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DANIEL O'CONNELL , THE FRIEND OF THE POOR . DA 5 TEL O'COTTELL , TEE KETILER OF THE WIYE 3 AKD DAUGHTERS OF THE ENGLISH PEOPLE . ( Concluded from our last . ) "So-w , Sir , to be serious tor a little ; though 8 laayer , it -vras no duty incumbent on you to fcao-w the laira of the United States of America ; bnt , as a gentlewian and a man of learning , it might be expected of y » u that yon understood something of the laws of a country of bo much importance ; and , a * a legislator of this kingdom , so very extensively , in various -ways , connected -with that republic , give me leave to think that it -yrui your duty to know something of tee principal
l&vs in force In a country , the freedom apd prosperity j of ¦ which hare become subjects of so much admiration \ throughout the civilized ^ orid . Yet , that you know nothing of those laws , more than you do of the bfvrs ef the Cherokee cation of savages , is certain ; otherwise it j Is impossible that you could have put forth , even in ; Ihiblin , this sireeping reprobation of the English poor ' la-srs ; seeing that the famous act of the i 3 d year of Elizabeth is in full force in every state of that republic , and that it is acted upon in the most kind and attentive manner . I cannot speak positively , but I think , that ¦ we could not pay less than fifty thousand dollars a year in poor-rates , in the city of Philadelphia , thirty-two years ago . I dare s » y that the poor-rates of the city of Tfe'SF York now amount to more than ^ hundredthousand :
dollars a year . Both cities have jpoor-houses of prodigious dimensions ; and , which will doubtless fill you with indignation , the youths of " wild-merriment" are the most numerous and the most permanent inmates ef the " naked cells" of those poor-houses ! Many a rcore dollars have I myself paid for Vie relief ot the merry lads and lasses , in both cities , and never jrradged 60 to do ; and many a pound have I paid for the relief of similar merry persons at Kexsisgtgs ; but not wiihoui grudging , knowing well , that what I pay , in this "way , is , in reality , given to the crafty and hard-hearted landlords of Ireland . 1 never lived in any place in Amtrica without paying the poor-rate . And it even happened , when I lived in
Long Island , tfce overseer of cur township Xoriii Heupstead ; came and took a servant girl away to her township ; Fi-CSHl > iG :, she being in a state which the delicacy demanded by Irish ears forbids me to name . "We bticg greatly in want of the services of the girl , I bes ? td feard far a respite for a few days ; bnt the ts-emcio guardian of the morals and the money of the township V ; is inexorable : " Mr . Chawbnt comes from old England : Mr . dnwbut must know the laic , and Mr . Chawbnt must know that the law ; r . usl be t > t > tvcd ; " and , with that , he put her into his cart , and away he took -her and married her , I hope , to a very good husband . So , you see , Sir , that you have , in this memorable piece of intense eloquence , wasted a great deal of very sine indignation upon a very common-placs subject
However , to give you something beyond Uisse assertions of mine , 1 st me first inform you , that , some ye ^ rs ago , several parishes , in the east of Sasssx , sent cnt , at their own expeEce , to Nev York , divers ftmilit-s , who , from tfceir Lumerousness , were greatly burdensome to those parishes ; and , some years before that , Eoine farmer 3 went out , from the same neighbourhood , also from New Yoik . They sent some letters to their relations , giving an acconnt of their country , and cf their situation , end , generally , beseeching their tnhtrs
and mothers and brethren and friends to follow them . I , hearing of this , and wishing to dissuade English people from going , if they did go abroad , from goirg to any other country but the United States , wen ; down into Sussex , saw the parties who had received the letters got from them ( I have them now ) , and piblishrvi them in my little work called "The Emigham ' s Guide , " which every member of both Houses of Parliament , and especially my Lord Grey , ought to read , and particularly the letters of these excellent people , Hut hib-z . i 2 . rers of Sussex . If I had nover carerl a'bont
English labourers feefore , these letters would have rivetted them to my hsart . Affectionate parents , dutiful children , lovers of their country : there are all tbe virtues here ! And those are the people whom the garret-lodged prigs of the London newspapers call " iffTiorasJ peasantry" acd Mr . Sheil called " Kentish boors . '" Bat , Vhs interesting thing at present is , what did ihise people siy about poor-lairs in America . Now , Sir , do , pray , look at the little bock . If I were at hsme , I would tend you a copy . Look first in page 92 , at a letter from farmer Benjamin Fowle , addressed to his cousin , DANIEL Fowie , of Sroardec , in Kent , and dated from Ttica in the State of ~ Sew Tort He is describing to his cousin the happy state of the country ; and he tbus speaks of lie poor-laws : —
" I have bsea px > r-master of this town for many years , and I find it a rare thing for & resident to became an annual town-charge . " But strangers and temporary poor be had frequently . Then he adds , that he knows cf no one vho t-skes the frouo . ' e to lock his doors by night . So , yon see , honesty and virtue can co-exist with oli ! Betty ' s law , which , you say , degrades people and destroys their cbsracter , and makes them slaves . ' But "What the lab-carers say on the subject , in their letters , is still more interesting , and more to the point Look at pages 55 and 55 . Tfce writer is Stephen "VT ^ tso . v , jun ., of Seddlescomb , near Bittle , in Sussex -, and I got the letter from his father , who now lives at
Seddlesccmo , and -whose name is also Stephen Watson . In his letter , dated at Albany , 5 th Oct ., 1823 , he tells his father this : — " Do not nuke yourselves uneasy about us ; for if we cannet gel a living here , here is a P 00 KHOrSE , JUST THE SAME AS IN ENGLAND . " Oh ! " the aiave of the poor-laws . '" Then , on the 29 th of March , he , beginning his letter with " Honoured father and mother , " writes thus : — " The laics of this country are as good as in England : the poor are well taken care of : there is a large house in this place for the accommodation of the old and infirm that are not able to work . " The hale wanted none , for the work was always plenty .
How different , Sir , the American patriots and legislators are from you ! Tou will , by no means , have a provision for the aged , lest it should cause laziness and improvidence in youth , and lest it should deprive parents of the aid and the ailsctionate attachment of their children J How wide the difference between the American and the Irish philosophy ! Siephex Wat-SOS , who calls his father and mother " honoured , " and who , I'll be bound for him never said " yGiir tanner " to any man in all his life , does not , yon see , seem to think that poor-laws make " slates . " He says , " the lairs cf this country are as good as in Esgland . " And why ? Because ihe poor are well laktn care of , and because there is a poor-house .
Now , Sir , will you acknowledge thaty . cu have done wrong to English poor-laws and English labourers ? Tou will nDt ' : Very well , then , I will proceed , and g « right forward into your comparative estimate of the cKa'aclcr and condition of the English and the Irish ¦ Worfcisg people . And , in the way of pr = faee , l = t ns have ycur ovn description of Ireland , snd of its people , & 3 published in your address to the Irish nation , dated at Dublin , on the 6 th of this month . " I begin with , calling your attention to these tndhs : — " First—That there Is not , on the fata of the globe , a more feriile country than ours , nor any one that produces , for its extent , such a svperahiiTidaxce of a ! , the prime mcttssxies for the food , dialling , and comfort of its inhabitants .
