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TO MB . O-MALLEY , OF THE DUBLIN CHABTIST ASSOCIATION . jp peab O-Maii ^ t , —In my tiro preoeding _^ j jjjye shown that » o far from the Repeal and ^ Lj ltbe Ajitation being strengthened , it has prol ^ ff iT lost ground , year after year , from 1833 to the P ** L mom Eiit ; and now , before I come to a conai-^^ j of the re spective prospects of the two conn-ST frisn their respective mode * of advocating the *~* \ ^ freedom , let me , for a moment , direct yonr ^ Sion to the new figure placed on the wall of the \ 7 * lL _ " Compensation for Tenants . " * fl » , O'Malley , mark , " Compensation for Tenants ;" « sd . obse rr-e , thai " Qne ° ' t * le boons to be gained by ftgp&i of the Union , and one which Mr . O'Connell _ jjg always had in his eye , bat -which he nerer T ^ ed to the people till the old painting wanted ^ gjusg from the dirty acres .
jlje cuckoo err of " Oh , glory be to God , - " coupled . « ! yjg persecution of the trades and reckless Toting vu of money to rapport a useless set of lumber , has rtpgnsd the eyes of the trades , the artisans , and the torn ' folk generally , and poor Paddy from Cork ; must h » T 6 value in his own staple for his own aoney . He inoin nothing about Trades Unions , supplies , and jj ^ jj manufacture ; but he does understand rent ; and tin qaestiffli of rent and compensation being at all menu oasd , and com pensation being a word -which not one tgjjjaj in one hundred -will understand , the whole -adsinery will be worked upon the single piTot , rent "
Sq -v , I understand the Irish country people much Vgg ^ than Mr . O'Connell does , and the manner in rtid ! Wsh fanntrs Trill be taught to understand this MY project is this : that they are all to hare the land f otM > aiin « , if they only back Dan . That will be their nmlorrtaw ^* g ° ^ the question . Bat , now , let us consider it as a means to an end . ¥ , & , observe , it is to be one of the results from RepaL bat his been prematurely used as a means of profagu fee Repeal Here then , again , we come to the
juol power , and the parties upon whom it is to be OBJ—toe House of Commons ; and I ask you , could gg BJod of man hate devised any question more likely to iffiaght & House of Landlords out of their Tery wits , 2 aa the Tery ens which this " pracacal" gentleman Jajprcjcstd is a tp <* " to enlist tbeir support ? Sorely lu k aot a fool 1 but having asked for petitions t » the Bjbjb of Commons in favour of Repeal , and hiring dexnasei physical force , he must be a rogue or a mod au , to create alarm upon the most tender point in the w& of those Tery persons to whom he appeals .
jftnr , O'Maliey , I will distinctly show yon two farts . fjjR , » n English House of Landlords neTer would iceede to toe naked proposition of being compelled U gn eoaspeosition ; and , secondly , they nerer will rote fatfcs establishment cf a rival House in Ireland , one of iiose first acts promises to be a precedent for inter-{ aecee with their darling privilege of " doing what they Wat wia Star own . " An English House , then , will be bjjkiened by tbe proposition , while an Irish House of Caamons , returned by ¥ niTersal Suffrage , would , 1 rmijtxi for it , render the schema wholly unnecessary ;
B& , etaare , mj mend , by Universal Suffrage alone , t 21 Ireland eTer get a Repeal of the Union ; and , as the xtosi zealous , consistent , and sincere Repealer in Ireland , I bj God forbid she eTer should . One aristocracy , and one eocrt , * ni one oligarchy , and one royal tail is quite ooojh for the united beggars to support . Believe me , 2 a : m Irish Parliament chosen by a middle class conuie&cj Yould hire its mimic Court , its Deputy King , iareyal miaiature set in diamonds and precious stones . Te lave already had » sxmple , from 1752 te 15 * 0 , d the ap&rity of Irish patriots in emptying an exdtgnsr . IteEyo ^ O'iiilley , that Billy Pitt complained to Emde « f mine , Lord Longueiille , and to many other jesoM , that the deril himself wouldn't satisfy an Irish Hocse of Commons wit money and patronage . Compensation , then , is a means of impeding Repeal ; Bd Bepeal , with Universal Suffrage , would render the banbn * unnecessary . Therefore , O'Malley , doing Mr . ODcodl the justice to suppose that he knows what he ii abaci , I haye n » hesitation in saying that he tas jmmirrrEiy raised this question with the single inten-&a of persuading Irclani that the great strength liidj he expects from this new source will jnetitj &JiT mta U shall hsTe been " practically * ' marshalled . Is ftct , that it is another stab in the side of Repe&L
o-XsHsj , " take this with you , " as we say in Ireled , jmi thiak OTer it Repeal sf the Union , without rETss&i Sa&age , would be a curse to both countries ; Ed I issere you that if Sir . O'Connell had the casting TCte , he -wottU , to-morroir , xote against an Irish . loose of Commons returned by the people ; and for this Bmple reason—that although Paddy can be hoodwinked J »» by " Sergeant Jackson and Mr . Litton , " " Lord SUBfer and old Blue Beard , " and " our beautiful little , tea littie crayttur of a Qneen , " while he hasn't his eye spaa ifce stop ; yet , if he was in daily communication * Hh his representatiTe , that gentleman would ha-ve to jro v beUer account of himself and his progress , th * n ™ he was driTen from his position by a Scotch fanatic « ai tro orange barristoa .
cnuner , « nan , a true Tord u ^ - ^ ^ ^ . .. 1 Lndj "byciyoinisowl , - my friend Dan was neter more ajist in his H = than when he said that " the Kildare boys -ronld be up aad about the house of a fine morniE 2 , with their short sticks , teaehing the members how to Tote r and - » h 7 t ^ O'Malley ? Oar " lovely young *» B" -roald send her red coats , her "bloody backs , " Tuskee doodle calls them , down to Kildare in a ! tiEtlicg . to teach the Eldare boys how to pay tithes , " net , or poor rates , ot county rates , or any other We *; &ndwbyEt > t the Kildare boys use their moral Bt-gds to teach their members how to Tote for those ^ qusstions , and soldier questions ? besides , tbe ^^ n says that " nothing conrinces like a lick in JM taf , - " and , in good faith , it has been the only « sa era used by the rich for conTincing the .
