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SECOND REPORT FROM THE CHILDREN EiiPLOY ^ lENT COmilSSlO ' S . LACE MANUFACTURE . A further pernsil cf- > be report mac ' s Kd tbe evid . erce c- kctfd by * thr Crainiisst-cers npp .-inten ncr .-- the ' G- iGren - sEir . j : v-ni ^ t CoKiEi ^^ r .. " &-- fc . ij sea-Tiac- ' c * that = '' J . Gr . ^ iain - " -ill be £ : r / o' < -f . a gieat tiltriktuscf t » £ u-y- » d « eHct ! on , to * -c *« . Trbich ve by r . o n . csss av . ieipate fr ,-:. s tlic—if he i . w-s rot ¦
buKecia - c-T intrcnuce ia ' . o Pjrii ^ . > -nt u .-Cv ..-u- - r tbe rrctK-i . n of children md Tour ± - p . rcoi . s effic ' O ^ in the isar . f > -c : u e c 5 lace . It is not a Uitle si :-galas , that : i : ^ si ' ofcnr :: t : LDs vUdi are eD-aced in adoraiog and en : r-. ; : - : ¦ tbe frnv- ' e Hex should le precisely tt < - 'e v . ¦ . i 1 : flirt tbe minimum of 'ufftTicg and tor-1 - . :, : Lat helpless class of persons which , by the - , v . roaycf Et ' .-rc-, is more pr . rricalaily lecomluct . " .-.: ; .. its sjT ^ pi * , sna vs rusy tTen a £ d to its
especial re < vrr ! r . u- ¦ ction "S \' e suMnilied to out xticst ^ in ? .: *• - *» - " i-ii-iit-sJ of out journal , -a appalling account of the vaii . us b < art-rccding rardsb-ps unil pri-Tations to v ^ Uch tbe young rrr ^ s-makcrs of tte metropolis -r- txpcsed { String i-Tfj hour cf tbe day ana nigfet : vst prorose in cur piesiDt number to submit to thtm ar-oibtr pkture of misf-ry scarcely lees oppa ' -ling in its intensity , ctr-. ainiy ixt mote txtsnsive in its ramification , and iiidtscrirxhiy mere d-ECErous to tbe comE'tJEiiy , hem tbe rasssts which it tmbiacvs , knd frcm the awful ? mnj -r&lity r . nd Gebacchery wb . kh it ia in in
fcccily gt ^ eratiu ; sfcrce coun . plac- u very htait ' of Ene ' -and . The main itaiures of this picture ar # Fc ^ r '^ rfd ov tr & very locz and &b" . e repcrf of Mr . Gr-in ^ T , who has investigated tbe different processes of lab ; ur i ~ tbe lace msEufacmre with a patitnt aj « idniry -which docs bcrour to bis humanity- and has described them ¦ with a clearness atd vigour of languace which place bia in tbe first raLk amGEg tbe writers on statistics . Oar object -will be mere than answered , if -we can draw the attention of tbe public to tbe 160 pacts of his report by tbe repid fctuniiiary of is which ve i . ow suHain .
Tbe lace mannficture is principally confined to tbe coui-ties cf _ Xottiiich&in , Leicester , sxd Derby , there being , according to Ilr . "Grainger , 2 , 760 machines empioytrd the ?? , and oiiiy 787 in tbe liie vt Wight and all tbe rtst of England . The vslne of this machinery may be estimated in ronnd rumbers at s snm not very mnch short cf ^ 1 , 500 , 006 . Tbe amount of- the actual fixed capital in tte trade baa cot been calculated ; but the TsJne of tbe rosdsaold in tbe je \ r 1 S 25—tbe annual nine bas since- fallen off , fent U > -what extent is uncertain was £ 2 . 212 , CC » 0 . As a branch of natio : al industry , then , there cas be no doubt as to the importance of the lace trade . Tbe manufacture of bee coirprehenda a variety , of distinct cccucstii ^ s— " ^ z ., "ffiE'kiDg the lace , " " gassing , " " bletcLiiiS , " " rci-tdmst , ' ' embroidering . "' " 6 ttw ji % , pf . rlicz , and Lciiiniice , " and dressinggettirc-np , or fiedsbinc ; " ? . nd in all cf them children EEd youn ? persons are employee .
Windirg and thi-aaicg the l&ce are classed by Mr . Granger under the occupation of " nuking tha lace . " Tbe irincing is aln > o * t inTdr ^ Ebiy perfanned -by girls &cd young \ romen , "who begin atk nt twtlve w fourteen , but are seneraily abova elgbtein . Tfctir labour ia lo wicd into brass bobbins the necisssry quantity -of thread to Hisie a piece of lace . The threading is principally performed by boys , who feesin at the aae of eight years and a-half , and continue till fifteen , when tfeey usually go to tbe m-chines . We should trunsgreas our limits , -were we to describe the process of threading minutely : it may be stffieicivt to state . that it
consists in passing the end of tbe tbreaa ¦ which has been pretiviusJy wound into the bobbin , through the aperture of the carriage in ¦ which tbe bobbin is inserted and aftenrarJs works . On the procesa of gating and bleaching ths lace , Mi . Grainger observe * that no particular obsenration need be made ; but on the process of meudii g , embroidering , and drawing , b « remarks , that almost all the children of the labouring classes in Nottingham He en ^ age 4 in one or other of them-, " as soon as they can tie a knot or use a needle . '' Tbe-dress ing and Sniibing the lace also employ many children and youn e persons ot both sexes .
We h&Ts made thesa preliminary remarts on tbe different pr .-cesses in the lace manufacture , In order thjt Ha pnl-iic may the better nnderstand tbe obierrationa whicj * re sh&ii hereafter h » Te to cS " = r to it , on the labour endured Kid the wares received by tho drawers , thriadrrs , winders , lace runners , as txnbroidererg are generally ttrmed , and lace menders of Nottingham ^ h'Tv ; , lrcic-: ^ ster » hird , and I > rrbysbire . An . 'i Sr ^ t wita lespeci to tht dt dicers . Drawinj is a Tery simple process , performed by am wing out with a rjeeule the threads which hold together the separate
wiiitbs which make up the entire piece as it come * on : of the machine . In the Ndttingbambbire district it is common ft r children to cooimencfc at this work at four , fiTe , and e : x years of see . One of the witnesses whom 2 < Ir . Grsinrtr examined had thiity-tlx children in her tmploy , cb .-z 3 y cf EtT-u year * of ate and upwards . Seme howt -vcr bepa l-. sx-n as they can hold a needle . Mr . Grainrtr fonniS a cbiid placed at wi > rk by its parent be / ore i : teas tiro years ird . The f ? idcnc « s 'sbich he n" » collictfed on that pvint is to txtremely carious , tbit we ¦ hi'l m ^ ie no apoio . y fyr subniitting it to lut readers .
" Mrs . Hongttaa—Is u lace-drawer , and has forxr children ; Harriet , eigbt years , Anne , eix , Mary , four , and Eiizi , two yeiTB ^ o ' . d ; of these the three elder are employee as lace-Ira ¦ srers . Harriet was not quiie three when she fe * ps . n to w- _ rk , Anne was abour tbe same , snd Mary was r ^ -t qui :- two years old . E . z ^ 'baa tried and < Jra 7 rn a few threads out . * ' [ Sub-C ^ mmis-Eioner— All ttis was inttrrupt&d with ' Micd your wcri , ' * lake care . " ' iltke tJiste , Now ; Acne , r . et on , ' Hied yoi : r work . ] Begins gen € r = Ly-at six i a . t the summer , and itYe ^ jA tte winter ; in u . e former
goes on till dztk , intfflBtter tiil ten P M . The two biggest chLcrtn work ^(^^» i ! nt&s these hours ; Mary begins at the same time in the morning , i > ut sbe leaTes os abott p . m . ^ be cbiidj tn ba-ve -.. o tima to eo out to play- ' Tl ty go ont Tery seldom . ' Have breakfast when they haTe time to get it ; the same with einner and tec HaTe about a quarter of an htut for each or » L The children are obliged to sit at their work . They sit all day . [ -Misd your work . ] The work tries the eyes . Tne black is tbe worst . * It is dree work . ' [ ' Now , micd your work . " 1 Tbe children b&Te "very ga&d health .