" secondly—That no country is so well circumstanced for general commerce as ours ; we are at the western extreme of Europe , with a direct na-ri ^ ation to tTcry maritime state in Europe , "whilst our connexion with Asia and Africa is b ? open ocean sp 3 ce ; and with toe free American Republics our intercourse may be the most direct , rapid , acd unconfined . " Thirdly—Oar green island is indented by spacious roadsteads , magnificent bays and estuaries , and capacious harbours—harbours open at every hour of every tide , and sheltered from every icind , and secure from every tempest . " Fourthly—Oar / erf He island . too , is extensively intersected by navigable rivers ; and the hard and durable materials of which eur roads are , or msy be formed , would easi-y affjrd the means of reidy communication and speedy intercourse -with every part of our productive soil .
" Fifthly—The streams that rash from our majts ' . ic mo-Mitxins , or s ? reep with abundant and rapid courss through onr greet and g l orious valleys , g : ve a superabundant multitude oZsRill sites , and afford the cheapest and most hea ' JJiful poicer for the irerkiirj of 7 namifaclories in the known world . " Sixthly—Our elimat ? is genial , and conducive to long life and rrasly vigexr . 2 < o parching suns scorch , onr plains into aridity , or our people into decrepitude > "o chilling frosts destroy the power of vegetation , or thin our population by the pinching blight of exces sive cold .
• ' Ssventlily—This lace ? ? land ia inhabited by a people brave as they are psiieu ! , generous as they are hardy , good-humtured as they are laborious , intelligent , numerous almost beyond the ncmber of the oppressions they ara made to endure . Suffering woes themselves , they are full of active and pradieil compassion for Vie poor and ths needy ; and , above all , they'Sre s people deeply impressed with all the sineerity of religions belitf , and with the incalculable valee oi religious practices . Differing , as many of them do with each other upon various point * of faith , they one and all scorn and dtkst infidelity ; and ths infidel or the btheist , if he were to rear his detested head amongst us , would find that spee-3 ? punishment from universal opinion vfciclj would render the inflictions of law needless , andwoald anticipate and ruptrssde aU legal punishment
" countrymen , these truths art undeniable . Such is a faint sketch of Ireland and her population . Why are the blessings of God perverted ? How are the gecerona and noble impulses of man blighted J Why is Ireland in a slai * of decrepitude and decay ? Why are her towns in general dvind-ling into villages ? Why are ha villages n frequerJly disappearing ! Why are rar farmers emigrating , or sinking inte labourers ? Why are her labourers almost unemployed , or wholly starving ?" Wen , then , as fe as the sev = n heads of description go , here is » Ttenvfr upon earth ; and these are eli " inAi - mdenia ^ - & 0 that , if we do not fiDd the Irish .-iahoarCTi teiisr . in chiiacter and condition than "the gngflhh , ¦ ws ^ haD-ken nnd no argnmeat against' the Poor Law * . 3 fat before I enter on the comparison , I 1 * ?? i ? BJ atta * fcioB forcibly ^ arrested by a sentiment in tiia
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f eventh paragraph , and by an assertion in the last o ? all ; and on tteso I must remark before I go an inch further . In the seventh paragraph , you , in the excess of your religions zeal , condemn the " infidel" to a popular punishment , superseding the operations of the laic ( th 3 t is to siy , to knocking on ihe head ) , if he dare to raise that " detested head" in the " green island ;'' and yet , only about two ye * r 3 ago , you xoere perfectly d-. imoroiLS for putting the worst of all irfidels , the Jews , upon the bench and in the King ' s Council ; infidels who not only raise their " detested head , " but who raise their horrible voices also , to declare Jesus Christ to have been " an impostor , " and who , amongst the blasphemous rites of their synagogues , are said to cntc ' fy him in effigy twice in the year ! In short , two yesrs ago , you were for uncbristianizivg tbe country by law , and now yon are for knocking the ii-fidel on the head , without judge or Jury ! Now , could this subject have had your i'daily thoughts , nightly musings , and morning meditations , " in both cases ?
¦ The assertion to which 1 have alluJed , and which is in the last paragraph , is this— " that the towns of Ireland are dwindling into villages , and that its villages are frequently disappearing . " Compare this assertion with tfce oath that you made before the Committees of the House of Lords in 1 ? 25—namely , that the popula-! tion of Ireland had been , and still was , prodigiously ; increasing , and that a &urp ' uspopulation was one of the causes of ihe misery of ihe people J That was your I oath , or words , I pledge myself , fully to thai effect i Which statement are we , then , to believe 1 _ Will you say that this dismal decay of towns and villages has I taken place since 1 S 25 ? Hardly 5 for , then , we shall ; you what are become of your splendid promises of i prosperity io Ireland which Emancipation was to give ? : And imore serious still !) where are those " nine millions , " and that " growing importance , " which you put 1 forward as the ground of Ireland ' s clain to an equality i with Englani ?
And now , Sir , let your Dublin sndience remain to dap hands and hczzi , while you and I enier on that 1 comparison which you have provoked , ) of the relative I character and condition and manners of the Irish lads i of " wi ' . d merriment , " and the " English snlky stares of \ the poor laws . " I First of all . it is of importance to observe that , as to j the means which are the pift of God , the Ir : sh have , ! from jour own icconrd , greatly the advantage ovc-r the ! English . F ^ r , while you assert that there is not on the ; face of tlv . Globe , a country vwre fertile than Ireland , it j is well known that there are many more fertile than ' England ; for , though , by incessantly scratching and ' tumbling it about , we do make it produce a good deal ; ¦ still , when you come to yo-ar " majtstic mountains , "
! pouring down streams into "gloncua Tidieys , there to •; set endless mills and manufacturies" into motion , aud ; that , too , in promoting of " health" at the sair . e time ; ; when you come to these , you make us feel our inferiority , ' and , above all , on the scere of greenness , in which rej spect you appear to surpass us beyond all comparison . j There are , indetd , persons not S 3 devcttdiy and ex-! clusivcly attached to this particular colour ; and , for instance , 1 have nool jeetion , r . ay . 1 like , to see a part I and a great part of a country broicn ; and , atohe time ! of the yenr , white . Tou , however , deem greenness the I mirk cf perfection ; and you have it : the " English people'' have not robbed tbe Irish 'of that , at any r&te . Again , we have indeed " harbours" too ; but not , like you , harbours " open at ev < : ry hour of every tide , and ' sheltered from every irisd , and secure from every"
taupe ?! . " We are ol-liged to wait for ths tidea , whether coming in or going oat : and with all oar moorings au . l double moorings , cur ships ara frequ-. ntly driven on the beach , or out to sea . These toils and dangers are , it seems , unknown to Ireland , to the p ? ople of which " lovely Una" the proverb of "time and tide waiting for no man " , must bs wholiy without a meaning . But , Sir , now c ; mes your great difficulty ; f jr , if these , which you have given us here , be " tru ' y unde-; viable ; " if such be the natural resources and advanj taees of Ireland ; if no spot of the globe exceed her in I fertility ; if she be favoured in the manner that you I describe : and yet , if as you say is the case , " the bleiE-; ings of God are there so perverted , that she is in a ¦ state of decrepitude and decay , her toirns dwindling :- ir . ' . o villages , he * vi'lujts dis -ijipeari > ig , &n&hi £ r labourers
\ . \ lmost unemployed , or ivho ' Jii starving ; "' and , if , as j we know to be the case , her prople&re seen wandering ; orer this our country snot so blessed by Go .-l ) in search ! of food , and in a state nearly approaching to tbat of I actual nakedess ; and if , as yuu insist , Poor Laws , to I secure thtm food and clothing at heme icou'd not better ' their lot : if all this be s- >; or rather , if all this were { so , we should , like tbe English Grenadierof the Guards , w ' len he landed in Virginia , be tempted to exclaim , i '" Tte A'lamand Eve of this people surely came out oj i Sercgale . i 1 : will not do for yen in this case to say th 3 t the ' . " b ; ess : ngs of God have been p-rverted" by the English ,