poor * o » , O'ilalley , take my word tor it that yoa will « w the necessity of bringing this new force into the * w pleaded u an excuse for postponing any discussion 1 ?> Mi the Repeal question this session . J ^ kUey , 1 n ow ceme to a consideration of the Irish r ~ " "dressing grie-raDcas , with its expences , and "J ^ ah mode , with its expences . J ^» d , since : S 32 , has subscribed hundreds of thou-, . . P 01111 ^ to redress her grierances : she has had ' S ** f * ***** Associaaoa , gl&ughter aftex ' slaughter ; ^^ lUth eormae , Wallstown , Carrickshock , and ^ ttfll ot eases of single murders ; she has had her fe ^ ' ^ tepeal martyrs , her election martyrs ,-m Ud her clearances , her oostings , her distrainl — "viwauvM , AICi VUALiU ^ Oj JJ . CT LLLBbXIUXI '
^ tef traasporutions , her weeping , her wailing , her rf ~* £ f ieeth ; she has had the largest number ef ^^ J ' Pitriots" erer sent to any legisiatiTe assembly , t « y bare had better bick than any men fasTe eTei ^^ 3 ^ 7 hsre had their every demand ^ P J ^ h onc > nred , whether I or money or signatures—> j ^^» or displays—for excitement or for tem-^*~ ee —*<* withholding of tithes or paying > O . ^^ men ta ^ e been returned—their + tiis T * % b 6 « dignified with titles , and re-^^ » itJj piaceg . tj ^ jj men haTe ^ jj . ^^ a » hole , the sole , the only majority of J ^^ . or the last seren years ; therefore , when the fei hT ^ 0 Uler Ubeal ^^^ PaP ^ np braid Minis-^ tteeeosorefeiu upon those who compose the sole MiDi
J ^ Jf f" = t « n . O'MaUey , I eTer contended , ^ * rer shsU tsontead , that but for O"C « nnell and his ijjT- ^ og tail , -irho rendered all respect for public ^ iiaflscessary , the Whigs would hare done ten ^ r ™ more for the country than he would ( B * ° ™ - * oiat out one asssalt which they ns , Te J ^^ pon liberty , and I will nodtrtake to prove ^ f « ion o £ lades- Unions—OXk ) nneD ; 2 JB « « Ca ^ da-o-Camell ; fioa »* r * C ° Cha < i « B-O < ConneU ; te of the AppropriaBon Cbmse—O'Connell ; r ^ l ^ w-O-CofflwH ; ^ T t" * J ^ oseention by
Attorney-General—O'Con-^ msBm ^ O-ConneD . r ^» a Coercion Bm—O'CotmeU ^ n of 20 t , Tithe into 25 s . Ren ^ O'OonneU ; B-Z 7 ~! TaBfi * » Royal Wage * - O-CoimeU ; ^ ta Vo t ^ n iji Money fto « tlon ,, « d on the **• h » TB , l ^ ? Qmi on haadreds of " patriots - Wst cstJ VUe& 1 ' tiUes ' ^ P ^« ion *; on you *** kd ob / J ** B 5 n 8 lB J > Qat ffiBa ^ has been « w » - w « r the national fima forloBses rosUinedin
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the national stm ^ gle ? Not one single one . Can you point out the one single Instance in which the farmers , or labouring classes of Ireland hare been benefltted ? Not one single one , I defy you . Can you point ont a single martyr who has had his attorney ' s bill of costs paid ? Not one . Can yon point out a real working man who has been benefltted , « r at all consulted ? Then , I ask you whether yours has been even-handed , er onesided " patriotism 1 " How much nearer is Ireland now to the attainment of her promised end , than she was in 1832 ? Immeasurably removed from tke winning post , while the
whole period has been spent in rough-riding and bullying the brare and manly Irish ; in making them listen to the denunciation of men who risked life and liberty in a struggle - for their liberty ; in the inculcation ef the damnable doctrine that suffering in this world will lead to happlnes in the next ; in the establishment of the strongest basis of deTil-craft , king-craft , priest-craft , and witch-craft , namely , that passiTe obedience , e-ven to unjiist authority , becomes a part of a Christian ' s duty . In short , the last ten years , and the next fire years , of Ireland ' s history may be briefly written in the following words : —
"Itaring this period Irish opinion was sold at the Corn Exchange , in Dnblin , by samples , just aa any other commodity , while the nation was literally tickled into admiration of its own subserriency . Ireland , however , as if by magic , appeared stung to the heart by her supineness and degradation , and with one gigantic effort achieved that freedom which no power csn long withhold when a whole people wills its accomplishment This spirit of independence was infused
into drowsy Ireland , by the manly and patristic exertions ef our forefathers , who , about that time , assumed the name of Chartists , and to whose indomitable courage and perseverance both countries owe the present proud and commanding position which they occupy in the es'jm&tion of all nations , and to whose justice we are indebted for the mild yet powerful constitution , which renders us great at home and commanding abroad .
" "We read , in ' CVConnoT ' s history of the Convention and its consequences , " of the fact of 431 of those brave men being consigned to felons' prisons at the same time , or periods varyingfromtwelvemonthstofouryMin ' , and many ef them compelled to submit t « a species of labour most degrading , but now unknown . Some , -we learn , died in prison , while few recovered the effects of the barbarous treatment to which they were subjected ; the Marquis of Normanby , who was then principal Secretary of State for the Home Department , —( but who was subsequently transported for life , )—having issued
instructions for the treatment of Chartist prisoners at variance with the gaol rules then in existence for the worst description of felons . We read these facts in * O'Connor ' s history of the | Convention , written daring an imprisonment of eighteen months , which he suffered in solitary confinement , in a felon ' s cell , in Tori CasUe , ' the same in -which the Marquis of Nornianby , Lord John Russell , and a person ot the name ot Fox Manle , an ncder-strapper to the Marquis , were imprisoned in three years after , prior to being removed to the Hulks .