" Sub-CoTcmiEsioiiej—The children are Tery fine and pretty girls , and appear healthy . Tbe two younger sit perched upon chairs , their legs too short to reach the ground . " . It appears from this itatemeni that a child of f > ur years oil was worked twelve hours , and another of six fifteen hours a-day by their own mother , and that , too . whilst her hnsband , who generally had work ; ip&s earning twenty-three shillings a-week by his regular wa ; es . There is a mass cf evidence ali tend ^ g to prove that thirteen or fonrteen hours is the ordinary worV of these very young ckildrsn . The most serious effects are in consequence often produced upon tbeir bei : ih un 4 streneth . One witness states that " tbe cbilCren who
are drawers are Tery delicate and sickly-looking . ] f they are wall -z-hen they go to work , in a year or t- * o they bece-me thin . Maijy mothers haTe told me thst their hearts ache to send their cbildrta t-j work at such an early age * r-d for suck long btu g , bat they aro compelled to do it to get bread f ji thtir famillrs . Ttic wages for rsen tre so much rfe 4 uc * 4 in many of tbe trades in Nuttintb ^ m , that to support the firuily they are cusrtell&d to send their children out to work ; " and what do cur readers suppose tbe pr . ' try stipend to be which is earned zt the exoence of tbe blood , muscie ,
and spirits of these infantile labourers ? Mr . Felkin slates that three shillings a week is a Tery high aTer ^ re ; and Mr . Grainger , in commenting upon that statement , expresses his conTiction that it is much more th-n is usually earned . Moreover , though such are their tarnings , they are Tery insufScienty clothed and Tery poorly fed . Surely , then , is is incumbent upon tb = GoTernment to take stringent measures without deiay for the protection of these infanta , since it is evident that we cannot trust either to tbe natural feelings of their parents , or to tbe humanity of the small mistresses who gfenerally employ tb ^ m .
The aTerage sg = » t which children begin to thread is , as we have already stated , about eight year 3 and a Inlf . The majority of threaders are boys . At the age t-f fifteen the girls become winders , or go to other occupations , and the boyB then or earlier go " to the machines . 2 > urinc tfcese ssyerj years the children * who thread are liable to be caUed upon to werk during the whole of tbe time that t ^ e machines ire at work , whether that be during sixteen , twenty , or twenty-two hours Gut of tbe twenty-four , ilr . Grainger mentions one child who stated that he bad often stoppe ' l from four o ' clock one morning till t" > o ca tbs next , and that , too , twice or thrice in one wesk . K /^ rt Stiason , an ope&r&tive nineiesn years of age , deposed that when be was a threader , he hid stopped all ni ^ at in th £ factory three at four times & week , and added , naturally enough ,
" When I came home it was a bii of treat to me . " Indeed , the threaders in mest instasces seem to be much neglected by their parents . Tkere are , of course , soaie exceptions to this rule ; and one exception deeerrefl , « s . y » Mr . Grajngei , to be specially recorded . Ssarali Pya ^ herself almost made blind by embroidering lace , has foor children , who were formerly threaders and winder * . " I was assayed i continues Mx . Grainger ) that this poor woman alwspa sat up , howew late , till her children returned home , * " ilany and many a . score of times ieontinues this poof woman ) bare I gone into the street to look for them . I wooder bow I have lired through it . It is grieroas to see tbe chiMren dragged up u they now are ; itsy are not bumJU up . a constable of the name e-f Wilkinson testiiei that " be freqaently sees a nasber of children , many
aa youag as eight or ten . lime Vuxgt iardly as Mgk a * He knee , geiag to various lace factories as threaders at all tioM of the sight With them there are oeeaiioMQf young . women of sixteen , aeTesteea aad eiglitoea , who are winders- During the late intense frost bs xaw boys and girls come out in tha middle cf the night in light clothing , - * nd apparenUy Boflaring from , the wld . " And no wonder that they were saS&iag from tfoccld , and suffering ssTerely too ; for there is abundance of eTidence to prove that the beat of tbe lace factories , in which the ventilation is * ery defectire eren in the day time , Yaries from 6 * degree * to Si degrees when the gas is lighted , -and Mr . Grainger informs us that during the winter , wbea he Tisited th € -3 ; the thermometer was often as low as lfi degree * . Though they haTe macb idle time in the iEtexTil * < 4 tbeir work , during which they are allowed ,
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if tbey thick fit , to play , it is acretd on all bands that th :- tbrcadurs f . w suij ^ ct to more hardship and gri-a . eswant cf rest vhan almost any other persons engaged in maiiufacturiag labour . Mr . Wm . Hinde states , that bundri-ds have been sent to their graves by their iuccs-Ef-ot labour and want of rest " Tbey have no regular time fcr their meels : they have their food-sent tbeii . and eat it when they can . " Tbat food is ofttn insufficient , aEd ccBimenly consists < f notbiBg butbreao and tev " Tbeir hours of sleeping , too , are us irregular ss tbeir hcurs of eating . '" and tbey are frequently seen ; jirg iioi > n in tht rniddle of tbe shop fl ^ or , or under the t-bles , or on tbe < xirs ac ; e-t . v xe 3 , oi on thu old coats of the men , atter . ipving to gaiu in a Ehott an-i uncorxfor . able nap a temporary oblivion of tbeir cruel
sufferings . They are slso often beaten and illtreated by the men who woik lh « machines , when tbey are tired and txhausted by their long hours of labour . Nor will this appear surprising to those who are informed that the earnings of the men are partly dependent on the time which is occupied in winding a- , d threading . But even this is jiot all that these ¦ wre tched children have to endure . Tbe process of threading is Very injurious to tbe eight , especially ¦ where the spring top-bobbin is used , for there the aperture is so snsall that it must be threaded like a teedle , and the average numbtr of bobb ns to be threaded for one machine is about 1800 , which - ill occupy two or three tbreaders for two hours , or two hours and a half . Mr . Grainger is , however , of opinion ,
tbat tbeir eyesight is not ptmian ^ -ntly irjured ; ant ! in this opinion he Is supported by Dr . J . G . Williams , the v ^ ry intelligent physician to the Nottingham Hospital , to whose valuable memoranda on the diseases of the t ye occurring in tbe different branches of tbe Nottirjgbsm trade—the re * ult r . f bis observation during fourteen years upon at le-st 10 , 000 cases—we shall have occa-Eion , again and again , to call the attention of the medical public We shall not add a word more upon the degiee in which tbe crian ^ zation of these children enraged in threading , upon very inadequate wages , is debilitated , and their lisb ' . lity to disease increased along with their inability to resist it , until we have passed under review tbe scarcely less miserable condition of tbe young girls , v , bo are compelled to gain by winding a scanty and precarious subsistence .