until , at least , you have rtpUcd to my answer to youT charct-ajainst us on that score ; and besides , the public have cot alresiiv furg « tten that you represented that " tmMicipjtion" Tfhich you obtaintd etau bt-yond the extent of yuur petitions , as ail that Ireland ¦ wanted to make her contented and hur . py and everlastingly grateful to Eagiand : and that you pledged you ; self that the adoption of that measure would enable the Government to drasr additional millions of revenue from Ireland . We have not so soon forgotten those your a-tliousandtimes repeated declarations ; ami , therefore , we deny you the right to impute to us this " perversion of the blessings of God . "
You must , then , impute it to yoursslves ; or you must confess that your country cails for that very institution ; that great English ijistittdion , which we are about te tender you , and -which you are endeavouring to prepare yfeur miserable countrymen to reject as a scourge . Look at the difference in the working people of the two countries . You have , if you Co speak the Until , the advantage over us in climate and soil ; and you have , you say , a people , " &rur » e , patient , generous , hardy ^ good-humou ? ed , laborious , and iiUelligetit . " Yet look at the difference ir . the people , and particularly the working people , of the fwo countries ! Look at it : consider it well • here , indeed , is matter for an Irish legislator to think , muse , ar . d meditate upon . When did you , or anybody else , evcr Res or hear of Englishmen prowling abont in binds of half-naked beggars , in
any country upon earth : when did you ever hear of the necessity of taking Hem up by force , and carrying them like malefactors and tossing them back upon their native shores : when cid you ever bear of them being an incambrance to any people amongst whom they Went : when , since you talk of their hore ' s , did you see or hear of English labourers being in hovels , in company-with the pig , tho flesh 1 f ¦ which ihtry were destined never to taste , both feeding pn the same board , warmed by the same ehimneyless fire , and both blackened by the same smoke : when , since you talk of the " naked cells" of the poor house , aid you ever hear of thousands of them living on stinking shell-fish , sea-weed , and ne . t ' . t-s , and of thousands at a time receiving the last effiu-s of religion as preparatory to death from starvation : when , s'nee you
call them slavej , did yon ever see or hear of one of them applying the cringing and fawning appellation of " your hanner" to any human being , much less to any thing , though groom or footman , from whom tht-y expected to co-x a farthing or a mouthful of bread : when did you ever hear of English labourers who needed , er Who would contentedly suffer , an employer to stand over them at their work ; when did you ever hear ( f their dweiliugs being destitute of every mark cf cleanliness and of decent restrve , having about them no traces of human existence within , except the feculent-heap at the door , which nature herself would call upon them to hid-: -when did you ever see or ever hear talk of one of Vicir rural habitations , not having ttout it surJess rendered impossible by local circumstances ; gooseberry aDd currant bushes , beds of parsley aud
ether l > -jrb 3 , plants of vall-flovrer and biennial stock , clumps of v'j ' . yanthusfcs , daisies , and bulbs , and other flowers , and , where possible , plants of roses and hi'ucysnciles , trained round their -windows , or over their doors , with the greatest care and the greatest taste , of ail which , together with apple trees grafted by their own hands , and together also with stalls of bees , the result of their own care ; there are more in 3 circuit , embracing ten rural parishes of England , than there are to be found in possession of all the millions of labourers that inhabit the " lore ' y land : " "when , lastly ( not to suffer the provocation to urge me further ) , did you ever see or hear of an " English slave" disowning llie constrp of his birth , and wherever found , and under whatever cireumsvmces , not forward to proclaim himself an Englishman , and to boast of the honour of the fisuRe 2
f « ow , Sir , avoiding , as something too painfnl to encounter , a detailed exhibition of the other side , do I ascribe the difference to the nature of the Irish people , to any inherent vice in them ? By no means . I ascribe it to the diff-rence in the treatment received by the two people from their rulers . Not to any thing done by England to Ireiand ^ but to the former not having compelled the domestic rulvrs of the latter to treat the Irish working people as thj English working people have been treated , during the last two centuries and a half ; and particular !} - to its nc having compelled the owners of the land in Ireland to leave enough of its produce in the several parishes , to provide for the wants of the destitute ; us is effectually done in Ecgland and America by tluse famous poor-laws , which Blackstone truly says , are " founded in the very principles ofcirti society ; " but the unspeakable benefit of ^ hich you are now labouring , though I trust in vain , to prevent your ill-treated , unhappy , and ever-troubled country from receiving . I allow , that , as to this
mat-. ter , your efforts have received but too much countenance from those of persons in tbis country , who have , ' long , and particularly « u 3 ce the publication of the book j of the foolish led unfeeling M altiivs , been esdeavour-. ing to chip away the meaning , intention , and effect of the poor-laws . Siu . bg . es BornsE's Birrs were a bold stroke ; but , the inventors , when they look at the awful conscquen . - , will find little reason to congratulate , themselves on their success . Those bills have already cost them ten thousand times more than the bills would have saved them in a hundred years . In 1819 , the present Lord Chancellor said , that he was " prepaied to defend , to their utmost extent , the principles of Maithus . " He has pledged himss ' f to bring in a poor-la'sr bill this session , to surplant , I suppose , the bill of Lord j TsTMi . tM , which would in effect have repealed the I hi » := d bills of Stit . ges Eourne , and have restored j pen . ee to the villages and hamlets . If tbe Lord Chan- j CelloT ' s Bill do E&l lessen the extent of ihe claim on the poor-rates , it vr ; ll be a lacit giving up of Malthcs ; aad , if it do , a till to alter the
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succession to the crown would not be more vdUPJ Oh , no ! This law is immortal ; it haa lived under all changes of dynasty , and changes of forms of government , in England and in America ; It ia written in tbe hearts of the people , it is " founded in the fltst principles cf civil society ; " it makes , if duly administered , even the poorest man feel that he has an interest in all the property around him ; it is the ground , the good ground , tbe solid ground , but the sole ground , upon which the poor man is called upon to take up arms in defence of the rich -, it is , as I said before , the bond of peace , and the cement of society ; woe be unto those who shall attempt to destroy or enfeeble it in England , and the just reproach of mankind will in the end , be the inevitable lot of all who shall attempt to prevent its adoption in Ireland .
It was my intention to make some remarks on that part of your speech where you speak of the sort of reform which you demand for Ireland , and where you clearly enough hint at the attempts which you shall make to cause a separation , if the intended reform be not such a * you shall deem "just ; " but , not having time ta do justice to this subject now , and extremely anxious to act justly towards you , I musk defer it till another opportunity ; and , in the meanwhile , offering you , if you deem it irorth your while to use them for the purpose , the columns of my Register as a vehiclo for any rep ' y that you may choose to give to this letter , I remain , Sir , Your most humble Aud most obedient servant , Wm . COBbett .
