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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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DANIEL G'CONNSLL , THE FRIEND OF THE POOR . DANIEL O'COXNBLL , THS REVrLEB OF THE WIVES A KB DAUGHTERS OF THE ENGLISH PEOPLE . f Continued from our last . ) Pi am this geser&l charge against the people of 13 ngl&nd , whkfr it ni necessary to place in its true ligkt , I come to jour Beveral charges against " English Poor Laics , " which might , perhaps , hare experienced from you some little mitigation of censure , if you had , fcj any accident , happened to tnow that they -were , too , American Poor lam , u you will ( to yosr indignant surprise , I dare mj ) learn more circumstantially by-andty . The first thing yon nrge against oar Poor Laws is ,
Oat tnej " interfere with icagts" and that tan u one of the ttlnga tS * t " friglitnt" yon . As an Irkh lawyer , you might be excused lor your ignorance of these laws , "but not for a msrepresatalion $ f them : and here we hare a mere / act to deal with , aad have ihe -written proof at hand . To the original poor law of the 13 rd of BBsaoeth , many acts hare be « n added , relating to the relief a&d management of the poor ; and , in no one of these acts is there any authority given to anybody to imttrftn with the traces of labour , nor is thtrb in any of them , nor in the original law itself , any countenance giTen to any such interference . So that it appears that 700 hare been frightened by the workings of yoarown imagination . That , in many cases , the magistra t es in
settling the amount of relief , have taken the amount of the trapes of the parly into view , - and that they bare , hi most eases , made the relief too small in proportion to the Traces ; and that , in many cases , the employers of farm-labourers have , in order to ease themselves at the expense of gentlemen and tradespeople , giTen the labourers las in wages and more in poor-rales ; all this is true enough , and it certainly inYOlTea a misapplication of the powers of the poor-laws ; but what charge does this imply a-jalnsl Ihe poor-laws themselves ? And , after all , what is this evil ? what does this crooked-¦ working of self-interest amount to , compared \ rith the frightful evil of 'leafing thousands to perish with hunger and cold for want of legal and sure relief ?
For " tick aad maimed , " however , yea -would , it seems , have relief provided by " the Stou- " It is impossible to know what you mean by ihe Stole ; but at any rate , you would hare them provided for by a compulsory assessment of some sort ; but not ike aged , nor the hale , though these l »> ter be without work , and without the means of obtaining food or raiment ; and . jon add , tbxtfou " beiiev * " that " it was not , at first intended bj the poor-laws to provide for the / wants of tbia class . ** yrhen a latcyar is speskiDg of an ad of Parliament , and especially when its tendency is the subject matter of his discourse , he should not " belieo& ' anything about its provisions ; and , before you pronounced so decided a condemnation of this , the greatest of all our acts of Parliament , which , in fact , furnishes % great part of the machinery for carrying on all our
internal amirs , and which raises and disposes of more than seven millions of pounds sterling in a year in England and Vales ; before yon so boldly condemned ttiB great act , your mind ought to have had left in it not the smallest ground for belief respecting the provisions . This belief is , however , erroneous ; for the act does provide , and it clearly intends to provide , for this class of persons ; and , if it had not provided for them , it would haTe been negatory at the time ; and if they *» &re not provided for now , an army of five hundred thousand men would not uphold the Government of England for a month . ' I thank God , that it does pro-Tide for tfceir wants ; I thank God . that it gives them o right to relief , and that they know and feel it . ItistLs bend " of p » race ; it is the ee-ment of English" society ; and accursed be all those who would enfeeble it '
But , " the skk and vimvied , " you would have the state provide for these ; but ncijor iheaged ; and if there be , in " almost every village of Ireland , a dispensary , and in every eomty town an . hospital , " there is provision already made for the " sick and maimed ; " so that the Irisa poor hare all that you want them to have ; Olad to know it ! It certainly is news to me . 1 -wish it may be true . ' Tet there must want a " dispensary " dtfood and doihixg , or else we have been told most monstrozts lies abont the people eating stinking shell-fish , Bea-weed , and nettles , 33 d about -whole parishes receiving toe rztrrme vttdion preparatory to death from starvation , and about whole families of females being in a State otoompide nakedness ; and our own eyes must deceive ui , and mine especially must deceive me , when I
think I see . every month of my life , hundreds of squalid creatures tramping into London , by my door , tfithont aooes , stocXingB , cr shirts , with nothing on the bead worthy of tie -came of hat , and with rags hardly sufficient to hide the nakedness of their bodies ! However , for the aged ym will haTe no provision . And why ? "What is your reason for this ? For , upon the faee of ihe proposition , it does seem to be dictated by anything bat that tenderness which , you are constantly expressing towards the Irish people Year reasons are these : — 1 . That , by making provirion for the destitat * in old age , yon . tike away the great inducement to industry and frugality in ihe days of youth ; and , 2 . That you deprive the aged parents of the aid of their children , who , seeing a provision for then in the poor house , will leaTe them
to go to perish in its •* naked cells . " As to the first of these reasons , it would be equally good against a pro-Triaion for the *• tick and maimed , * if they happened to he old . Bat are ail the laboariitg people able , in youth , » o lay by something for old afe ? It is the decree of God that the human race shall be sustained by labour ; ninetenths of labour is painful in some degree ; very few of the human race will encounter pain , but from necessity and none will , therefore , seldom encounter morr of this pa&t than is demanded by their present toasts . 1 o call upon men who are engaged in pursuits not bodily p * jV , to lay by , in their youth , for the days of old age , is reasonable and just ; but to call upon the hard- working man to do -this , is neither . If he do it ( and , in England , he , to a great extant , does it , in fire cases out of six ,
after all ); if he do it , where is the tongue or pen to speak the praise that is his due ! Bat if he haTe not , ttaatchatever cause , been able to do it , or have not done it , be bis a dear right to a provision in old age : fee hat spent Mi life and worn out his strength in the ¦ enrice of the community ; and that reluctance which every mas natazaUy feels to ask another for something , is x sufficient security against his being lazy- and prodigal in his youth , upon a cool calculation of the benefit of parochial provision in his old age . "With regard to your second objection ; namely , that by making a provision for oldajre , -70 a deprive ihe indigent parents of the md of their ehildrex , who , seeing the " naked cell" pro-Tided for them , will let thestpo to it ; with regard to this matter , yon appear to regard the Irish people as being
capable of setting at defiance , and as likely to set at defiance , not only the laws of nature , but also the express and a hundred-times-repeated laws of God No Tery high compliment to your countrymen ! No very ¦ strong proof of the sincerity of your belief in thst *• generositf , " tbat " active and practical compassion for the . poor , " xnA that " deep sense of religion" wnicn we shall presently see you ascribing to them ! But you , as a lawyer , might have told them one thing , and since you did not do it , I will ; and that is , that if neither the laws 0 ! nature nor those of God could induce them so far to honour their father and their mother as to keep them from the poor-house , the poor-iatct vxuid compel then , to do it , they having the ability ; and if
they have not the tirilily , how can poor-laws deprive the parents of tfceir aid ? Aa a lawyer , you ought to have known that those poor-laws which you so vehemently decry , compel a ll persons , being able to do it , to maintain their indigent / aftm , mothers , graadfathen , grandmothers , children , and grand-children . This is wh&t you ought to haTe told your Dublin audience , though it might have cost you the loss of some of those valuable cheers , which you obtained by this suppression of the truth , and by supplying its place with the " naked cell" existing n » -where but in your imagination . Either yon did not inow ihe late as to this matter , or you did fe »< nc » 4 . If the former , you ought to haTe Jmowii it before you made this speech ; and if the latter , I decline to characterize your conduct
But , Sir , in your anxious haste to narrew the effect of poor-laws , you forgot that , besides the "dek , the maimed , and tie a ^ ed , there were some other parties t who are , howerer , by no means overlooked in that * Holt " Wbjt , for not believing in which we shall pre- j aeutly find you condemning the " infidel" to be dealt ! with in a way " to supersede all legal punishment ";' namely , tbe icicknc , the orphan , and the stranger . In your comprehensive scheme of " active and practical compassion for the poor , " you will make ao provision Jbr these . ' The English poor-laws , which do not cry , ¦" Lortl Lordi" but which do his iciil , mate provision for them all ; and well , indeed , is it that they do , or thousands upon thousands of Irishmen -would , si . this ¦* ery moment , be dying and lying dead from starvation ; and that , too , if your doctrine be sound , without having the smallest groaad for accusing the English ef injustice or cruelty .