The winding is almost invariably porformed by girls and yoxmg women , who besin . as we have already stated , about the age of twelve or fourteen . It is a laborious employment , if the bobbins are tnrned by hand ; bnt it is much easier where steam power is employed . The winders are very liable to nigbtwork , but not quite in tbe same degree , says Mr . Grainger , as the threaders , because the winaing is necessarily done before the threading . Tbe commissioners , however , declare it to be pToved , tbat " in winding for lace machines the children hsd no regular and certain time whatever for tieep or rtcivatiuD , being V . ar ' e to la ciiltrl upon at any ptrici dnr : rs sixteen , twenty , or
tw- n ' . j-two hcurs out of tweLty-:-ur , while they have frequtntly to fo from one place to another , often nt considerable distances , at all hours of the ni >; ht Bnd at all seasons . '' Various dismasts are thus engendered . Dr . Williams informs us , that winding , especially trass bobbins , of un strains tbe eyes , and that amaurosis , eatrract , oor . junctival i ' . flammation , and inflammation of tbe cornea are produced by it > But these are by no means the wont evils which lie in wait for these unfortunate young women . They are employed in the same fac ' . orUs with the workmen , end in a < jreat m jority of tbe factories no precautions are taken to keep tbe sexta apart . This naturally leads t ? great ia morality .
" In the town of Nottingham , " 8 £ ya Mr . Grainger , " all parties , clergy , police , manufacturers , workpeople , and parents , agree tbit the present n : ode of employing chilcren and youi : g persons as threaders and winders is amost fertile source of immorality . There can , in fact , be but few states more immediately leading to vice and prcrliaacy . Children of both sexes are called out of tbeir parents' houses at all hours of the night , and . as H is % uite uncertain how long they may be required , whether for two hoars or the whole night , a ready and unanswerable excuse for staying out is furnished . The
threaders , who are usually boys , and tbe winders , who &Te generally giils , are required at tbe same time , and thus they have every faciiit } for forming improper connexions . Tbe natural results of such a noxious system are bat too apparent , and must have contributed in no siigbt degree to tbe immorality which , according to the opinion universally rxpressei , prevails to a most awful extent in Nottingham . In addition to the immediate e ^ ils to the children themselves , the domestic peace and comfort of the L -ciliesof which tbey Ere numbers are sacrificed to this m-ist unnatural state of things . "
To tbe same effect is the evidence of Mr . Barnett . tbe clerk to the Nottingham UDion . " Tbe exten : of early texual intercourse is dreadful . A principal cau . « e of this demorsltzition is th . 6 facility of boys and girls mingling together in the streets at night , and the aliiiest total absence of parental coctiol . " Another ¦ witness , a ferrule , dtrclarta , that * ' as a mother &be thinks that it is very wrong to employ boys and girls in tbe night , and that it ought to be preve : iUd . istie haa often had tbe heart ache , when her son ws » gone out at niebt . and sbe did xu >\ know when he would return . to
. . Ilie evils cf ni ^ bt work muat lead ^ rvat immorality on tbe part of these so employed . M ^ ny of tbe girls at an early age become pregnant , and some oi Ibem attempt to produce miscarriage , ai d in this v . ay their constitution is soon mined . " Jlr . V * . Enfitld , junior , who is the sen of the Tuwn Ckrk of Nottingham , is so fully c- > avinad of the dreadful consequences arising ficm this system , that be declares " tbe yonng should not be allowed to work at n : ; Lt at ail . To the haJth as wel ! aa morals of ti ~ n yt , ung nitbtwork is parti » . ia 2 iiy irjnricus , for tLty Dealer g .. t sk p nor ffieals at proper hours , and are ex posed to gre-a ' - .-r temptations to vice . " One if the £ Lsdical w : tn . sies examined by Mr . Grain £ « r avcnuil th
tbat tbe iuir ^ orality us engendered was a-fal . Mr . T . H . Ssiith . the intelligent and indefatigable v » c ^ . chairman of tbe Nottingham Board of Guardians , gave the following striking svidence as to the mor-jl and physical ruin , degradation , and death which tbis nij ^ ht wor k is constantly producing : " 1 hare known many parents come oat of the country merely to live ou the labour of their young children . In one case , a short time ago , a widow came with three children , of twelve , fourteen , and Eixteen years nf ag « , ont of Derbyshire . These children were sent into a fsctory , the mother being only employed in preparing tbeir meals , and getting th = m up early in tbe morning . They did not
come home to their meals : tbey were taken in the factory . All these children died in eighteen months . I think this resultt-d from their employment Almost ali the families e ::, ployed in the manufactures of Nottingham are , with few exceptions , supported more or less by the labour of their children . Among other evils of this system is that of reversing tbe « rder of nature ; children become , at an early age , independent of their patents -, in many cases the latter are even obliced to act as menials to their children . Another , class of evi ! s is , that worthless fathers are enabled to spend their time in low pothouses out of the earning of their children . Tbe vice and immorality sprtngiriis from such a system are too obvious to require illustration . "
But the heart gets sick in recoroing toese abominations ; and yet we have a long and a worse list of them before us . We abstain , at present , fr ^ m all comment upon them , as we huve yet to describe , tht iv . nirnt&ble BtifferiDjB aa ' . the abject , squalid , and almost intu : erah ! a poverty and destitution of another class of ycung females —the lacr-runners and tbe lace-menders .
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REPORT RELATIVE TO THE SYSTEM OF PRISON DISCIPLINE . COi-T OP A CIRCULAR LETTER TO CHAIRME * OF ( iUARTEE SESSIONS , ACCOMPA ^ 1 > G CUPY OP P&I 50 . N RULES . Whitehall , January 27 . Sib , —I have the honour to inform you tbat I have had under my consideration the system of prison discipline , and tbe state , accommodation , and arrangement if the several prisons in England acd Wales , bo far as I can judge of them frjm the tenor of the rules now in force , and from Vhe reports of the prison inspectors .
I have thought it aflvisble , before I came to any conclusion on a matter of such grave importance , to avail myself of tbe local knowledge and of the general fexptr . ence of the inspectors of the difigjafc prisons of England acd Wales , with tbe view 4 B || Boertair . ing what alterations and amendments cf the *' rules may be necessary to effect and to secure the great objects of prison discipline , which are , the- prevention of crime , and , aa far as human means can avail , the reformation of criminals . 1 have directed tbat a code of prison rules should be formed , basid upon the recommendations of tha inspectors . I have carefuijy considered and revised that code ; and I now forward it to you , with a request that you will call the attention of the magistracy of your county to : t it the approaching quarter sessions .
I am convinced tbat it is highly desirable that immediate measures should be taken to introduce consistency and tbe utmost practicable uniformity into the regulations of the diif-rent prisons . Where the crime is the same th . 9 punishment inixted , under tbe operation of the same law , ought cot to vary either in its nature or degree . It may be said with truth that difference of construction , and in seme instances that local peculiarities , or other special circumstances , in the several prisons , render strict uniformity ol discipline impracticable ; but I am convinced that the accompanying regulation ! , framed as they have hfcn with the greatest care , are naosamry to carry into effect the intentions of the legis lature , aod that they are applicable to every prison throughout the country , whatever may be its size , construction , or situation .
I desire to call the special attention of the magistracy to those rulei which relate to the diet of prisoners . On the proper adjustment of this particular their health jaainly depend *; and I am convinced that the adoption of tbe proposed asales will prevent the recurrence of thaca complaints which have frequently been preferred , and in some instance * justly preferred , against tbe prison authorities . It is by no means intended that the precise articles of food specified in the dietaries should be strictly adhered to in the table which you may adopt ; other kinds of fo « d , containing an equivalent amount of notrimsnt , may , with advantage , be substituted , when those articles which have been named are either difficult to be obtained in your neighbourhood , or are considered not suited to tbe customs and habits of tbe
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prisoners ; but that quantity of food must , in . ill castts , be g-. ven -which is sufficient , though not more than sufficient , to maintain health and strength at a moderate cost ; and , while due care should be exercised to prevent any approach to luxurious living in a prison , the diet ought on no acc&unt to be made an instrument of punishment . I have consulted , not only the prison inspectors , but medical men of the greatest eminence , possessing tbe advantage of long experience ; I have carsfully revised the dietaries now in use , and I have come to the conclusion , — 1 . That animal food should in all cases form part of tbe diet of prisccers employed at hard labour . 2 . That a considerable portion of the food of every prisor-er should be solid ; and , 3 . That there should be variety in the kinds of food forming the diet , and that occasional changes ore neccssaiy .
