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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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It was ft gbCttHpfeMftd *» pea ou fe it jastice . The fools ait 4 Mpi » t 4 » admit ( feat tits Soiree in the eveabvs iMR&fpup M brilliant , " magni&ceat . " Jisjfc JiagSB * j 2 , 70 ° persons sitting down to A-nilBliiil baasjsjt . Two thousand five tandred tidi * a *« re arid , ud ii » ut 206 more of deletes asft aoifoua friends were tufoegoently jtfrimto d * ' TJ » » rr »» geinents ware perfesjt * the sentiments rouging , and the speeches of tfc « ftfrt ordw-- ; but tha * wbieiPjiwtljelJeHed the aei f ^ pb ass iraa , the fffMiatttfrv « f an addressMuiM y arf ^ whabte daatiwd jsag , - jgJfrggi g ^ & r JJSgf tStb "Gffi ^ rtuM AisocHnoo / The mVftner iS ^ MMr
Hiss Jloir read the address , and subsequently enforced the necessity o [ perseverance , drew tears from many an eye . I now pass on to the Greenock Soiree , of which I £ ud you have not hid a report . It was held in the MLechinics' Hall , & spacious building , erected by the working men , and into which they hare jast introduced abon ; i 7 Q 0 worth of valuable books . About " 60 of the working and middle classes sat down : the boose woaid hold no more . It was a splendid treat ; sad never was there a more brilliant speech made skan that delivered by John il'Crae , M . P . for Greenock : the whole was mosi glorious .
On Wednesday morning a deputation of : he ship carpenters waited upon me to say that Mr . Scott , a master builder , had turned off 200 of his hands for attending the demonstration on the previous day . He told them to go to Mr . O'Connor for work . I inquired wa&t he was , and was told that he was a banker ; and I also learned that the society of carpenters had i'SOi ) in his bask , and could probably master about £ 500 more of his notes among them . I told them to go with my compliments , and say that I regretted not being able to find permanent work for them , but that I had given them a jub , to get gold for their £ 1000 of his rags . This seemed to be approved of generally ; and I have since learned that * sovereign in Greenock is thoaght to be as valuable S 3 one of Mr . Scott ' s notes .
On Wednesday I went to Paisley , the most distressed town in Great Britain ; and there we had a magnineent meeting in the Old Low Church , the largest building ia the town , which was crammed to suffocation , thousands having gone away disappointed . Mr . Thomason , the people ' s representative , was in the chair ; oar Charrist resolutions were un&niraoaslv passed ; an address W 15 presented to me from the inhabitants , and also one from the Chartists of Elderslie , the birth place of
"Wallace . The proceedings went off in" the most pleasing manner . At eight o ' clock , we had a very splendid soiree at the great Exchange Rooms , which "was densely crowded . About 8 X > sat down . Singing of patriotic songs and good speaking , with music and soul-stirring recitations , kept us till , between twelve and one o ' eloek , when we parted in high spirits at our prospec-t of speedily relieving : the thousands of distressed who are to be Been ' , piniag in the streets , and hourjy expressing silent j
teems upea . « wiKgaiLt rulers . O * Monday I cxvM *^ Ojie < o"Y > nMtf » U initTiiTn 1 ¦ nm'Tn an important part of » y "history . Dombanon , as Greenock , is a notai ^ p laee for ship building ; and the masters refused the men { liberty to turn out ; however , the ship carpenters ' acd apprentices , to a man , struck work . Just one ¦ word aboas the term apprentices . They are not indentured , but are poor broken down fellows , who tic ' s , from Ireland , the Highlands , and the over-: stocked manufacturing market , who work at the trade for Sve years to qualify themselves as journey-. men . They receive not more than six shillings per
"week ; and after eighteen months are made to do 4 , eqnil work with a journeyman whose wages are fs-eir . 5-foui shillings a wees . Thus the masters , for three years and a half , pocket eighteen shillings Sfretk for their instmotion , and thus does machinery ; aScCJ ev&n the ship carpenters , as the market is full of apprennees coming from the manufacturing . town ; ; and this system has made the men entirely dej . ead = nt -upon their employers . I explained this with great effect to the ship carpenters ; and all .
row are beginning at long last to discover that sie&m is the inveterate enemy of man . Our meeting "was no . to have been in Dumbarton ; it was to hire been in the Vale of Levea , a heavenly valley , CvsaiHiiCing about three miles from the town , and farming a beautiful vale embossed in a rising ground , not hills or mountains , but as it were , a radiant boundary of slopes . Our meeting was to bare been held in this sweet spot ; but the tyrant masters , after having giveE their men permission to attend on Tuesday , recalled the leave on
Wednesday s . x zoon . In tni 3 dilemma , what wa 3 to be done ? Fir * :, I must tell you that we held a meeting in Dumbarton , a : two o ' clork , to which the ship carpeutiTi" apprentices , and a portion of the population mirched in procession with music and all the insignia of their craft . We had a very spirited meeting ; but ail looked forward to the night—and now , what ia the dilemma was to be done 1 Well , I'll tell you ; the brave children of the valley thanked G > d that at night they were free of their taskaa ~ : era , and they instantly set about making hundreds of torches—aye , in fi \ ih , torches !