" From this interesting-worsrwealso learn the gig&ntic difitnlties with which the Chartist * had t « contend , owing to the treachery of some of their own leaders , which , however , was always successfully overcome by the people themselves , and in every such instance , the traitors * beat exertions failed in again procuring for them the least confidence from the people ; and to this striking fact O'Connor ascribes the very few desertions from the Chartist ranks ; his words are— ' In fact ,
when desertion was found to be profitless , like all other trades , it -was speedilj- abandoned . * The first experiments were made tinder the impression that the people , like sheep in a fold , wonld follow the leader who made a successful breach ; but the enemy , finding that they bought a shepherd without a fL-ck , a dog without a tail , ( as , in no single instance did a deserter take even a companion with him , ) thought they had paid too dear for their whistle , and , therefore , abandoned the pursuit as hopeleBg . "
I give jou the fon > going , my countryman , as a breath from that soul which I hope to leave as a record to rest in the archives of my father-land , when my spirit shall have flsd to that great God who has imposed upon me the earthly daty of doing unto others as I think , under similar circumstances , others should do unto me . O'JIalley , I look for two lives ; that whieh I now enjoy to be devoted to the poor , in order to insure for me a rich inheritance hereafter . My friend , the deeds of great men have a wonderful effect upon me ; nor do I require that they should shine through the rust of many dark ages to recommend them . . 1 can admire a living Mathew , and the scarcely
cold Doyle . Tea , my friend , when I sat in his chair , tbe host of the Rev . Mr . Rafferfcy , in the room in which his' soul was so often poured ont on behalf of his suffering and oppressed countrymen , his spirit commanded me , and for themoxaent J lost all self-possession . I recollected the imperishable words which he eDgraved upon every Irish heart , and I swore to obey them . '' My haired HOies shall be as lasting as my love of justice , " said the immortal hero , before tbe House ot Peers . had equal pleasure in risking that which had been the abode of the
immortal Doyle , &s I should have in visiting the retreat of Petrarch at Vsnclnse , so endeared by antiquity , and so famed for the devotion he so long cherished and so sveetly recorded for his Laura . Petrarch's light was distinguished as a solitary lamp that burns in a dark chamber . Doyle ' s was as a torch , bril li ant even in the noon-day sun . Petrarch loved solitude , because it gave him liberty . Doyle loved liberty , because it would mate hia country free . If Doyle had lived in the l-tth century , he would have been a patriot ; if Petrarch had lived in the nineteenth he would have been a SPOOXET . O'Malley , 1 loek upon Dr . Doyle and the Rev . Mr . Mathew as two of the greatest patriots Ireland has had for many years . My admiration of Dr . Doyle is founded upon his pure love of liberty ; my admiration of Mathew is founded upon bis pure love of justice , and his love of justice is established by his desire to appeal from Philip Drunk to Philip Sober . If he had attached other conditions than self-possession , self-exaltation , self-esteem , and power of self-defence to TeetoLalLsm , I should have looked upon him as a new quack ; bat , having healed the sick that ha mar use his renewed strength for his own benefit , and walk alone without crutches , I honour him as a great State Physician .
O'Malley , as an Irishman , yon will pardon all this digression . I am very fond of speaking sad thinking of xay good countrymen . Well , now , I have disposed of tbe question of Compensation , whieh the Tenant of Straw is to extract from the Landlord of Steel , and , before we part , at this point , just think , O'Malley , how foolish , bow roguish , how rascally , how mischievous to endeavour to persuade tie tenantry of an agricultural country , where competition for land raises it much beyond its real value , that any such power can be acquired from men who , unfortunately , cer tainly , can " de what they like with their own . " Now , how foolish , to think that a landlord who can let his land , or let it alone , will be forced to give compensation for any monies expended during the occupation of his tenant . Let us test its " practicability , "—that ' s the slany word
now . Firstly , then , the Terj agitation of the question will make landlords more exact and tyrannical ; and , secondly , let us see where npon a laadlord it might operate unjustly . Snppose a poor honest man to aave a little property of hi * own , and suppose a rich man to take a fancy to it , and that the poor man is reconciled to part with it for a short period fora tempting offer , and , that daring his lease , be , tbe rich tenant , expends so much as to preclude tbe possibility of the poor man ever re-possessing himself , from his inability to pay the required compensation for baths , or pleasure grounds , or Urge arming establishment , or so forth .
But , O . gay the " patriots , " it shall be defined . I define it by a lease for ever , at a com rent , Which leave * the tenant compensation in bia every day ' s labour . If there is any one thing in the world mote farcical than another , O'Malley , it is that of contracting to pay an equal amount of rent each and every year for ninetynine years , -or even twenty-one years , without reference to the price of corn or other produce . In fact , a Leeds clothier may just u well tell a piece of cloth , and say , you shall pay whatever a similararttcle fetches when I or my executors shall call for the cash , within ninety-nine years . If "UniTeraJ Suffrage waa too great a mouthful for the Corn Law Repealers to swallow all at once , they
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should , at all events , have protected the existing tenants and their successors against the tyranny of landlords , by making the current corn price the standard rent price of land ; but they have-not offered the poor tenants any accompanying measure as security against the rapacity of broken-down over mortgaged landlords , who would bold them to the old bargain , as said before , as long &s a goose remained . O'Malley , the expence at which humbug agitation has been kept up in Ireland , requires no comment t and now t come to a consideration of English agitation , and its expence .
Every power that is arrayed in favour of Irish agitation is marshalled in deadly hostility against English agitation ; and the very fact of those powers being composed of the mighty , of the wealthy and the privileged because the represented of all classes , against the right of the poor and unprivileged because the unrepresented of all classes , would , at once , and without a word in explanation , test the value of the respective ends sought by the respective parties . In Ireland you have with you royal toleration , ministerial neutrality , aristocratic snp ^ rt , middle-class influence , newspaper pliancy , and the use of a whole population , whenever called npon , no matter if to-day for Repeal as the only thing , and to-morro-v for " Sown with Jackson and Litton , " as a still greater thing . Added to this you have the columns of the imperial press for and
against you , the latter being your best friends from thsir stupid desire to please advertisers ; but no matter ; you get , even from the enemy , just what you wantpublicity , while we cannot purchase it at any price . Why Is this ? Because Irish agitation is a blind to secure power In the hands of the aristocracy and middle classes , and which is not therefore dreaded by their organs as likely to poison the public mind ; while English agitation is based npon a principle which must ultimately throw the balance of power into the hands of those who are whimsically called " the legitimate source of all power , " and yet have not even the power of complaining without the danger of ceerclon ; and it is therefore only seen in the columns of the press in connection with some violence , outbreak , disgraceful proceeding , and so forth , all of which is charged on the Chartists , but should be charged on the enemy .
Now , my friend , what is most valuable in apublic man 1 In Ireland , have we not an old saying , " What is any mun but hu word ? " Well , then , if , in the private transactions of life , the observance of a promise is a virtue , of how much more value does it become , ( if we can measure virtue by a graduated scale of excellence ) when applied to the public man in whom thousands may repose confidence , and the betrayal of whose word may lead thousands into trouble , disappointment , and error ? In Irel » nd , since 1835 , you have had scores of Associations , scores of principles , stores of details , ssores of plans , schemes , and tricks , and to each and all was attached the never-failing thing , called " means under the title . "— " rent" and collection .