[ We have now given the entire of Cobbett ' s most admirable reply to O'Connell ' s infamous libels upon the English working people ; and the reading of it must call forth one universal feeling of regret that the wieldcr of such a powerful pen in defence of the rights of the poor has been removed from the stage of existence , and not permitted to take a part in the fight just now waging between right and might . It is needless to say , that O'Connell never attempted t 9 answer tbe reasonings of Cobbett upon the questions discussed in tte letter here ended . He contented himself with following out his crooked policy , and " the just reproach af mankind" for the part he has played , is now being heaped upon h s head ! while the name and memory of Cobbett are held in universal reverence and esteem 1
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THE GOVERNMENT AND THE COUNTRY . The election has given to Sir Robert Peel a majority of from seventy to eighty votes . For Conservative objects , or for practical measures of general good , he crui form a btrong Government ; but for evil , opposed to opinion , he is powerless . We do not say that bad measures cannot be carried , for bad messures are often not unpopular : but no measure adverse to public opinion can be passed in the teeth of an Opposition 2 D 8 strong , exasperated by defeat , active , unscrupulous , and backed by the returning spirit of the country . The attempt , indeed , would be destructive to his power .
It would deprive him of the prestige of success ; it would cause misgiving in his own party and raise the bopes of his opponents ; and though it might not lead to his early expulsion from office , unless unpopular enough to encourage the Queen to dismiss him , it would reduce him to the state of the Whig Ministry during the last fi ^ e yen s . The fears of those , honest perhaps , brzt certainly most mischievous Reformers , who have ever shaped their conduct in order " to keep out the Tories , " and concluded by " letting them in ' in strength , may therefore be blown aside . Active evil we are not likely to receive from Sir Robert Peel . Are we likely to get any good ? Yes , */ he understands his oicn position .
It is pretended by Whig writers that the Orangemen and the High Churchmen will destroy Peel . This is possible , but scarely profraWe . The Conservative strength has grown to be such that the leaders can now actually afford to offend . A dozin votes are of no consequence : the soldiers who are mutinous may be drummed out of the camp , with a greater gain from a " move in the right direction" than loss from the dismissal of some dissatisfied followers . But , as far as appearances go , there seems little ground for anticipating Conservative disunion . The violence of an Irishman , whether orange or green , is always mollified with a place in prospect which can only be gotten by good behaviour ; and the speeches of the Irish Protestant leaders have of late been rather tolerant or coriciJatory
in religious matters—ceitainly more so than those of tho Catholics . Any "dual number" that might be named , if disposed to run wild , may new be dismissed ; and the- rabid Churchman can scarcely be said to have a voice in Parliament ; we doubt whether the true Church-militant has an organised party in tho country with followers as well as leaders . Their public existence , we apprehend , is limited to an irregular i iress , and that press not the organ of a circle of opinion , but only representing the individual writers , and only upheld by their individual ability . Of course , if Sir Robert Peel chooses , he can very soon destroy himself . Tho delicate question of morale of his ministry is under daily discussion ; a point of most consequence in the show-offices about the parson of the Sovereign , -where there is no excuse of business , which goes a long way in England . But should Sir RobcTt introduce known or suspected libertinism into the Palace , he will excite against him
the feeling of the respectable part of the country , which , not habitually regarding public politics , is jealous of private conduct , and will make no allowances for personal conveniences which it does not apprehend . If he select violent or distasteful colleagues , or men of honest but extreme and foolish notions , he will rouse against his Ministry , as the case may be , the millions of Ireland , the Dissenters of Great Britain , or the Free-traders of the United Kingdom , including those of his own party . And should he be inclined to lay the flittering unction to his soul that he has got his majority , let him remember , what the Liberal party seem always to have forgotten , the power of tnocv . force . Devoid of character , a majority is useless whilst it hangs together , and soon crumbles away . In June 1836 , a majority of eighty-six reaffirmed the Irish Corporation Bill in opposition to the Lords ; in Juno 1837 , the House of Commons was the sas ' . ie , but where was the majority ?
In looking at Sir Robert Peel ' s pssition , the composition of his adversaries' force must not be forgotten ; and in that the elements of disunion are as rife as in his own . . Lord John Russell's address to his censtituents breathes the sentiments of a measured an . l moderate Opposition , whose strategy is to be based upon Free Trade . But on the great point of this question , the Cern Laws , several Whigs will support Sir Robert Peel ; and will Mr . Roebuck , with some other ultra-Radicals , consent to be muzzled upon their questions , in obedience to the tactics of one of whom they are not bound to acknowledge for their leader ? Unless the country be disappointed by Mb weakness , or exasperated by an attempt at the old Tory strong-hand method of
rule , so as to animate tbe hopes of the Opposition , that Opposition is just as likeiy to break up into sectien as the Conservatives . Many old Whigs will at first offer no " factious opposition" to Sir Robert Jfeel , —coming down only upon field-nights , and not always then ; and at Jast , as they get disgusted—so they will say—with the insolent language of O'Connell and his tail , and offended by the " extreme opinions" of Mr . Roebuck and his followers , they will quietly drop into the Conservative ranks , —with which , indeed , their opinions now more naturally ally them . It is quite as much upon the cams that Sir Robert Peel should , increase his majority from tbe differences among the Opposition , as that the Opposition should break up the Ministry through Conservative dissension .
Under average circumstances , therefore , Sir Robert might calculate upon a certain tenure of office for the next Parliament , if he confined himself to little more tLan to carry on the Government : if he actively applied himself to mature and carry those practical measures which have no relation to party politics , hia tenure of office might endure for his life . But he is beset Vy difficulties , and compelled to action , through two c ; reuBiitances—the distress of the country , and the deficiency in the revenue . " Distress" is a word often and easily used without eTidence of its existence ; nor can evidence readily be addsced , Bince no individual has sufficient knowledge of facts to pronounce upon national distress . But on this occasion we have the strongest reasons for
believing that very great and general distress does exist in the country ; that millions are subjected to hardships and privations , the nature of which many of our readers cannot even imagine ; and that numbers of persons throughout the entire triding body cannot live upon their income , but muust encroach upon their capital , if they have any , aud if not , must run into debt Nor is this sutprising . Not to mention the high price of the secondary necessaries , sugar , &C , wo have had for some years past a succession of bad harvests , almost doubling the price of corn , compelling the poor to do witheut many things , and to stint themselves in all to procure bread , without being always able to obtain even it in sufficient quantity . This limitation of the general means of purchasing among the millions , to almost one article , must bave affected tho deaiers in every other commodity they usually consume , and distressed those trades ; the exportation of gold farther
deranged the whole commercial system , and brought many to bankruptcy : the "little wars "that have boen waj / ed , cr are -waging , in Canada , South America , Syria , and China , lessened , as Sir Robert Peel troly observe d , the demand for goods in those markets : at home , the unsettled state of p-jlitics , coupled with the opei * tion of the other causes , limited the luxurious expendi " aire of the upper classes ; and from the action and reac . ^ on of all these circumstances , the existence of diitrc&s might be theoretically pronounced . If Sir Robert 1 ^ 1 cannot relieve this distress , or rather cannot hoi "I out hopes of relief , he will have to bear tbe odium of its existence ; though so far as Government is cont ' « rned , his predecessors osght to be the responsible pfc . tons . It is useless to ckmour against the justice of tL < s—^ is a fact , which cannot be altered by railing ; it is part of the price of piace .