The night was awful ; bat at six o ' clock , the ship carpenters' apprentice ? , and a number of good Chariists left Dambanon wiih a band of music , to Dom the procession about three miles onward . I started with the Committee about half-pas : six , and the siltnt vale upon oar approach , made the slopes arwn > d re-echo with the shouts of liberty , while the brniias ; blaze of torch light iihimiaed the valley for o-es around . We passed through a town called ¦ Renton , where we received an accession of luaiaaries , iags , and a band , and thus aug-ERn * - £ ¦! , we marched on about one mile and a half
A . uer to Alexandria , where we were met by another =- ^ of torch bearers , a reinforcement of numbers , s another band ; and the procession being thus ^ h -icted , the vale presented such a soene as non « - ' = mnabttants ever before -mmessed . As far as ts ? ej ; could reich the smiling countenances of the « S ; and daughters of the peaceful valley were to be seen sencisg forth their jocund mirth in spite of *" ad aad rai ^ ^^ fel ] ^ torrent 5 , My friends I cannot describe the tScci which , the
c - ' ^ . ty of rjch a scene , and the amazement of the : ^ - -Tegited thousands had upon all around , there- i rare they shall speak for themsslves . With one : «» rd the working men declared that they would j fcv > i have lost the demonstration for a whole year ' s **«« . Mr . Thomason , M . P . for Paisley , who is j cow located in the rale of Leven , and of whose ? Teat services all bear testixnony , nearly lost his I fs&ses and wa 3 with difficulty restrained from j j ^ apin * out of the carriage as it went on . The j Coniffiir . se , a set of the most spirited and line j feJcws I ever met with , were equally delighted , ; " ssid they had never upon acy former occa- ' ~ ° n = « n a lents part of : Le number assembled ? . i A * Vt 2 . But now comes the " touch snd go . " It was , *~ s ii : e ^ i ; c-n of the ccm . mt : ; ee to have gon . f on to
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Bftnhill , KK > U « -W «; on jp ; ^ iaf-Bde of ttej r irer LeTeir ? tar ^ alte ^ 'BUijPtafrpoIista have built s toll bridge otet th » wate ^ aa < l a ialr > ennj toll u paid by qaaefa f ( wTytewngbr . Jart »*» ft reached tbe UM-SKfe * * pm&& ** prtofma ; * s l * rge j ^ oars , w * Q « l » 1 i » fei <| B « b their wfr ttrnftet «^ 1 « nd np < A t 3 » e * rt || te retcMng the " gate , the people w « N DurmA > m | . and not being prepared
with bu ^ pMee , nwiMt desperate . We }! , afc Mends , yo * en better imagine th * a I dew ^ Je ' my poeiticNb ' . Jx » t picture to youraeHes m Ba ^ at , enthnaastfc patpta intendtBg to join in piouwUin ' sepantod bj & iurge iron fate , while I , in- # ie doaiof ni ^ t and in a strange country , found flif-Mtf surrooaded by thousauds aod itmt of thou-MBtdi OTer when 1 oould aot hare an iaatedlaie TatSOrei i and whew one iocautions , or riofent , or jgjp ^ jtifess act Blight have committed me in any pirittp-which oMorred . In thii dilemma , and not jfc ^ jKfcmitt fe » . ^ ata > keejffb . | he ship earpeftters a ^ van 1 eT ^ m > ^ wiSnBiefr ! Spim » te"f Ihe two parties met with the gate only between them , and threatened instant destruction of tte gate if it was not opened . Thus situated , I proclaimed silence , haying first ordered a place to be cleared to the right of the carriage , and directing another party to go to the opposite side and turn the carriage , horses and all , around like lightning . This manoeuvre was performed as quick as thought , and instantly our party left a space of about twelve yards between the carriage and the gate > at which tl ; e Bonhill men still continued to thunder . Hereupon I commenced speaking , having tent about twenty men to keep order at the gate ,
and in the space of a few minutes , all could hear , and then I began t » reason with them , saying that I would first address those at one side of the river , and then proceed on the bridge to Bonhill . This had the desired effect , and upon the close of my address 1 insisted upon all retiring from the bridge ; this order was also promptly obeyed . The gates wero thrown open , I joined the procession on the bridge , and thus ended the most anxious moment of my whole life , and one which for some time threatened consequences of which no man could see th 9 result . Our Eecond "procession soon formed , and onward we marched through the whole town , in brilliant style , to a spacious hustings provided for the occasion .
It had been originally the intention that I should have addressed them in a large church , but it was discovered that one-twentieth of those present oould not gain admission , and to the hustings we repaired , where I addressed the vast multitude at considerable length , and apparently to their satisfaction . At the close the procession again formed , and with torches ilaziDg , colours fljiDg , and hands playing , we retraced onr steps to Alexandria , where a pablic supper had been prepared ; a 3 we reached the
bridge a second time I made my way in advance to the fcate , but the toll-keeper very good naturedly threw i ; open free to all . I had now—ten o ' clock at night—been at work for twelve hours ; had addressed ¦ three out-door meeting 3 ; and proceeded to take my place at the festive board . The people ' s own room was beantifally decorated with the Star portraits , laurels , and evergreens ; an excellent supper was tastefully laid upon the table ; that best and most eloquent of men , John M'Crea , was in the chair ; Mr . T ! nyp * 9 on , the people ' s schoolmaster and tnmit
** & * # & * &&- ¦ wpaywMgfe aid l ^ eech , as aid Mr . fkomasojl , and * WJ * Wre pleased to say that mine was not a bad one . I was fifteen hours at bard work , weni to bed at half-past one , got up at half-past six on Friday , and started for Glasgow , about nineteen miles ; breakfasted at Glasgow ; and , at twelve , started for Hamilton , in company with the brave , the bold , the indomitable James Moir . The rain fell in torrents , and the prospect of a meeting was nearly hopeless : however , when we arrived within five miles of the place of meeting , Bothwell Bridge , the clouds opened , and the sun sent forth a succession of brilliant beams , which gave us a hope that all would yet be well .
On our arrival at Bothwell Bridge we were met by a large procession , with bands , and a great number of large and splendid banners . We marched on in procession about two miles , to Hamilton ; and here again ; he people , who understand the locality , shall speak for themselves . Moir stood up frequently and looked at the moving mass , exclaiming that it was truly wonderful ; and all the people declared that they never saw such a demonstration in Hamilton . The ground is uneven , the sun shone bright and clear , and the effect of the procession moving in the low ground as we viewed it from the
heights , was truly grand . At length , afier traversing the whole town , we reached a well-made and commodious hustings , where resolutions were passed and addresses presented , and capital speeches made by Moir and several working men . The middleclasses attended , and so great was their anxiety to meet and hear me again , that they offered any reasonable sum for a ticket for the soiree ; but could not procure one . Many , however , had previously provided tickets ; and at half-past seven , we sat down to an excellent soiree in the largest church in the town , nearly 1 C 00 in number . Mr .
