movement . It had gone on increasing sinoe the
commencement . Through tho kindness of "Vansit tart Neali-, Esq ., — tho gentleman to whom the London Associations are so largely indebted for capital—they bave been enabled to do business on an extensive scale , and execute contraots to a large extent . They have paid £ 2 , 569 this year in allowances to the workmen . Have built upwards of twenty houses , and have a stock wortu £ 4 , 700 . Employ between thirty and forty men , and often pay £ 60 or £ 70 weekly in allowances . They have a thousand pounds' worth of work on hand . They have also built a People ' s Institute . Mr . Walford spoke highly of the new act , also of the failing of working men in suspecting each other . -
Mr . Lloyd Jones said , the Oalashiels Store which he represented was the first in Scotland whidh was started on the principle of Equity , that is , the members ^ nd nonmem bors both shiU-iug the profits , which idea originated with William Sanderson , an excellent working man , whom he knew well . Has been in exis tence seven or eight years . Has six shops , three grocers , a butchers , baker ' s , and corn chandler ' s . Dono business to tho amount of £ 12 , 000 . Has a siuking fund on profits . Does the principal part of its grocery business with the Central Agency , London . ' Mr . Jones further stated the principle of Equity was working with good effects .
Mr . FunNim stated that the Edinburgh Co-operative Society was also working on the principle of Equity . It was started in 1850 . It is also bated on tho principle of Equality , and permits but one share and vote to its members . Is doing £ 15 weekly , and has thirty members . Has lost a great many members through emigration . Is favourable to Enrolment under tae New Act . Deals with tho Central Agency . Feels the want of a Central Executive to give unity and force to tho . Co-operative Movement .
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Mr . Lockb ( Manager and Delegate of tho London Piano forte Makers ) said , they had been getting worse off ever since thoy began . They had been deceived by a provioua master with regard to prices , and found they had been working and selling their goods below the co t Their great want is to get into direct communication with individual customers , instead of being compelled to sell to the wholesale purchasers who get cent , per cent , profit on their sales . Thinks that with the assistance of Vansittart Nealo Esq ., who has lnreely aided them , they may get On 1 ultimately triumph over all obstacles ; they are determined to do o . ::
Mr . Dsson--the delegate from Manchester—reported that the Hatters' Association in ^ thafc plaoe sprang out of the lectures delivered there in 1850 , by Walter Cooper and Lloyd Jones . Walter Cooper gave them the first order and since then thoy have had more work than they could ' do , tbeii- capital being very limited . They have twelve members , and have subscribed £ 57 10 s . themselves . nave been admirably supported by tbo various Associations , and done business with most of them . ' Some of their members have subscribed as much as 5 s . weekly out of their earnings , to meet the want of Capital . From February to Juno , this year , they have done £ 438 . Havo a shop in common with the Working Tailors , who havo thirt y-efohr
members and fourteen employed , and who , from March to July , this year , did £ 217 19 s . 9 d . business . The Tailors also subscribed their own Capital . Agreo admirabl y in tb ir mutual shop , Aro mostly members of the Storo in the Old Garrat-road , which numbers 150 , and deals with tho Central Agency . The Rev . C . K . Paul , a young , fine-hearted , and noblonatured clergyman , who had , for the occasion , constituted himself towti-traveller to the Banbury Plush Weaversb'inging with him show cards of patterns , and being open to take orders—gave a sketch of that Society and its prospects , and entreated all Co-operators to make its existence known , and give it all the support possible .
Mr . Livkset said , the Working Smiths had but just commenced , and he had little to say , save that they were sanguine of success . Mr . Simmons—LondoH Shoemakers—reported that his Association had been rather unfortunate , but was recovering itself , and now doing pretty well . ' They had seventeen men at work and seven women , and paid £ 25 in weekly allowances . Mr . Isham—Working Printers-reported that they wero doing from £ 600 to £ 700 per year . Have six assooiates , and 8 ometime 8 as many as twelve at work . Are working with borrowed Capital , which they pay interest for . Slow but sure .