The dietaries which I now offer for yonr adoption are framed on these principles , and are upheld by medical science , and by the recommendation of persons on wbose authority and knowledge reliance imy be placed , but they have been framed without reference to the local situation of particular prisons , or to any peculiar prisons , or to a : y peculiar circumstances which may render an increase necessary ; they are , therefore , proposed by me as the minimum amount Mhich can cafely be afforded to prisoners without the risk of indicting a punishment not contemplated by the law , and which it is unjust and cruel to inflict ; namely , loss of health and strength through the inadequacy of the food supplied .
I do not feel that it will be necessary for me to enter into any explanation generally of the several rules v ? hich I propose for the adoption of tbe magistrates ; but I wish brit fly to call their attention to some points connected with the improvement of prison discipline , whicb ~ eariy &ff ? ct the health and moral iniprovciin-M . ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦¦ : the prisoners , whieh cannot be made the eub jeci ef any prison rule , but which are , nevertheless , of urgent importance . I allude to the defective ventilation which exists in many prisons , and to the slothful habits which nre necessarily engendered among the prisoners by tbe want of artificial light , and by the cor . stquent inteness of the hour to which , during the winter months , their daily discipline or occupation is deferred .
I consider it also highly desirable , tbat in all oases every window of a prison and of each cell thonld be g . ' .-Zrd . The exposure ef the prisoners durirg inclement seasons to the open air is and must be attended with serious results to their health ; and it is impossible that with ung ' i ! zsd windows , the uniformity of temperature can be maintained , whicb is one of the surest safeguards asainst those diseans 1-y which tbe inmates of a prison are most iiab ' . o to be attacked , and which to prrsonB in their situation are of a most dangerous cha-i raeter . Medical eyp ^ rienco has shown that extremes of bear ai : d r . f cold , and cf iietVttive circulation and supply of puro air , nro productive uf the most pn-judical effects upen the health of prisoners ; and that the temperature of a prison ought to range from about 54 deg . to CO deg . of F-ihvenhfcit .
I s ; roj : gly recommend , therefore , to the magistrates , tbat tbey should take into their immediate consideration both the ventilation and lighting of tbe prisons under their controul , wuti the view of introducing sucb improvements aa may be practicable under the peculiar circu't stances ol euch prison ; tho advice and assistance of Major Jebb , a G ; verr . n > tnt f ificer will be in all cases available . fr * e of txpense , to aid them in effecting tbesa improvements . My attention haa been called to the inadequate nature cf the arrangements which are generaiy in force , for the purpose of providing prisoner ; , both adult aad juvenile , with relieiuiis and moral instruction ; and I am of opinion that in every prison , however email , a person really qualified should be engaged to give elementary instruction to t-ach prisoner for a portion of every day j and tbat in the larger prisons one Bcboolmaster and out scboolmistrei 8 should bv appointed , and more than one where a greater number may be requisite .
I think it highly desirable that every prison should be furnished with a certain number of books ef various kinds , calculated to improve the moral and religious feelings of tbe prisoners ; and that tbe bocks should be selected by the visiting magistrates , with the advice of the chaplain . I am convinced that , for the due discharge of his important duties , a room within the walls of the prison Bhould in all cases be appropriated to tbe use of tbe chapUin . As regards the appoi ? tment of tbe subordinate officers of a prigun , tbe ¦ visitinc justices are mure peculiarly responsible for tha discipline , order , and state of the prison under thrir superintendence ; their constant . lttcadance at the prison gives them aa intimate knowledge of all that is required of any particular effiser ; I am therefore of opinion that it is higb ) y desirable that their recommendation should be taken before any subordinate cfScei of a prison is nppointed by tbe magistrates in quartcr-sesBions .
I also recommend tbat a plain uniform should be is > u :-d to the subordinate tfficers of . prisons . The responsibility of theae efficera will be thereby increased ; they will be marked as persons in authority , and they will be more certainly detected in any breach of the discipline of tbe prison , or in any violation of the duties which are imposed upon them . I have forbwrnu to exercise the power whicb is ves ' in a » e , as S . crelary of State , of introducing into the prison rnlts now in force the alterations and amendmt-n : s which seem t « me desirable . I have thought it b £ -t ' . er , ia the first instance , to call the attentiun of thb rnai- . ii-trates & « stniMrd in Quarter Sessions to
those alterations which I consider most neccanary ; I confidently a :: tx : pat ( j the adoption of tbe recommendations which I have offered to them , for I know that they are ac ? mteii by the sincere desire fuithfully to ditchsr ^ e their important duties ; ar . d no trus t involves greater public interests than the m ^ rageuienfc of the F . aols , where , fw tbe sake of txample , the punishment fh ' . uld be & * v . ! r « , but well Tegulated , a ^ d where , for the sake of the prisoner , the utmost care should be taken that at the expiration of his confinement bo may leave the gaol with his health ai : d strength unimpaired , and with an improved disposition to earn by industry an honest livelihood .
A wite economy prescribes attentions to these coasideratiouf—tbey cannot be neglected without entailing a permanent increase of charge on the county-rate ; bnt hkher and more important objects are in view : the prevention of crime , the reformat ;^ : i of offenders , the peace of society , the vindication of thw authority of tbe law ; and I rely with confidence on the cordial cooperation of the magistracy in my endeavomr to promote tbe attainment of objects such as these . I have the honour to be , Sir , Ycur obedient servant , J . R Q . GRAHAM . The Chairman of the Quarter Stisiuns of the county of
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HOUaE OF LORDS—Friday , April 28 . Lord Wharncliffe laid on the table of the House a copy of tbe convention between France and this country , relative to the Post-office communications between tbe two co . iutriFB . Lord CaJU'BELL moved the second rsadini ; of his bill for facilitating the conveyance of real property , by abbreviating the legal phraseology and processes . He proposed the adoption of a parliamentary form of conveyance , which might be contained in the compass of a bank-note , and that solicitors shonM be paid according to tbe value of tbeir services , and not according to length of documents .
The Lord Chancellor stated several objections to the bill , which he considered would only be applicable in cases where it would be of little use . He objected to a parliamentary form of conveyance , the smallest mistake in which would vitiate tho transaction . He , therefore , proposed that the bill she uld be rejected , by th = coniaion form of being rtatl that day s . x months . Lords I . ANGDALE and Cottemiam b ! po expressed tbeir objections to th * bill , which was rejected , after toiAc diccussion , without a division .
IIonday , May 1 . Lord Wharncliffe moved the second reading of the Registration of Voters Bill . Lord Buovgham admitted the improvements whicb would bs effected by it ; but contended tbat the principle of annual registration waa accompanied with * all tbe evils , without the benefits , of annual election , a point upon which he commented at some length . Lord !> £ > ma > " acknowledged the great va ! ue of the bill , as an improvement of the law ; but commented on the c !> , uff 3 directed r . gainst personation , which he considered to be ot jectionable in their provisions , and calculated to interfere with the freedom of election .