In England , the people have had since that time one principle from which they have never budged , through persecution and prosecution , a single hair ' s breadth In England , we have had arrayed against us all the second ary influence of " our beloved and beautiful Queen , " in the shape of a court ; we have had the Lords , the Commons , tiie Judges , the jurors , the law officers , the middle classes , the army , the navy , the secret service fund , tbe magistrates , the spies , the informers , the traitors , the real enemies and shim friends , and the imperial press ; all , all against us , with the one solitary exception of the Northern Star .
Again , we have had the subdivision of those classes into sectional squadrons , advocating the most enticing questions , in the h pe of catching all the people npon some one or other of their many hooks ; and to each and all of which tho peop ' e would have subscribed had they beja coavinced that the object of tue several demagogues was attainable without the great organic change in the representative system for which they lo « k .
The people object to slavery in every shape ; but , in order to prevent a spurious agitation upon the subject , damaging the means of its complete and entire abolition , they are compelled to bear tue name of lovers of slavery ; so with the Corn Laws , which they mortally hate ; bo with knowledge , which they fondly love and greedily search for . Emigration they oppose , because it is force , unjuat force , of a people from their fatherl and , through degradation brought about by ciasa legislation .
You seo fonr hundred and thirty-one of the seasoned and trusted leaders of the people thrown at once into dungeons , and every device ef which art is master used to supply their plsce with less honest and less zealous men , resiBtad by substitutes whom necessity has created and supplied , as if by magic , and not a whit less efficient than those who have been removed . Such , then , is our agitation ; a principle , a plain , dear , defined principle , at which no apprenticeship need be served to teach the trade . A . falls off to-day—B . supplies his place tomorrow ; while , in Ireland , so mysterious is yoar trade that , Uke away the master
today , and to-morrow not a single oue , not even a foreman , has been taught bow to cut out . Having no principle , you should ail set up toy-shops on your own account . Our work consists of a single dress for nature ' s children , cut out according to nature ' s unerring rules and principles , and which every Chartist workman can put together . Yours is a kind of fancy-work , cut out by the great Master of Arts , in zigzag fashioa j the pieces only given out acc 3 rding to one man ' s will , aad none to be put together till all are distributed ; and ,
as he alters his fashion according to order , if he died to-morrow , what you h 3 ve got of your work would but confound you in your progress . In fact , of your Repeal dress , after nine yean , you havo got but the buttons to your coat—there is neither back , front , nor sleaves ; yon have got no trousers to your straps . But your tithe suit is complete ; you have got a five shilling cape thrown over your old twenty-shilling suit ; while of "the rippling stream , the green valleys , the verdant hills , and cloud-capped mountains , " you have got but the landscape .
Iris * agitation , then , has had every thing , and almost every body , in its favour—and has done worse than nothing . English agit « ion has had everybody , and everything , but the very honest opposed to it , —and it has stood the bmnt of battle ; its front unmoved , its flank unturned , its centre undaunted , its reserve undisturbed ; in fact , "tbe Star and the people , against the world in
arms ; " and while Irish expence for doing mischief has been scores of thousands within the year ; our cause , for the last fifteen months , after defending over three hundred prisoners , supporting their families , and when our next Convention shall have been paid , will be short of £ l , « 00 ; that is all the expences since the Monmouth Special Commission . None of our men have been undefended . I , this day , paid for Counsel for Foden , the last of the Chartists , who is to be tried to-morrow , and who , although he means to plead guilty in the hope of mercy , I am resolved shall not be without counsel , leaving tbe impression that , although a stray sheep , be has been deserted in tbe hour of need . He has had his choice , solicitor and counsel ; I offered him two , or as many as he liked , to be paid by the Irish traitor in a felon ' s cell .
That ' s the way to make & party , O'Malley . Stand by yonr poorest man to the last . Give what yon can to all and take from none . Let principle be your idol , and man your honourably used means for working it . 0 'MaHeY . the terms " traitor" and " patriot" are most whimsically used . I know of no treason , but treason against the happiness of the people . I know of no patriotism , but love of man and love of justice . , If a never ceasing wish , an anxious desire to see our own Parliament sitting in out own capital , in our own kingdom , legislating for » nr own people , be treason , then am I a traitor . If fond affection for the land
of my birth , preference for that society in which I grew from childhood to manhood , sad a longing desire that my bones may rest with them in our common fatherland , be patriotism , then am I a patriot . But if my love of tbe human specie * would induce me to resist my country in an attempt t « forge fetters for herself or others , and to oppose decrees made only for fractions of her people , then am I a philanthropist , which , in my mind , is the highest order of patriotism . O'Malley , a patriot can seldom be judged daring life . He must die for Ms reward . I believe the signs of patriotism to be a consistent , frugal , honourable fife , devoted to your country ' s cause ; no legacy duty , and a poor funeral . Of all these , I am pretty sure . However , come what will , no man , who has ever lived before me , has ever felt a more sincere desire in the accomplishment of his prin ci ple * than I have done
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I -would not , so help me God , see a village meeting of Chartiats defeated by the enemy for £ l , 00 » . , 1 would not impede their cause for untold gold . I would net sell it for my life . I am , O ' Malley , Your faithful friend and countryman , FEARGUS O'CONNOR .
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THE CHARTIST TRICKSTERS . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHRBN STAB . Sm , —From the above heading , you and your name * rqas readers , may be led to Buppose that I am going to " run a-muck and tilt" at the whole Chartist host If so , you are strangely mistaken : I onjy use the terrn " Chartist , " in connection with those on whose proceed ings I intend briefly to animadvert , bacause the Tricksters have the effrontery to apply it to themselves , or rather retain it , when they have forfeited every particle of claim to that honourable appellation .
In ancient times it wng truly aaid , " They are not all Israel that are called Israel , " and , with equal truth we can now say , they are uot all Chartists who are called Chartists . Hypocrisy , deceit , and treachery are not nonentities in the political world , and it is as necessary to keep a vigilant eye upon our professed friends as upon our avowed enemies , and the public exposure of the acts of false friends is , in my opinion , as much calculated to subserve our cause as keeping up an incessant fire on the citadel of corruption . In short , I view those canting , turning , twisting , scheming , tramping , novelty-mongers in the guise of Chartists , as the best allies of despotism , and I unhesitatingly pronounca
them ( though not without much watchfulness and consideration ) to be spies from the enemy ' s camp . It is dangerous to mince the matter ; we are now in a peculiar position , and , therefore , regardless Of the censure of self-dubbed patriots and too-conflding Chartists , * I pronounce the new project propounded by Lovett and others , as the infernal machine , invented by O'Connell , Hume , Roebuck and others , of that treacherous « 2 tgue , to destroy , if possible , the growing spirit of freedom . But what will be the result ? Why , the machine will burst—Chartism will remain unscathed and the journeymen assnsBins will meet with their deserta— an ignominious political death .