Mr . Wm . Newton— Deptford Iron Works—reported that tma Association had been at work ten months . It started through a case of cruelty to a working man who had inventoa a maohine . Some working men co-operated to assist the inventor to work the machine for themselves , in . stead of permitting the Capitalist to take it out of their hands , and using it . ns an instrument to cruBh Labour with They have sixty shareholders at £ 5 each , with la . instalments . They were impeded considerably by the Strike in the Iron Trades , but wero going on favourably . ' They have a Factory which was built by tho Working Builders' Asso . ciation , Pimlico . It requires a vast outlay of capital to begin Co-oporation in tho Engineers' Trade , as their tools are so expensive , and their productions requirin g immense outlay of money before there is any return , but he thought thoy would organise victory .
Mr . PicKARD—North London Builders—said they began early in 1850 , and broke up the first time through internal dissensions , and not from want of support , as they divided very large profits when thoy separated . Five of the old members commenced a new association in 1851 , since which time thoy have done botween . £ 4 , 000 and , £ 5 , 000 Tho capital waB furnished b y Vansittart Neale , Esq . The members also subscribe a portion of their earnings , employ from twenty to thirty men , and have a property worth £ 800 . The members deaire to be legalized as provided for by the late act . Mr . Bowbn—City Tailors—reported , that they had eommenced once and failed from want of support . On commenoing tho second time they bid fair to do much better . Are endeavouring toorganizea working-man ' s clothes club Number twenty . fiva membeis .
Mr . MERRiUAN-Portsea Co-operative Store—said they were doine well . The members , who are mostly employed in th" dockyard , have been annoyed by the government officials . They deal with the Contral Agency , and are contemplating a society for producing on their own account . Mr . Hanson , on the part of the Needle Women ' s Association , stated that it had commenced in March 1851 and h * R done work to the amount of £ 1 , 500 . Have employed 131 persons , dumber 362 customers , and have been in . strumental m benefiting the health and condition of many needle women . ' Mr . CRAio-East London Iron Works—reported that their Association commenced with tho assistance of Vansittart Neale , Esq ., who lent thorn £ 400 . Mr . Newton has been of groat assistance to them . Mr . Mustoe is manager . Considers the great desideratum in association is a good manajjor , which they have got . They have from forty to fifty Bubscnbers , and ar «? working under the usual rate of wages on purpose to eivo the principle everv assistance .
Zfi « ° r tF a ' I } theirStacL Th ° y ha ™ a nctt pront of a Thousand Pounds . Mr . WATsoN-London Co-operativo Bakery-said , they espHoially appreciated the benefit of baing legalized , as they %£ ZZ ^\™ * " « - rhe *™ 6 doin * ... J 1 ' - Bra « -D ««» ihorpo Storo-stated , that ho had can- odon the store on his own account for some time , until £ 00 had been subscribed by the working men , sinoe winch time it has been earned on by them . Thoy have fifteen subscriber * and do a weekl y business of £ 15 . They are contemplating tho formation of a Stocking Weaver ' s ABSOCl'l Li OF ) .
., m , J n T ~ Bat A Aasociatinn ofWorking Tailors—Sth t 'f Mtreet , Association began in February 1850 , with £ 350 of borrowod capital ; they have succeeded beyond lo'SnoT ^ nJISn" ?!? . ^ 0118 - Have done a business of f , f \ -rf ' ? ? I have Paid " ack a P ° rtion of tbe Sta I ? k ! f ^ 8 i omis withiQ and without ; but they had weathered them through , and reaped much better than they had sewn . The Association in tho Westminsterroad , had been started to supply working men with low priced goods , and to organise the Slop-workers , bo that they might compete with the Slop-sellers , which they wero doing , at the same time paying tho workers two-thirds more fur tlioir work than is paid by the Sweating Sloptyrants . Aro doing about £ 70 per week , and are well supported by the members of the London Associations . Both Associations have eighteen men at work .
