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ro THE PRODUCERS OF WEALTH, AND ALL THOSE WHO LITE BY INDUSTRY nN THE LAND.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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V 1 BBATIM REPORT OF THE CHARTIST TRIALS AT LANCASTER . THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED , No . 4 , OF 1 A VERBATIM REPORT OF THE BECEWT TRIALS ^)? : FEAR&US O'CONNOR AND 58 OTHERS , AT LANCASTER , FOB RIOT , SEDITION , TUMULT , AND CONSPIRACY . rpHE above Work will be Pablighed in Weokly Numbers of 64 Pages of Royjal Octavo , Edited by X FEARGUS O'CONNOR , Esq ., Barrister-at-Law , and to which will be addedi A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE CAUSES OF . THE DISTURBANCES OF AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER LAST , With Notes upon the Trial ; also a Dedication to Baron ROLFE . A SPLENDID PORTRAIT OF TBE JUST * VDGE WHO PRESIDED , WILL BE PRESENTED WITH THE LAST NUMBER ( GRATIS ) To those who have been Subscribers to tho Work . . a Portrait will be Executed with a view to its being placed as a Frontispiece , and when completed , which will be in about four Numbers ; tbe whole will make a valuable work . Price 7 d . a Number , in a wrapper . The Pdrtrait gratis . ; Subscribers and AHonts are reqaeated to give their Orders to Clbave , 1 , Shoe Lane , Fleet Street , London ; Hbywood , 60 , Oldham Street , Manchester ; and Hobson , Northern ) Star Offioe , Market Street , Leeds . ¦ ' i
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jjj Jbiembs —There is nothing that happens , jVtfiih eTer so wonderful or smisa&l , "which is mmatnraL moment an event lakes place it is natural , rrinoihins c * 11 ** more out ° f ^ 6 con" 1101 ! coarse of I jjjue , than thai * man irifli money should havfrttn-Knotedjw Trer 0 Ter * o « lifej ^ he liberty , and comforts rf » lv ge po ? non of hiB feHowmen ; jet so it ia in rtg par vomlrji in those oar days « f civilization MiJ ijnproTemenfe .
A mastsx cannot Trilb impunity take the life of his jygjfcjaanj it is true j neither ean be , without some jggjmed taose , consign him to a pibon ; but he can a y then shalt not labour for me , nor ytt for any of «» err and yon shall die of want , or go to gaol fa thieving . jipw , throughout tb © whole of the manufacturing < Qsinct 5 of Ens ^ and , sad reality has taught this les-« oa io those who live bj labour , and who are liable to fce disdtarged upon a moment ' s npiice , and against yibosz farther emplojment the fiat of the destroyer joes forth with all tie force of an edict .
If you Jove your position and are satisfied with tobt condition , throw down my letter with discijst , imif 30 ^ *» 'weary of your fate , and are jttfa desirous of a better , read on , and say whether jfce measure * Ipropose for yonr release from bondage jnd strrSe dependency , are wise , and good , and lesahle . jteneiabeT , above all else , that I am in nowise * o be a participator inanjoenefit whieh may arise from the success of my plan ; ii is no more than an penmen ! . I see well-made mechanics either
^ ^ seeping the streets , or parading them in groups , as BB fEfSj or stnlkiDg into shades from shame of pererij ; " ¦ fl *™* * ° * pest-honse—a Bastile , for joecoDi- —I £ « e the bet employed paralizsd by the wecjnonsness of their tecnre . To-day at work , tomorrow unhired and paBperised , withont any fault of ibaroTm . Isee thepoor street-sweeper looking wiih gsnujai i ^ newly-invented street-sweeper and en--jpng the horse that has deposed him . 1 look to briber tmpzorm&te , * n& in each Ana all I reoog Tnie a lash added to the whip 'by which the labourer
33 pinushe 9 > BeBere 3 , -fijei ^ -oraot , my heart sickens at such Eights , and mj understanding tells me , that I am bound , and erery man is called npon to risk life and ^ personal comforts , and submit to odium , and taunt , zed persecution , w destroy the growing monster . Tj ? a general distress of the working classes is * djnisted npon all frxmU , -while each has M 3 peculiar nostrum for &eir relief . 2 Jece is ths Iaxd . I am aware that to talk about pigs , and potatoes , and cabbages , to men earning 7 s . or 8 s . or 10 s . a-day , wonld be a rudeness , while they could buy them ont of the proceeds of their labour , and what more had they to do Trail them 1 Bnl bow the time has -arrived when
tohiTelhem yon must grow ihem by yonr labour for yonrselTes . Bemember that a potato is milk l latter , cheese , pork , beef , mutton , eggs , lamb , ponl-} rj , wool , and fine doth ; because from the rade potato , each and everv one of those tbing 3 can be produced in a HDgle season . Therefore , while yon mold attach all importance to money , which you caosot get to purchase them , do not despise even the potato , ' which you can grow , and by which you preserre them .
Always hear in mind that the great complaint of your masters is , that the artificial labour market is oTer-stocked , and that politicians look to yonr expaHiauonasaremec ' y . This furnishes me with an irresistible argument in favour of my plan , because ihej i « th join in recommending the application of JSugSsb labour to the land of foreign countries . "RTiy sot then apply it to the land at home ! Here especially when all the expence of transportation would be thereby BaTed , and which , if applied Jo Lome colonization , would be more than ample , riale tbe anticipated benefit from an increased con-523 nption « f manufactured articles would be rarely exceeded . 1 will tell yon the reason—Because free faoour , would very speedily look for in Just ihare in ¦ &e gevenxjient of the country .
Insomeprawonsletteron the subject ofEpade cultivation I placed before you a table ^ howing the profits ¦ fr om one man ' s labonr upon ten acres of ground . It may be yon lave forgotten it , nor shall I tire jot -mih . repetition Just iere . I feel that many whoneTersawa green field may say , « What do 1 inotr abont farming V To those I wonld say , * TFhat did you know abent spinning , or Ehoe-EiTdng , or cabinet making , or coat making , until jso . lad paid a premium , and spent seren years in Vgnrpg the ari , while the art of farming can be ksnied from your neighbour , and may be practised &r yonrself withont premium , or a seren years ' ¦ B ^ ris ade ?"