Hamilton , of Stone-house , was in the chair . Mr _ Moir and myself were the only speakers . There were several amateur singers and clubs in attendance to enliven the evening . Moir made a capital speech ; and I may , from the result , say without vanity , that I did not make a bad one . I say from the result : because many , very many confirmed Whigs , who were my bitterest opponents , gave in their adhesion to Chartism—and as bitterly as ever they denounced me denounced their organs which they said had grossly maligned me , the Chartists , and their principles .
My friends , I speak of fact 3 , and only of facts , which every working man , in Hamilton , can confirm , namely , that some of our bitterest enemies have now declared for the Charter . Let me give you one or two instances : —One gentleman , who was in the habit of denouncing me and my party , on his return from the soiree , went to a coffee-house and took up the Glasgow Argut containing a report of our Glasgow meeting , and which represented me as a wild declaimer ; he instantly tore the paper is pieces , and swore he would never read it again , declaring that the Whig press had been the ruin of Reformers , in consequence of its slander of the Chartists . Another gentleman met me and said that he was converted . But hear this ; a 3 I was returning from the out-door
meetirg , a very gentleman-like person , dressed in black , made his way to me , and in presence of those who accompanied me , rushed up , seized me by the hand , burst out crying , and said , Sir , I am , or rather I was , & high Tory . I came thirty miles to satisfy myself . Dear Sir , I am satisfied . God bless you—go on with your holy work . " On Saturday morning , as I was about to start for Strathaven , the whole committee assembled at my hotel to say good * bye , and the Chairman did me the honour to say that my visit had rendered Chartism triumphant —that their old and systematic opponents met tb-sin at all corners , shook hands with them , confessed the justice of their principles , and tendered them their support in their accomplishment .
At twelve o ' clock I left Hamilton for Stra ' . haven , amid the cheers and blessings of the blistered hands . Mr . Gevin , from Straven , ( as they call it for brevity , ) came for me ; aad in order to mak ? my tour as bece-
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^' ' pj ^^ . lw ^ ieji of Larkhafl , who « Wa 4 ed t&e ' iafa'AiMM e * the previous day , and marched ftiS ^ ife ^^ amkfl milk their white Sag , r * qrm-tfm ^ -: i * # g &tMre 63 them . The whole pfipuIati ^^ tota ^^ MtV ^ I did address them in a Hipeeejp ^^ SB ^ tbr taral villagers . The afcopfceegttg itfcoJ * dy % Kd X Ihmk I staggered *^ BBBfe jf £ gr % qwqMftatj or Tory gorern-J ^ j ^^ 0 Mp | pBibbtioii . Froia Larkhall , we pro-. ^•¦ M ^^ pMww , another large Tillage , about * fc * ee -jji&rfion : Bkravea ; and there likewise the whole population tamed oat to hear the " wild Irishman ; " and , I think , I shook their faith also . Here
the prooeasion from Straven , met us ; and , in truth , a procession it was . The day was cold but fine , and as we reached the town our numbers increased until at length the whole population appeared to have congregated . Ttw Irishmen crowd in great numbers - te this place to dig the potatoes ; at present thare are about MwiKmcbre ^ r 6 f «** ugr » tiD £ 8 torviDg * eoStry » e there ; the day aot being fit for their work ( as potatoes cannot be safely dug while the ground is wet ) , they all joined our procession which at length reached a very excellent hustings .
Mr . Geyln was called to the chair . A resolution to petition the House of Commons for the Charter and one of confidence in myself were passed ; and after I had spoken about an hour , the meeting adjourned again to assemble , as mauy as could find room , in a splendid new church , capable of holding about- eleven or twelve hundred , and of which Mr . Campbell is the pastor . This gentleman though very young , is considered the most highly gifted person in the West of Scotland ; he is of very prepossessing appearance , and has a countenance beaming with intellect and humanity , which 1 am told is a true index of his
character-Here an address was presented to me , which I forward with a request to Mr . Hill , if possible , to make room for it . It is the production of a starving hand-loom weaver who never had a vote , and lyt * who is insolently told that knowledge should be the test . If it is inserted , you will then judge of its merits . 1 spoke for an hour and thirty-five minutes . I know that , as the clock was opposite to me . I was the only speaker . The bankers of the town , and nearly all the middle cl&sses attended ; and , as at
Hamilton , 1 converted all our enemies : and lest those who are prone to falsehood themselves , should suppose me to be guilty also , 1 have to request of the men of Greenock , the men of Paisley , the men of the Vale of Leven , the men of Hamilton and of Straven , to meet and briefly to state through the Star and Scottish Patriot , the effect which thej believe my visit to those several towns haa had upon the very highest of the middle classes . This 1 ask as a favour , and as a means of producing a similar result elsewhere , aud also as an answer to those papers which abuse me and my party .
I remained in the Session House attached to the church for a length of time after the meeting , to get cool ; and the most working of the working men assured me , that I had disarmed every one of their bitterest enemies . It was by far the largest demonstration they have ever had . Thus , my . friends , commenced , and thus ended my first week in Scotland , daring which I have been travelling to , addressing , and attending public meet-^ injggjgj iafathoqia ^^ r fifteea-JtoaTs » dayy ^ br tfo wfcofe ^ iweiu la rain aad-BTntshine I have addressed sixteen public seetings ; and am now , thank God , very much better in health than when I landed on Scotch ground .
Ou Monday morning , Messrs . Moir , Ross , Cdllen , Millar , and a gentleman whose name I don ' t know , came from Glasgow to Straven for me ; and they had an opportunity of hearing and judging for themselves . While they were present , one gentleman came into the room , confessed his former prejudices , admitted hia conversion , and declared that he had been a reader of the Glasgow Argus but would now give it up and for ever .