AFTERNOON SITTING . Llotd Jones gave a general and interesting verbal report of the Btate of Co-operation in Sootland , through a great portion of which ho has lately travelled on a tour . It was favourable and cheoring . Tho first question" for consideration was— " As to the propriety of all Co-operative Associations enrolling thesuaehea under the new act " being brought under notice , T . nughes , Esq proposed aad Mr . Merriman Eeconded-1 hat it is desirable that all Associations be enrolled under the act of 15 and 16 Vic , cap . 31 , for equalising the formation of Industrial and Provident Societies . " - Mr . Hughei explained the act and its workings concisely and luminously and pointed out the benefits which Co-operation would derive from it . Messrs . Merriman and Walford supported the viow « of Mr . Hughes , and spoke of the great desirability of the law wr legalising Associations .
J . M . Ludi-ow , Esq . called tho attention of the Conferonoe to the advantage of this act to the Corporative Stores and its superiority to the old Friendly Societies' Act , in tho borrowing of Capital . After some further remarks from various speakers , the resolution was carried unanimously . The Conference ordered a statement to be mado by tho Society , and sent to the various Co-operative bodies throughout tho kingdom , poiutiiig out the advantages of the new act . The second question for consideration was : — "Ag to the extent to which it is desirable that Co operative Associations for similar objects should adopt rules formed oh tho same model . "
Mr . Lloyd Jones said , it was necessary to have unity of action in the movement , and to attain this he would movo the second resolution : — " That it is desirable that Cooperative Societies formed for the same or similar objects , should adopt rules formed on the same model , and that model rules in acdordance with the said aot De prepared and enrolled for the guidance of all Co-operative Stores and Associations who may wish to avoid themselves of tho provisions of the said aet . Seconded by Mr . Foreman , and carried unanimously .
Tho third question , " Whether it should not be a rule for all Co-operative E stablishments to sell all articles exactly for what they are , " induced Borne discussion , and excited some merriment , the question seeming tohin ^ o upon the coffers of that Howard of modern philanthropy , and public benefactor , John Cassel , and what they suouu ) bb sold for ? Job Sutcliffe said , when people said to him why is this cloth , whioh appears thickor and better , cheaper than th s which is thinner and feels poorer ; he honestly told them that , the one was made of devil ' s-dust , and the other of fine wool .
After some further talk the third resolution- " That this Conference entreats all Co-operative Establishments , for the sake of the general good , to sell articles exactly , for what they know them to be , and to abstain as muoh as possible from tho Bale of all artices publicly proven to be adulterated , even if demanded b y their customers "—was drawn up by the Rev . Charles Kingsley . Proposed by Mr . J . StJiCLiFFE , seconded by T . Hcohes , Etq ., and oarried unanimousl y . The next question— "Whether any and what steps can be advantageously taken for the establishment or extension of institutions for the purpose of giving unity and force to the Co-operative Movement "—being entertained by the Conference ,
Mr . Memuman said he thought it was necessary to establish some kind of Central Federative Union or Cooperative Executive to give the necessary foroe and unity whioh the Movement demanded , and as the promoters of the London Associations had shown Buch capacity and honesty of purpose , he thought it could be left to them , as it could not bo placed in bettor hands . He should move that a Sub-Committeo be appointed to draw up a plan . ' J . M . Lodlow , Esq . had received a letter from John Bate £ , of Bury , containing an admirable suggestion , and one well worthy of the attention of the Conference . He read portions of the'letter , in whioh the writer recommended a Co-oporatWe Friendl y Society * somewhat similar to the Odd Fellows ' , which idea , Mr . Liidlow endorsed and urged upon the Conference ' .. Mr . Merriman said , that } t did . not fulfil the idea he pad