The deficiency in the revenue is * direct difficulty , which must be grappled with ; for it is the point which brought on the battle with the Wfc . ? s , aud it ia in reality tlie ground on which they inte . ^ to b-iso their future operations , if Sir Robert Petl , ''oaid report to temporary evasions , they will not permit ^ ' ' anil the deficiency he fcaa to deal with may be ia ; * 1 * A nearly
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three millions ; it may possibly approach four millions . This the Whigs may point blank deny ; the Tories will hope against hope : hero are the data . Mr . Baring , in his Budget , estiniited the actual deficiency at £ 2 , 400 , 000 ; but part of his statement was founded on a confessedly conjectural account of the East India Company , as to the expenses of the China war ; the actual cost of which , at the time spoken of , would probably raise the deficiency nearer to three- millions than to any other figure , besides the additional expences which may yet become necessary . Since then , the revenue has gone on declining : sugar , whose consumption the Tories , in the Budget debate , reckoned would increase , exhibits ,
according to the Globe , a decline of ^ 580 , 000 on the year ending in July . Should the harvest be plentiful , the pressure of the public distress will be lessened , and some stimulus will be given to consumption : on the other hand , corn , which last year yielded newly £ 1 , 200 , 000 , will produce much less . Should the harvest fail , the general prospect will be lowering enough ; but the importations may still not yield as much revenue as last year . The Corn Law averages would be " worked , " and the bulk of the imports pushed in at the shilling duty . Sir Robert Peel may therefore , we repeat , make up his mind to deal with a deficiency of some three millions , which a series of unlucky circumstances may carry on towards four millions .
How can he meet it ? The chatterers of his patty went about saying he would r « impose the Postageduties : the Whigs could desire nothing better . The attempt would excite one-half of the country and unite the Opposition to a man . The Tory Members for Lon . don , ' Liverpool , and Leeds , with some other commercial towns , must gather under k their banner ; other members would probably absent themselves ; and it is possible the Conservative Premier would be defeated . But if he managed to force the odhms lneamire through the House , what would it give him ? One million ; nay , not that , for the expences of the Post-office have increased fry nearly £ 200 , 000 , and could not immediately be reduced . If ho try to reimpose the House-duty , there is the same risk of defeat , and the . same deficiency in
result ?; for dear postage and the old house-duty both togethtr would yield little more than two millions , being short by one-third of the sura he requires ; and every Opposition epeech would contain the assertion that the Whig Free Trade Budget would have rendered now taxes needless . What fiscal ingenuity may devise to take money pleasantly out of people ' s pockets , we do not know : wo can see but two modes of supplying the deficiency of the revenue , —a Property-tax , with a revision of the Tariff ; a revision of the Tariff , broad , bold , but well-considered in itself , and considerate towards existing iuttiests , with the reserve of a Property-tax should it not succeed in making up the deficiency afttr a few years' trial . Far , pledged as Sir Robert Peel is
to protection and the sli < ling- ? cile , he cannot deal with many duties aa matters of revenue only ; and the critical state of our West Indian Colonies , with the nascent speculations in India , called into existence by an act of tardy justice in equalizing all the revenue that could be raised if we threw our Colonies and India overboard , and admitted every article from every pluce at one uniform rate . To effect a masterly reform of our Tariff , with a due regard to fair dealing and the interest of all parties , ia a matter requiring great practical information , and much consideration on each item ; but there are certain broad principles to be steadily kept in view . There should ba
l . Duties for revenue , not for mere taxing—none of those petty taxes which cause useless expence in the collection , great trouble and inconvenience to the impor ters , very often enaanc ng the price of materials to the manufacturer , and taking money from the trading classes without any public gain . According to Mr . Porter ' s evidence before the Committee on Import-Duties , forty-six articles produced £ 22 , 598 , 000 out of a revenue of £ 22 , 900 , 000 . the other £ 362 , 600 being drawn from 1 , 100 articles , some yielding nothing , and 147 yielding , so to speak , a loss ; £ 5 , 398 Of drawback being repaid over end abava the duty they produced . All these minor articles should be subject to a careful revision , to abolish the duty on all but those which cogent circumstances require to be retained .
2 . No prohibitions and no encouragement to any thing but the general industry of the country . Many agricultural productions are now prohibited by express lawthey are forfeited if imported , whilst oorn till at nearly famine prices is subjected to a , prohibitive duty : many foreign colonial commodities , and some manufactures , are subject to so high a tax as to be practically prohibited . All articles of this class must be revised , and a fair rate of duty imposed . If a peculiar burden is placed upon a peculiar class of producers , or if legislative encouragement has fostered an interest which it is unfair suddenly to abandon , all that can be claimed is a reasonable protection for a reasonable time , till they can adapt themselves to their new circumstances , or their peculiar burden is removed ; but no article should be kept out of the market by the duty alone . 3 . Haw materials should be admitted duty-free wherever it is possible without a considerable sacrifice of revenue .
4 . The Colonial trade should be placed upon tbe footing of a . coasting trade , and all articles admitted duty free , so far as our financial necessities will permit . 5 . A bold and well-considered reduction of duties should be effected where there is a well-grounded probability of an equal or an increased revenue , as in wine , brandy , sugar , timber , &c . 6 . , aft « r two or three years' trial , and the practice of a rigid economy , the income should still continue below the expenditure , recourse must be had to a Property Tax .
In dealing with these financial questions , we believe the country—that is , the majority of all classes apart frsm mere partisans—are prepared to accept of a fair offer , and do not expecs impossibilities . They do not expect Sir Robert Peel to come forward with a proposal for a perfectly free trade in corn ; or that the revenue is to rise to the required amount the moment his measures are propounded . Mere patty excitement , or agitation for political changes , haa been so prostituted to factious uses , that the thing is worn out . What the country really desires , is a Government that knows its business , and will set about doing it—a Government that wil ! attend to our economical condition , and give free play to the industry of the people , and the enterprise of the capitalist . If Sir Robert Peel shall grapple thoroughly and fairly with tho great question of
Import Duties , the country will not contend for trifles , and will be perfectly willing to give him time to await tbe result of his measures . If , however , lie shall attempt to evade the subject of Tariff-revision , or be to ill-advised as to peddle with it—to produce a measure which fails to satisfy by the breadth of its general plan , and by the considerate skill of its details—he and his party are lost . Wo do not say that he will be immediately driven from office : his numbers are too strong , and the leaders of the party opposed to him are too much distrusted , for t ! : at . But hia Government will become a ucak Government ; the country will shrink from him with disappointment ; his followers will Lave no confidence in him even whilst he deems that he is lending himself to their purposes ; and his opponents will be emboldened to attack him with pertinacity aud lower him by contempt Spectator .