I have long thought , Sir , that the Chartist tree required a little pruning . Many excrescences have grown thereon , and perhaps the infernal machine will very speedily be seen to possess one good property—it may , nay , I verily believe It will , prove a pruning knife , and will lop eff these excrescences , after which the tree will more abundantly flourish to the joy of every sterling patriot , and the chagrin of every idle , spouting pseudo-Chartist The document which has called forth these remarks ,
is a tissue of £ aL > eho » d , cant , contradiction , arrogance , and wildness ; and it unquestionably smackB very much of jobbing , in addition to its burking character . These are so conspicuously engraven on its front as to ueed no comment whatever , and every working man , with half an eye , will see through the whole affair . It is too clumsy , in all its ramifications , to meet with the least countenance from the well-trained portion of our army , and this , I suppose , will soon be shown by the associaations , generally , entering their protest against both it , its concoctors , and its promoters .
Allow me , Sir , before I conclude to tell your readers , or rather remind them , that in the spr ing of 1839 , I attentively watched the movement in all its parts , and I had the impudence to insult the People ' s Parliament , ^ telling that body , to their faces , that there was " not more than eight honest men—men ef principle" in that assembly . At that time , and up to the present , I have been pressed to name the men of principle . I refused , because I foresaw that events would give the solution , and moro credence would be given to circumstances ,
than to my words . Some of the M . C . ' s are politically dead , the breath went out of them when the pound per day and the three pound ten shillings per weak departed ; others have laboured to retain soft hands and keep the apron offhand some have found it profitable to blow the Russian horn ; however , 1 now ask the real Chartists to examine the accounts , and see how the business stands , and don't forget to note the M . C . ' s who may append their names to the " bran new" plan . After the addition and subtraction , see how many remains . If more than eight—*/ eight , I won't guess
again . Before I lay aside tbe pen , I must confess my astonishment » nd sorrow on seeing the name of John Cleave appended to the " New Scheme . " I know him to be upright , and one who has hitherto acted with discretion , at least , so far as I have seen hia political career . I cannot but think he has baeu imposed upon by some wily knave , and ere long , I expect to see him retrace his steps , and pursue the course he has been wont to do . If not , I shall be greatly and painfully deceived . Yours truly , William Ridbb . Z ^ eds , April 13 th , 1611 .
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METROPOLITAN MEETING A . T WHITE CONDUIT HOUSE , TO ELECT DELEGATES FOR THE NEW CONVENTION .
( Reported by our London Correspondent . ) On Monday last ( Easter Monday , tlie 12 th of April ) , a public meeting of the Chartists of the metropolis was held , pursuant to advertisement , in the large theatre of the above tavern , to elect Delegates for the approaching sitting of tbe "Political Prisoners' Kelease , and People's Charter Convention . " In consequence of a mistake in the advertisement calling the meeting , ( the place of meeting being omitted ) , it was long after the appointed hour ( twelve o ' clock ) before the assembly was sufficiently numerous to commence proceedings ; though , between one and two o ' clock , great numbers arrived , and a very full and earnest assembly testified that- ^ - dosplte of the inconvenient hour , the holiday season , and the winterly weather , ( snow and hail having fallen at short Intervals throughout the morning ) , —they were ready to renew their efforts in favour of their persecuted brethren , and for the obtaining of the Charter .
Mr . Parker ( a working man ) having been , appointed to the chair , opened the business of the day , by stating thaV they had assembled to declare their unalterable attachment to the principles of the People ' s Chatter , and to appoint Delegates to a Convention which was about to sit in London for a fortnight , to s « e what can be done to alleviate the miseries of the men now incarcerated for advocating the cause of the working classes . They ( the meeting ) had been charged with having attended other assemblies for the purpose of putting down , by clamour , all discussion on questi « ns not connected with the Charter ; in reply , to which be would promise , that , if there were any persons present opposed to the principles of the Charter , they should have a fair hearing , and free
discussion . ( Cheers . ) They were determined to make an impression on the legislature of the oountry ; and therefore were about to elect persons in whom they could place confidence , to represent their wants to the legislature , and to devise such means as should accelerate the passing of the Charter into law . ( Loud cheers . ) He would conclude by reminding them , that they , could nit expect working men t « do the people ' s work without being properly paid ;—( hear , hear , )—and in reference to the announcement that the delegates from the country would attend this meeting , he must inform them that since the bills had been issued , it hod been found expedient to change the time , in order that all parts of the country might act with unison and energy . Mr . Parker resumed the chair amid much cheering .
Mr . Balls came forward to move tbe first resolution : — " That the security , peace , and happiness of the people entirely depend upon the interests of all persons being represented , and as such can never be the case until the law admits every person within the pale of the Constitution , we call upon the Legislature toenacs the People ' s Charter , which provides for tho representation of etery adult male , and therefore necessarily provides for every interest being protected . " . He addressed the meeting as bis brothers of the Slave class , because they were not within the pale of the constitution , having no vote in the choice of those who make . the laws , and who accumulate thereby untold riches to themselves , whilst those who have
produced these riches are cast off , and compelled to go into those slaughter-houses , called Union Workhouses . ( Hear , hear . ) There was more humanity exercised in the putting to death of an old worn-out horse , than in the putting to death of an aged or worn-out son . of labour ; for it had been proved , that even in the criminal gaols / the convicted felons received more food than did the inmates of the Union Bastiles . ( Hear , hear . ) In that consistent and unchanging journal , The Times , —( loud laughter)— -it had been shown that in the Bridgewater Union the paupers received only 145 ounces of food per week , while In the Millbank Penitentiary the convicts received 292 ounces , thus giving an advantage to the convicted felon of 147 ounces of food per week over the honest , but
unfortunate pauper . ( Loud cries of " shame" and partial , cheering . ) This was the work of the Poor Law Commission , that cost in the year before last the sum of £ 5 » , 215 « s . 3 d . The Bill which gave these men power was nothing else thin a Bill to cause unfortunate mothers to destroy their own offspring , and to gradually but surely starve off all who were unable to labour . ( Hear , hear . ) But the working classes saw very clearly that neither the Poor Law nor any other bad enactments woul&be repealed till the legislature were made responsible to the people —( loud cheers)—and they were determined peacefully and calmly to agitate till the glorious principles of the People ' s . Charter were engraved tftttie pillars of-the constitution .