Have I not now , in part , redeemed my pledge that without stirring a hair ' s-breadth from the Charter , 1 would get the middle classes to join you \ I now renew that pledge , and promise you , that without going one bair ' s-breadth to the right band or the left , wo will , in three months , have three fifths of the middle classes with us . I have expounded the Charter temperately- I havo pointed out your sufferings and their consequent poverty and debasement . I have exposed the vices of the present system , and the advantages which our system vroald confer upon
all . 1 have exposed the fallacies of the Corn Law Repealers , and made manifest the absurdity of the remotest hope of resuscitating the Whigs as a party . I have explained to the middle classes the danger of an impoverished people ; and to the working people I have stated the claims which the Irish have upon them for support for the only measure which they consider would render them ample justice-Upon the whole , my beloved friends , I am vain
enough to flitter myself that my vwt so far has been productive of great good . I rejoice to tell you that the "Old Gentleman" himself never again will be able to direct public attention from the true and only Chartism . We have resolved , and I think wisely , to allow all the spurious outshots to live and die unnoticed , as we only give them importance by recognition . Chartism haa increased in Scotland one thousand per cent , since the English persecutions commenced .
I think there is only one circumstance which I have omitted mentioning . At Greenock , the people have a most talented and virtuous instructor in the person of Air . Thomason ; and , prior to leaving that town , I visited his seminary of from 100 to 150 young Chartists , all brought up in veneration of God and love of liberty . I shook hands with every one of them , and blessed them all . Let not my English
and Irish children suppose that because I am enraptured with the Scotch , I therefore , lore them the jess . No , I lore all alike , and will struggle night and day , until I make all happy , peaceful , and prosperous , or I will lose my life in the attempt . Again ' I say that / u-ill break Oppression ' s head , or Oppression shall break my heart . " Onrrard and we conquer , backward and we fall . " " Wniversal Suffrage , and no surrender . "
Lei no man mention the words " mural force" and " physical force" any more ; we have in Scotland stripped the hobgoblin naked , and whipped it from the land . I shall next week send you a narrative of the week ' s tour . Meantime , let every man , woman , and child sign the Petition . It is a " whole hog" petition , and so much ihe better . We reserve nothing ; and he who is our friend will sign it . We want no delusion even upon paper . —I am , My dearly beloved friends , Your true and faithful Friend and Servant , Fkarous O'Comkor . Black Bull Hotel , Glasgow , Oct . 17 th , 1841 . , „_! ,.- ¦ -I -U I I I l ^ j ^ 0 t If 1 ¦ '
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¦¦ i 'M '" BHBFPIEM > ' . ^ Bfrom oufr own Correspondent . ) SuND 4 | gKvEt « NG Lectobe . —Mr . Otley lectured to a Ter ^ j |||>« etable audience , on Sunday evening , in the roaa » i * £ H « -Ti » e-iane ; the subject of bis discourse wa » , " -n : Wisdom of our Anwatora . " The lecturer divided M ^ Wdress-into three principal potts , viz Religion , jPfcilotopby , and Politics , and in each department bvottbt forward most extraordinary , though weliautheHtiojfed fact * , illustrative of the " wisdom , " or rather , UM 14 VOU folly of * ' our Ancestors . " Under the head of " ^ Religion , " the lecturer narrated the disputes ot the "jftarned" in the Middle Ages , upon the question of *< l | ow numy angels could dance on the point of
a needle £ adducing many similar proofs of their wisdom . ?* . ' . Under the head of " Philosophy , " he exposed th « absurdities of astrology and alchemy , and the barbarous cruelties inflicted on hundreds of unfortunate features for the alleged crime of witchcraft ; and andpr tbe > head « f " Polities , " tie examined the boasted * ' wisdom" of our fathers , commenting upon the well-known mode of settling disputes by " trial by batter which the lecturer showed was the foundation of tigpny M the laws by which we are still goveraeiL ^ Aljthe close of the lecture , Mr . Harney re ^ . A ^ MKWftttgr letter front Peter Foden , at the prgsfcnt time in Wakeflela lien . The l » ttar , which is much - too lengthy to insert , breathes throoghout . a spark of unbending hostility to oppression .
Bronterbe O'Brien , Esq . —On Monday last , this incorruptible and talented patriot rialted Shefljjetd . Splendid green placards announced that Mr . O'Brien would lecture on the evenings of Monday and Tuesday , in the New Circus . The magnificent green silk banner of the National Charter Association floated in front of the building , while from its summit two beautiful tricoloured flags revelled in the braze . On the doors being opened , at seven o'clock , a rush for seats took place , and almost immediately the gallery , pit , and boxes were filled . The Circus will hold upwards of thirteen hundred people . Some delay in commencing proceedings was occasioned by the very miserable supply of gas ; the stago was in darkness , while it was with the greatest difficulty that the people in the
gallery could be seen , and this state of thinga continued during the whole evening , much to the annoyance and discomfort of the audience , candles being to be procured to render the lecturer visible , and allow your correspondent to perform his duty . The conduct of the parties connected with the gas works was most disgraceful ; they demanded a sovereign previous to the lecture , which was paid them , and yet , after all , did not supply the gas ; but this shameful work is only another proof of the bitter hostility entertained towards the principles of Chartism by the plundering profitmongers , who fatten on the fruits of the poor man ' s toiL We were similarly trioked by the gas company upon the occasion of tbo dinner given to Mr . O'Connor , in the theatre , and it would be most unjust to
these who pay their money to hear and see , to allow such scandalous doings to pass unnoticed . On th « motion of Mr . Otley , Mr . Gill was called to the chair . Mr . O'Brien immediately came for ward and wan greeted with the most tremendous cheering , which , with clapping of hands , and waving of snow-white handkerchiefs , testified the delight of the people on seeing once more their patriotic friend . When silence had succeeded the oft-repeated and boisterous applause , Mr . O'Brien commenced by rematking . that he had been about to say he was glad to see them nil , but for his soul he could not see them , though they appeared to be glad to see him—( laughter and cheers ) , —and as one good turn deserves another he would have been glad to see them ; for to see honest people was a treat to him , after