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THE THREE RIVAL PARTY POLITICIANS . Three manifestoes are now before the publio , —Lord Joiiu Russell's address to the London electors , which was issued last week ; Sir Robert Peel ' s couuter-manifesto , delivered orally at a dinner-party of his own to 8 oni 8 Tumworth electors ; and Mr . O'Connell ' s declaration of tho rigths and grievances of the people of Ireland . Sir Robert Peel ' s declaration is a more unpretending and also a less tangible affair than his rival ' s . It is almost limited to negation : with his customary frankness , Sir Robert confines himself to saying that lie sha . lt say nothing . He will not prescribe , he says , for tho ills of tho nation , while ho is excluded from administering the remedies—he does uot add , though some
of his followers might , while another practitioner touches the fee . Hetttd not say much at this dinner about what he expatiated upon in the House of Commons , the want of official information for forming a judgment upon the national affairs : he now stood upon the matter of choice and etiquette—not as ene who could not pronounce an opiuion , but as one who weuld not compromise his position by doing so . I wiil " not unsought be won" is the moral of this part of Sir Robert ' s speech . Another section of his address was directed to demolishing the effect of Lord John ' s manifesto ; and the retrospective or Ministerial part of that manifesto can scarcely stand the test of the expectant Premier ' s light ridicule : Lord John ' s enumeration of victories is met by a sort of deprecation of ungenerous
triumph over the vanquished , and then by an appeal from the individual victories to tho wholesale defeat of the la ' . e election . A third portion of the Tamworth speech is adroitly enough addressed to Rnyal eyes ; taking for Ms text an impertinent on dit , that he had boasted that he would make the Queen a Tory in six weeks , Sir Robert insinuatingly repudiates every sort of presumption on his part ; he does not assume that he is to be Minister ; he is shocked at the insolence of attempting to pronounce what may be the personal feelings of Royalty ; ho shares the indignation which the Queen must feel if such contemptible impertinences come before her . Sir Hobert would have his Royal Mistress understand , that , if he is forced upon her acceptance by the general eourse of events which coerces him as well aa others , he is still the genteelest and most considerate of compulsory servants , incapable cf vulgar triumph or o !< strusive
confidence . The gist of his insinuations directed to that high quarter is , that Satan is uot so black as he has been painted . Sir Robert ' s speech—a Parliamentary " statement" delivered from the head of his own table at a convivial meeting—elaborately easy , saying nothing and hinting much—is well calculated , not to produce the conviotion , but to convey tbe impression , that , while ho will be a more vigorous Minister than any which we have had for ten yearo , and able to put Lord John ' s " victories" to the blush , he will by no means be a harsh counsellor , or a disagreeable man at Court , or anywhere else . There ia one point in Lord John ' s manifesto which Sir Robert leaves untouched—the f inure tactics cf the Whig Opposition : he dees not laugh at that . Whigs out of offi .-o are not perhaps quite so laughable as Whigs in ; nor Tories quite so free to laugh in as they were out , especially when they go in to deal with a deficiency and a declining rtVtnue , Sir Robert Peel ' s manifesto leaves matters juet where
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they stood before : it only intimates that it has not been neMMary : to modify the new " Conservative " policy—whatever that may be—in order to enable the incoming Ministers to compete wUb Lord Joan Russell ' s showy Opposition programme . The liberator ' s declaration Is a very different serfc of composition from Lord John ' s quasi-royal speech or Sir Roberta convivial statecraft : it looks as though the asplriDg patriot had in his eye the Petition of Rights or the American Declaration of Independence , but could not for the life of him struggle out ot the beaten " Hereditary-bondsmen" track : it is an old Corn-Exchange letter laboured into a state paper . To give credit to the first paragraph , the author set out with an earnest desire to deliver a round unvarnished tale of
" facts , " and the first of the facts enumerated ia English hostility to Ireland ! and , as usual ; Lord Morpeth is dragged in as king ' s evidence , to prove , by his vote on the motion to extend the Irish franchise , the hostility in which he is an accomplice . If Mr . O'Connell deals with past facts so freely , it is no wonder that future facts claim a still greater license : and accordingly , the mostextravagantassumptions of the reignof horror which the Tories will restore are put forward in so many words , as the express and declared intention " of the Peel-Stanley party . " Mr . O'Connell may mean the assertion , that that party intend to appoint partisan judges , as a sort of rhethorical figure ; but the figure is so disguised that the words read like the grave statement of a proclaimed fact . Now all this toaibast would be very
harmless in England ; but Mr . O'Concell ' s influence < in Ireland received some very dangerous illustration in the tearful , phrensied vehemence of tho people in Carlow ; and it is a just apprehension , that his desire to increase Sit Robert Peel ' s " difficulty -with Ireland " may be only too successful . His present conduct seems to be the beginning of a systematic attempt of that kind . It remains to be seen whether the Whigs will countenance their half-di 3 avowed ally in this his last and moat desperate expedient tor fulfilling their behest to " keep out the Tories" at all cost ; or whether they will repair some omissions by a deathbed repentance and it well-timed admonition to their indiscreet friend . And if the Whigs do not remember their duty , will the independent English Liberals , if there are such , remember , ihe irs ?— Spectator .
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¦ IL -HI Jt \*\ J J'SWl * ^^^^ U'J 1 ^ ^ J' ^>/^ ' < BRUTAL MURDER AT EXETER . The most intense anxiety was excited in this city , en Saturday last , in consequence of a hat and stick being found ia the lane leading from the Deaf and Dumb Institution to the water-side , and which were found to belong to a gentleman ( Mr . Nathaniel Bennett ) , who was missing from his residence , at No . 7 , Colletonterrace . From certain information which transpired , the most diligent search was shortly instituted in the river near Trew ' s Weir , and at about five o ' clock in the afternoon , the body of the unfortunate gentleman was found among the rushes on the opposite side of the water to the lano where tbe hat and stick had been
found in the eatly part of the morning . The appearance of the deceased's face dispelled iu a moment a'l doubts as to his having come to his death by foul means ; there were the marks of a very hea ? y blow on the bridge of the nose , which had produced a slight excoriation , and blackened both his eyes . In the pockets were found only one shilling , aud the watch had been torn away , leaving part of the guard-chain about the neck of the deceased . The body was at once removed to the Custom Housa Inn , by the Quay , where it was inspected by Sir . Edye , surgeon , —at night it was agaia removed to the late residenco of the deceased at Colleton-terrace . The deceased , who moved iu a respectable sphere of life , and was universally held , in high estimation , was engaged as clerk in the offico of
the West of England Fire and Lite Insurance Company , and resided with a maiden sister and servant in the house before-named , but for some days past the sister and servant have been absent from home , on a journey to London . Unfortunately , on Friday evening , very contrary to hia usual habits , the deceased went down to the neighbourhood of the fair , in the Bonhay , aud subsequently entered tho Cattle Market Inn , where there was tbat description of miscellaneous assemblage of males aud females which are to be found at the public-house evening convivial meetings of faiis . In the course of the night the deceased very imprudently made a display of money he had about him , and got into conversation with two girls of the town , who lodge in one of the small houses
on tho bank of the river , opposite to where tho body was found . At about half-past twelve o'clock on Saturday morning , the deceased left tbe Cattle Market Inn , and it having been observed that he was followed by three men , suspicious characters , who had apparently been watching him and overhearing hia conversation with the two girls , two respectable individuals , belonging to Exeter , went after the deceased , told him their suspicions , and volunteered to accompany him home . Tho deceased , who did not at tbis time appear to be in the slightest degree intoxicated , proeetded in their company towards Colleton-terrace , and when within view of his house , said to them— " There , that is my house opposite the lamp . I am sure I need not trouble you to go any further with me , so I will wish
yeu a good night , and am much obliged by your company . " Upon this , the two gentlemen who accompanied him returned towards the direction of Southstreet , but hearing footsteps apparently proceeding from beyond the house which the deceased had pointed out as his , they looked back , but could not see any one , and at once proceeded to their own homes . We have had a long conversation with ono of the gentlemen who accompanied the deceased near to bis heuse , and who happened to be at the Cattle Market Inn , on the Friday night , which is kept by a relation of his , and from this individual we le&ra that the strong impression on hia mind is that the three persons whom he had seen followed the deceased out of the house had overheaid an assignation which he had made with tho two
girls , and the deceased parted with him and his friend before ho had reached thehouseinColleton-tfcrrace in order to proceed forward to the lane where his hat and stick were found , and which was in a direct line to the house where the girls lodge , and that he was there way-laid by the men who had come from the Cattle Market fun . Several persons have been taken into custody on suspicion of the murder . We have since ascertained that the Jury have returned a verdict of " Wilful Murder by drowning" against persons unknown . The case is therefore left to be sifted by the magistrates . There are seven or eight in custody , all young men undtr twenty-one , resident in Exeter , who have been long leading profligate and dissolute lives . One of them is a young man named Pitts , Who appears to have been at the Cattle Market Inn the night of the murder . He is about eighteen years of age , son of a
washerwoman in Bonhay , and by business a tailor . The other is a young man of indifferent character , named Brinsmead , son of respectable parents on St . David ' ahill . Suspicion had fallen upon Pitts , he having been seen in the house on Friday night . He kept out of the way until Sunday morning , when he was met by a person who told him the officers wore looking for him . He made off , and was lost sight of for hour . ? . In the meantime , Stukcs , one of the nightly watch , made an examination of Pitt ' s bed-room , in which he found his jacket , the shoulder aud sleeve of which were very much stained with fresh blood . Pitts was not found until the evening , when he was seen in Alphintonstreet by one of the persons looking for him . He immediately made off in the direction of Oakhamptonstreet , but was pursued and taken after running a considerable distance .