Bai I go further ; I say that I don't require any &W who is ignorant of the blessings of a home , snd free air , to leare the cellar and the fog—I merely * m $ to open the wide 4 oor for all who desire to Q kr ; and , by taking off tbe Eurplns , to remore fis oretstock from the cellar to a good home , when las ^ abour shall n&YB been rendered more raluable tjless competition . Now , that is my desire , Poor acres being the amount which I propose * s % inng to each labourer , I shall now proceed to i £ »» it 3 cspab 2 jties ; not in the most beneficial "Sjjj bot from practice and experiment Hereafter IihaH exhibit its real Talne when culmated to the Sreaiea adTantage .
Mr . Iioion , of Selby , in Yorkshire , a large iron lomdEi , ad a person most anxious in his desire to b ^ itr the condition of the working classes , has * a& a practical experiment , of which the following Say he taken as an ontline . He rents three roods > OT three qE&rters of an acre of gromsd , for winch he Paj * £ 4 , ci at the rate of £ 5 63 . 8 d . ? ti acre . He iss iept a correct accouat of the profits , which I ¦ sronld thani him to snbmit to you through the columns of AtSlar , while I giTejust enough this ^ k to diow th e Talne of latt . Bi -when applied to tod . "When Mr . Linton commenced his operations ,
«» wilhad not more than two inches of surface ; * e pjjd the enormons rent in consequence of USTahe ircm its hwg what is called town land , 5 WBTenient &r a householder . Its -ralne as land » fte esmntry would nol bs more than fifteen JSags an sere , if so much . By the application ¦« labour , he has ghen this heretofore barren soil * « afaee of tighieen inches . And now for there-^ Of his txpenment . Upon this three- ^ Barters ™ an acre M , last jeai , fed two cows and eight ^» hades a quantity of poultry , a £ d had Tege-« Wes for his table . We will the eight pigs —¦ ¦ niw
suppose . v ** j « u ipu ^^ vsw ^ - ¦* f ^*^ -m f ** n w coEHBiaeas mueh as two eoTP 3 , in order that we f * J eoiaB to something j ^ e a calculation of Talne . JL ° f fie has w * culiiTated anything near the 5 ? ° ^ of iie three-qnart € rs of an acre , asd he gives ^ ^ BKT three shniings a-da y for every day ' s l 5 t ^ t ^ e is no gr eat art in growing cabbages , KQajs , and potatoes , nor ia there much in throwing CJV ? eow , ormmiiMng her , selling her milk , ^ Jnai 5 s gj or muking cheese . LeaTing out eTery-™ &inen , hnt the four cows , see what the profit ^«* sb days' labonr leares , for that is , I under-^^ fi » number of da-vs * work reouired for all
«*¦ -Union ' s operations n ? to the present time . ^ aoperaiiTe can now sell his labour for I 03 . a Bee w C 0 I 15 * * himself a happy manj and let us yjS this scale what it would be worth . W « ^^ owen ppoie that Mr . Iinton's bad ground pos" ¦ j * » y charm beyond that which labonr can w ttcaaieate , and the following is the result upon ™* SMrtas of an acre . He feeds , or could feed , ^^ cohs . Soppose each cow to giye six quarts of ^* at a meal for the ax summer months , at two-^ 5 ° qnart , each cow produces £ 18 -4 s . ' s worih * Ui £ , and , to be nndpr . IxVb = PS A * frnm fho -nm .
~?_ « each , it leaves profit upon ih © four cows . fat thirty days' labour , and 15 s . rent ; for his " * ti worfli more than - £ ljto acre , or 15 s . for ^ Starters ^ ^^ y ^ four &ats ^«« d a the Fame way , wonld leaye , after de-55 * . f * -fe . . * oai ihe iboTe moderate rate t o ^ T 11 ^ 11 "ndprice , the Bam of £ 300 per " ^ oni of whici £ i rent Bhonldhe paid . ^ jsepfic may ay , - O , we are not all milk-^ j -SOW could tojBMs market for milk , ahnS ? ^^ So I say , but I hare selected ea ° * l «» least profitable of all produce , as an '* ortL tZ ** lab 0 nrWhen appHed t 0 hadh '*•*• The land may be made to produce other
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things equally TaluaWe , and all that can be required for the comfort of man . My immediate intention in making the experiment just now , iB for the purpose of meeting , combatting , and defeating the unholy project of transporting the surplus poor " to foreign regions , in order that they may become consumers of English mechanical productions abroad . It the project of Mr . Charles Bnller and the Malthusians shall once receive the countenance of Government , and backed , as it wonld assuredly be , by capitalists and owners of machinery , then would commence a new and rigourons reign of terror :
then wonld the Poor Law system be presented in its trae colours ; then would the prison become a place of refuge for the destitute ; and then would all and every means be used for the purpose of induoing , provoking , compelling , and forciBg the industrioas classes to transport themselves . It is with a view of mee ing those new crusades that J have nnderlaken to present to your minds , your own land in the shape , the form , and loveliness your own industry could confer upon it . It is in order to induce you to shake off the bngs , instead of abandoning the bed to them , that I thus lay myself open at once to the
assaults of the landed proprietary of the country , and to employers who would still keep you in bondage , that they may buy your labonr in ttie cheapest market and sell its produce in the dearest . In thus propounding the scheme for your consideration , however , yon are not for one moment to suppose that in my most sanguine moments 1 anticipate from it more than the means of making your teeth water for your Charier . Ko , for if to-morrow , by chance , or otherwise , yoa achieved the possession of 4 000 , 000 acres of land whereon to locate 1 , 600 , 000 heads of families , or 5 , 000 , 000 persons at five to a family , without the power of the Charter to
preserve it , tyranny would watch the first fitting opportunity to dispossess you . To show yon thai I am not extravagant in my notions , I may here explain the extent to which 1 hope to succeed . I hope by a great exertion to see you possessed of say 20 , l'O 0 acres of land , or fenr acres each for 5 , 000 heads of families , making in tiie aggregate 25 , 000 dispersed orer the faca of the conntry , say in forty divisions , large and small , according to the size of the counties , and
when the Great National Charter Association is re-organised , ( as I hope very shortly to see J I hope to be able to say to tbe tamely starving operati-resof Manchester , Oldham , Leeds , or Huddersfield , go and see tbe free labour market , and ask what they can get . for their labour in it , and then ask how you are to do likewise , and the answer will be , the Chasteb ; and then , but not till then , win there be a cordial , a united , a powerful , an irresistible " Srattsts" for the achievement of the " Psople ' s Dh \ ktkt »"
As long as land bears the franchise , so long will its ewner keep it out of the retail market ; once stop it of th * i property and thentha plan , which I never hope to see more than experimental , will become general 4 thea that which should else be done by societies , and which , after all , can be but sectional , will become national from very necessity . Crammed as the public mind has been to surfeiting , with tbe fallacies of free trade and the anticipations from transportation , we , as % grand
national movement party , must now r >» prepared with our means of relief , and our arguments in their favour . Unless we can show the good and industrious why they should remain at home , they will be driven to savage climes , to contend against the same savage system under which they have been destroyed ; but if we can convince them that system is the bug , and that to make home what home ought to be , is in their power , then will all ** unite " a conspire" and " combine" to destroy or to muzale the vermin .