The Lord Chancelloe recommended that the discuasioa of tha details of the bill should be deferred until it was in committee . I The bill was then read a second time .
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HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Friday , April 28 . It was intimated by Lord Stanley and the Lord Mayor , tbat some of the noblemen and gentlemen connected witn tbe association for emigration to Prince Edward ' s Island , had subscribed sums for the relief of the disappointed emigrants , and it was hoped that others would do so likewise . Lord Eliot , in reply to Mr . Lefroy , said that Ministen were not indifferent to , nor un watchful of , the agitation in Ireland for the Repeal of the Union , which could not be carried on without danger to the public peace . The debate on the second reading of the Ecclesiastical Courts Bill , adjourned over from before the Easter recess , was resumed , and ,
Sir George Grey expressed his determination to vote for tbe second reading , seeing tbat tbe main object of the bill wa « to carry into effect some of the ) ecommendations of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners , and t * imjrove the condition of that departoent of the law . Bat be should do so , in the hope that bis proposition weuld be adopted , of referring thu bill to a etlect committee , in order tbat its Uchnicalitks
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might bo carefully considered , and its o'j-atiomibie matter removed . The Ecclesiastical Commissioners had pointed out the evils arising from the divided testamentary jurisdiction in the matter of real and personal astute , and the awkwardness , iuconvenience , and expense of a man having to go into two separate courts in order te prove the validity of one and the sama instrument On this point it was highly important that a definite understanding should be come to , in order tbat the law should hereaftor be simplified . Another objection was the exclusive monopoly of Doctors' Commons ; Dr . Lushington , who had heen one of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners , having recorded his opinion in favour of the expediency of throwing open the courts to common law practitioners . But ; these and other objections would bo more fitly considered hereafter , if his proposition of a select committee were adopted .
Tho Attorney-General remarked on the Ion ? continuance of complaint on the aubject of the defects and Inconvenience of the Ecclesiastical Court ? , Thes = complaints were illustrated by the number , not merely of active but of dormant jurisdictions , as in the case of peculiars , by which a jurisdiction in abeyance , might be revived to defeat the adjudication of a disputed case . He entered at conaidsrable length into details in defence of the Bill , poiating out the number and conflicting decisions of the many Provincial Courts , and the importance of concentrating them ; and contended tbat the Bill exhibited a great improvement on the recommendations of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners , b ^ creating a Central and Supreme Court . Amongst other reasons in favour of the measure , was the importance of maintaining a body of learned civilians versant in international law .
Lord Robert Grosvenob . expressed himself as a strenuous Iriend of legal refor / n , but stated his oljactions to the Bill , such as tbe perpetuation of the monopoly of the practitioners in D-etors Commons , and other defects , which would detent the good intended by it . Sir James GiuhaM and the AitoiineyGeneral interpored some explanations , atul then Mi * . Fitzkoy pointed out the hardships which would inevitably be inflicted by the centralisation of the registry of wills . Mr . Newdigate , Sir George Strickland , and Mr . Collett ( Lincoln ) , followed with similar objections to centralisation , the latter Gentleman expressing his regret that the Government bad not made this an open question , and thus have spared him the awkwardness of opposing them .
Dr . Ei . rHKNSTONE commented on the number of provincial courts , amounting to 372 , almost all of them conflicting in their decisions , yet tho entire number having to deal with the administration of personal property to an extent of at least forty-two millions annually . Bat by fixim ; the m ' nivnum of litigious jvmsdiction at £ 300 , the present Bill ma < iegoed law f « r the rich and baa law for tbe poor ; nor could he tee tho objection to giving the same court jurisdiction in realty as well as peraonalty . Ho adduced some other objections to the Bill , which he recommended should be divided into three parts , and attoistivoly considered a : ; d amended in committee . Otherwise he supported the BilL
Mr . Escott ovowed his regret and reluctance to oppose the BUI . lint bis determination hud been strengthened by the orjf . ctions which he ha < l hoard urged against it ; and oce main otjection which he had against it was , that it was a measure of inadequate reform , and , therefore , would prove unsatinfaotory and insufficient Sir Janice Graham had paid that ho would blush for bhame if phonal interests led the H < use to rt ji > ct the Bill ; but if he blushed , it must be for the inefficiency of his own arguments . The House did not sit to register the rtports of commissions , even though , signed by the names of high dignitaries ; and ho objected to the total abolition of tbe testamentary contentious jurisdiction of the diocesan courts , to the destruetion of the business of provincial practitioners , and to tbe increase of expence by its transfer to London .
Mr . Granville Vernon adduced bis official experience jn favour of tbe bill , and against the existing state of tbe law . Ae Chancellor of the Province , and Judge of the Prerogative Court of York , be was cognizant of tbe coi . fltcting character of tbe decisions of the inferior courts , and stated some of the many practical abuses which < called for remedy , and Wetuld meet with it under tbe present measure , which he hoped would be rendered conducive to public- advantage . ^ lr . T . Duncomue , after some amusing comments on Mr . Vernon ' a speech , declared hie opinion to be in favour of an entire abolition of all Ecclesiastical Courts , and the transference of their poweia to the Civil Courts . He therefore objected to the bill , though on grounds very diffijcent from those which had moved Sir K . H .
Inglis against it . He agreed svith Coiocel Sibthorp in thinking it " a Doctors' Commons' job , " though such epithfat would not have come from bis side of thu house Tbe Ecclesiastical Courts were described by some petitioners as a disgrace to a free people , some amusing instances of whicb he produced , as tbe case of t . '^ e owners of a public-house , which encroached on the churchyard , and subjected them to an expensive suit for " brawling , " and also an unrepealed statute which subjects ah offender for " smiting , " to havo hiu ear cut off , and if he bad no ears , to be brands ! on the forehead with the letter F . But the Ecclesiastical Courts Bill had been useful in calling pu » - ! : c attention t'j the nuisance , and , along witk the Factories Bill , bad roused a slecpinc lion .
Sir Robert Peel trusted that the House would not be led V » y tho opinions of men whose opinions were so discord .. nt , to resist a great improvement of tho lawan improvement embodying what had been proposed by Lord Stowell , ao far back as 1812 , when he n-prtseuttil the University of Oxford . More especially vr . is he surprised . tout Mr . T . Duncombe should object to a bill which , for the first time , proposed to relieve him from his apprehension of having an ear cut off or being brandud on the forehead . The Government had been threatened with , the peril which they encountered in carrying forward this bill . But they had been quite awure that in carrying forward such a reform they roused up against them private interests , which , however , be hoped would not influence the House ; those
who complained that the Bill did not go far enough , should pass it iuto committee , and endeavour to extern ! its provisions . Tbe highest authorities , ecclesiastical and jmtical , had recommended the reforms now undertaken by the Government ; and if tha House now rejected tbe Bill , let it cease to taunt Ministers with reluctance to introduce measures of improvement . When the amelioration of the criminal law , and the improvement of tbe civil law , had been undertaken , as measures of progressive reform , it had been urged that the ecclesiastical law should not escape ; it bad hitherto escaped , but , whatever might be the fate of the prpiunt proposition , he declared , "So help him God , " that no corrupt motive had influenced the Government .
Mr . LABOt'CHERE having presided over inquiries which recommended these reforms , supported tbe bill as condemnatory of tbe existing system , and in the hope of leading to farther modifications of the present measure . Mr . Hume was also prepared to support the bill , though he agreed tkat it did not go far enough . Captain Gladstone could not vote against tbo second reading , though objecting to some of its provisions . Sir H . W . Barron cordially supported the bill . It remedied gross abuses iu England , of which the counterparts existed ia Ireland . Mr . Roebuck , admitting the evils requiring to be pulled flown , would vote for the second reading , but objected to the constructive portion of the bill . On . a division , the second reading waa carried by 186 to 104 . MONDAY , May I .