The law of aettlemnsft you represent as an tsstruaent of epprietsiofL Your story about yearly servants being obliged to be ow month eut > of employ , in order to prevent them from p ining a settlement , is mere romance , the \ tiling "feeing impossible ; because the whole of the bosi- j sets is all the farm houses in the country mast , in that ' case , be saspended for a Btoorfh ; and , to believe thst i this can take place , yon must know about English fara- j ing as Ihtie as , for jour sake , I hope you know abost j osr poor laws . In some cases , for the reason here as- j signed , tbe master will hire the servant for soue days j less than a year ; but it ranch oftener happens that this j sort of bargain is Cram tbe wish of tbe servant , who 1 does not , is general , wish to " fox hit parish ; " and , at J thu moment I ha-ve a eountiT-boyliving with me , whose mother would net consent to hi * earning unless the bargain was such as not to cause him " to lose his parish . "
¦ This , at once , shows the light in which the vxtrkuig people Tiew the poor laws . Instead of deeming them a bond of" davery , " as yoa chooae to represent them , they deem them the title of their rig&t to . their patrinoey . And with regard to the compelling of married people to stick to iheir parishes , it is a great good , inatead of being an evil ; it being eTideni tbat people in that state of life will be , in all respect * , mo » careful of their ehurectera , and will be mere likely to be » f better behaviour , if resident amongst those who know them , than if wandering about from place to place . If they quit their parishes , and become chargeable to another , or likely to be so , the poer laws expose them not to oppnesslon , bat consider them in the light of " the gnaegfT , " rch ' ere them if necessary , &nd take them home to their parish . Well woa ' . d it have been . Sir , for the thou-A&ds of poor forty-shilling freeholders cflrelaad , wh 9 lB 3
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tbe " Liberator" saw driven off the estates , as the price of tint " EiTiancipotion" which gave Aim a seat in Parliament ; well would it haTe been for these poor sacrificed creatures , if there had been an English law of seiUanent to compel the savage landlords to keep them ; and in that case , indeed , they would never have been driven off the estates , and , finally , as they were , exposed ta all the horrors of famine and pestilence . We now come to two assertions , which , from their character , and from one and the same term being applicable to both , ought not , fer a moment , to be separated ; namely , 1 . That , in the town of Shrewsbury , you saw placards , on which were inscribed the words , " Vagbasts and Irish Labourers whipped out of the Uncn ; " and , 2 . That " Mr . Stdbges Bournb made an improvement in the law ; for he provided that , after the IBISH LABOURER vas tcftipped , he should be sent home . "
As you positivel y assert that you saw tbese placards at Shrewsbury , 1 must suppose that Shrewsbury is in Ireland ; for I am sure yoa never taw gach a placard in EnffUad , This town is certainly in Tipperary or Connaught , or somewhere : at any rate , I assert that you never saw it in as English town . As to the second of this couple of assertions ; FIRST , in no bill ever brought in by Stceges Bournb is tbero oae singlu word about " Irish labourers , " and in no law that is now in existence , or that ever ikw in existence , is there any prevision for , or one word about , the whipping of Irish labourers . Therefore had you not said that tbe matter of this speech was the fruit of your " daily thoughts , nightly musings , and morning meditations , " I should have concluded that it was the subject of a dream , or an effusion , emanating from an exhilarating draught at Bellamys .
But suppose we were to disregard the sufferings of the Irish here ; were to let them die in the streets , instead of sending than home , we should only be acting upon your oicn principle ; for you propose to leave the stranger , even in his own country , without any relief at alL But how can you , Sii , reconcile -with your profession of a desire \ o sec the two countries cordially united ; how can you reconcile with this profession this assertion , that there is a law , in England , authorising the vchipping of Irish labourers before they be sent home ?
I hope that some one has told you the story , and that want of time prevented you from looking after this late . The falsehood being so entire , it not haying a shadoTT of truth to give it couatenance , 1 cannot htlp hoping that this is the case . I see , in the course of the year , many hundreds of tbem going off to Bristol in very commodious caravans , drawn by good horses , smoking their pipes , and full of your admired " wild merriment . " Never are they whipped , and there is no l aw for whipping them , in any case , in which an ThiglTHnTrtftT 1 -wouid not be -wliipoed .
Equally destitute ef truth b the assertion , tbat " dei ^ gymen ol the Church of England have sworn , that , out of ever } - itcenly -women of the poorer clashes , that were married by them , nineteen were pregaauL" No clergyman in England ever Bwore this , and no ont > ever Baid it . The tale is a gross misrepreaentatlon of evidence given before a committee of the House of Commons in 1828 , when the oversser of Pelham , in Hertfordshire , void the committee , that nearly the whole of the young -women were pregnant before they were married ; because , being to « poor to pay ihe cxpences of the wedding
they generally pnt it off , till the parish was glad to pay for it But was this tbe fault of tbe poor laws ? No ; bat , as was shown by the same evidence , the fault of the taxes , which- made the farmers unable to pay the labourers a sufficiency of wages , and that this latter made the labourers so poor , that they were unable to get married before the pregnancy became obvious to tbe parish tfficers . Thus the poor laws , instead of being the cause of this shame to the young peeple , actually cam * in and prevented the children being born out of wedlock .
The same may be said of your statements relative to the letting out of the English labourers to hire to the highest bidder , and of all the other degrading measures adopted by overseers . They are abuses of the poor laws , and not evils created by the pool laws : they nave arisen ant of recent a ' . ieratiora in those laws , and not out Of those l&ws themselves , as is clear from the fact , that those laws existed for about two hunilred years before any of these evils and oppressions were ever heard of . As to the farming of ihe poor , supposing it to be done upon just principles , what is it more than putting children to be boarded by ihe ytar 1 If care be taken that tfce contractor do what he ought to do , there is nothing either unjust or degrading in this ; and if he do not do his duty , and the poor people complain , the payers of the rates have no interest , and can have no inclination to uphold fcim in his wrong-doing . So that this is a perfectly futile objection to poor laws , of which ., however , this species of contract forms no essential part .