The body , the only body by which the agitation for such a purpose can be , or ought to be carried out , is the Chartist body under the name and designation ef the National Chartist Association ; and for that reason and for that purpose , I am more than ever anxious that each locality should be now thinking of the beat means of giving effect to my plan , or such other plan as shall be submitted to the body when digested in Conff -ence , so that on the whole it may be recommeudt , not as the plan of Peargus O'Connor , but as the plan founded upon the . best suggestions of all , who may be selected for this undertaking . It is to the producers of wealth alone that we musi look for the means of making the experiment , and the experiment as the means of wedding the public mind more dearly to the Charter , as a further means of making it national .
Now , to show that I am not extravagant m my notions , and to prove that the plan is easy of accomplishment , let us see how far it can be carried out . Suppose 20 , 000 acres of land at ^ 1 per acre , that wonld be £ " 20 , 000 & year rent , on lease , say of ninety-nine y « ars . We could , on payment of £ lfl « ., 0 G 0 fine down the rent to £ i 5 , 000 or 103 . per acre ; 100 , 000 subscribers at 6 d . per week would , in one year , pay over £ 125 , 000 , leaving , afterpayment of £ 300 , 000 , a surplus or more than . £ -25 , 000 , and npon payment of £ 100 , 000 fine , £ 100 , 000 more
may be raised ; thus , at once , there would be a capital of £ 125 , 000 to set the thing in operation . lEdeed a very few benefit or trade societies could at ence start it and insure fiye per cent , for their capital , while the other funds might be appropriated to starting the colonists so as to give immediate effect to their undertaking . But of this , more in my next , in which I hope to be able to lay before you the whole machinery for working a district comprising 1000 acres occupied by 250 labourers and their families , and what applies to one district will , of course , apply to all .
I - have received a number of letters upon the subject all highly approving of the project , and from which I select the following for publication 1—" Dear Sib , —The joy , the pleasure , and thedeli ? ht that I nave felt this evening by reading in tee Northern Star the means yon propose ioi the deliverance not only of the white slaves in this , but of all the countries in the -world , ia cuch that I cannot get words to express -what I feeL May God Almighty spare your life a ^ d make you the happy instrument of being the liberator and Baviour of the human race , which I believe the plan you mean to propose , if followed np , will BHsnradTy effect . " Until this evening , I bad no hope that the productive classes would eva- get theii freedom , politically or morally , but by violence .
" I will tafce in hand , or do the best I can to get oOO subscribers of sixpence and upwards per week , for the purpose of Tnat ^ -ng the ¦ working classta proprietors of the land , •¦ Wishing you every Euccesa , " 1 am , dear Sir , " Yours sincerely , "JOBS HEXBT . 11 Cherry Garden-street , Bermondsey , loth April , 1843 * ' F . O'Connor , Esq ., Hammersmith . " Now , if a few others were to look as cheeringly npon the project as the writer of the above , tbe work wonld be speedily completed .
There is only one concluding observation which I deem necessary to make hsre ; it is this : —In the consideration of the subject let . it be borne in mind , that Land is the only raw material to which individual labour can be suo » 3 ssfully applied . That the single husbandman stands in no danger from com petition , combination , or centralization . That come what will , be his produce cheap or dear , he cannot st » TT « v noT"wiUDB depend fer existence , comfort , 01 labour on the whim or the caprice of another . I am , your faithful Friend , Fkabgds O'Cokkob .
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"Dppeb WiSLBT . —Mr . Butterley , of Halifax , will deliver a lecture at this place , on Sunday % ( to-moirow ) , at two o ' clock in the afternoon . Mr . Batterley , will also deliver a lecture in Swan Coppice , at six o ' clock in the evening .
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MANCHESTER . A public meeting of the inhabitants of this Bsrougb was held in the Carpenter ' s Hall , on Friday last , to take into consideration the conduct of Mr . Baron Qnr . ney , one of Her Majesty ' s Judges , during the trial of Wm . Jones , at Leicester Aasizss , for sedition . The meeting was called for one o ' clock in the afternoon . On tae motion of Mr . D . Donavan , Mr . John Nuttall was unanimously called to' the chair . The Chairman opened th » business by reading the placard calling the meeting , after ¦ which he made a few appropriate remarks upon the circumstances which had called them together to perform a great public duty , and concluded by calling upon Mr . Wtttt Dixon , to move the first resolution .