seeing none but thieves and smashers for eighteen months —( laughter );—to give us no gas , looks like a plot to extinguish us—( laughter );—they have tried their hands at that before , but failed . I am not extinguishedyon are not extinguished—and the flame of liberty , that burns brighter than ever . ( Cheers . ) He supposed they all knew that for the last eighteen months he had been io quod ; that for that time he had been keeping the company of some very honourable persons—very like a set of gantry in scerhiln house in Westminsterthieves and blackguards—( laughter);—that now he was bound over in some hundreds of pounds to be of good behaviour , and to keep the peace ; his being of good behaviour m « ant that be was not to expose the bad behaviour of certain of ber Ma £ esty ' a servants ; his
keMhffigTjjjft . peaoe . foeapfc toot h ? m » not to dsrajiuw thYfomlBf tpf ajMonndfel police keeping the peace by creaking the heads of the people in the Ball King . Well , he' was bound to be of good behaviour ; the best proof he could give of his good behaviour was , that , in sixteen days after hia liberation he had attended sixteen meetings ; u he had been keeping the company of thieves and smashers , it was only proper to tell them why he was sent to Lancaster Castle , lest they should think him as bad as the company he had been keeping . Well , his offence was , that , on invitation , ha had attended a meeting simi or to this in Manchester ; the meeting was strictly legal ; nothing was there said or done opposed to the law . But , twelve months after he was dragged to the bar to answer the charge of
attending a seditious and illegal meeting , and then and there conspiring with divers persons unknown , t ? the number of five thousand or more , to get up routs , riots , tumults , insurrections , and rebellions against our Sovereign Lady ra « fiw . een , her Crown , and dignity . ( Mr . O'B * excited roan ofttogbter by his mimicry . ) Now he had no connection with the people attending that meeting , yet were they all conspirators . Now , all that he had said upon that occasion was approved of by the people , nay , applauded ; but their good opinion went for nothing , against the opinion of the miserable wretch who gfee evidence against him . Well , they imprisoned him—ftoSy confined him in a felon * cell ; the cold stone mt bis floer—the cold stone for the walls of hit dungeiw , » nd bis only furniture a three-togged atook
For thi first six months he was denied pen , ink , and paper 4 * nd allowed to bare no books but those given him bjCThe chaplain . Now , he must do Parson Kowley the juauce of saying that he was a very fine fellow , and mtjpen good he had reaped from Parson Rowley ' s prayera , ( Laughter . ) After eighteen months' imprisonment i&b all sorts of villains , who at ihe termination of tlie ^ Mnnneraent were let loose upon society without bopd , shackle , or restraint , he was liberated ; but before letting him out , he was brought before a magistrate ,, and asked would h « confess he owed the Queen $ & 9 ? Ha replied he supposed he might as well confw * tbr « , for whether te did so or no , he presumed to Majesty would say he did . " Just to , " said the worthy magistrate ; so you sea what was . the
magistrate ' s opinion of our lovely little Queen ' s honesty ( Laughter . ) Well , the faction that had imprisoned him hQ « ow gone the way of all flesh , bnt we had bat excbangeVty rants ; we had gotten another set of thieves to rule us « the place of those we had put down . Now , he wantsd—and he trusted they wanted the sameto put down thievery and tyranny altogether . ( Cheers . ) He had an idea that the days of the present infamous system were numbered : if the people had honest leaders it could be knocked on the head quicklyleaders -mho would give up their jealousies , abandon their rivalries , and pull honestly together . let them have such—such to direct and command them , and the infernal system would speedily be brought to the dust ( Great cheering . ) He understood the subjects upon
which he was expected to address them were—the means ot gaining their rights , and the use to make of those rights when gained . ( Hear , hear . ) Upon another oqwsWii he would give them his opinions as to the meatp of gaining their rights , bnt now would give them his opinions as to the use they should make of their rights when one * achieved , though with many of their leaders he differed as to the remedies foi the evils of the present systom , yet he contended for nothing but what the law of nature sanctioned , and the law of revelation approved of . ( Cheers . ) If the people had the Charter to-morrow it would be perfectly nseiess , unless they made use of the legislative power it would confer on them to obtain for themselves—that is , the whole people , a complete and absolute controul
over the land , and a Bimilar oontroul over the making and issuing of the money ef the country . ( Cheers . ) Th « people had been taught to look to a reduction of taxation , or the annihilation of certain monopolies , as the only things needful to restore what was called England's prosperity . Now , he was an anti-Corn Law man ; he was for the repeal of the Corn Laws ; he was for reducing taxation—but they must pardon his saying , for he must speak the truth , whether they liked it or not , that tile repeal of the Com Laws , the repeal of the soap tax , the repeal of the malt tax , or the repeal of any other tax was sneer humbug . In his opinion , if the Com Lv *» were repealed to morrow , if the national taxes , aye , and the local taxes too were all swept away , no permanent benefit would be reaped by the working classes . Mr . O'Brien then entered on the question of the land , and asked , " What valuable consideration do
the landlords , give in return for the sixty millions of rent they pocket ? " The answer might be : — " They give the lsrtd . " But the land is not theirs to give . Wfco made it theirs t Neither reason nor revelation sanctions ihe robbery of the soil . ( Cheers . ) Here then you are robbed of sixty millions per year in the shape of rental of the land ; yon are robbed of about two hundred millions yearly in the shape of usury and profits—again you are robbed of your occupancy in the land . They had all read Mr . O'Connor ' s letters to the Irish landlords—they would remember that Mr . O'Connor had shown that was the land let out into small allotments of ten acres each , a man renting ten acres might support himself , his wife , and children in abundance of food , and would have at the year ' s end , a surplus of £ 45 worth to ispose of in the manufacturing maiket ; now in Ireland nlns-tenths of the labourers do not , taking the
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year through , get mor « than sixpence a day ; but we will suppose they get double this , 897 s shilling a day , this will be £ 18 4 s . for the whole-family the ytsthrough , thus instead of living is abnatiance and having a surplus of £ 45 to dispose of in articles of manufacture at the end of the year , they have to starve the year through upon £ 18 ; why was this T because they are robbed of their right of occupancy in tbe land . If they had that , and that they would have- if they got the Suffrage —( cheers )—they could do what Mr . O'Connor wishes the landlords to letfthenu do ; the robbing of the people of their right of occupancy in the land is a robbery transcending all others ; oompared with this the sixty millions of rent is a mere trifle . He repeated that the landlords rob the people two ways ;