Your Dext statemeBt is , that " in consequence of the poor laws , tbe FIRES are note biasing in England from xorih U > south , " The cause of these tires is well known j it is openly avowed , it is specific ; and it is , that the farmers da not give the labourers so much usages as they say Vity ought to have . This is notoriously the causa fn ibsdj- cases thefres have stopped when the wages have been raised ; and have be gun again when the wages have been loxcered . This has , indeed , been the case all over tbe country ; and , in the face of these well-known facts , considering also that the poor-laws have existed about two hundred and forty years , and never produced such effects before , it required , certainly , nothing short of a Dublin audience to embolden you to describe the F 1 E . ES &s " a consequence of the poor-Iain ; " after which , who need to wonder if yon were to ascribe the national debt and the cholera morbus to the poor-laws ?
- You have known " committee after committee sit in Tain , to discover some way of making an elective amelioration in the poor-laws . " Hare you , indeed ! and so haTe I too . But that may be an argument in favour of tbe poor-laws . Lord Coke said , that MaGNA Charta was too strong a fellow to be overcome by pony acts of Parliament : ' and the same may be said of Old Betsy's po 9 r-law . But , do you know what they mean by " amelioration V I will tell you : taking away the relief . This is what they have been trying at for about twenty years . But they find the law " too strong a fellow" for them . It is the Magna Charta of the working people ; it is written in tlieir hearts ; the writing descends from the bean of the father to that of the son ; and God forbid that it should ever be effaced ; for , if eTer that day eome , Engiiah society and English manners , and English happiness , will all be effaced along with it , and the world will lose the example of a working-people , such as it never had in any other country upon earth .
Now , Sir , before I come to youi general and sweeping denunciations against the English poor-laws , let me , in finishing these particular assertions and arguments , just put under your eyes one remaining assertion : it is this : " Apothecaries to supply the poor with medicines are hired , whose interest it is , that the sick peor should die as soon as possible , in order that they may be at the less expense for Medicines . " This , too , -wns the result of your " thoughts by day , your musings by night , and your morning meditations , " was it ? If you , Sir , can now again see this your insinuation upon paper , and not change colour , anything addressed to you , though by a pen a million times as eloquent as mine , must be wholly thrown away .
Leaving you to consider of , to think , muse , and meditate on , tbe figure you m&ke before Englishmen , with tViiii insinuation on youi lips , I cow come to your sweeping assertions relative to the effects of the poorlaws , and to the picture which you give us of the people of the two countries so much in favour of the Irish . You told your cheering audience , that tbe poor-laws Biade slaves of the English working-people ; that it completely destroyed their character for independent ; that you preferred the wild merriment of the Irishman to Use haifsuiky , hoif-miserable tones of Uie English slave to tbe poor-laws ; that the Irishman certainly had his distresses [ indeed ! J , but then he had his hopes [ of what ?] ; >* e endured much misery , but then he entertained expectations of redress !
Here , it seems , there was " grnt cheering ; " and well there might , if the matter conveyed surprise as agreeable to your audience as it does to me , Well , then , here you wipe away the heavy charge of our poor " halfsulky , half-miserable" slaves having made tho Irish poor J And if this really be the state of the Irish people ( and who can doubt it since you say it is ); if they have those cheering hopes and flowery expectations ; if they save in youth -wherewithal to support them in age ; if they have dispensaries in all the Tillages , and hospitals in all the ceunty towns ; and if they be las under such happy circumstances they naturally must be ) wild in merriment ; this being ( as we now know it is ) their state , then , upon my word , if they still come here to mock with their mirth our poor , " half-sulky" souls , I shall be for giving their hides a little firking , a la
Strearsbury ; for United Kingdom" here , or •* United Kingdom there" there , they are not to come heie with their " wild merriment , " and taunt us with our " halfmisexable" tones ! However , when I get upon the same floor with you , we wid soon make an equitable adjustment as to this matter , at any rale . You shall move and I will second a bill , which when it become a law , shall be called tbe Act of Reciprocity , giving you power to whip all the " half-miserable" English slaves that go to Ireland , and me power to whip all the youths of " wild merriment" that come to England . This would Bet all to rights in a trice : you would preserve your " green island" from the contagion of the sulks ; and if I did not clear ours of tht " wild merriment , " there sBould be neither whalebone nor whipcord left In England .
But now let mm { and soberly , if it be possible ) take a more niinnfo look at these general assertions made by Foil They , taken fairly and without exaggeration , amount to this : that tbe English poor laws degrade a people , destroy all iadependevee spirit , and , in fact , moke them staves . Before I come to ask you how these assertions are TO 8 faiin <* 1 by the comparative condition and character and manners of the English and the Irish , you win perhaps permit me to ask you how Moses same to make such ample provision for the indigent poor ; how THE APOSTLES came to do the same , and
to establish the osier of Deacons for the express purpose of s&perintending the tables at which the poor were relieved ; how the Catholic Church came to receive all lands and other real property , as well as gifts in money , in ihe name of ihe poor , and in no other name ; how that cfeJ / ECH came to allot one-third part of tiia tithes t ® the p ^ bt , which in Ireland , you say , the Proiestant parsenfj ' ji ' efttff' from tiiem : you will , perhaps , permit oa cd ask' 700 . how all this came to be , if poor laics , that ii'io say , regular relief to the indigent , have a natural tendency to < J * grade , break down the spirit , and enslave o&n ; for , mind , the act of Old
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Betsy only came to supply the place of the certain and regular parochial relief , before secured to the people by the statute as well as the common and the oanonlaw . — You will , I dare say , answer , by saying ,, that if Moses , tbe Apostles . St Austin , Pope Gregory , and the makers of Magna Charts , had been aware of the manifold blessings of stinking shell-fish , sea-weed , nettles , and ag > t % - tion , they would have made an exception as to the " green island . " Well , bat tbe mere colour cannot signify much in such , a case ; and then let me ask you , whether you deem the people of the United States of America to be degraded , destitute of independent spirit , and skives ? ( To be continued in our next )
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INSOLVENT DEBTORS * COTJBT—Monday . ( BtforeMr . Commissioner Bowen . ) BE GEOBGE CONWaY MONTAGU , ESQ . A KATHEK EXTKAOKBIKARY Case . —The case Involve * an immense mass of property , and debts to a Tery large amount . The insolvent ( who appeared to be about seventy years of age ) had been in prison eTer since tbe year 1827 . His debts and liabilities were stated on the schedule to be about £ 23 , 000 and his assets to meet this sum , a shadow . The cause of his insolvency be attributed to his long imprisonment , ic The detainers at the Queen ' s Bench were very heavy . His discharge was opposed by Mr . Woodroffe on behalf of a lady named Mary Elizabeth Rudd as executrix , tc .