Lord Stanley announced that on Monday week he will move a resolution with the view of introducing the Canadian Cora Bill . Sir James Graham moved tbat the House should SO into committee pro forma on the Factories Bill . On tbe motion that the Speaker should leave the chair for the commitment of this bill , Sir James Graham rose to state the alterations which Government proposed to introduce into it After adverting to the excitement which it had produced in tbe country , be referred to the objection made against it on account of its sudden aud simultaneous operation , which objection he answered by referenece to the checks provided in its 64 th and 65 th sections . He next proceeded to tbe objections of the Wesleyan body ,
which he considered as having been stated in the fairest manner , and as being entilted to the highest consideration from the praiseworthy efforts made by that body for the advancement of education . He accordingly specified the alterations which be intended to propose in regard to those objections . The first would be the allowance of a liberty to the parents in the selection of Sunday Schools . Another would relate to the hours of attendance at the Statute School , for the pnrpose of instruction in the Catechism and Liturgy of tne Church , which hours he proposed to arrange for tbe convenience of those who might desire to have their children exempted from that attendance . Tbe parent would also be relieved from tbe perhaps invidious obligation which the bill in its present shape
imposed upon him , of declaring that he had a ground of religious objection ; and besides the Sunday , a time would be allowed on each week-day for the attendance of tbe chilldren not belonging to tbe Church upon the instruction of the licensed minister or other authorized teacher whom tbeir parents might wish them to attend . A provision would likewise be made for the Roman Catholics , who object to the reading of the Scriptures in their entire form . With respect to the trustees , ho would propose tbat instead of leaving tbe second churchwarden to be nominated by the clerical trustee , the bill should give a right of election to those person who ' should have beeu donors or subscribers of a
certain amount to the school . Tbe remaining four trustees he proposed t > constitute through the election of ratepayers assessed at £ 10 ; but in order to prevent the minority from being unrepresented , he would propose that no ratepayer should be allowed to vote for more than two of these four trustees . The appointment of tbe bead-master of the school he w « uld leave with the Bishop , but all the assistants should be appointed by the trustees . He would give to any one tiustee a power of appealing to the Committee of Privy Council against the acts of his colleagues ; and he would suggest some enlargements in the powers of the Privy Council . The situations which be bad thus propounded
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were in strict consistence wub the principle of the bill as ha hit originally opened it , ua well as with the respvet which waa due to the conscientious feeling -of the Dissenters . If this important measure , brought forward by Government , and treated with singular forbearance by their opponents , should , with all these advantages , fail to obtain the public approval , he feared that the chance ef concord » nd conciliation would be gone by , and that a spirit of antagonism and bitterness would long prevail throughout this country . "He deprecated such a controversy , and referred to the great Christian test , that ye love one another ; " but he feared that the scorner might in these days point to some professing Christians , aud say , " See how these men bateone another ! " This bill < waatoe olive-branch whicb he had to tender , aad he trusted that the waters of strife would now be found subsiding .
Lord John Russell concurred in the hopr that this Bill would be discussed with calmness . Meanwhile he begged it might be remembered that when general education wua first attempted in the country through the agency of Mr . Lancaster , the Protestant Dissenters were the fore-most to aid it , both with their exertions . aud with their contributions . And yet he understood that one section of the church was at this day treating those Dissenters with suspicion and obloquy ; and under tbat sort of reptvaeh it couid not be matter of surprise if the education clauses in thiB BUI were received with some alarm . He considered the alterations now proposed as being a m < re tfficaciouq fulfilment of the original design
of tbo Government , rather than as any departure from that design ; but for the present he muut observe upon them , thit the necessity of having the schoolmaster a member of tbe Church wouid , as to all tbe masters amount tj a test and a disqualification ; and that the principle of election just announced wouM * stUl leave the Dissenting trustees in a minority at-the Board , even though , as waa the case in some of the manufacturing ( 1 ' iBtricts , their constituents might be a lame muj' -rity of the rate-payers . He would , however , consider tti- > dill with a hope of tffd : tually accomplishing its or jects , which were matter of much more importance to the poor of ( bis country than to any political patty .
Sir R . H . Inglis abstained from pronouncing any opinion at the present stage of the proceedings . Dr . Bowring declared his determination to-oppose the Bill , wlvch bad been digitally framed to conciliate those who , like Sir . R . Inglis , were bent on Churdi-of-Englanttising the community . Mr . Ewart said the Bill proposed a scheme of education far too complicated to be carried into successful operation . It would have bees wiser if the Government hod merely increased the annual education vote , and had not muddled with the ttie-oiigical portion of the system which they now proposed . Mr . Gally Knight considered that the Bill , as now mocirk-d , waa in accordance with the opinions expressed in th pet'tiwns which had been presented . Perfect religious equality could not prevail in a ceuntry with an Established Church .
Mr . Hawes admitted that grer . t concessions had been made by tho proposed alterations , hut considered that the value of the Government scheme of education was a matter to be reserved for after consideration . Mr . Milner GmsoN thought it vety rnfortunate that Parliament should meddle with religious instruction at all . Tbeir business was to take ctre of secular education , and leave religious to the pastors of the ' different denominations to which the children in tbe schools might belong . After a few observations from several members ; Sir James Graham said it was his intention to adhere to the clauses of the Bill , which limited the empl'yment of children under thirteen years of age , to six hours and a half .
After some observations from Mr . P . SCROPE and Lord Dunsannon , the latter of whom praised tlie Government for their proposed scheme , and also Sir James Graham for the liberality of his sentiments , the Bill was ordered to be committed on the 22 d inst . The House then proceeded to the other orders of tbe day , the first of which was the Irish Municipal Corporations Bill , an whicb the Irish Attorney-G ^ neTal , Mr . T . B . C . Smith , made what may be termed a maiden speech , consisting of details in defence of the Bill . After some discussion , it was read a second time . On the proposition for going into a Committee of Supply , on some items remaining over for further discussion .
Mr . T . Duncomhe called attention to the great increase in tho law expanses of the Government . The txpensss of tha recent special commissions , upwards of £ 17 , 000 , had not been fully explained . He considered that it ought to be referred to a select committee , in order to inquire and report Sir G . Clerk gave some explanation of the subject , but Mr . Francis Barino pointed out some discropancies requiring explanation , whicb brought up Sir George Clerk again , and the matttr was allowed to pass .
Some ather business of a routine nature followed , and then Mr . MURPHT obtained leave to bring in a Mil to amend an act passed in the last session cf Parliamaht , intitul " . ii " Au Act to enable Grand Junta nt the ensuing Summer and Spring Assizes t » maka certain presentniants in counties of cities and towns in Ireland , and to remove doubts as to the jurisdiction uf juaticea of the pvft . ee in places recently annexud to couutiea at large in Ireland . " Mr- Escott called the attention of tho Secretary of State for th « Home Department to thu fees liemamied from defendants in misdemeanours at the a £ ' z- > s ; and move 1 for returns of ;; 11 fee . 3 taken or Uenian l& \ from defendants by dorks of ass'Z 3 end clerks of the ) ptsaciJ in the several countu-s of England aud Wales , at the last t * o ass z ; a aud t *> e four last sessions of ths peace , as well aa at anj * special coKiinissiors held witbiu the last or present year . Ho mentioned some instances of abuse arising out of the practice to which he Galled attention .
Sir James Graham expressed his surprise at the statements mado by Mr . Escott . The returns were ordered after a brief discussion .