Mr . Dixon , on coming forward , was loudly cheered . He said , Mr . Chairman and Fellow-Townsmen , —Yon are called upon this day to perform a dnty which you owe to yourselves and the public . He would much rather tbat the resolution which he had been called upon to move had been entrusted to the care of some ptrson more capable of doing jastice twit than hlmselt It was a resolntion in which he fnlly concurred , and in order that they might judge of its merits or demerits , he would read it before he made any comment Resolved , " That we the people of Manchester , in public meeting assembled , do tender oar best thanks to Feargus O'Connor . Esq ., James Leach , Christopher Doyle , and the other brave patriots who so nobly defended themselves and the cause of Chartism , during the recent trials at Lancaster , and we hereby express our unabated confidence in them all , and oar determination to co-operate with thern in obtaining a redress of
the many grievances under which we are suffering , and Becnring a full measure of justice through the enactment of the People ' s Charter as . the law of our country . " . He ( Mr . Disoo ) was confident that the resolution wonld meet with a heart ; response from every lover of freedom . No man could be ignorant of the fact that the cause of universal liberty had received an impetus unknown in the history of Chartlgm , by the conduct and general deportment of the defendants at Lancaster . He l Mr . Dixon ) had bad the honour of witnessing their conduct in Lancaster , and also the mighty change that took place in tbe public mind in Lancaster , concerning the Charter and the Chartists . Mr . D . then related several anecdotes relative to tbe various conversations whieh he had heard upon tbeir first going to Lancaster , as to what the Cbartista ought to be done with , and also the mighty change which took place in their opinion before the close of trials .
The resolution wss seconded by Me . Maesde . n , daring whose speech , the Rev . Wm . Hill entered the hall , vrhen the entire audience rose simultaneously , turned round in their seats , and continued cheering , waving of handkerchiefs , and manifesting every possible symptom of delight until the Rev . Gentleman had made his way to the platform , and for several minutes afterwards . The speaker briefly concluded by seconding the resolution , which , on being pat from the chair , was carried by acclamation , and repeated rounds of applause The Chaieman then introduced tbe Bev . W . V . Jackson to move the next resolution .
Mr . Jackson on rising , was greeted with rapturous applause . After the cheering had subsided , the Rev . Gentleman spoke to the following effect The resolution wHch he held in his hand was one with which he agreed with bis whole heart and soul . He ( Mr . Jackson ; considered that the conduct of Baron Gurney was not only highly improper , but unconstitutional in the extreme , durfc-. g the trial of Mr . W . Jones at Leicester , &nrt deserved the censure of every honest man . Of ¦ what was Wm . Joaes charged 1 Why , sedition J—tbe nature of which was the calliDg of the police unboiled , or raw lobsters . Perhaps he ( Mr . Jackson ) had better beware what he said about the police , for when be was tried it was for endeavouring to bring the police foreu into disrepute . He did not call them on this occasion the unboiled . Sat , nevertheless , be believed them to be just what Wm . Jones had called them . He considered that Baron Garney bad acted unfairly to Mr .
Jones , by his frequent interruptions both daring the cross-examination of the witnesses , and also when making his defence . Mr . Jones was sent six months to the felons' cell for speaking disrespectfully of the police , -whilst both Wbigs vn& Tories were allowed to make use of language a thousand times stronger , not only against the police when it suited their purpose , but also against the bishops , magistrates , her Majety ' s ministers , and against the : Queen herself , and no notice was taken of them . The prayisg . canting Bailey might suggest the propriety of casting lots who should shoot Sir R . Peel , and go scot free , whilst poor Jones , because he called tiw police by their proper name , must be treated in an unlawful manner by the Judge who tried him ; and , after suffering every indignity and insult at the hands of the modern Jeffries , moat suffer six months imprisonment into the bargain . The Rev . Gentleman concluded by reading the
resolution" That this meeting declares its entire and unqualified abhorrence of the conduct of Baron Gurney , upon the trial of William Jones at . Leicester , believing it to be unconstitutional ; and that a memorial be presented to her Majesty , signed by the Chairman , embodying the opinions of this meeting upon the above subject . " Mr . C . Dot IE rose , for tbe pnrposs of seconding tbe resolntion , and was received with cheers . Mi . Doyle commenced by saying—Mr . Chairman , and , he might say , Brother Chartists , he felt great pleasure in seconding the resolution which had !> een so ably moved by the Rev . Gentleman who had just eat down . They all knew that he ( Mr . Doyle ) was & particular friend of those ecamps that dare not show their focss in day light , dressed in their own garb . Be had tbe most
profound respect for them ! In fact , bis ( Mr . Doylo ' s ) respect for them was so greats that if he had the power , he would make them all honest men , by making them work for tbeir living , instead of being , as they were at present , a burthen upon the public ; and if this was not respect for them , he did not know what was . It was always an act of kindness to make a rogue into an honest man . William Jones was an honest and industrious Chartist , and an intelligent one , too—one that was endeavouring to make mankind better in their Bocial , and political , and domestic condition ; and , not like the scamps and vagabonds of policemen , who appeared against bim on bis trial , who live but to produce misery and wretchedness amongst a starving ai ; d oppressed people . He ( Mr . Doyle ) had told the judge and the jury at Lancaster that he
did not hold a very good opinion of those gentlemen in bine ; that he believed them to be unprincipled vagabonds , that would say or swear anything . In fact they were ready , at all times , to take oaths by the hundred , and would swear that black was white , and tb : it blue was no colour . Wny , the fact was just this , that Little-Finality Jack , backed by the Tories , found that there were a great many thieves in the country , and fearing that they wonld be falling fonl of their property , thought it best to make a provision for them by gathering them together all over the country , and instead of calling them by their proper names , they gave them tho cognomen of—What ? Wny , tbe Mural Police Force But notwithstanding his i-Mr . Doyle's ) abhorrence of tbe UHboiicd , as Mr . Jones called them—but be would not for tiie ^ orid call tfe em socD ugl y nameB—his disgust at tbe conduct of Mr . Baron Gorney was two-fold more
strong , for this reason , his standing in society led us to expect from him a different . line of conduct than that manifested on the trial of Jones . His ( Mr . Doyle ' s ) opinion of his conduct was this , that he had disgraced the BacTed office that he had been appointed to fill with justice and equity , and ought , therefore , never again be allowed to contaminate the judicial bench with his polluted person . And If the country did their duty they wonld Bend him after his twin brother , Judge Abinger . for in his ( Mr . Oojle ' opinion they were as near twins in iniquity aa possible . H « was sure that if there was anything wanting before , to convince the people that they would never have justice done to them nntil they had the power of appointing ail publio efficers , and holding them responsible to the