The insolvent supported his own petition , and » bjectfcd in litnine to tne opposition , and said Mrs . Rndd bad no locus standi in court , and called on her to prove her debt Documents were then put in by the Learned Conngel in proof , and the ctse proceeded , by which it appeared he had given a warrant of attorney , dated May , 1830 . Mr . Woodroffe—Looking at your schedule , Mr . Montagu , I shculd suppose that you imagine yourself a TictitQ of imprisonment for debt ? Insolvent—I do , indeed , 8 ir . Mr . Woodroffe—Have you not received , since you have been in prison , the sum of £ 26 , 500 ? Insolvent— No , Sir , not so much . Mr . Woodroffe—Look to your special balance-sheet Insolvent—I labour under great disadvantages in not having the assistance of counsel .
Mr . Woodrom *—You have been badly advised in not having one of my Learned Friends to assist you . Insolvent—I paid £ i , S 90 law costs in a Chancery suit . My estates involved , property to the amount of £ 200 , 000 and odd . Mr . Woodroffe—I see from your schedule that you have won at " play , " from 1827 to 1 S 4 I , the sum of £ 1 , 500 . Insolvent—That is an error ; the date ought to be from 1821 to 1841 . Mr . Woodrofie— How much did you win in prison ? Insolvent—I lost £ 1 , 000 by play in prison . Mr . Woodroffe—Then yon found some clever fellows in prison , eh ? The insolvent looked at the Learned Counsel , and then at the Learned Commissioner , and made protestations as to his motives . The Court desired him not to talk so much if he
wished to have his case properly investigated . Mr . Woodroffe—What did you lose by cards ? Insolvent— £ 3 , 500 . A long examination then took place as to the disposal ef £ 6 , 000 he had received in one sum whilst in prison . He was questioned whether he had not received a considerable sum with his first wife , te which he answered in the negative , for she had only one gown , ic . ; and as to tbe little boy that was before marriage . ( Roars of laughter . ) . She was only a carpenter ' s daughter . Ho had married , since , a Miss Campbell .
Mr . RobiDS , solicitor , stated that the insolvent ' s pro . perty had been Talued at £ 210 , 000 , which property was situate in Wiltshire . His life interest had been valued by Mr . Morgan , the actuary , at £ 30 , 000 , He stated that Mr . Flight got £ 18 , 000 , by raising annuities , and the insolvent nothing , as the charges swallowed np alL Mr . Kobi&s dented he was a debtor to the insolvent ' s estate . Mr . George Padmore opposed fn person , and proved a debt of £ 500 . He ( the creditor ) was formerly a draper in Bond-street , but was now himself a prisoner for debt The insolvent said he did not owe the debt , and denied that he had lost ¦ with Kussell , the celebrated gambler , a few years since so much as £ 1 , 800 In the Queen ' s Bench .
Mr . Woodroff * , In his address to the court , complained of the insolvent's conduct in remaining in prison for so long a period , and now coming up , after be had spent every farthing , and had nothing left for his creditors . Since his Imprisonment , be bad received in hard cash no les a sum than £ 12 , 000 , and had fritttered a life interest worth £ 98 , 000 , and all he had paid to his bonafid * creditors had been only £ 1 , 800 , and , therefore , he charged him with making away with £ 11 , 000 in prison , which ought to have been divided amongst his creditors , and which , had it been properly applied , would have paid 40 s . in the poundhe owing ( as it was stated in his schedule ) when he went to prison in 1827 only £ 5 , 060 or £ 6 , 000 . Mr . PadmoTe followed , a&d said the insolvent had been connected with all the notorious gamblers that infest London , which had been the principal cause of his ruin .
The Insolvent addressed the court with much energy , and said that having such great expectancies he had a right to spend the money if he pleased . He had hoped to have paid his creditors , but bad been disappointed in his expectations . The insolvent having been sworn to his schedule , The Learned Commissioner gave judgment Addressing tbe insolvent in a very marked manner , he said , " I am sorry to be obliged to remand a person at your advanced time of life for a period much longer than nsnaL Since I first took my seat on this bench , " said
the Learned Commissioner , " I never met a case that called more strongly for the court ' s marked reptobaUo » . Your balance-sheet proves that , bat for your perverse disposition , all your creditors could have been paid 20 b . in the pound . Considering your case so discreditable , and it affording such a dangerous example generally , I feel bound , notwithstanding the duration of your former cenflnement , to adjudge you to an imprisonment of two yean ( within the walls of your prison ) , at the suit of boss one or more of your creditors , from the date of the Testing order , and not within any rules or liberties thereof , for making away with
property . " The insolvent was guarded by two of the Queen ' s Bench tipstaffs back to prison , greatly dejected .
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BRONTERRE'S PETITION FUND , TO THE CHAKTISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN . Gentlemen , —We , Mr . James Bronterre O'Brien's Election Committee , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . consider it oni duty to submit the case of that gentlemen to tbe Chartist body generally , confident that bis first-rate talents and services to the cause of British liberty w ill command the aid necessary to render his exertions still more powerful , by securing for him that representative authority which he was legally invested with by an overwhelming majority of both the electors and nonelectors of this borough .
It will be , however , unnecessary to enter into a full detail : suffice it to say , that immediately on the declaration of the Returning Oflicer ( which was the most absurd and unjust affair ever witnessed ) one of Mr . O'Brien ' s committee rose and protested against the injustice of the decision . Tbe Committee then retired to their meeting room , drew np a formal protest , and appointed a deputation to carry it to the Sheriff , who admitted , in the interview with the deputation , what he had admitted on tho hustings , and what was obvious to all present on the occasion , viz ., that Mr . O'Brien was indisputably the choice of a great majority ' of the citirans of Newcastle . Si nee the election , we ( tbe committee ) have lost not a raement in prosecuting the claims of Mr . O'Brien . Legal proceedings are now pending ; and we have already received the opinions of several eminent professional gentlemen , all of whom admit the obvious legality of Mr . O'Brien ' s claims .
The entire expence which may be incurred will not exceed from £ 40 to £ 60 ; and , considering the magnificent mind , the incorruptible heart , and the indefatigable disposition of Mr . O'Brien—whose abilities would be rendered a thousand-fold more powerful on bis accession to the House of Commons—we rest with a certainty that this appeal will instantly procure a sufficient sum to carry out this glorious undertaking . It would be but a trifle for every district Mr . O'Connor has been appointed treasurer ; the contributions should therefere be forwarded to him . Let every town appoint a committee , with a sub-treasurer , and let tbe Government behold , by the activity and energy of our conduct , that we are worthy of the Berricss of so exalted a patriot
By order of the Committee , John Mason , chairman , James Sinclaib , sub-treasurer , No . 3 , Pipewellgate , Gateshead-on-Tvne . Mr . O'Brien ' s election committee hare got 2 , 000 copies of bis address , ( of the 23 rd June and of 20 th of July , to the electors and non-electors of Newcastle , &c , as corrected by himself ) struck off , in pamphlet form , which they Intend to Bell at Id . each . Any person may be supplied with any number , by applying to the Secretary , James Sinclair , No . 3 , Pipewellgate , Gateshead .