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saw a light as if it was burning ; I put part of n >? clothes on , and ran to the spot , which is about sixt ? yard from my cottage , and in the adjoining parish of Eisey . I found the camp was down , and on fife j saw Isaac and Martha Litten . The latter was runnini about crying for assistance . Isaac was stooping dow ? apparently locking for somethinj ? . I asked him » w the poor dear children were . He pointed to the spot and said—there . I then begged him to move the gfoff away , that I might see where they were . I p ^ j ?? them out , they were much burnt , ani quite dtj ? About two o ' clock Mr . Pinnlger and John BaUtam and assists to the bodies into
me remove an nuthouse ! Mr . Parker , surgeon , Crickdale , said he had IkI mined the children , and found the eldest child w « ^ girl about ten or eleven years old ; Bhe was very rau burnt , and ia examining the head , he perceived a sev ^ fracture of the skull on the left side , which mnst h * v been produced by a terrible blow , as a part of the skn » was destroyed , which irjjury was sufficient to can * . death . On Wednesday , the 26 th inata . it , I niafo further examination of the body ot the elder child » n 5 found the membrance covering the brain scorched aa ! burnt , from being exposed , by the loss of tee sknii
tnererorb l am or opinion toat tne Dlow was recei » J before the body was removed from the fira . The ottochildren were much burnt ; but I cannot say thatuS blow on the skull of the eldest was received » tou living . ^ Mr , , assistant of Mr . Taylor , very ably corrobo . rated Mr . Parker ' s statement in all its material poiat , and two other witnesses supported a portion of Richard Wheeler ' s assertions , but neither of them could ^ i that tbe father made or had appeared to have madea , effort to save the children . After a very protracS deliberation , the Jury returned a verdict , " That IjjJ Litten wilfully set his tent or camp on fire , there )™ causing the death of his three children . " ' The verdict was received with great satisfaction h * surrounding inhabitants , many of whom were waitinl to hear the decision . *
Much dissatisfac'ion was expressed at tho conduct of the policemen who were In attendance , and a leti » of complaint was addressed to the chief constable o » the subject .
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From the London Gazette of Friday , Apnl 28 , BANKRUPTS . Edmund Collings , Southampton , perfumer , to sumfr der May 10 , at twelve , June 9 , at half p » st twcl ?» , aj the Court Bankruptcy ; solicitors , Mr . Neal , Tokenhouse-yard ; official assignee , Mr . AI < ager , Brrebirj lane . John RepnoMs , Londen-road , Surrey , draper . May 5 , at half-pnst ten , Juue 9 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitor , Mesurs . Sole aiid Bo ) e , Aldermanbury ; official assignee , Mr . Wbitinote , BasingtoUstreet . William Gofton , Gilbert-street , Oxford-sfreet , and Famngrion-street , pawnbroker , Hay 5 . June 9 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy ; sot'eitorg , Mmsh , Harrison and Dobree , Hart-otreet , Bloomsbnryj official assignee , Mr . Pennell .
William Dutton Townsend , Little Russell street , Covent- «? : irden . pawnbroker , May 9 . at half-past one , June 8 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitor , Mr . A ° prey , Furnival ' s-inn ; official assignee , Mi Graham , Basingball-streef . B ? njamia Crassell , Croydon , Surrey , glass-dealer , May 8 , at eleven , June 9 , at twelve , at ths Court o ( Bankruptcy ; solicitors , Messrs . Russell and Ca , Suiithwatk ; official as&ignee , Mr . Green , AWermanbury . George Hammond , sen ., Havant , Hampshire , csmi raon-brewer , Mny 8 , at one , June 9 , at elevt-n , at ths Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitors , Messrs . Shoilandand Long , Bouvdrie-sUeet ; tffisial assignee , Air . Green , Alderm : Y . ; h < irv .
Nathaniel Bromley , Little Bentfey , E ?;* x maltster , May 16 , at half-past one , Jnne 10 , at half-p-iat twelTe , at the Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitor , Mr . Mswe , Bridge-street , Blackfriars ; official assignee , Mr . Edwards , Fre < t £ rick ' g-p ! ace , Old Jewry . Henry Pearson . Yurk , attorney-at-law , tyay 10 , at eieven , a * tb-- District Court , Leeds ; solicitors , Mr . Brooks , Featfaerstone-buildings ; Mr . Hodjr'on , York ; dnd Mr . Bond , Lseds ; official assignee , Alt . Young , Leeds . Nicholas Tuite , Liverpool , wholesale poulterer , May 13 , at twelve , June 12 , at elevtn , at the District Court , Liverpool ; solicitors , Messrs . Cuvelle aad Co ., Southampton-buildings ; and Mr . Thompson , Liverpool ; offieial assignee , Mr . Turner , Liverpool *
William Carter , Burford , Shropshire , cattle salesman , May 8 , June 8 , at half-past twelve , at the Birmingham District Court ; solicitors , Messrs . Price and Eiwardi , Tenbury , Worcestershire ; and Mr . Cullis , Birmingham ; otflci .-il assignee , Mr . Whitmore , Birmingham . John Fletcher , Eveshaui , Worcestershire , plumbefj May 10 , Juno 2 , at one , at the Birrainsbam District Court ; solicitors , Messrs . Colmore and Beale , Birmingham ; official assignee , Mr . Valpy , Birmingham . Jesse Prime , Keele , Staffordshire , maltster , May 1 ° > June 16 , at eleven , at the Court of B . tnkrnptcy , Birmingham ; solicitor , Mr . Jones , Ne-vcastle-under-Lyme , offieial assignee , Mr . Valpy , Birmingham . William Moses , Ripon , Yorkshire , innkeeper , MaySj at one , May 23 . at twelve , at the Leeds District Court ; solicitor . Mr . Blackburn , Leeds ; official assignee , Mr . Featni , Leed 3 .
William Hussey , Nether Kautsfordj Cheshire , baker , May 16 , at bilf-yast twelve , Juue 2 , at vwelve , at ths Manchester V strict Court ; solicitors , Mr . CM Add * phi-terrace , Strand ; and Messrs . Roscoi-, Knatsford ; official aasirneo , Mr . Stanway , Manchester . Michael " jickson , St . Andrew Auckland , Durham , miller . May 22 . June 16 , at eleven , at tbe Ne * e <« t ! e upon Tyne Bankrupts Court ; solicitors , Mr . G ^ ffiti , Raymond ' s-buildings ; and Mr . Trotter , Bishop AncSlami ; official assignee , Mr . Baker , Newcastie-apan-Tyne . John Whitshouse Showell , Birmingham , b < : 6 k ^ h May 6 , at eleven , June 1 » , at half-past elevt-n , at tne Birmingham District Court ; solicitor , Mr- J » oa « i Birmingham ; official assignee , Mr . Bittlestoo , Buuningham .
paetnebships dissolv . F . Buruham and B . Bolton , Kimston-upon-HulI , builders . J . Greenwood aud R . Wilson , Halifax , toners . Thomas Rawson and Co ., Sheffield , or elsewhere , common brewers , as far as regards H ., T ., and ¦• Evre . J . and T . Galloway , Manchester , pap er-stamen . Hamilton , Jacksou , and C- \ , Liverpool , merchants .