first , rob them to the tune of sixty millions in the shape of rent . He might bo asked would ha not take rent if he was a landlord ? He had no doubt he would . He did not quarrel with the landlords receiving rent , if a majority of the people sanctioned it : what he demanded was tbut the whole people should have a voice in the political and social arrangements of society , and what ho protested against was the landlords making use of the power their wealth conferred to prevent the people having any voi « e in the formation of the institutions of society . He might be asked wonld he take the land from the aristocracy , no , he would not , but he would compel them to sell their land to the state . ( Cheers . ) Shfl 4 JdhA | lT * to ^ N 5 « BKpjber of the House of Commons , andhemeanttoiw—C « rw « lh »« fiMV--taaho « idfceiUbt
duty to propose that when a man diet , his estate fabalf revert to the state , that Is , that the Government for the people shall purchase the estate from the heirs of the dead man , giving to them the full valuation of the estate ; the heirs should not have the land but the price of it ; for broaching this doctrine , your precious member , Mr . Ward , had , in in his miserable , trashy , Greenacre journal , denounced him as a spoliator ; the charge was a false and lying one ; he was no spoliator , he had never advocated the taking from any class nnder tbe present system—what he advocated was , that nnder another and a better system every man should have equal facilities of acquiring property . Now , the law he would propose would not take effect till the man was dead . Would that be robbery ? Did you ever hear a dead man
cry out that he was robbed ? ( Laughter and cheers . ) Oh , but then he would rob the heirs . How could they rob a man of what they never had ? How could they be robbed if they had the fair value of the land ? But how are they to be paid the value ? He would answer , out of the proceeds of the land . The devil ' s in it , if the land , which now returns sixty millions in rent to the landlords , would not then return that and something more . If tbe land was allotted into small farms of ten , twenty , forty , or fifty acres , tbe occupiers could for better pay £ 5 per acre than 30 s ., as is paid for many thousands of acres now . The worthy lecturer concluded his remarks upon the land by observing that ha was not the inventor of these doctrines , he was only proposing what bad been advocated by the great and wise of all
ages , but bad never been yet carried into effect , because the sword had always been employed by the aristocratical brigands to smite and crush those who dared to defend the rights ef the human race . Mr . O'Brien next took up the subject of the currency . In former times it was treason against tbe sovereign to make or issue money . But as the aristocracy and moneyocracy acquired power they trampled the prerogatives of the sovereign under foot . Up to the time of Cromwell the aristocracy were compelled to defend tbe state—to raise and pay troops for tbe defence of tbe country , but when they had cut off the tyrant Charles ' s bead , they—the greater tyrants—the aristocracy relieved themselves from all feudal services , and compelled the people to perform those services instead . Now as they held their estates
on condition of performing these services , when they ceased to perform them , they ought to have ceased to hold the eatates . The monied classes have Increased in power too , to that extent , that , in conjunction with the aristweracy , they now rule the country—the sovereign is a mere cipher ; they have taken from her her crown lands , they have robbed her of her private income , so that she cannot get even a basin of soup without a vote of the House ot Commons . If you knew a tithe of the villany committed in the United States by the banking scoundrels , you would say that kings , and priests , and lords , and thieves of every other description were personifications of virtue compared with these smashers and robbers , the makers and issuers of bank notes . They would , perhaps , imagine that
their bordeas had been reduced since the close of the war , if so , they'WerernteTwr-Tnore wrong . They were told the taxes has been reduced from seventy to fifty millions : the Tories in fifteen years took off sixteen millions of taxes ; the Whigs in ten years took off rive millions : but now see the villainous humbug of the thing . In 1812 , a £ 100 stock in the Three per Cents would sell only for £ 60 ; now a £ 100 stock will sell for £ 90 . Thus has the fundholders' property increased fifty per per cent ., that is , instead of their burdens being reduced , they had increased ; but this is not all . Since 1812 , the prices of goods have so fallen , that every £ 1 of the moneymonger's £ 90 would purchase twice the quantity of goods now the same money would have
parchased in 1812 . Between 1812 and 1831 , Birmingham goods had fallen to one-half , or between that and one-third of their cost in the former year . In Manchester , the fundholder could now buy three , and in some cases four , bales of goods for the money it took to purchase one bale in 1812 . Things , he believed , were not much better in Sheffield . He was told that for setting , that is placing the blades in the bandies , a few years ago the workmen could get 4 s . a dozen ; now they could get but Is . a dozen . ( Several voices , " 'Tis true . ") Of course all sorts of cutlery bad depreciated in . price ; and the fundholders and men of fixed inopmes r « kpe ^ WbeaeEt When Pe ^ passed hia infer ^ , BiU trns ©^ wen , t&t li ^ mm m ^ M ^^ la
more v . » W « aKWp and onr weans | q support th ^ WrcV > 8 ^ PjWWim us curtailed ; it would fiavi % eji' ^ ^^^ ttf then Government had one apifrlc of honeety ia , UB composition , that it should have reduced , oat bar ' dens to the . ' like extent . Pe ^ , Ko * s ^ jui ^ < Jjf Times newspaper have deol&req over ana overagurv that the Legislature is not to blajne for tha existing misery—this misery , say these worthies , id the ' iii * evitable result of the progress of civilisation . ( Iron- ' ical cheers . ) " Fools that these working men are , *' says the Times to imagine that the Legislature is to blame on this account : let them show , by legislative enactment , the distress can be removed . Let them immediately draw up an Act of Parliament to do away with the distress ; and