BBIXSJIEADS CONFESSION . The following confession was made on Wednesday last by Brinsmead : — He stated that he was about to go home after leaving the Cattle Market Inn , on Friday night , immediately after Mr . Bennett , and that Pitts came up to him , aud asked him to go along with him , and that they would have some more beer by-and-bye . This he at first refused , but ultimately agreed to do so . They then dodged Mr . Bennett towardB his house , through Southstreet and Holloway-street , at the lower end of Colleton Terrace . Here they met Mr . Baunett , and Pitta said to him that he ( Mr . Bennett ) had been with one of their sis ' , era , and that they would nafce it known if ho did not treat them to somo beer . Mr . Bennett
agreed to give them some , and went to Ugler ' s publichouse for that purpose , but it was shut np . Pitts then persuaded him to go on further , and when in the lane between the Deaf and Dumb Institution , Pitts asked Mr . Bennett for some money . The latter gave bim sixpence , but Pitts swore that he would have some more , and not such a trumpery sum , and added that Brinsmead might have it . Brinsmead said he would , and took it from Pitta Pitts then clasped Mr . Bennett round the body from behind , grasping both his arms , and pressing him against some rails at the side of the lane . He called out to Brinsmead to strike him , which the latter refused to do . Pitts then struck Mr . Bennett a tremendous blow in the face with his right hand from behind , and the latter called for mercy . Brinsmead
then said to Pitts , " You have done it ; I shall not stay here , I shall ge home . " Pitts begged of him not to do so , but he went to some distance , and from there observed tbat a tremendous straggle was going on between the two , who gradually advanced to the path by the Bide of the river . Some heavy blows were struck , and he at last heard a " Blouse" into the water , and cries of " Mercy 1 mercy . '" Immediately after he heard the sound of a person as if in the act of swimming . Be then left the spot , aud proceeded to neat the Custom House , where in a short time he was joined by Pitts , who said , " The man ' s in the water ; he attempted to cut my throat , and has nearly cut my finger off . " The
finger was theu wrapped round with a handkerchief . Pitls added that he had got Mr . Bennett ' s watch and a sovereign , and that if he ever wanted a shilling he ( Brinsinead ) should have it from him . Brinsmead pesltively declares that to his knowledge no women were at all concerned in the matter , and that he had none of the money except the sixpence given him by Pitts . He also said that a third party went with them when they first set out , but that he did not know his name . On Wednesday merning , the watch of the deceased was discovered in the possession of Mrs . Meringo , wife of Caspar Meringo , who keeps a cider-shop and " lodging , house" in tho Butcher Row . -
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POLITICAL BANKRUPi ^ IES EXTRAORDINARY . Joseph Home , dealer in brass , late of Middlesex ' then of Kilkenny , then of Leeds , and last of all of Dundee . —Solicitors , Tottle and Co ., Aberdeen . Tho two last places Mr . Joseph Hume quitted in a very great hurry ; in short , to speak truth , he was regularly turned out of them . The stock of Scotch brass which he always had on hand was well kuown to be considerable , and if Ms brass is appreciated by any parly , there is no doabt of Mr . Hume ' s large stock becoming a very saleable article . J . Walter , dealer in tin , late of Nottingham — Solicitors , Bluster , Boast , and Co ., Printing-housesquare , Blackfriara . Theiirst time this recently-failed trader set up in Nottingham , baring a very large stock of tin , ho did rAmarkfthlv woll _ and oArricA n . 11 Hofni ^ ' ! . ;_ , . » ... » n
failure and dispersion of every member concerned in a great house in town obliged him to quid London and when ho returned to Nottingham again , possess ^ ing but a small stock of tin , he was unceremonioasly turned out . He is a very infatuated old trader and it would not surprise us if he attempted to set us somewhere else , or bought a concern by private contract . Poor old Walter may be seen every evening wearing out the pavement near St . Stephen ' s Chapel and trying hard to get into the House of Commons although he is well aware" that the doors arc closed against him . De Lacy Evans , dealer in sashes , epaulettes , military orders , and cat-o \ nine-tails , late of Imn , then of . Westminster . —Solicitors , Melbourne , Russell , and Co ., Downing-street .
The failure of this trader in military trappings and honours is not greatly to be regretted ; the well . known fact that he had dealt extensively in that revolting instrument of torture , for the use of which he was an advocate , and which continues to disgrace the British army , completely annihilated every kindly feeling of sympathy which otherwise would have been exhibited iuhis behalf , and De Lacy lace-coaled Evans was soon left to shew the remarkable coin , cidence there was between the past and present scene of his adventures , for truly might he exclaim as ha fled , " / -ran . " Fitzroy Kelly , silkmcrcer-nary , la . te oflpmich .
—Solicitors , DiaboJus and Co ., Westminster Hall . Tbis Ipswich breah dcicn has been productive of present ruin to Mr . Kelly ' s very agreeable prospects , and is supposed to have been occasioned by great want of foresight on his part . Having been bred to " the law , " he , of course , finds nothing come amiss to him , and it mast bo extremely comforting to him to know that the solicitors to his estate , DiaboW nv . d Co ., feel a warm affection , and look upon him as thHr own chi'd , superintending and directing all his affairs , and watching over him like a parent . Robekt Steuart dealer in game , late of Hadding ' lon , North Britain . —Solicitors , Pigeon , Piuek , aui Co ., St . James ' s-street .