people for the manner in which they did tbeir duty , the condnct of Judge Abinger at Chester and Liverpool , and now that of Gurney at Leicester , was sufficient to convince them of the necessity of uniting to obtain & full measure of justie * for the whole people . When they Gonld see every day that one party could say what they pleased , aye , and rob when tbey thought . proper , and no notice wus taken of it : but if a Chartist even said anything that t ffended s poltroon of a policeman whom he was compelled to maintain , he must have all the powers of a corrupt Government hounded upon him , and a part < Zin Jndge to annoy , and in an unjustifiable manner to interrupt him in defending himself , because ehance had not given him the means of employing counsel . He ( Mr . Doyle ) agreed with every
word of the resolntion ; its language was just what it ought to be ; it was right the people should express their unqualified disgust at the conduct of any Judge that could bo far forget his duty as to oppress a man like Wm . Jones , becaee he was a poor man . If ( said Mr . Doyle ) it bad been Mr . Gisborne , or Finality Jack Hut bad been on their trial , bow different would have been the conduct of Baron Gurney . Would ne bate Interrupted them ? No ; his language would cave been , — " Oh yes , $ « u can , set tip what Una of defence you think proper ; yon nave a per * feet right ; chose yonr own line of defending your -own case . " Mr . Doyle concluded by a tow more very pithy remarks , in which tbe Corn law Repealers came in for their full share of the benefit , and eat down by
seconding the motion . The Chairman then put the resolution to the meeting , and it was carried without a dissentient MtDixoj ? rose for the purpose of moving a memorial to her Majesty ; and in doing so , be would foot occupy
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— - ^ , ! , any great length of their time , as there was a gentleman or two woo had yet to address them . He would content himself with reading the memorial : — To Her Most Gracious Majesty , Victoria , Queen 0 / Great Britain and Ireland . The Memorial of the Inhabitants of the Borough of Manchester , in publio meeting assembled , on Friday tee 14 th of April , 1843 ,
Humbly Sheweth , —That William JoneB , cordwainer , was arrested on a charge of using seditious language , at Leicester , on the 29 th of August , 1842 , and , aftex an examination before the Magistrates of Leicester , was , held to bail , to appear and take his trial at the ensuing assizes held at Leicester . That on Friday , March 24 tb , 1843 , tbe aforesaid William Jonea did so appear , and was arraigned before Mr . Baron Gurney , one of your Majesty ' s Judges , and pleaded not guilty , and , was consequently put upon his trial . ¦ That the Baid William Jones , being undefended by Council , was necessitated to conduct bis own defence .
That during tbe woss-examinationa by the said Wm . Jones , of the witnesses brought forward to substantiate the charge against him , he was repeatedly and shamefully interrupted by Mr . Baron Gurney , with a view , as your Memorialists firmly believe , of preventing the said William Jones from eliciting facts connected with tbe case , tbat would have a tendency to remove any preconceived prejudice existing in the minds of the jury against tke said William Jones . And your Memorialists further believe , that by these unjustifiable interruptions on tbe part of Baron Gurney , the said Wm . Jones was materially injured , by being prevented from Shewing to the satisfaction of tbe jury tbat those portions of ( he speech for which he was arraigned at tbe bar , were garbled and mutilated boos to serve the purpose ef the Council for the prosecution .
That duriDg the time the said Wm Jones was addressing the Jury in his defence be was frequently interrupted by Mr . Baron Gurney in an insulting , savage , and dictatorial tone , which was anything but creditable to the Learned Baron , and totally at variance with the true administration of justice and tbe spirit of tbe British Constitution . That your memorialists are of opinion that such unjust conduct as that evinced by Mr . Baron Garney is pre-eminently calculated to bring the judicial functions and tbe proceedings of what ought to be courts of justice and equity Into disrepute , and ultimately into contempt ,
Tbat your memorialists are convinced that the said Wm . Jones has not had a fair and impartial trial , wing to his not being allowed to cross-examine the witnesses against bim or follow that line ef defence , he thought best calculated to disprove tbe crime of which he stood charged , and upon these grounds your memorialists believe tbat the verdict of Guilty returned against hin > by the Jury and tbe consigning bim to prison for six months by the Judge , are both cruel and unjust . Your memorialists , therefore , beseech your Majesty to exercise your royal prerogative , and give orders tot the immediate liberation of the said William Jones ; and also that your Majesty would be graciously pleased to inflict such mark of your displeasure upon Mr . Baron Gurney , as will have a tendency to prevent bim and others of your Majesty ' s Judges from making the Courts of Justice into mere perversions of that sacred
name . And yonr nemorialists will , as In duty bound , ever pray , io . Mr . DlXON said he quite agreed with tbe memorial which he bad read to them ; and , therefore , begged leave to move it Mr . J . Lame seconded the memorial in a seat speech . Tbe Bev . Mr . Hill was then introduced to support the memorial , when the immense audience again continued cheering ia like style with that which greeted him on his first entrance , for some minuttfl . Mr . Hill spoke strongly in support of tbe memorial , denounced the conduct of Baron Gurney aa nn-EngliBh , unjust , &nd unconstitutional—as taking a mean advantage of the position he occupied for party purposes , instead of being , as he ought to be , the undefended prisoner ' s counsel .
Mr . Leach also spoke In support of the memorial , adducing several instances of petty local tyranny equally disgusting in character witb tbe atrocity referred to by the memorial as evidence tbat the whole system of class domination generated a oneness of practice among all its minions , which left no hope to the people but from its utter extinction . Mr . Leach was rapturously applauded on his appearance , and at tbe conclusion of bis speech . On the memorial being put to the meeting , it was carried unanimously . Mr . D . Donavan , in an able and talented speech , moved the following
resolution" That the best thanks of tbis meeting be given to the Rev . Wm . Hill , Editor of the Northern Star , for the obliging manner in which he complied with the invitation to visit Manchester , at great inconvenience to himself . Aud we hereby express our entire confidence in bim as a talented and able advocate of those sacred principles which , as Chartists , we believe can alone secure tbe happiness and prosperity of all classes of tbe community . " » Mr . Lane bjritfly , but ably and cordially , seconded the motion , which on being put to the meeting , was carried with an enthusiasm which makes all effort at description vain .