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TO THE MEN OF NEWCASTLE . Lancaster Castle , July 20 , 1841 . My -worthy Friends and Constituents , — Right gallantly and well you did the work ! Your con . duct in the late election surpassed my most sanguine anticipations . It has outshot everything hitherto known in tlie history of elections . Ton haYu flang into tbe shade wealth , rank , station , local connectionseverything that ignorance worships , and that commands the homage of slaves and parasites ; and you have chosen for your representative an oppressed victim of tyranny , vboae only home , at the moment you chose
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him , was a felon's cell—and wbose only claims of your suffrages wore his fcnowiy love of justice , and sufferings in the cause of humanity . How am I to thank yoa , men of Newcastle ? On the word of an honest roan , I know not how 1 I lack both ideas and language for it If your beaten townsman , Mr . Ord , has found you deserving of his thanks for giving hint the benefit of some eighty or one hundred hands , bow am I to return you adequate thanks for eleven thousand hearts and twice as Biany hands ? foryou , one and " all , I believe , gave me the benefit of both bands . Indeed , I cannot thank you as I should wish , nor shall I attempt it—not , at any rate , before we meet face to face in Newcastle , which , God willing ! shall be on or before the 21 th of October next ; and then , mayhap , your representative , inspired by the
presence of his constituents , may be able to express the sentiments which now animate him , and which make him pant for the hour when he shall be free to assist in completing the work you have bo nobly b ^ gun . . Till then , yoa must be content , ray friends , to take the will for the deed . And meanwhile the conntry will not ,- I hope , fail to do you justice }—< tor as it was the country in general , and not you in particular , I always sought to serve , so was the honour you conferred npon me intended for the entire country ' s benefit , and not for my individual Aggrandisement Yea , men of Newcastle , you have established for yourselves a cl-im on the country ' s gratitude . You are fully entitled to its beet thanks . Yon have set on example , which , if followed by every other city , borongh , and county at the next
general election , will prnv * the means , of carrying our Charter without the sacrifice of a single life , or of a shilling ' s worth of property ! and which ( bad it been successfully imitated at all the recent elections ) would have , ere this , unlocked all pur prison doors , and made it impossible for any Ministry to carry on the Government another three months without conceding the whole of our demands , asset forth in the People ' s Charter . If this has not already happened , the fault was neither yours nor mine . You have done all that one constituency could do , and I have done all ( during the last seven years ) that one man could do , to get the work done ; but I had no cordial support from any quarter . The next time , mayhap , I shall , and if ao , the people of England will owe it to the glorious example you have set I am , my Friends , Your devoted Representative and Servant , James Bronterbe O'Brien .
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EXECUTION OF THE BISHOP OF ERMELANDS MURDEKEK . Rudolph Kuhnapfd , the tailor , who murdered Bishop Yon Hasten and his houskeeper , in the episcopal residence at Frauenburgh , was executed early on the morning of the 7 tk inat , on the hill about a mile from that town , near the Elbing-road . The judgments pronounced in both instances by tbe criminal tribunals concurred in sentencing him to suffer death by the wheel , commencing at the lower extremities and proceeding upwards ( von unten nuf . ) The sentence was confirmed by the Koyal assent , dated the 15 th nit , to which a new form was given . . In the late reign it used to run thus : — ' We have read the sentence , and order the execution . " The present King has adopted the following phrase : — " We have read thia sentence , aad shall leave free course to the law . "
The prisoner behaved in a very regar less manner for a long timt , and showed nothing like remorse or contrition until after the sentence of the Court in the last resort was made known to him- A marked alteration then took place in his conduct On the 2 Sth ult ., when the Cabinet order for his execution was read to him he was so agitated that he could not speak . He then willingly received the spiritual assistance of the priest . The day before the execution be confessed , and received the sacrament The Elbing Zeitung gives the following account of the execution : — At half-past four in tbe morning tbe prisoner was removed in a cart from Braunsberg under a Becure escort , and arrived about six o'clock at the place appointed for the execution .
A crowd of persons , exceeding 10 , 600 , had assembled by daylight from all parts of the diocese , aud it Is worthy of remark that more than one-half of the collected mass consisted of females . The delinquent having alighted from the car in a very low state , a restorative draught was administered to him , after which he was conducted to the scaffold . There , on his fetters being struck off , he kneeled down with the accompanying priest and prayed . The chief of the Braunsberg tribunal then read the sentence , which ordered the execution by breaking on the wheel from below upwards , and closed with an address to the three executioners present in these words—" And now I deliver him to you for the due fulfilment of this judgment "
On hearing this the malefactor looked round to the priest , sank again on his knees , a&d ejaculated a short prayer . Then rising , he laid himself , with calm resolution , on tbe scaffold , and , refusing the assistance of the executioners , placed his limbs in the required position . This done , he said with a firm voice— " God have mercy on my poor soul ! " One of the executioners covered his face with a cloth . The terrible operation by the wheel new commenced . In ten minutes the wretched man was dead , : and the body was deposited in a coffin prepared to receive it The spectators looked on in a calm , orderly manner , preserving a Bilence suited to the awful scene before them , and the crime of the sufferer . Wken all was over , they dispersed quietly , but apparently under the influence of deep emotion .
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LIBERALITY OF THE MIDDLE CLASSES . A Correspondent writes thus : —A great number of the working classes have lately sent in their claims to tbe overseers of the various parishes of the Tower Hamlets , amongst whom is a friend of mine , ( a Mr . Rogers . ) Yesterday morning , on leaving home , he desired his wife , if the landlord called , to tell him that he ( Mr . Kogers ) had sent in his claim to be registered . Shortly after the landlord called , to whom the wife delivered the information requested by her husband , when the following dialogue commenced : — Landlord—What is your husband , & Whig or Tory ? Wife—I don't know the meaning ef either one or the other . Landlord—If you cannot tell me what bis politics are , can you tell me woo he would nave voted for , had he hod a vote at the late election ? Wife—Yes , Sir , Mr . Thompson .
Landlord—Mr . Thompson ! why , then , your husband is a downright Radical ; he shall not live in this house any longer than the end of the month : then taking a pen and ink , he wrote the following notice : — Mr . George Rogers , —Sir , I hereby give you notice to quit , and deliver up possession of the house you now hold of me , No . 109 , Heath-street , Commercial Road , on or before the 24 th of August , 1841 . Wm . S . Francis , Landlord . Dated the 26 th of July , 1841 . Wow , this Mr . S . Francis Is a broker , residing in Ratcliff Highway ; and , in future , I hope every Radical
of the Tower Hamlets will shun him and bis shop as they would the devil and hell . No doubt , this Mr . Francis calls himself an honest , upright , and honourable man . Now , I think , it requires no logic of mine to prove that he must be a downright blackguard * or otherwise he would not be guilty of such a base aud tyrannical action . This , with ten thousand similar instances , shows the fallacy of the ballot without Universal Suffrage , ( as in a limited constituency the political opinions of householders would be known ) , and landlords in general would act a similar trick , especially when their tenant ' s opinions would be in direct opposition to that of their own .