corrupt and tyrannical as these working men imagine the Parliament to be , we have no hesitation in saying the legislature will be most ready to sanction such an Act . " Such has been the language of the Times ; but , my friends , this is all humbug . It is not one Act of Parliament that has brought us to our present slavery and misery ; nor is it one Act of Parliament will restore us to liberty and happiness . He was ready to prove—1 st . That all the social evils we complain of are tbe resuHs of Aots of Parliament—2 nd . That these Acts were framed for the purpose of robbing the people—3 rd . He was ready to point out the particular Acts . He would take the statutes at large , and point out , not two or three , but hundreds of Acts , passed for tbe purpose ot
plundering the people . He was ready to prove that the people were plundered two ways—1 st . By not being allowed to earn wealth—2 nd . By being robbed of that they do earn . He was ready to prove that large masses of the people were robbed of five-aixths of their earnings . Mr . O'Brien here stated the wages of tbe weavers of Cumberland , Lancashire , &c . He might be asked , what had the law and the Parliament to do with that \ His answer was , who are the robbers , and who are the receivers of the stolen property ? They were the parties who live on fixed incomes , whether rents , annuities , pensions , &c . &c . The fundholder who , in 1812 , could only get £ 60 , where he could now get £ 90 , could also get four bales of goods now , where he only could then
get one ; this he was enabled to do by the competition among masters bringing down prices ; and the competition among the workers bringing down wages . Ho would ask , who is it bat the Government that gives the fundholder the taxes 1 What have Acts of Parliament , indeed , to do with the misery of the people 1 Everything , was his answer . All the Ioars that have been contracted since 1694 , have been contracted by Act of Parliament . What had legalised usury in this country ?—Aots of Parliament . It was not till the reign of Henry VIII . that usury was allowed in this country . Usury is deaounced by the common law of the land . Usury was denounced by the Fathers of the Christian Church . Usury was denounced by the sacred writers of the New Testament . Usury was denounced by
Moses and the Prophets . But Henry ' s infamous Parliament flung Moses and the Prophetioverboard , and legalised usury entailing upon us its unspeakable curses . But for Henry the National Debt would have been long since paid off . As it is , we pay the debt every twenty years , and yet have it always to pay . I before said that the men of fixed incomes were enabled to plunder the wealth of the working men—in a great measure through the competition in the labour markets—but what causes this competition ? Tha cause is , that the people have been robbed of their right of occupancy in the land . Villains talk of surplus population . Let the surplus population be placed ou the laud , and see the results . In the first place , those on the land would , as shown by Mr . O'Connor , live in abundance ; secondly , there would be a far greater amount of food raised than at present , and , as a matter ot
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W v fyo ^^^ O ^ ^ QJz f- " *~ £ J- M 4 )\ coarse , food would be tax ehsaoer ; and i&odly there no longer being the present competitionip tha labour market in our manufacturing districts , tha manufacturing artizan would be able to dictate terms to his employer , and , as a matter of course , his wages would advance— -or , suppose this not to be ( he case , still one shilling then will procure as much food as three shillings now . ( Cheers . ) In Naples-just bow the four pound loaf may begot for twopence—in London it costs tenpence . Now , wBy should not the four pound loaf be purchased & ? cheap in London as Naples ! The answer was , Acts of Parliament prevent it . He repeatedhe
attri-, buted to Acts of Parliament , and to Acts of Parliament only , all the social ills that afflict as . ( Cheera ) Mr . , 0 'Brien , having spoken for above two boifJA , concluded by commenting on the Newcastle Electros * showing that although the veritable representative 0 f the people , he was , by an Act of Parliament , pjr 4-ve . nted taking his seat in the House ef Commons . Lei them , then , puil together , honestly and det « rmiflt diy to make their Charter law , and secure t » themueites the earnings of their labour , nnfilched by the » a thority of plnndering acts of Parliament . H& sa * d o * m amidst the © fr-repeated and enthusiast !© eneerinfc'of the meeting .
TBW 0 . VY EvBsim . —A . select cowpnoy of the ? nnendB an d admirers of Mr . O'Brien entertained that gentlewaa to dinner ia' the Jarge roo-n ef the Blacfc bwm . Burgess-street The dinner was aerred up shortly after six o ' ekek—the provisions nade retieetad every honour o » the worthy host , Mr . Parkeswwho- is an able and aealoufr advocate of the goo * cause ; On the cloth being remwred , several patriotic ? songs were sung and toasts £ » en , including . t& 0 health of the patriotic gwst , Mr , O'Brien . EJniversal enjoyment pervade * the cwnpanyu » til tb «
» , swift-winged hours notified 1 'twas time to make for the Grew , whither we proceeded , and foand ft again thronged , to listen t * the words of wfecrow and instruction from the lias-of the-people ' s f 7 fearf . Shortly after eight o ' clock , Mr . Gill was again calledto theehair , and Mr . O'Bnwn ; who * was received with the like demonstration * - of applause as Ao previous evening , immediately commenced " his address by TOTiewtag the rem « dh » suggested by Pain * and Cobbet ^ for removing the distress of the peopfe f eo 9 nB
wiSfmSSSSummwlt' !^ - ° * ^ benefit . Mr .. O'B . next entered at great length inte ^ the bi 6 tory and villany ot the funding system , and showing tho means , and the only means by which * the National Debt could be paid ofi » Mr . O'Brien then showed the way in which the pubHc propertythe crown lands—the church lands—the tithes—the taxes—the rates , &c . &o . were plundered from th * people ; and concluded a very Jengthy > and truly eloquent lecture by inviting discussion ,. and express * ' ing his willingness to reply to any question put tohim . Mr . Hollyoake , sooiahss missionary-, stepped forward ; iff a brief but beautiful address , he expressed his admiration of the principles and talents of Mr . O'Brien ; at the sama time , he took exeptioa
; o certain things advanced by that gentleman , as to the impracticability of the msans by which tbe Socialists proposed to achieve their ends . He ( 'Mr . H . ) maintained that their schemes were perfeotly practicable , and he believed thM it would be found , ultimately , that the shortest and surest way of gaining political equality and social regeneration , was ia ihe adoptioaof the schemes of the Socialists , at thesama time he should be ready , and he trusted Socialists genorally would be equally ready to afford to the Chartists every ivelpand aid in theirpower , in their struggle for justiceand right . Mr . H . was loudly cheered . Mr . O'Brien rose to reply , but before doing so , noticed a question put to him from one of the boxes , to the effect of— " Why was he opposed to the Corn .