( Prolonged cheering . ) : The advocates of these principles have endured within the last three years a more cruel persecution than Was ever , endured by any people ; the middle classes liad . combined with the government , to put them down . Four hundred and forty-five individuals had been consigned to the dungeon by the Juries selected from the middle classes ; but the watchword of the Chartists still contluued to be" freedom . '" and toey would persevere until they * had abolished the system of exclusive legislation , which enabled the idle few to live on the blood , tears , and toil of the enslaved millions . ( Enthusiastic cheering . ) It was gratifying to find that even in Ireland their principles were beginning to be understood , and that the justice of
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their demands was at length recognised by their brother working men in that country . ( Hear , bear . ) Four Charter Associations were now in existence in Ireland . ( Tremendous and loof-coutinaed cheering . ) Yea ! though the" Liberator , " and his Man-Friday , Tom Steele , had used their best efforts to crush Chartism over the water , truth , justice , and right , would still triumph over tyranny , trickery , and duplicity . \ Cheera . ) In conclusion , he would urge them to make one united effort to obtain the release of those who hare boldly stood up to demand the rights which nature and nature ' s Qod have given to all ; and the day could not be far distant when they must triumph over all opposition ; when tbe brand of slavery should be removed , and England , Ireland , and Scotland would be what they ought to be , " great , prosperous , and free . " ( Loud and long continued cheering . )
Mr . Wall rose to second the resolution . They were called upon , ke said , to pledge themselves to persevere in that cause in which they had been so long embarked . Universal Suffrage belonged to the people , according even to the constitution ot the country ; for every man enjoyed the franchise till the reign of that pusillanimous monarch , Henry tbe Fifth ; and until the 25 th of Edward the Third , a Parliament was holdeu every year . As regarded the property qualification there was no such thing till the reign ef Queen Anne , nor was there a Septennial Act till the time of the Georges . ( Loud cbeers . ) The aristocracy , and those who Bupport them , were acting illegally , then , in keeping the franchise from the people ; they will not give them their right to vote , because they wish to keep them as
bondslaves . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Wall then referred to the allegation of ignorance made against the working classes , as an excuse for withholding their political rights ; he had always found , be said , that those who brought this charge are very far leas educated than those who say nothing about it Who were they that judged of a man ' s education ? What was the standard to be with tbe propagators of this education . mania ? Was the mathematician to be denied his right to vote because he was not also a linguist ? That would be not a bit more unjust than the denial of a competent workman the privileges of his calling , because he could not read and write . ( Cheers . ) He would tell them how to get educated : —do away with the blackb—ki , and use that money which is now thrown away upon
fellows who preach a service of two hours a week , in order that they may . enjoy their cigars and champagne , and who yet smile and sneer at the people because they are ignorant . He would like to have some of these gentry before them , and see what their educational qualification was : probably they could read aud write , and that was all . Now he , ( Mr . W . ) would undertake to enable auy man to read and write too in six weeks , and if that was to be the standard , they would not know where to commence or where to end . Some would be for an examination as to the Alexandrian measure of a verse , and others would talk of the Homeric standard ; but it was all preposterous absurdity even to think of it , and until the working classes were
represented as effectually as the other classes , they would hear of nothing else than thirty thousand for national education , and seventy thousand for . royal dog-kennela . ( Cheers . ) There was another source , however , if the Parliament were desirous of educating tue people ; there were charites in this country to tbe tune of six millions annually —( hear , hear ,, —all of which were directed wrongly . Let the people havo their share of that , instead of two or three hundred aristocratic sprigs receiving it all ; let all the people Lave a fair chance , and then that class from which had emanated a galaxy of self-educated talent and genius , would show the aristocracy , in spite of all their tinselled show , that
" A man ' s a man for a * that " Every man was amenable to . all the pains and penalties of the law , and thy advocates of the Charter sought no more than their right to its protection , and to vote for those who make it . ( Cheers . ) Their opponents do not deny the abstract right of every man to tbe franchise , but contend that the people are not prepared for it ; yet the men who thus argue are in general possessed of the least general understanding of any class—( hear , hear)—they are the men of the ledger and the counter ; the posssesaors of the dead walls , and bricks , and
mortar ; and as dull as tbe senseless stuff which confers on them the right of Voting . | LOUd Cheers . ) He would conclude by asking them , in the name of all that is beautiful and free , to act as men ; to show by their unity and determination that they are not to be put down ; that they will never be content till the Charter be given them ; that they will have those rights which their fathers exercised ; that they will have the inheritance of which thieves have robbed them ; and , once again , restive to obtain tbe Charter , they must get it . ( Prolonged cheering . )
The Chairman then put the resolution , which was carried unanimously . Mr . Naqle briefly proposed the adoption of a petition to the Commons ; which was read from the Northern Starbj Mr . Wall , with very great effect ; the contrast of sentences passed on political offenders and on criminals calling forth loud and deep expressions of execration . Mr . Bennett seconded the adoption of the petition . A Gentleman ( Mr . H . D Griffiths we think ) from the body of the meeting proposed , that the words " free pardon" as applied to Frost , Williams , and Jones , be omitted ; and that their " immediate liberation " be asked for instead . They had done nothing to be ' pardoned " for , aud the use , of that term implied guilt . ( This proposition was received with great sheering . ) The mover and seconder of tbe adoption of tht petition acceded to the alteration , and on being put from the chair .