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of the institution which was necessary , it wan not a Friendly r « n » ° ^ ; , hey wanted . lie again urged the necessity of a central Co-operative Federal Union . "ev . Chas . Kixoslky .-aid , he was af opinion that a Cooperative Friendly Sooiety was just the thing-it was tho root idea of all Co-oporation . Mr . L . Jones Btrongly supported the same . Wr . Hugues Baid , he had been so impressed with tho i ? m ^ Joun 3 ate 3 tll ! lt ll ° should movo " . resolution a : — inat this Conference strongly recommends tho immediate formation of a Co-op « rative Friendly Society or tt - ? n i t- whicl 1 tner 0 shali bo branches throughout tho n T 1 "n"dora . to embrace the usual purposes of tho oenent Snoiet , i < jS . " Mr . FonEMAN urged tho fact that a great many of tbo present Go-operators wero already members of Benefit Societies , which would militate against the success of such a scheme ;
Mr . Huoiies said , they \ yeve working for tho futuro more than the present—for tho next generation riioro than this—and if they were to be deterred for siieh reasons they might never begin to link tho Co-oper ' adve together , it ' ^ RAIa W ! ls opposed to it being a Society for relief to those who wero out of work . He thought tho time had gone by when they should offer a premium to idleness . Ha thought tho endeavours of such a Society should bo directed to find its unemployed merabors reproductive labour , and not keep them as paupers , Mr . Livesky stated , that with the Society to which ho belonged they had had two rates of assistance for the unemployed members , and they always had a great mauy more out of work when the relief was IO 3 , weekly , than when it was 83 .
Mr . Newton replied warmly , and nobly vindicated tho character of those working men ho knew , from what ho considered an aspersion . During tho late Strike in the Iron Trade he had known men to work for half-price , and , indeed , without any remuneration for their labour , rather than walk tho streets idle . The resolution was carried unanimously . Mr . Mebriman moved : — " That tho Conference should ndjourn till Tuesday morning at nine o ' olock . " Carried , The Conference then separated for TIIE FESTIVAL . It has long been the intention of tho Working Tailovs to celebrate their success in Association , upon a scale worthy 01 the subjeot of congratulation , but hitherto they havo been prevented , chiefly through the want of a Hall to hold
it in . They made one attempt in the St . Martin ' s Hall , which was most miserable—most melancholy—and which determined them to attempt no other until they could tako Jt into their own hands , and rojoico in a Co-operative nail . Through the kindness of the London Promoters tho Asbooiations have now a nail of their own , capable of seating from four to five hundred persons , well built , ventilated , and lighted . And on this , the occasion of its opening , and the realisation of the concentrated spirit of numerous uncekoraJeci anniversaries—it was a splendid Bocial gathering . There wero clergymen and members of parliament , tnon of fortune and working men , Fronch Refugees , and Literary Celebrities—all mingling together and exchanging fraternal
greetings on the ground of their common Humanity . And as Walter Cooper remarked , one could not tell which wa ' sJ the working man and which was not , the appearance was ! bo equable , and the feeling so fraternal . Dame Nature gav e * the assembly a sweet sprinkling of grace and beauty in & pretty portion of her fairer creation , and altogether it was a sight to do one ' s eyes good , and make one ' s heart happy . Not the least interesting feature was to bo found in a capital tea—provided and served up by associates in admirablo profusion . We should imagine that between 600 and COO persons partook of tea . After thi > tables had been cleared , and the Hall well filled with friends , tho R ; v . F . D . Maurice was chosen to fill the chair .