Order bsing restored , Mr . Hill returned thorn bis thanks for tbe compliment which the men of Manchester bad that day given him , and he hoped that be would ever deserve their confidence , by steering a straightforward ceurae of principle . He would give them the same advice concerning himself tbat he always had given them of others—that the moment they found him squinting across the path of principle , that they wonld send him to the right about . The Rev . Gentleman then addressed them for some time on their duties as Chartists , and sat down amid thundering rounds of applause . On the motion of Mr . Dixon , the thanks of the meeting were given to the chairman , and tbe meeting separated to make preparations for the tea party that was to take place in tbe Hall in the evening .
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" See the conquering hero comes . " The tea being over , and tbe tables removed , Mr-Dizon was called upon to preside . The Chairman then gave oat a Chartist hymn , which was suug by the whole company , accompanied by the band , —at tbe conclusion of whicb .,
Tbe Chairman said , that they had finished tba first part of tbe business for which they had assembled in a manner which did them credit . He was very proud to see so great a number of persons congregated together conduct themselves in so orderly and respectable a manner . They bad been engaged for the last hour in supplying the body with those tuings without which it could not esist . But it was equally important that they should supply tbe mind with tbat intellectual food without which it would be a sterile and barren waste . He hoped , therefore , that they would attend to what each of tbe speakers had to say , which would address them in the course ! of tbe evening . The first toast for the evening was : —¦
" The people , the only legitimate source of all power . May tbat power speedily be recognised by the abolition of class-legislation , and the adoption of the People ' s Charter aa a legislative enactment . "
Air , — " Scots wha hae . " The sentiment was responded to by Mr . Doyle in an efficient and talented manner . The CHAIRMAN then said the next toast is one in which he felt confident tbat they , along with himself , would most cordially agree . It was : — " Feargus O'Connor , £ ? q . and T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., may tbeir disinterested exertions in the cause of suffering humanity be duly appreciated by a grateful people . " Band—Aar— " With Henry Hunt " Mr . Rank in responded to the toast in a short and neat apeech . The Chairman , with a few prefatory remarks , introduced tbe next sentiment , which was : —
" Frost , Williams , Jones , and EllU ; may the people 8 efforts for their restoration be speedily crowned with aucceaa . " Responded to by the whole andience , singing : — k ( God save the patriot Frost , " accompanied by the band , which' had a most solemn and imposing effect ¦ The Chairman then gave— " James Leach , Christopher Doyle , and our other persecuted friends , may the sympathy of the people , for whom they are suffering , and tbe consciousness of tbe justice of those principles they have bo fearlessly advocated , console them amidst their unmerited persecutions , and may the efforts about to be made ia their behalf be the means of restoring them unscathed to their familea and friends . "
Band—Air , "Nature's Gay Day . " Mr . D . Donavan responded to the toast in a speech replete witb impassioned eloquence . Tbe Chairman then rose for the purpose of giving the fifth and last toast for the evening , — The Northern Star , and its Editor , may the sacred principles promulgated by that luminary irradiate the minds of tbe whole people , till , like a refulgent beacon towering above the sable clouds of despotism , it shall remove the mists of ignorance from our political hemisphere aud finally conduct the world to freedom . "
Bind—Air " Bonnie Breast Knots . " At this part of the proceedings the Rev . W . V . Jackson , accompanied by his good lady , entered the halt and was bailed with every mark of friendship and esteem by tbe whole assembly . The Chairman bad great pleasure in introducing the Rev . Mr . Jackson to respond to the sentiment—( hear , bear , and cheerb . ) The Rev . Mr . Jackson said it was with no ordinary degree of pleasure , that ha responded to the sentiment
just read by the Chairman . He had long ago formed hia opinion of the Editor of the Slur , and also of the Star itself . In his , Mr . Jackson ' s opinion , it would have been difficult , nay , he believed impossible to have foaud a man bo pre-eminently calculated to BY * the office of conducting a really democratic newspaper . The Rev . Mr . Hill was not only a man ] of talent , but also was in possession of a great amount of shrewdness and forethought , that seldom if ever was found combined in one &ud the same individual . He bad conducted
the Star in a manner which did him credit , and at the same time ably and fearlessly exposed tbe tricks and intrigues of the factions to lead the people astray by false piomises and pledges , made but to be broken and deceive their confiding dupes . Anil It was to him we might attribute the present position of the Chartist movement . It is the Star and [ the point of Mr . Hill ' s pen that is dispelling that gloom and ignorance that bl&okened and darkened our political hemisphere . It was with no ordinary feelings of pleasure that be / Mr . Jackson ) called their attention , ' to what had been accomplished by the S / ar since it began to sbine in our political firmament , its rays had penetrated and
established the principles of democracy in every part of this country , and he might say every part of tbe world ; and might tbe gracious truth which it promulgated be sounded from every hill top , and through every vulley , and continue its onward coarse from river to river , from shore to shore , until finally its reflulgeut rays should light the world to freedom—( loud and long continued cheers ) . It bad required 110 ordinary degree of watchfulness on the part of its Eiiitor to keep it still whining . They and he ( Mr . Jackson ) were not Ignorant of the various means that had been employed to destroy Mr . Hill , Mr . OConnor , and the Star ; in fact they were not ignorant of the means that were in
operation in this town at tha present moment for that purpose . Buc all their puny effortsjwould not prevail , so long as the Editor and Proprietor maintained that unpurchaseable adherence to principle that bad marked their conduct up to the preeent . iMany papers had sprung up professing to advocate the people ' s rights and for some time continued to do so , but no longer than it was necessary iaa they thought ) to get hold of public favour , and thea caine out their real objectthey began to fire from their masked batteries at tbe Star , its Editor , and Proprietor , and finally the mask was pulled off the pretended friends , and then their papers sunk ; and whilst they were sinking , the Star was rising and shining brighter