Mr . Hood begged permission to offer a few observations . Had no amendment been proposed , he would still have sought an opportunity to address them , believing as he did that they might as well _ preach , to the wind , or stand on the sea-shore and discourse to the waves , as petition the Parliament as at presentconstituted . ( Hear , hear . No one loved the principles of the Charter more than himself , and if this paradox otvun " petitioning" for their rigfils , must be carried out , he trusted that it would not be done in the singular , but that petition after petition would be poured in , till there was a positive deluge of petitions . ( Great cheering . ) They must tell the law-makers , that if they will not attend to the business of the people , the people are determined that they ah . ill not attend to their own . ( Cheers . ) It was not long Bince that the principle of teetotaUam bad been introduced into England—( " Question , question ")
—he was merely using the fact in argument , for though a teetotaller , his business there was political , and not to preach teetotallsm—thai principle had spread throughout England , as well as Ireland , like a flame ; why , then , lie would ask , did they not carry out the principles of the Charter like they bad carried out the principle of teetotalism ? If they could not meet under the fretted roof , th « y might assemble under the broad span of the arch of heaven ; in every town there was an open space—in every village there was a field ; and in such meetings the pure air would brace them up , while uniting to obtain the Charter , and tbe return of FroBt , Williams , and Jones . ( Cheers . ) Why were they kidnapped away ? ( Hear . ) Simply because they had stood in the front ranks of liberty , they had been selected as victims by » detestable , an atrocious , and abominable Ministry—( loud cheers)—a Ministry who , it another Rienzi or another Cromwell were to arise ,
would consign them to death or transportation . They ( the meeting ) must not deceive themselves : there existed a degree of feeling against the Chartists even among the working classes themselves . ( Hear . ) Some called them infidels—some called them Socialists , and a thousand opprobrious epithets were heaped upon them ; but occasions like these furnished fine opportunities of telling their fellow-working men what Chartism really is , and no man , when he really understands the principles , will longer refuse his aid in their propagation and establishment . ( Loud cheering . ) This , then , was the real Magna Cuarta—not that for which fools fought at Bunnymede . ( Long-continued cheering . ) This Charter was to ennoble the whole peopleto make a nobleman of every man who walks the streets
—to oiake a lady ( though not a titled one ) of every female who sits beside the hearth , brightening its bloz 9 ; and to majke a free-bom soul of every child on its mother's lap . ( Loud and long-continued cheering . ) He wonld beseech of them to remember , that clapping of hands alone would not obtain their object ; they wanted Frost , Williams , and Jones in England , not at the Antipodes —( hear , hear)—though the Whiga would like them all to be sent there ; they wanted all good men at home , and if the Charter were not already , as one of the speakers had Baid , " engraved on the pillars of the Constitution , " they would take care it should be , or they would pull down those pillar * , and scatter them , to the winds . ( Loud cheering . ) He would con * dude with the poet's exhortation : —
" Snatch from the ashes of your sires The embers of their former fires ; * And he who in the strife « plres , Will add to theirs a name of fear , That tyranny snail quake to bear , And leave bis sons a hope , a fame , They too . will rather die than shame : For freedom ' s battle once begun , Bequeathed by bleeding sire to son , Though , . baffled of t , 1 b ever won . Bear , witness , Greeece , thy living page . Attest it many a deathlesa age ( While Kings' in dusty darkness hid , Have left a nameless pyramid , Thy heroes , though the general doom H&-V 6 awepV the column from thett tomb , . A mightier monument command , u The ntennteins of thefr native land I " Mr . Hood sat down amid long-continued and enthu
siastio plaudits . , . ' .- , ..- " ¦ The petition , as amended , praying for " Immediate liberation , " instead of " pardon , " for Frost , Williams , and Jones , was carried with general aoclamation . The Chaibmah announced that they wonld now proceed to the election of delegates ; and it having been proposed , seconded , and agreed to ^ that the number be three , the following candidates were put in nomination :- — Mr . Wall , 1 Mr . Spnrr , Mr . Beggifl , I Mr . Neesom .
Others were named , but they declined . The supporters of the candidates severally addressed the meeting in behalf of their aomiseea ; and afterward
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the candidates themselves spoke briefly in explanation of tbeif views and principles . What follows is a sum ' mary of the proceedings . . Mr . Wall , in the course of * lengthy , and , we must say , egotistical address , took occasion to deprecate the conduct of " certain parties , " which afterwards turned out to be in allusion to the address of Messrs . Lovett , Collins , &o ., in last week ' s Star . Mr . Bogois very modestly and properly contrute the style ' of his address with that of the preceding speaker , and in half a dozaa sentences at most , left himself in the hands of tbe meeting .
Mr . Spubr , in some degree , imitated Mr . Boggis , bus took occasion to regret the introduction of ceneure on other pewons , ( in reference-to Mr . Wall ' s deprecation of the circular already referred to . ) A loud and general cry of " Wall was right 1 " shewed Mr . Spurr that , is this respect , he had sot the feeling of his audience with him ; - so , after » few well-placed and sensible observations , be sat down , and was followed by Mr . Neesom , who , ( there having been a question raised aa to his eligibility on account of not belonging ti the National Charter Association , which point was decided in tho affirmative by the Chairman , this being » public meeting , ) expressed his readiness to take a . card of membership , if that was deemed the test of a true Chartist He belonged , he said , to the Teetotal Charter Association , and would tell them that until the working classes found some better employment than the pot and the pipe , they would never obtain tbe Charter .
Mr . Fvssbll , of Birmingham , who was received with considerable cheering , stated that he had a friend of bis bosom in prison , with a very large family , whose cause had never been broached , and he was anxious to know if the persons proposed were of the right stamp . The first candidate had made certain allusions which he did not understand ; but which drew forth an expression of regret from Mr . Spurr that absent parties had been alluded to . Now , if Mr . Bpurr meant the Lovetts and Collinses , be told Mr . Sp-arr they were not the men for Mm . [ The speaker was interrupted , at this point , by a simultaneons burst of cheering , as -well as by the Chairman , who called him to order ; tbe call . to order seemed only to Excite the feelings of the audience still further , and Mr . Fussell proceeded to denounce , in terms which we need not UJermlly repeat , the parties to the circular in last week ' s Stmr ; " thieves , " " liars , " and " humbugs" wore commonplaces , although Mr . Fussell offered to prove bis assertions : ]
The Chairman again called him to oTder , on the ground that they were not met there to discuss the merits or demerits of Messrs . Lovett , Collins , and Co . ' s plan ; but if the speaker had anything to say against any one of the proposed delegates , ha ( Air . Parker ) would attentively listen to him . Mr . F » ssell said he did not wish to create disunion , and withdrew . Mr Spurr , amid great confusion , explained . A Gentlehah ( whose name we could not learn ) maintained that Mr . Spurr ' s explanation bad made bis case still worse ; he had asked what had Lovett and Collins ' s address to do with this business ? He ( tke speaker ) replied " everything ; " he asserted tbat that address was an eternal disgrace to the cause of Chartism ,
( the Chairman here called the speaker to order ; the meeting , almost unanimously , insisting upon hearing him ; Mr . Peat stood forward to set the speaker right , but & volley of hisses made e . ven Mr . P ., who is , as will be seen below , very highly esteemed by tha Radical body , retreat ; the Chairman pufc it to the meeting whether the speaker should proceed , and they decided unanimously in the affirmative . ) He then " leathered away , " to earnest , at the " breach of honour circular " and its supporters ; declaring , in conclusion , that the Chartists had one grand plan laid down ; and those who , instead of giving it , * r pointing out any defect , that it might be remedied , sought to establish a rival plan , and thus divided the Kadical body , were not Chartists . tThis sentiment was received with tumultuous cheering . )
Immediately on the conclusion ef this gentleman ' s addreas , the . nominator of Mr . Spnrr withdrew his nomination ; but another person having proposed Mr . S . he still remained a candidate . 2 > lr . Boggis , in explanation , said he thought some of the meeting were blind , and that others had no discernment ; and Mr . NEESOM said , after tho denunciations be bod beard , and the determination of the meeting to listen to them , he thought their vote was not worth soliciting ; and that , oniess the expression of the meeting was unanimous , be would decline a post , in which , though there was some honour , there was more danger . K elected , however , by the unanimous voice of tbe assembly , he should feel himself bound to do bia duty as be bad done throughout tbe last Convention .