Numerous letters of gratnlation and apology had bedn received , but the audience were only too eager to henr those ? who weve present , they determining not to bo bored with " the communications of those who were not , so they were not read . 'Che Uev . F , D . Maurice , in opening the proceedings fliid : We were come together on the common ground , and with the feeling that we wero sons of the same father , and brothers in the same human family . There were two reasons why we had not met earlier ; the one wae , because ilia Builders had not finished the Hall earlier ; ttie other was , because they wished the hurry and bother of tho Elections ' to be over . The Elections with their froth and foam , toil and turmoil were now over , and after what had been spouted at lhe Uastiogs , it was pleasant to meet together , to go deeper , draw nearer , and to learn something better . As a
result of the Elections which more immediately concerns ns , we have some friends returned to Parliament which is a subject for congratulation ; there were al ; o other of our friends who have not been returned . With regard to the success uf the . Co-operative Movement , we have met with some failures , as who have not ? but , we still work on and believe in cur cau * c . He thought the Report of the Society was rather too hard upon them . He Baw more raauer for rejoicing than , perhaps , tbe writer did . It was their duty to state all errors and failures fearlessly , so that they might be seen and made the stepping-stones to future success . But , let us not forget that success was not according to our efforts " alone , there was something higher than that ! We were met to-night to celebrate a success in the Act for legalising the Association , lie was not surrounded by'the members of the late government and House ol Commons , of which he was very glad , er be should say—This was their only Act for
which they would be gratefnlly remembered . 1 his was a subject of congratulation as much for those who were not present as for those who were ; as much for those Members of Parliament as for the Working Men . This Act ia a sign that they are learning their i . osition with regard to the Labour question , and dare not longer inflict such crying evil on the Working Man . Thoy were , in fact , beginning to recognize that all men were brothers . But we must not trust ! o the Act alone for future success . I know how easy and yet how hard it is for men in my position , surrounded with the comforts of life , to talk to you , the Working Men , of self-sacrifice , whose lives are a continued sacrifice , and yet it is so necessary , 80 very essential . I see men of the U (» per classes daily becoming mere animals for the lack of this glorious principle . It is pleasant for me to meet you in this hall . After many endeavours to find a place elsewhere ,
we have been compelled to come here at last , to the placo where the first start was made , and the banner of Co-operative Association was unfurled . To the place where Work was first really commenced . I see a sign in this of divino significance We were intended to work , and I have no business to be talking only for the sake of work . It teaches us that we should be working men or nothing . Not that I believe this Co-operative Movement was meant for toil and nothing else . This Hall should give them a place for Education , and afford substitutes for the abominable trash which is offered to the Working Ctas of this Metropolis . We are not such bigots as some persons suppose us to be , we do not want men to work , with nothing else than work ; we want them to enjoy
themselves with , rational recreation . I should have felt that I had no place in tho movement if I did not believe it to have the highest of purposes in man ' s enfranchisement , I believe , this Co-operation to be bound up with the whole interests and future of Humanity , and that it i 3 tbe sacred duty of all to assist its progress . The workers in Co-operation ate carrying on a strife with the greatest evils which afflict Humanity , and One that willrequire the help of all . —Great cheering . Mr . Maurice intimated that he was compelled reluctantly to leave the meeting . lie was requested to hear the following Address read , with which was presented a handsome silver Inkstand and golden Pen holder , value thirty-one guineas , as an offering of esteem and affection from the Members of the London Associations .
TO TUB REV . FREDERICK MAURICE DENNISON , PRESIDENT OP THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING WORKING MENS A 3 . SOCUTIONS . Ret . and Respected Sib , We , the Members of tbe Working Mena' Association , hog to ex . prees our grateful sense of the important services wliich you havo rendered in our behalf , in stepping out from the class to which you belong , and going beyond the performance of mere routine professional duties , mixing freely with working men , without regard to their differences of opinion , treating them Hi brethren , children of the same common Father , presiding ever their Conferences , instructing them by your extensive information , sound judgment , and trua Catholicity of feeling , and in their exertions to i iprovc ttieiit temporal condition by means of Association , aiding them by your
influence , help , and guidance , at all times pointing out the moral principles of action by which atone such societies can become suc - cessful . We are fully aware that in doing so you have been subjected to much misrepresentation , reproach , and obloquy , from which even your high personal worth and tho eminent services you have rendered to the ' ebuveh , of which you are so distinguished a member and no bright an ornament , could not altagether protect you . We trust , however , 'hat ir may be some satisfaction for you to know , that those for whom you have thus devotedly laboured are not insensible t <> your noble and generous exertions ; that they ap . preciate the Christian dutie- an 1 graceB developed in your life and conduct , and hope that you will receive the expression of respect and gratitude which they now offer with fervent prayers for your long-continued health and happiness .