In conclusion , I must say , that no man can be an honest man , to deny his fellow-man the exercise of that to which the laws of his country entitle him , and the principles of justice demands of him .
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Mr . Hall—No . She does not pretend tobe an inhabitant of fine p&ri&b : but , nevertheless , the parish ought to relieve casual paupers under euch distressing circumstances . The prisoner was a poor girl , found destitute in the streets . She had behaved with no impropriety , and she was very properly conveyed to the workhouse ; but they refused to tako her in , or relieve her . I want to know who gave such on order , and who authorised the persons at the workhouse to act in such a manner , because it ia very discreditable , and ought to be made known to the public . The person who attended for the overseer stated , that he would go to the workhouse and mention to the proper authority what the magistrate bad said . Upon this the individual left the court , and in the course of an hour ' s time , the overseer came to the court , and Mr . Hall ordered the officer who took the girl into custody to place her again &t the bar .
The magistrate then explained to the overseer the nature of the case , and stated that tbe young woman was a poor servant girl who had left her situation , and having no friend in London , and being quite' destitute , was compelled to wander about the streets in tbe night time . Notwithstanding such distressing circumstances she was refused admittance into the workhouse . He ( Mr . Hall ) now wished to know if there was any order against the relief of casual paupers . The overseer said that the person to whom the officer had applied could not have given the girl relief , but if he had been there be would have admitted her . He thought the inspector was to blame in not sending to him instead of applying to the person at the workhouse . Mr . Hall asked if the person at the workhouse was not allowed to exercise some discretion , and if he was always obliged to communicate with the overseer before n pauper could be admitted .
Overseer—In cases of complete destitution we take tbe applicants in . Mr . Hall—Well , this young woman is entirely destitute . Overseer—I do not know about this case ; nor do I even know the name of the girl yet Mr . Hall then stated that her name was Emma Watson , and that she had come from Hertfordshire . It was stated that she had lately been in the service of Colonel Daniels , in Camden Town , but had left her situation about a fortnight ago , and having no friends or relations in town , and having spent all her money , she was now quite destitute . The result of the inquiry was that Mr . Hall , after expressing his sympathy for the condition of the girl , advised the overseer to admit ber into the workhouse , according to the rules and regulations laid dowu in such cases . The Overseer promised to obey the instruction of the magistrate , and the parties left the court
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TO THE QUALIFIED BRICKS AND MORTAR
OF THE UNITED QUEENDOM . Mr . Bricks , —I scarcely feel satisfied , as a worm of the earth , that you should take upon yourself ao much , and so far exclude me from a supply of the materials out of which you , through my excavations and labour , are permitted to exist Know ye not , that were not the worms to refine the earth ami purify the soil , by a process which you yourself could not perform—the ingredients out of which your qualification arises , wonld bo far cense to exist , tbat the laud would become poor , impure , useless , and void . Sho >? me a yard of land impurifled by the labour of the worma , and I will bhow you apiece of poorer soil .
I asswre you , Mr . Bricks , your qualification , without the worms refining , is dead and useless . Bricks cannot be made without labour , nor can you make them without ciay . Worms can live by use of the soil , but extract the worms aud the bricks will fall into dust Tlie wind of the North will scatter ita substance—that your bard-dried stripped extractions will become useless , void , and null , while the bare substantial upon which you now stand , will become rather weak and insecure . I feel confident , tbat should you still go on in the power of your ignorance , the worms you so much labour to extinguish , will prey npon ' yonr vital powers , and you , through weakness , will fall a prey to their devouring appetite , «' e . the extinguishing of class-monopoly .
Mr . Mortar , the materials out of which you form a subsistence , is nothing more than a compound of maladministration ; that which Ihe worms reject , you accept , and by so doing you become more and more tbe companions of the worms you sneeringly persecute , imprison , and kill . The worms are too wise to partake of poison ; therefore , however sweet the surface of the soil may be made , without the fruit the worms will not devour poison . Worms are ef the earth earthy , and can without yon live ; whereas you , without their labour , would not be able to BUbsist .
The worms are a living class of excavators—purifiers , cleansers , and remodellers of imperfections upon the earth ; and without the living , all things would be useless . If you will destroy your own strength , power , and substance , destroy the worms , the poor , rejected , despised , persecuted , and imprisoned worms , and you yourselves will quickly become a mass of corruptible matter , obnoxious to the eye , detestable to the taste , and despicable to the presence of all creeping worms ; therefore , ag a worm I cry , suffer me to live , that I may yet fulfil that command given by God , " Be fruitful , multiply , and replenish tbe earth . " And by so doing , you will ever find me A Useful Worm .
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Release of a Victim . —Thomas Drake , of Thornton , a poor old veteran in the Bradford troop , has been discharged from Beverley 'hell' before the expiration of his term of imprisonment . His friends intended to welcome his return by a dinner , instead of which it has been wisely considered to present him with a subscription , which we hope will be such as to do honour to all concerned . Poor Duffy , the Whig victim , who was last week lying so dangerously ill in Leeds , is somewhat recovered , although still confined to his bed . Mr . Hick has received the following subscription ? , which have been handed over to the proper quarter : — s . d . Mr . Josh . Hobson , Leeds ... 10 0 A Friend ditto ... 0 3 Mr . Stocks ditto ... 0 6 Mr . George Myers , ditto ... 0 3 Mr . Bleasby ditto ... 0 6
11 6 It is but fair to etate that many of our excellent Chartist friends have paid their personal respects to the injured invalid , and have contributed to his necessities . We hope this will continue . A Monster . —A miscreant , residing at Hanwell , Middlesex , named John Cavel , a master carpenter , was on Friday , finally examined before the Rev . Dr . Waimesley , and other magistrates , on a charge of having repeatedly violated his own daughter , a child seven years of age . A surgeon , who was present , proved the completion of the crime , and the monster was committed to Newgate for trial . The particulars are of too horrible and disgusting a nature to be published .
Alliteration Extraordinary . —The eighteenth letter of our alphabet , R , is the initial of Russell , the champion of Reform and Retrenchment , who Rode Rampant into power , aided by Revolutionary Rhetoric , Riots , Romage , aud Rebellious Rows , Reducing Bristol and Nottingham to Rums . This Ravenous Rabble Ravaged , with Ruthless Rapacity , the houseBof the Refractory Tories and Radicals , — committing Robbery and Rapine . Russell is now a Railer against Reform—a Relentless , Remorseless , Revengeful Renegade—a Recusant ; Reprobating Reformers and Repudiating all further Reform—Refusing to Redress the grievances of 1 , 300 , 000 Chartists , whom he designates a Rabblement , and Rancourously , Roguishly , and Rigourously , Reproaches them as Revolutionists . The Rational Radicals Ridicule his Ricketty , Rambling Rattleheaded policy , and look upon him as a Recanting , Raving , Retracting , Rambling , Rancid , Ranting , Raacalion , and a Runagate member of the Rump .