and brighter . There was one otherj remark which he ( . Mr . Jackson ) had to make concerning Mr . Hill , and that was with respect to the independent and straightforward manner in which he had conducted the Nortfiern Siar , not regarding the proprietor nor tio people ; but speaking his mind fearlessly and in a straightforward and manly manner ! He might be called an O'Conuorite ; but he was . neither an O'Connorite , not- an Hillite , nor any other ; Ue , but he waa a Chartist , and he did not blush to [ own it ; he was wedded to the principles of the Charter , and ao long as the Stew , witb its Editor , and Mr . OtOonnor , stood by those , principles be wonld stand byjthem , bnfc not a moment longer . ( Loud cheers . ) j
Tae Rev . Wm . Hill tbeu came forward amid the most vociferous eheera . He said hla friends , he was sore , would not expect him so fat to outrage good taste a » to inflict " a apeech" upon them undejt present dieamsttrocea . Should he even be M-advisad enough to attempt it , it would be impossible ; fo * him to find words in which to convey to them : Mb feelings . He would merely thank them for the bind reception the people of Manchester had given him , and hoped that his future conduct would be such as always to secure him the good opinion of his fellow-countrymen . So far as the Siar waa concerned ; all that lie could say was , that so long as he had anything to do with its management , it should vigorously and manfully advocate the principles of universal liberty . So much , as it regarded himself . But in reference to tbe glorious truths which they were engaged in promulgating , here was a subject
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A ^^^ a ^ ^ Z ^ f jfybui ;^ / Mil that the tongue of e ' . oqueaue might rest upon fottiteK 1 ' ^ ec ^^*^ These were principles which , as a Christian minister , < he was bound to support ; and , not only so , butjie was i wedded to them , and nothing could withdraw him : from their advocacy . No pecuniary rsward that it was possible to give him would induce him to write or speak : -. for any other principles than those which was laid ; : f down by the founder ef the Christian religion , who * . said One if , yonr Master , even Qhri 8 t * o&iail ya are brethren . " - He believed in the unlversalfty of the Christian religion , and also in the catholicity of tha principles of democracy and tenth . . He ^^ Btood'jfefow them as one connected with the truth , Mid he blasted not for that avowal . Tbe Rev . Gontleman returned his thanks to tbe audience for the kind manner they had received him , and , irr a most impresaiva manner , urged upon them the necessity of perseverance and j energy in the great work of a nation's freedom , and j sat down amfd repeated rounds of applause . . <
The Bev . Mr . H ill then administered the solemn r ite of baptism to the undermentioned infanta , viz , : — Feargus Thomas Clegg , infant sob of William and Mary Clegg . Mary Ann Frost Stainfleld , daughter of William Stainfleld . Jatriea Feargus Bennet , infant son of Thomas , and Sarah Bennet , of Pendleton . After twelve o ' clock , the young people were allowed to commence dancing , which was kept up with great spirit , and the greatest harmony , until five o ' clock on Saturday morning .
Ro The Producers Of Wealth, And All Those Who Lite By Industry Nn The Land.
ro THE PRODUCERS OF WEALTH , AND ALL THOSE WHO LITE BY INDUSTRY nN THE LAND .
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AND LEEDS GENERAL ADVERTISER . j
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YOI . YI . JTQ . 284 . SATURDAY , APRIL 2 $ , 1843 . ; r ™ rZZ ^ t ^ '
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j ^ GRAND TEA PARTY AND OTHER ENTERTAINMENTS . A Chartist tea party was held in the Carpenters ' Hall , Garret Road , Manchester , on Friday evening . Tke Chartists of Manchester , ever willing to provide for the recreation and amusement of those patties who attend their Hall , knowing that Good Friday was a holiday , determined to give them a treat . They , therefore , announced by placard that they would have a tea
party on tbat day . The announcement was responded to by the publio in that spirited manner which is always the case when the committee call upon their fellow townsmen for their assistance and support . The placards announcing the meeting stated that tea would be on the . table at half-past sis o ' clock ; and in a few minutes after that time , upwards of five hundred personaI sat down to enjoy " the feast of veassn and the flow of soul" by partaking together of tbe cap which cheers but will not inebriate .
A few minutes before seven o ' clock , the Bev . Wm . Hill , editor of the Northern Star , accompanied by Mr . Hargraves , entered the HalL The people , notwithstanding they were discussing the good things of this life at the time , all rose up from the tables , and greeted him with every mark of esteem , and regard . Cheering , clapping of hands waving of hats and handkerchiefs , and every demonstration of jc ^ y , which lasted-fo * several minutes after Mr . Hill had mounted the . platform , —the splendid brass band playing
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Caepehtebs Hall . —On Sunday , the- Bev . Wm . Bill preached the anniversary sermons of the epening of the above Hall for Cbartiat purposes . The afternoon discourse was founded upon that beautiful portion of holy writ found in the 15 th verse of the 13 tb chapter of St . John ' s e ^ pel , "For I have given yon an example that ye Bhould do as I have dons . * ' The andienoe , which was numerous and respectable , were delighted with the manB | r in which the Rsv . Gentlemen elucidated his subject , by contrasting the conduct of professedChri&tians with tke example of him tbey calltbslr Master . They Bev . Gantleman haying occupied » abort time npon this portion of his subject , proceeded to show tbe absurdity of the charge of infidelity being attributed to the advocates of Chartism ; snfl after a masterly refutation of the base calumnies of its enemies and a triumphant defence of its principles , be concluded by making an appeal to his audience to contribute according to their means towards meeting tbe
expenditure which" must be very considerable for euoh a spleDdid hall as . tbis for the working men to meet in . This appeal was very liberally responded to , and a very handsome- collection waa made . — In the evenisg , tbe Hall was literally crammed in every part There could be na less than from four to five thousand , persons assembled , and numbers had to go away who cou'd not procure admission . The Rsv . Gentleman ' s subject in the evening was , the Chartism of the Old Testament ; and was a masterly exposition of various texts of Scripture bearing upon the principles of Chartism . The discourse , which occupied nearly aohouT and a balf in the delivery , was listened to throughout with the most serious attention . Notwithstanding the crowded state of the Hall , and the almost intolerable heat arising therefrom , the collection was again very good . After the serviee was concluded , the RfcV . Mr . Hill adjourned to one of the anti-rooms in connexion with the Hall , and baptised eight infants and an adult peraou .