Signed , on behalf ol the Association this 26 th day of July , 18 W , Walter Coopeb . Thomas Shorter , Jorepii Pickaed . Richard Isham . Barnabas Jennings . John Locke , John Simmons . John Mustoe . The Rev . Prbbidbkt was much affected at so unexpected a testimonial . The tones of voice in which ho replied , told more than words what he felt . At this stage of the proceedings our pencil heing done up , and there being no moans provided for writing , wo were unablo to go on with our report , being wedged in the centre of a crowd which had ' not muoh respect for the Pbbss . Wo must , therefore , write from memory . > The Rev . Mr . Hans mid having heeh elected to the chair , . Mr . Lloyd Jones- proposed the first-sentiment as follows " Association in trade and industry ' - ^ May those who are
engaged in practioally carrying out this principle , be actuated in their endeavours by a brotherly and Christian spirit , eeoking not only the improvement of thoir own condition , but , the moral and social elevation of all who are depend * ent upon labour for their support . " Tho speaker said he appreciated to the full the nobler field of co-operation : to work in , and the efforts to unite the interests of capital and labour , but , there was much boyond that . Co-operation was but af means or machinery , with which they might de » vclopc the principle of fraternity and form a bond of brotherhood . The speaker spoko hopefully of-the .-spread of co-operation throughout England and Scotland—more e ;« peoeially in the form of stores—but it wanted a concerted action . Co operation wanted gathering up and a bond of unity . Mr . Jones explained tho immense superiority of co-operation over competition , and ' saiJ ho was quite sura that if the working claBsestook up co-operation in a true spirit , and in the light of a higher knowledge , they had , in their bands a power by which thoy could work ou : thoir entire enfranchisement .
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GUIDE TO THE LEOTURE-ROOM . literary Institution , John-street , Fifzroy-s ^ uare . ——August 1 st 17 * 1 Robert Cooper Popular Theology . ' Hall of Science , City-road . _ Au . lst ( 7 J ) , 6 . J . Ho ^ yoake , Breakin f Down of Iteligious Influences . ' IIat " onal H , U . 242 , High Holborn .-Aug . 1 st ( 8 ) , P . W . Perfitt , 'i Miaftastitulion , Charles street , Old Garratt , Manchester .-Aujf . 1 st fll am . ) , Discussson , ( 7 p . m . ) a Lecture . Citv Forum Coffee House , 60 , Kedcross-street-Every Sunday , Monday , and Thursday , ( 8 J ) , a Lecture . Commercial Hall ; rbilpot street , Co nmerc 1 al . road-east--Thto . lodcal Discussions ever / Sunday morning ( 11 ) , Sunday evening ( 7 ) , Tuesdav ( 8 ) , Thursday ( 8 ) , and Saturday ( 8 ) . Pr 5 e&tnall , Chwpside , Leeds , A « g . 1 st («« , a Lecture Temperance Star H-itel , Swan-street , Unggate , Leeds .- £ very W Workuw Men ' s Acao ^ myNdgar-street , Preston—Lecture every Sunday at 10 } a . m . —Discussion every Sunday evening .
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NATIONAL LOAN SOCIETY . A meeting of the members of the above Society was held at the St . George Coffee-house , Barbican , on Wednesday evening , July 28 th , Mr . Hampton in tbe chnir , when the following resolution was unanimously adopted : — "That the Treasurer boi eqnested to write to Mr Wheeler , desiring him to attend the next mectingandproducehis books . " After the transaction of other general business tho meeting adjourned to Thursday next , August oth , when tho attendance of every subscriber in the society is particularly requested on business of importance .
Democratic £Tobements.
democratic £ Tobements .
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. fcKE 31 > 1852 ^ , ,, „ . THE STAR OF FREEDOM . the flWirtfl = ~ Tr 7 ^^ Zr ^ 7 ^ rT == T ?^^ M . J . J . ^ - * L—
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 31, 1852, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1689/page/5/
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