Law Repealers I" In answer to this question , ha advanced three reasons for his opposition to tha repealers . First , that the Repealers do not propose any measures to accompany the repeal , which measures would guarantee the benefit of repeal to tha mass of the people . Second , Because the repealers have been the unrelenting persecutors of the Chartist body . Third , because the anti-Corn Law movement was got up to put down Chartism . Mr . O'Briea proceeded to speak at great length in support of tha above , exhibiting as he proceeded , the villany aud rascality of the repealers . His remarks were responded to by the most tremendous cheering . Mr .-O'Brien then replied to Mr . Hollyoake , with whom , though he differed , he expressed himself as being highly pleased . Mr . Otley then moved the thanks '
of the meetiDg to Mr . O'Brien . Mr . Harney . seconded the motion , which was carried by acclama- - tion . Three glorious cheers were then given for Mr » O'Brien , three for Mr . O'Connor , and three for the Charter , when the meeting dissolved . The proceedings lasted upwards of- four hours , it being past twelve o'clock , wnen the chair was vacated . The great length of the proceedings and the crowded state of our . columns must be our excuse for giving but this very brief and imperfect outline of the business of tbe evening . We must not forget to mention that a . great number of the fair sex were present each evening , and . appeared to feel deep , interest in tha ' truth-telling statements of the Poor Man's Guardian . Ml . WUrmtxbw ^ mon » im « i « M »« M »* u&t-a £ gaad hfjhis visit to Sheffield , the fruits of which we trust will be speedily seen .
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E . XPPONDEN . —On Sunday last , Mr . Veverp , of Huddersfield , delivered an excellent address to an attentive and numerous audience , after which several persons came forward and enrolled their names as members of the National Charter Association , both males and females . On Monday last , Mr . Duffy related to as the horrors of refined cruelty practised in Northallerton Hell-holo , and urged on his hearers the necessity of joining the National Charter Association , for tha
obtainmeut of . Universal Suffrage , which alone could save the working classes from the gnawing fangs of Whig and Tory tyranny . At the conclusion of his address , three cheers were given for Mr . O'Connor , three for Frost , Williams , and Jones , and three hearty cheers for a Repeal of the Union ; after which , thirteen more persons came forward and joined the Association . Our room is capable of holding above four hundred persons , and is crammed to suffocation every time we have a lecture delivered a it . ¦ . - .. . ¦ -, ¦ .. ¦ .-.. ¦ ..: : ¦ ¦ -- ¦ - . - ^ - r
» HOWBEH .-Mr . SkovingtoQ lectawsd itictim TW ? d » j ^ ftl * tim ' ftthft- > 4 lMket Place , to * veryss ^ M ^^^ s ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ¦ ' ^^^¦^ - ^^^^^^^^^^^¦^^^^^^^^^^^ J ^ v ^^^ n ^ ff ^^^^^^^^^^^^* " ^¦^ S—*• —¦^ JW # u& ^ fti £ flipie&ti # fliatricte . Chtt meeting wafcwett- « ttAade * to Wednesday evening , ^* mmu $ xes ) &mtab 6 t&ir&re mrolled , On ^ Suniiay , in lh « morning , Mf , Ote ^ , l « B ^ nsA * fcBi& * o «* 6 »« B « thou * airt *^ # * te mi&eftf fed uCoUiew * Hia exartin * bave been orowned with abradant auceess- ^ upwar ds of three hundred good members , and » happy spirit of unity ae # love to our hoiy cause is manifested , and each , member seemB to outvie the other in striving to promote the principles of Chartism . We fully reckoa on twenty thousand signatures for the Petition , and are determined to do everything in our power to induce our noble-minded patriot , Feargus O'Connor , to pay us a visit .
Lads Grave . —Mr . Candy lectured here on Sunday afternoon to au attentive congregation ; and likewise read the National Petition , and the Glasgow Demonstration . This little place is quite healthy in the cause of Chartism . Bbadlet and Halls Gbeen . —On Monday evening , Mr . H . Candy unfurled the banner of Chartism here to a numerous audience . It was fully expected that Mr . Mason would have been able to come ; but not obtainiug him , Candy was sent for from Wolvexhampton , a distance of nve miles . Sedgely . —On Tuesday , a public meeting waft held at the . Swan , to hear Mr . Candy give a lecture upon the People ' s Charter . The room was well filled , and the lecturer attentively heard . At the > conclusion , several members were enrolled , and an Association commenced . This is the first Chartist lecture ever given in the place .
BARNS 1 « E"S\—TheBaraaley Chartists held their usual weekly meeting on Monday last , when 10 s . were agreed to be sentto the Executive , at Manchester . The Secretary read a letter from the Hon . J . S . Wortley , M . P ., in answer to a memorial sent to the Home Office , in behalf of Wm . Ashton , and Joseph Crab tree , of which the following is a copy : — TO MK PETSR HOST . Sir , —With reference to a memorial which Ireceivetf a short time since , to be transmitted to the Secretary of State , in . behalf of Joseph Crabtree and William Ashton , I have now to enclose the answer which I have lately received to that application , which I forward herewith . I regret to find that it is unfavourable . I remain , Sir , obediently , J . Stuart Wortley . The following is the answer : — Whitehall , 11 th Oct . 1841 .
Sir , —Secretary Sir James Orabam having euetallf considered your application in behalf of Joseph Crabtree and William Ashton , I am directed to express to you bis regret , that there is no sufficient ground to jus tify him , consistently with his public duty , in advising her Majesty , to comply with the prayer thereof . lam , Sir , Tour most obedient humble servant , H . Manners Suttok . The Hon . J . S . Wortley . STONE , Staffordshire . —A deputation from Hanley visited this place on Monday last , for tbe porpoM
of forming a Charter Association , they were met by aa interdict , the Tory magistrate forbade the landlord , oa pain of lou of hia license , from permitting such charae * ters as Chariists to open any ^ awociation at his house ,, and although the room was properly fitted up fox th occasion , they were obliged to leave without being able to speak to the people . But though magisterial tyranny has prevailed in this case , yet the visit has not been without good , and though they must not meet at a public-house , yet such is their determination , that if they cannot meet in public , they will meet ia private houses and sow the seed of Chartism , even in defiance ot tiid power of tyrannical and haughty magistrates .
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Iscexdiakt Fire . — On Tuesday evening , about eight o ' clock , a fire was discovered to have broken out in the stable-yard of Mr . Clark , a very respectable farmer , at Kirby-Hardwick , near Mansfield . We understand that thirty-three stacks , the entire produce of seven hundred acres of land , were consumed . Tne fire is supposed to be the work of au incendiary . The property was insured .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 23, 1841, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct402/page/1/
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