The Chartist Painters of this town provided a good substantial dinner of good old English fare in honour of Mr . J . Leach , Christopher Boyle , and Thomas Rail ton . The dinner was on the table at eight o ' clock in the - evening , 'when between forty and fifty of the Chartist Panters . with the above-named individuals , sat down . After the cloth waa removed , one of their own men was called to the chair , who said that they had opened * that room for a two-fold purpose , namely , to endeaveur to create a belter feeling amongst the painters generally ; and , in the second place , to promulgate the glorious principles oontained in that document , called tbe People ' s Charter . He hoped , therefore , tbat tbey would listen with attention to the gentlemen that he should call upon in the course of tbe evening to address them . The first toast for the evening was " The people , tbe source of all legitimate power . ** Mr . Cooper responded to the sentiment in a neat and appropriate speech . The chairman then gave «* The People ' s
Charter , and may it soon become the law of the land . " Mr . James Leach , on rising to respond to this toast , was loudly applauded . Mr . Leach ' s speech did honour to the working classes of tbis country , and was a clear and concise exposition of that document , which , if made into a legislative enactment , would place in the hands of the people the power of amending thai * social and political condition . The chairman then gave the " Northern Star , and tbe whole of the democratic press . " Mr . Dixon responded . The chairman then gave " The health of the painters' friend , Mr . White , " of the Railway Inn , which was drank with the usual honours , and was responded to by Dr . Hnlley . The chairman then Baid there was another gentleman that they ongbt net to overlook , although he was not present . He then gave " The health of Mr . Christopher Doyle . " The toast was drunk with every mark of respect to tbeir absent friend with loud applause . Mr . Dixon responded . Other toasts were given , snd the company separated at a late hour .
Halshaw Moor . —On Thursday evenisg last , Mr . Dixon , from Manchester , delivered a lecture in the National Charter Association Room in this place , being the first there has been here since the strike . Aftec the lecture , several questions- were asked , which Mr . Dixon answered to the entire satisfaction of the audience .
MONTBOSE . —Mr . Peddle , of Edinburgh , entertained the lads of this place , with tbe history of his prison adventures on Good Friday . GLASGOW . —At a meeting of the committes appointed by the directory of tbe Glasgow Chartist Association , to take measares for the liquidation of the debt due to Mr . George Rosa , as General Treasurer of the Chartists of Scotland , it was unanimously resolved
to engage a talented company now in Glasgow to visit the moan poplous and patriotic districts throughout the country , and give a correct representation of the trial of that distinguished gentleman , Robert E . nmett , Esq ., on a charge of high treason , at Dublin , in the year 1803 , the whole proceeds , after defraying expencea , to be devoted to the above purpose . The committee would most earnestly solicit the co-operation of tbe various Associations la this undertaking , by giving their countenance and support to the company on ( heir arrival in each locality . The debt now sought to be cleared off , by this representation , is not that of G ' . asgow alone , but Scotland generally , through the delegates assembled in Glasgow on three several occasions , and the generous individnal who so kindly epened his private purse in
support of our holy cause , has every claim , in point of right and justice , on all trae lovers of democracy , when the treaoherous Whigs sit zed the defenders of the poor , and crowded the dungeons of England witb her best and bravest sons , when the peaceable , legal , and constitutional meetings of the people were dispersed at the point of tbe bayonet—when our exchequer was low , and to be a Chartist was the well known signal for the ribaldry , tyranny , and persecution of all the imbecile factions , who live and fatten on our industry , George Ross was at his post , presiding over tbe assembled thousands of bis fellow ciUaens npon all occasions when called on—giving his money to the Central Committee , and for the support of our newspapers and periodicals .
The following are the towns proposed to be visited , before which an official letter , signed by our chairman , Mr . Tfiomas Ancott , and onr Secretary , Mr . Wm . Brown , will be transmitted to tbe respective committees : —Hamilton , Airdie , Campsie , Kilmarnock , Ayr , Palkirk , Sterling , Edinburgh , Dnndee , Aberdeen , Coalsnaughton , Alloa , Tillicoultry , Arbroath , Kilmarnock , Kirkcudbright , ' Lanark , Barhead , Strathaven , and Perth , irvine . —P . S . —Ail other towns omitted in this list , by forwarding a letter to Mr . Q . Rosb , S 3 , Trongate , Will receive attention . N . B . —The gentleman who acts a » manager for the company , and takes charge of tbe constitution of tbe court will also be furnished witb aa official letter from the
Committee-ABEUDEEN- —On Saturday evening last , Mr . R . Pedtlie , of Edinburgh , lately released from his three years confinement and torture in Beverley Hell , lectured in tbe Chartist Hall , to a respectable and crowded audience . The lecturer gave a very distinct account of tbe manner in which be was ensnared by the frired spies of Bradford , aa also of his trial and condemnation by the foulest perjury which was ever committed in any court of justice , and proved to the entire satisfaction of every one , by the written declarations- in his possession , that the Whig authorities then in Bradford did not give him any opportunity of bringing forward that evidence Which would at once have detected the cursed plot aimed at his life or liberty . Had Mr . Peddle been tried in Scotland , we know the result wonld have been quite different , for with ns there is something in
the Bbape of fair dealing ; whereas in England , if we take Mr . peddie ' s case as a sample , as well as many more of the Chartists , which have come under out notice , the English Courts of Law appear to be a mere mockery of justice , calculated to impress upon every intelligent , thinking , and unprejudiced mind , the absolute necessity of tbe people being awakened to a lively sense of their danger , in tamely submitting their lives and property , and every thing that- iB virtuous , noble , and patriotic , to be sacrificed at the unholy shrine of aristocratic ignorance and wealth , —Mr . Peddie lectured also on Sunday evening , on Prlostctaft ; aad the way in which bis subject has been , appreciated * evinces in a very striking point ef view , ttsat the comaunlty at largo are rapidly unfettering theit- minds from the thraldom of superstition , and approaching that standard of ra tional and philosophic judgment whish is so devoutly
to be wished . COVENTRY . —Mr . Brown delivered an address ia tbe Charter Association Boom , on the caasea ef the present distress , shewing to tbe satisfaction of an attentive audience thai there ia no remedy except ia the People ' s Chatters Ashton-ukder-Ltnb . —Mr . Jeremiah Lane , of Manchester , delivered an able lecture on Sunday evening last ,. in the Cnartist Room , Charlestown , Ashtaa . f A . public till and concert was held on Monday night last . About 400 persona attended , and aftet en joying a good evening ' s amusement , separated about twelve o ' clock .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 22, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct478/page/1/
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