Brighton , July 26 . ^—Yesterday , on the arrival of the p&bsengers by the first railroad coaches , a report was spread that a shocking accident had occurred to one of the red vans ( Pocock ' s ) , from London , and it was said that the driver and guard were almost killed , and the passengers , three or four of whom came on by the railroad train , much injured . It appears that the van , which is the only night convoyauce to Brighton , left at the usual time , laden with about sevea tons of luggage and eight passengers . On proceeding down Reigate-hiU , the skid was put upon the wheels , when the ran , which was groaning under the immense weight , broke down , crushing the wheels , and falling on one side . The driver and guard saved themselves by jumping
off , but met with several severe injuries . The passengers , inside and out , were dreadfully injared by theTieayy boxe 8 , &x > , in which they were literally buried . On extricating them , one , an elderly gentleman residing at Reigate , and who had adopted the conveyance to get home the same night , was at first thought to have been killed on the spot , but was found only to have been stunned . Another had his head cut and braised ; a third the calf of his leg extensively injared ; ia fact , none escaped Without severe injuriea . The gentleman who lived at Reigate , after he had recovered , very kindly offered his house for the accommodation of his fellow
passen-I ^ ers , and took charge of a young man who was seriously ill , and who was proceeding to Brighton for a change of air . As soon as the passengers were released from their perilous situation , assistance was procured , and as it was impossible to move the vehicle , it was necessary to di ^ ou t under the lamp , which it was feared would set it ou fire . Vans were forwarded in the coarse of the day to bring the luggage to Brighton , amongst which were two tons of salmon , the non-arrival of which spoiled tho dinner of numbers of individuals . It is rather singular that another of the red vans broke down at the same place the previous nig'it .
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A Foot . —The National states that as a lad » ni Rouen was walking on the boulevards of that cit tvro or three days ago , an elegantly-dressed ycnni maa , who had been noticing her for some time witH very tender looks , suddenly slipped a letter into hi hand , exclaiming— ' * Madame , lean resist no longed accept this letter , or I die . " The lady was at fit * frightened , but , recovering herself ; tore np the lefif ! without reading it . Upon this the young man kri-u at her feet , and , takiug out a pistol , said— " T ^ l this weapon , madame , and destroy my life with i * for it wonld be a burden to me which you have rtn dered insupportable . I cannot live without \^' love . " A person who was passing by knocked \ h > pistol out of the hand of the prostrate lover , and 1 * . moved the lady , who was much affected , into * neighbouring house , leaving the young madman stilt on his knees in the middle of the boulevards .
Truth by Mistake . —The present king of Prassii is accustomed to walk out in the plain dress of t private gentleman , and . in reference te this habit th « Dorf Zeitung relates an amusing anecdote . a 8 £ Majesty was strolling about in the nei ghbourhood of Sans Sonci , he met a woman scolding aud boatin » aa ass , yoked in a milk cart ; the donkey was o £ stinate , and showed no disposition to move . % . king asked her why she put herself in such a pa «! siou i " O , Sir , I must make haste with my nX and this stupid animal stands still here , in ¦ " spiUrf all I can say to him . If I am not in time with my aj ] u at Potsdam I shall be ruined . Bat I know L whim . If I had any body to take hold of him u the ear while I beat him behind , he would then 1 The seized the firml
on . ' king ass y by the ear , » ni tho milk woman applied the lash unsparingly to h ™ rump . The donkey , getting into a trot , proceeded on his way withont further urging , and the w ™ woman dismissed her unknown assistant with 1 thousand thanks . When the king returned from his walk , he gave the Queen an account of the service he had performed . Her Majesty appeared to have some scruples about the decorum of such ad * ventures on tho part of her royal consort with mi Ik women , and she Baid , "Dear Fritz , dohjf ^ of this sort might do very well for a Cro « "u Pniica but it is quite a different thing fer a king . " ' 0 ' my dear , " interrupted the monarch , "it is not ' akg out of thn way . I assure you that my father has helped forward many an ass in his time . "
Murder ax Exeter . — The body of a young . gentleman named Bennett , was on Saturday l ^ taken out of the river Kxe , close to the City . J } 6 was missing during the day , and from its being knowu that he had been in the neighbourhood of the spot where he was found , a search was immediatel y instituted , and at half-past five the body was is . hu up . His watch and money were gone , and from the appearance of his head he evidently had received some tremendous blows . The bridge of the nosa was broken , both eyes were blackened , the forehrad was bruised above the right eye , and the lips were bruised and cut by being pressed against the teeiii with violence . A Coroner ' s Inquest was fixed for Monday , but the Coroner decided on holding the inquiry with closed doors . A man is in custody who , ft is rumoured , committed the offence ; and % woman of ill fame is said to have confessed having seen the murder committed .
23attfuntpt& Src.
23 attfuntpt& Src .
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From the London Gazette of Friday , July 23 , BANKBCPTS . William Newton and John Newton , Itfacclegfield , Bilk -throwsters , to surrender August 3 , at one , Sep ! tember 3 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basing . hall-street . Solicitors , Messrs . Qrowder and Maynard , Mansion House Place ; official assignee , Mr . PeriuelL William Butterwerth , Peckbam , corn-merchant , August 3 , September 3 , at half-past eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-streek . Solicitor * , Messrs . Rhodes . Beevor , and Lane , Chancerj ^ lane ; official assignee , Mr . Cannan , Finsbury-square . Joshua Butterworth , Bermondsey , leather-factor , Angust 3 , at twelve , September 3 , at eleven , at tbe Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street . Solicitor ! , Messrs . Rhodes , Beevor , and "Lane , Chancery-lane official assignee , Mr . Cannan , Finsbury-gquara ' .
Thomas Lingham , Cross-lane , St . Mary-at-Hill / wine . merchant , July 30 , at half-past twelve , Septembers , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghali-street . official assignee , Mr . Graham , Basinghall-street . John Fox , Minories , tailor , July 30 , September 3 , si twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghalt-street SoliQitor , Mr , Biggenden , Walbroob ; official asgignety Mr . Turquand , Copthftll-buildings . John Morris , Earl ' s-court , Leicester-square ,, onrkeeper , August 4 , at twelve , September 3 , at eleven , tt the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street . Solicitor , Mr , Smith , Barnard ' s Inn ; official assignee , Mr . Graham , Basinghall-street . Charles Strutton , Nine Elms , Surrey , timber-maf chaut , August 3 , at one , September 3 , at two , atthft Court , of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street . Solicitors , Messrs . Newbon and Evans , Wardrobe-place , Doctors ' Commons ; official assignee , Mr . Turquand , CopUall . buildiugs .