Tbe Chairman then proceeded to take a show of hands for the respective candidates , ttriedim : to our view , we thongb . t the numbers for Messrs . Wall , Boggis , and Neesom , were as nearly equal as could possibly be ascertained ; tbe number for Mr . Spurr being not more than one-half that for tbe others . The Chairman , however , decided that Mr . Neesora bad the largest majority ; and that so far as the other three candidates were concerned , the numbers were so nearly equal he could not determine which two of tbetn were elected . A second show , therefore , took place for the three remaining candidates , when the minority who voted for Mr . Spurr was manifest to alL Messrs . Wall and Boggis were therefore declared to be duly elected , as well as Mr . Neesom , to Bit on the forthcoming Convention . The election was certainly a boisterona affair , bat then , the very fact itself shows earnestness on the part of those engaged .
This part of the business over , Mr . Cameron was called upon to move the following resolution : — "That this meeting sympathising -with illegally exiled patriots . Frost , Williams , and Jones , and with our incarcerated brethren , call upon all friends to liberty to assist in obtaining their freedom . " Mr . C . made a long and eloquent speech in support of the resolution ; and concluded by saving that when the people became united , there would be an end to the nefarious traffic of tbe government Let the people pursue their rights with avidity and determination ; and while he would guard them against any unsuccessful attempt , —because such an attempt might be attended with calamittus circumta ? ices , —he would urge upon them to keep their rights steadily in view , and wfcea they got within reach , seiz 9 on them by force . ( Loud cheers . )
Mr . Peat—who tob now aa loudly and enthusiastically applauded as he had before been goosed —( there ' s a word ! but what other word would express such an incessant storm of hisses ?)—came forward to second the resolution . He did bo , he said , because Frost , Williams , and Joaes had done nothing morally wrong . After some admirable remarks , and one or two biting sarcasms on the " education-mongers , " Mr . P . observed , that a recent writer ( Mr . Combe , we believe ) on America , had stated that in some parts of the Union , the people are very ignorant ; " but then , " he adds , " the ignorance of a demoeracy is superior to the intelligtnte of an aristoeracy . " He next , referred to the charge of the Chartists making a ** cuckoo" cry of the Charter . ( This expression was used by Dr . Wade , when very few , if any ,
Chartists were present at the Coml *\ w meeting , mind' ] A " cuckoo" cry was it 1 He hoped it would be some . thing more ; for " cnclcoos" cry only In one season ; " the Charter" must be erled in every season ; nay , in season and out of season , "the Charter" must be the test of theiTjpraclical education . Mr . Peat next referred very ablf to some of the practical proofs of education already to be seen am « ng the working classes ; thuy bad found out tbat sugar at 3 £ d . a pound , which it might be sold for but for tbe monopoly tax , would be only just half the price that it is when sold for 7 d . ; there was practical education ! Mr . P . concluded by entreating his audience to give " a long pull , a strong pull , and a pall altogether , " for their rights , liberty , and Chartism—so as to " up with democracy and dewn with aristocracy . " ( Loud cheering . )
The resolution , on being put from the chair , was carried unanimously . Mr . Cameron moved » tote of thanks to tbe Chairman , which was carried with acclamation . Mr . Parser , in returning thanks" for the compliment , trusted they would keep straightforward in the Chartist road . The petition committee had this week received ( addressed to him ) a petition from Pont-ypool , signed by 3 , 186 persons , in favour of the liberation of Frost , Williams , and Jones ; but such was the tyranny practised in that quarter , that tbe poor fellows who forwarded the petition had begged of him ( and they had reposed confidence in him , for which he
thanked them ) by no means to let it be known by whom the petition had been forwarded ; and on no account to let one of their names be known . Tbere was a state of things ! However , he hoped they would be enabled to get the greater number of those now' in prison out ere long . He briefly referred to the case ot poor Jones , transported on account of the Birmingham riots , in which be had no concern ; and concluded by proposing three cheers for Frost , Williams , and Jenes , which weie vocif erously responded to ; as also were calls fo » similar honours to Feargua O'Connor , and the incarcerated victlmi ; tbe Charter ; the Northern Star ; and the new Convention .
The proceedings concluded with » recitation ( very distinctly and duly emphasised ) by an . intelligent little girl , apparently hot more than eight or nine yean old , tbe burden of each stanza of which was"MenJ your rights no longer tartar ? Strike ! for freedom , and tbe Charter r This was received with universal cheering , tod the meeting separated . . '
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Cormcis . —On Wednesday morning , the following convicts we « 9 removed from Yorjt Castle , > nporsnanoe of their respective sentences of transportation . To be transported for fifteen yeara > -Riehsad Cousins , George Dawtry , William Ibbetson , Henry - Greenwood , Wm . Gaukrodger * James Nicholson , John Tnackray , Joseph Wood , Alfred Green , John Straker , Edward Towaend , Joiepb Handle ^ and John Shaw . To be transported fourteen years . — Henry Bradshaw . To ^ be transported ten years . — Charles Hirst , James Bartle , Benjamin Liveaey , Thomas Appleyard , William Greenwood , and Geo . Fletcher . To be transported seven years . —Job * Gregory , Thomas Bra j , Thomas Bootn , and Wm . Longcast .
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THE NORTHERN STAR , 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 17, 1841, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct375/page/7/
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