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From the Gazette of Tuesday , April 1 . BANKRUPTS . Adam Holloway , draper , Basingstoke , Hampshire , ^ surrender , May 9 , at one , and June 9 , at eleven , at tne Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitor , Smith , GoMsn-tqaart ; official assit-nee . Belcher , t Robert Griffiths , coal merchant , Nine-elms , May 9 , « twelve , and June 9 , at one , at tne Court of Bscxmptcy ; solicitors , Wilkinson and Satcbell , Q " " street , Cheapside ; official assignee , Penaeil . Charles Bunyani . grocer , Nelson-place , Oi < l K * " " road , May 12 , at two , and June 14 , at three , at tee Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitor , Kempster , Kenn » g » ncro 3 S ; official assignee , Lackington , Coleman-EUew buildings . . . „
John Nichols and Francis Williata Nichols , 'ea rners , Dorchester , May 10 , and June 9 , atone , at the Oou » of Bankruptcy ; solicitor , Brookes , Great-Jaiues-ajrew , Bedford-row ; official assignee , 'G . Gibson , BasingMu John Crow , licensed victualler , North-end , Fulhaffl . May 9 , at three , and June 2 , at two , at the C ° ""! Bankruptcy ; solicitors , Pollock and Co ., Gteat G » ° : ? T street , Westminster ; official assignee , Johnson , flan's hall-street ,, „* John Allan , brewer , Clapham , M « tf 9 . at ™ U ' Z ? one , and June 2 , at twelve , at the Court of Ban kraptqr . solicitors , Miller and Csrr , East-Chespr official awga ** Johnson , Basingball-streer . # .. Charles Milns Nicholson , cora-dealer , New Coro-r * change , Mark-lane , May 9 , at half-past two , ana J £ " 2 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy ; sol * 2 ** oTf _ 2 « . dall , Welbeck-street , Cavendish-squaw ; offlcUJ **^ JohnsonBasinghallstreet . aiii
nee , , - . , . u- »« uoc , tiuuuauu , jjaaMiguaii- vsv . iUm 1 & Wm . Harrington , linen-draper , High-itreet , jW May 13 , at one , and June 14 , at two , at tbe l / N £ Bankruptcy ; solicitors , R . and W . Alderda * , J £ « "f house-yard ; Craig , Braintree , Bmx ; official M 8 *""" Johnson , Basingoxll-street M-igat Samuel Batoman , factor , Birmingham , M » y _"\ . one , June 31 , at eleven , at tbe Birmingham P >«™ Court ; solicitor , Whateley , Birmingham ; ofiicJM" - * nee , Christie . ., jQct Gustavus WulfF , banker , Liverpool , May i » , ^ 13 , at eleven , at tha Liverpool Dwtne » & ***' *» tors , Easterby , Preston ; Arcber , Liverpool ; warj ^ Staple Inn ; official assignee , FoUett , Liverpool .
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HORRIBLE OCCURRENCE AT EISEY . ( Fiomthe Wilts Independent . ) A Inb-iurinsf man , niwnsd Isaac Litten , beloDgin » to the parish of E ' sey , with his wife and fauv children , kaviug been ejected from their cottage , were sheltering on the night of Friday , the 2 l 3 t instant , In a miserable hut which tht : ? bni constructed of hurdles and _ straw covered with a piece of c « tton patchwork , in Go'deri Rose-lane , in tho above parish , when about balf-past ten o ' clock , tho flro not bei . ig properly extinguished , the place ignited . Litten and his wife escaped unhurt , leaving three of the children , aged respectively , five ,
seven , and ten years , in the fl ' . rnes , without making any attempt to rescue them . Btf ; re any as ^ ietince arrived the poor children were burnt to death . Oa examining the ground where ttw fire took place some blood was discovered . 1 \ v * excited suspicion , and on examination of the bodies , the skull of oce of them was found to be fractured . This added to tha suspicious nature of the circumstances , and tha fatb < r waa immediately apprehended . About nine months aqo a child belonging to the same parson was found drowned in a oitch near the same place ; suspicion at tbat time fell on the pa rents .
A very fearful sens . ition of course prevailed in tbe neighbourhood , and in expectation of the corocer , . a very large number of highly respectable persons assembled on Tuesday . James Crowdy , Esq ., one if our magistrates , was present , giving such valuable directions as the bovribie and intricate nature of tho transaction required . The jury weia sTorn in a cottage adjoining the lane , and after making a very minute examination of the bodies , and of the spot where they were burnt , adjourned to Mr . Pinnigor ' s , of Seven Bridges farm , to take evidence .
The father , Isaac Litten , after being cautioned that any statement he made would be taken down and used as evidence against him , said—I lived for the last fortnight in the lane . I went to bed about n quarter past eight on Fridsy night—my wife was not laid down . ^ 1 came from Wheeler ' s , where I went to ask him to ta £ e us in , as the policeman bad told us we must move . There had been a flee about a yard and a half from the entrance . It was out when I went to bed , and had been ever since seven o ' clock . I undressed mysaif ana got into bed . We burn no candle . 1 and my" wit ' o
slept just inside the tent , and the children beyond us . About ten I was awoke by the falling of fire . I jumped up , ras out , and took hold ol the covered hurdle to pull it off the children . The hurdles fell together , so that I could not find them . My wifa ran for assistance , and in about five minutes Richard Wheeler came , and in about ten minutes afterwards rve found the children . I never heard them cry , nor saw them struggle . Tho dogged indifference with which this statement was made , combined with the low , brutal appearance of the man , caused a general feeling of horror iu the jury-room .
The mother , Martha Litten , said—I and my children went to bed about eight My husband was not in . I covered up the fire with the bricks . He came iu about nine with a lighted candle . I was lying down with my baby on my arm . I saw him on his knees . Be did not get into bed . I fell asleep , and was awoke by some noise . My husband said " Damn thee , thee be ' sfc all a , 0 x 6 ; " he wa « then getting off the bed ; he ran out and I followed as soon as I could . I did nob bear the children scream ; I ran away to call for help with my baby , and did not see him do anything : Richard Wheeler came with me . When I left the rlre was only burning on that part which covered us ; it was not burning where the children were . -
Richard Wheeler—When I came from my work on Friday evening last , Isaac Litten was sitting in my house in Golden Rose-lane about eight o ' clock . He told me the policeman said be must remove from the laue , or else they should take him before tbe magistrate ; be asked me if I could take him in aad bis family , so tbat they might lie down . I told him I could sot , as there was only one room ia the house . He said I might have tbe hurdles . I said I only wanted my own ; I Bhould wish him to bring them . He said that he would not remove , a single thing , aad that he would set fire to it all first Soon after he went away , and took nothing with him from my bouse . I then went to bed , and about ten o ' clock , as near as I can tell , I was awakened by the screams of a woman . I jumped out of bed , » nd unfastened ths window , and
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James Wylie , the Draughts Plateb . TJjjg extraordinary youth , who may be said to be theN «! poleonoftha draughts board , in the course of iu peregrinations 2 lighted in this place last week , and was not long iu drawing around him all the ami . rants to skill at the game in the burgh . Despite " however , all fflorts , none could gain a march upon nira
; ne was rouaa co oe aione ana unapproachable . Wylio unites the capacity of pedlar with his eels brity as a draughts player , and is thereby enabled while going across the country , to exercise his won ' derful gift . He is a diffident , unpretending lad , jnj would be the last person in the world to be taken for what , he is . Hi * striking simplicity of character affords the more striking contrast to his shrewdness at the board . We believe he ia en £ a {; ed to play in j short time a great match at Glasgow , for £ 200 aside with Mr . Audprsou , of Carluke , who is his only rival in Scotland . —Kelso Chronicle .
An Inquest was held upon the body of a little girl , aged fiv « years , who died from starvation , on the road side near Llangefni , North Wales , lut week . It appears that her father was unable topro cure employment , and had applied ^ c the relieving officer in the parish , who gave hiTOJge shilling , and told him to be off about his business , and not trouble him again . The consequence was that the father had nothing to give his children , one of whom died for want of proper food .
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ft THE NORTHERN STAR __
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 6, 1843, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct480/page/6/
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