George Baldry , jun ., Ipswich , innkeeper , July 31 , September 3 , at twelve , at the Angel Inn , Bury St . Edmund ' s . Solicitors , Messrs . Wayman and Green Bury St . Edmund ' s ; and Messrs . Walter and Pembeiton , Symond ' s Inn , Chancery-lane . Henry Cunliffe , Green Hawarth , Lancashire , shop . keeper , August 14 , at ten , September 3 , at eleven , it the Town Hall , Preston . Solicitors , Messrs . Wiglaworth , Ridsdale , and Craddock , Gray ' s Inn ; and Uu Robinson , or Messrs . Wilkinson and Keuyon , Blackburn , Lancashire . . Benjamin Colaman , Liverpool , stockbroker , Anjnrt 6 , September 3 , at one , at tho Clarendon Rbomi , Liverpool . Solicitors , Mr . Cross , Liverpool ; ind Messrs . Vincent and Sherwood , King ' s Bench-will , Inner Temple . ' v ¦"
John Green and William Green , Wetherby , Yorkshire , timber-merchants , August 6 , September 3 , it eleven , at the Guildhall , York . Solicitors , Uesstt Johnson , Son , and Weatberall , King ' s BeflCh-iratt ) Temple ; and Mr . Leeman , York . Richard Westhead , Waterloo , Lancashire , victualler , August 5 , September 3 , at twelve , at the Clarendon Rooms , Liverpool . Solicitors , Messrs . Holme , £ ufo « , and Young , New Inn , London ; and Mr . Yates , jua Lirerpoel .
. DISSOLUTIONS OF PARTNERSHIP . A ' . G . Robinson and H . W . Blackburn , Bradferd , woolstaplers . A . Henry , W . F . Scholfleld , W . R Johnson , H . Todd , and W . Firth , Leeds , general commission agents ; so far as regards H . Todd . J . Stanilsnd and A . Staniland , Kingston-upon-Hull , shipbrokeM . R . Johnston and A . L . Saul , Manchester , rtockbrokem IS . Dierden and E . Dierden , Newton-in-the-WiHowi , Lancashire , grocers . W . Hudson and J . B . Hudson , Manchester , calico-manufacturers . W . S . Birch and H . Birch , Salford , Lancashire , grocers . J . Milne , J . Travis , sen ., J . Milne , J . Milne , jun ., J . Travis , juru , G . Travis , B . Travis , E . Travis , and J . Hoyle , Oldhun , cotton-spinners ; so far as regards J . Hoyle . D . . Drake and W . W . Glover , Wakefield , tobacco-minufacfnieri
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From the Gazette of Tuesday , July 27 . BANKRUPTS . Mary Wardall , lodging-house keeper , Carey-street , Lincoln ' s-inn , to surrender , August 3 , at half-past one , and September 7 , at eleven , at the Court of Bank * ruptcy , Basinghall-street . Graham official assignee , Basiughall-street ; Webb ; Carey-street , Lincoln ' s-inn . George Stanley , bituminous pavement manufacturer , Southampton , August 4 , at half-past ten , and Septembe l 7 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Turjaand , Coptb&ll-buildinga , official assignee ; Lambert , Raymond buildings , Gray ' s-inn . ¦ ¦ •¦ - ¦¦¦< - Jonas Bradley , iron-merchant , Hudderefleld , To * Bhire , August 10 , at one , aud September 7 , at e leven , at the Court-house , Bradford , Yorkshire . Walter and Pemberton , Symond ' s-inn , London ; Tolsou , Bradford . ¦
William Haskayne , ship-chandler , Liverpool , Aognrt 14 , and September 7 , at one , at the Clarendon-rooma , Liverpool . Leigh , George-street , Mansion-house , London ; Leather , Liverpool . Thomas Porter , egg-merchant , Liverpool , August H > and September 7 , at two , at the Clarendon-rooms , 1 > verpooL Cornthwaite , Dean ' a-cour t , Doctor ' s-com * mons , London ; Cornthwaite , Liverpool . James Woods , horse-dealer , Roundhill , Lancashi » f August t and September 7 , at eleven , at the Swan Inn . Bolton-le-Moors . Cragg , Harpur-Btreet , Red lion * square , London ; Robinson , Blackburn . James Patterson , Warehouseman , Cateaton-street , London , August 3 , atone , and September 7 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . WbJtmore , official assignee , Basinghall-atreet ; Simpson and Cobb , Au stinfriars .
Benjamin Sarson , iron-master , Birmingham , August s and September 7 , attwo , at the Waterloo-rooms . B ^ mingham . Cbaplin , Gnj ' a Inn-square , Lo uOTJ Richards , Birmingham . John Lloyd and William Lloyd , cabinet-maker * Athenrtone , Warwickshire , August 18 , at two , at the Red Lion Inn , Atherstone , and September 7 , at twelre , at the Newdigate Arms , Nuneaton , Warwick shlre-Hawklns , Bloxham , and Stocker , New BosiW 1-eowti Carey-atteet , London ; Power and Pilgrim , Ather stone . John Heap , jun ., merchant , Manchester , August 1 »» at ten , and September 7 , at three , at the Comnus sloners ' -rooms , Manchester . MaWnson and Sanders , Elm-eourt , Middle-temple , London ; Atkinson ana Saunden , Manchester .
John Gratrix , machine-maker , Frerton , August 17 , at two , and September 7 , at eleven , at the Town * hall , Preston . Maybew , Jo&nston , and M » 7 * *> Carey-street , Liocoln ' s-inn , London ; Backhur st an " Son , Preston . William White and Thomas Broad , wine ana brandy mercliant , Newport , Isle of Wight , Angost 9 . and September 7 , at twelve , at the Bugl * I 00 ' Newport . Dimmock , Sise-lane , Busklenbury , London j Allen . Newport .
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BOW-STREET . Emma Watson was placed at the bar on a charge of destitution . It appeared that she had been taken into custody by a police-officer , who , having sejn her leaning against a doorway in King-streek , Westminster , thought she was a prostitute , and under that impression desired her to walk on . . It was then about one o ' clock in the morning , and the woman , in reply to the policeman , said that she was friendless ; that she had no where to go , and was completely destitute . She was thereupon taken to the station-house , and the inspector , after inquiring more particularly into the circumstances of her case , sent an officer with her to St . Margaret ' s workhouse . On arriving there , however , the officers attached to the workhouse actually refused to admit the peor girl , and the person whom the policeman saw said , " We don't take in poor people at mxQh late hours , and you know it "
Mr . Hall thought it Tery extraordinary that the officers of tit . Margaret ' s worlihoufle should act in this way , and sent a messenger to request the relieving officer to come to the court . Some time afterwards an officer belonging te the workhouse attended before the magistrate , and said that he had been sent by the relieving officer ( who waa then engaged in giving relief to paupers ) to ascertain what information Mr . Hall required . Mr . Hall inquired how the paupers obtained admission to the workhouse ? The person who attended for the parish said it was the business of the overseers and Mr . Elliot , the master of the workhouse , to admit them . Mr . Hall asked if . there were any orders or instructions against tne admission of casual paupers found destitute during the night , or if there was any order that poor persons should be refused relief at night when they appeared in a state of destitution ?
The officer did not know the instructions given , but be said he would ask the overseer that question . Mr . Hall remarked that a person who could answer such a question ought to have given his attendance in the court , if there were any such orders or instructions they wero of a most scandalous nature . If there were not , the person who refused to assist destitute people was a heartless individual , and had no authority to act in such a manner . The officer asked if the woman belonged to the in Question ?
Untitled Article
a THE NORTHERN STAR .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 31, 1841, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct560/page/6/
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