Ihis failure , we are inclined to think , will turn out a very bad affair for Bob Steuart , who 33 a bankrupt iu every sense of the word . He has , it must be coafessed , brought his ruin on himself , by pursuing ia tho most reckless and untiring manner the pernici * ous vice of pi . \ t in its various destructive branches , Sj proverbial was he for his addiction to this criminal infatuation , that he has long been well known to the public by the nick-name of "Gambling-table Stsuart , / ' What ia eventually to become of this unfcriunato individual we can only conjecture ; ha must , wo suppose , cither consent to expatriate himself , or take up his residence in ong of those receptacles kept at the public expence , and used as a refuge by his congenial associates in vice and infamy , Damel O'CoNXELt , drawing master and collector
of rents , late of Dublin , and now of Meath . —Solicitors , Flatman and Co ., Ireland . This wholesale trader has been set up in Dublin for some years past , where his recsut failure baa created the most astounding amazement to his numerous pitrons and partizans . He attributes his breaking down to the foul-play of his rivals , who certaiulj belong to a most detestable party , fully capable of doing" any work , however dirty or dishonest , to gaia their own ends , and turn their old and inveterate enemy , Dan O'Connell out of Dublin . Dan has at present set up in Meath , but we have no doubt that hip-powerful aud influential friends at Westminster will form themselves into a committee , and soon set Dan . up in Dublin again , to the discomfiture of the faction that has so unexpectedly ousted him .
Euwaud John Stanley , dealer in money , late of Treasury Chamber , U hitehall , a . nd of North Cheshire . —Solicitors , Melbourne , Russell , and Co ., Downingstreet . This youthful trader ' s failure at North Cheshire has occasioned great surprise to those connected with the firm of Melbourne , Russell , and Co ., as it was well known that he procured the valuable Treasury appointment through them , and for which he has been gazetted so very prematurely . The duties of this office , it is now pretty clear , he will never ba called upon to perform . As his father has considerable landed property in Cheshire , we think he cannot do better than solicit from h . 13 parent the first cowkeeper ' s situation that may fall vacant on one of his numerous estates .
Fitzwillum Milton , corn-dealer , late of Maltm , and then of the West Riding of Yorkshire . —Solicitors , Whig and Co ., St . Stephen ' s , Westminster . This very promising commercial man's failure in this great agricultural district , is much ro be regretted , as , although the eldest son of one of the most extensive dealers in corn in this country , and , consequently , peculiarity interested to a very large amount in keeping up the present high prices and pernicious monopoly , Mr . Milten was prepared to deal in . the most liberal manner , not only by adTOeating , on all occasions , the most popular side of tho question , but by rendering all the service in his power towards the speedy abolition of thoso brutal laws , framed for the double purpose of crippling commerce and starving the poor .
HgWaud Morpeth , dealer in views and measures , late of the Castle , Dublin , and the West Riding of Yorkshire . —Solicitors , Melbourne , Russell , and O * Downing-street . This was an extremely upright tradesman , who conducted his business on extremely liberal principles , all his measures ^ being fair and just . His failure will occasion much inconvenience to his solicitors , Melbourne , Russell , and Co ., who did not calculate on hia being obliged to leave the West Riding of Yorkshire . That untoward event having occurred , renders his Irhh establishment a very tottering concern ; the writing icork which ho was in the habit of doing therefor the Goverment will , we should suppose , be soon transferred to other hands , ia which case , as Mr . Howard Morpeth will be completely thrown out of employ , he had batter locate himself with his venerable parent , who resides aot far from Carlisle .
Edward Ltttow Bulwer , dealer in figures and images , late of Lincoln . —Solicitors , Colburn , Bentley , Webster , and Macready . This ingenious tradesman ' s stock , being verylargfl and general , although , not of a very solid or intrinsically valuable description , we are greatly surprised at Ms failure , especially in Lincoln , ' where , w thought he was infinitely more regarded and respected than he turned out to be . Notwithstanding the flimsy articles ho dealt in , he most assure dly was infinitely more entitled to patronage than a rival trader ^ an old , ill-looking , black-whiskered fellow , of the name of Sibthorp , who looks as if he belonged to a hair manufactory . Bulwer ' s present situation must be more novel than agreeable to him . We hop « he will set up somewhere else , and meet with a good return for his trouble . Wili . ia . h Holmes , rat-catcher and whipptr-in > late of fierwick-upou-Tweed , aud then of Stafford . —Solicitor , Nick , senior , Carlton Club .
This bankrupt has , we regret to say , displayed * lamentable want of principle , or ho i 3 gre * " / calumniated by his backers and acquaintances , as 1 * is stated that he left Berwick-upon-Tireed greatly ia debt , although they had furnished him wjta ample means of payment . Notwithstanding this disgraceful conduct , he had the assurance to ask his friends-to furnish him with a fresh supply of casDs when he went to set up at Stafford ; this , notwithstanding his most specious representations , thty very properly refused him , and his credit being very baoj his notorious character having preceded him , J ^ race was soon run , and he was turnedout of Stauora with every expression of disgust and contempt Holmes is now suffering the reward of hia unprincipled conduct by walking about the metropolis pennyless , looking in vain for a job , with his uwp 1 ? his hand , and his empty rat-trap slung over nis shoulder .
Horace Twiss , sweep and scavenger , late of Burf St . Edmunds , residing at present—where he can . — Solicitor ; Nick , senor , Carlton Club . This insolvent elderly trader had the gross assurance to set up in Bury Si . Edmunds , without a penw in his pocket , and was very properly kicked out 01 the town with railroad rapidity . All his affai" &B managed by Nick , senior , who is 'XViss'a chief ao * mer and instigator on all occasions ; but eten o ' Nick is beginning to get tired of the impudent Wo «" hea'd , and from his present dilapidated appearance , we tMuk Nick will soon put him in a snug bertn , whero he can lay his hauda upoahim whenever jw wants a playfellow .
BANKRUPTCT SUPEBEEDED . Cctid Palherston , hair dresser , deafer in «^ j stays , false collars , and calves , late of Tiverton , tW » of Liverpool , and at present at Tiverton , —bolic » w » Cowper , Carlton-terrace . The ancient and highly reputable firm of C ? wp !*» which ia looked on pretty muoh in the light of an . «*« woman , has kept Cupid Palmerston ' s affairs touetoer for him for several years past , and he ww _ ° well to put every thing he has into Copper a can " * —Satirist .
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Herring Fishery . —Tho accounts of the herring fishery along the coast of Scotland , from Or ! u ey to Berwick are , on the whole , favourable . In several places the fishermen have Li in apre successful than iyr home seasons .
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Physical Force . — A ' rumour , and something more , prevails , that Lord Francis Egerion is aM » to raise a troop of yeomanry from among his n ™ ° S ous tenants , and that the example will be »> " by the other Tory aristocracy . If they ^ f S this mode of keeping down tho people , red » submit , for the bread'tftxers are his masiers , *» their name is legion .
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a THE NORTHERN STAR . =========== ^^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 7, 1841, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct391/page/6/
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