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agricultural €olumtL
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MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
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2TvatJfiS J 3JEH>&*ineniieL
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fctanftrupite, #r.
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THE ISTLTTEXCE OF DEMOCRACY . A TJnr papers on the political , economical , and moral aspects of the a £ t , may probably neither be unacceptable to the readers of the Star , nor nninstnietiTe in themselres . Thej ¦ wiB ai least possess the utility of the mile-stonesho w tow much of the journey towards genuine popnlar xosnamons ias been accomplished—onr present irhereaboQt , and distance from the goal . Besides , die advantage of casting an occasional glance over the whole field of action , —an advantage similar to - that possessed bj the General , who is constantly receiving
intelligence from aB parts of tfceT > art ] e-Seld , andis therefore better able to draw correct inferences as to probable results , than the private or subaltern fixed in one position , and Trith the -whole attention concentrated on one spot , —it is highly interesting to watch the different phases of the popular nnnd , at different periods . If the inference can be fairly drawn , that every one of these phases has been of a progressive , rather than a retrogressive character , —{ he wave of the advancing , not the ebbing tida , —it will impart fresh courage and hopefulness to those who are strszslim : ic > r man ' s taaancipanoa .
Thai sneh has been the character of the Past appears to as ineontestlMe . " If we compare the popnlar mind of the yre ^ vnt day , with that of twenty or thirty years azo , thev prc-ifsi 5-carcely any points of resemblance . Periap ? the iasnniaons by which the fathers of the present generation were oppressed are not yet materially altered in essence or in operation ; but their supporters use different nrgi 3 neiK ~ - act more deferentially towards jinblic Opinion , and . in apj ^ aranee st least , pav homage tu that sovereignly of ihe people whichis the essential principle of democracy . This outward recognition is a very fair prelude to the universal embodiment of that principle in actual instimtioiis .
The rampant Toryism of former days has utterly passed away . It is dtad and bnried—we hope and believe withoni * ny chance of a resTirrection . If a few solitary specimens of this almost extinct species yet , ghost-like , " revisit the pale glimpses of the moon , " they are as -unsubstantial and powerless as ghosts , and can only frighten women and Children . "TorNG Euglasd" laughs in its lusty strength at the shadow . Perhaps , before the race is completely estingtusEed , it would be well to catch and preserve a specimen or two in the British Museum .
"Where are now to T > e found open and avow * -d dirfenders c £ ibe -doctrines © i this once powerful parry , based , as-all its doctrines were , upon the assumption that " the man y -trere made for the few r ~ The " divine fight" governing wrong , inherent in the aristocracy ; the prohibition of thought or education among the masses ; and the easy offhand avowal of "the opinion that their destiny and durv trere like that of the coach-horse , —to work hard , eat ix-ell , and be comfortably stabled , —now , never outrage the public ear or brave the light of day . Thanks to the intrepid Reformers , whose long and persevering labours , whose heroic endurance of obloquv ,
persecution , imprisonment , and -even death , ultimately overcame this foe to human liberty and happiness ! To them "ne owe that political education of the people , which , begun by Cartwright , cont inued by Cobbett and Hunt , and carried On by O'Connor , V . ns made its resuscitation an impossibility . Even -we—Torso Esgllxd—can recall the time when for a working man to have presumed to address a public meeting , would have been deemed the riiTnat of audacity . SnmdeEt fur Tirm iras the ielirity of bein ? permitted to attend at all . and listen to the wisdom of twaddling squires or the more delectable oratorv of an " honourable
member" or - "nuble lord . " "We have altered all that . The local associations , and frequent public meetings of the working classes , have been to them Xormal School ? , ia which they have learned to givt utterance tothe thoughts induced by their position in the social scale . From their j too , they have carried u > their workshops and their humble firesides truths of high import for discussion and reflection . Thought has ripened into action—and action , too . of a bold and aspiring description . The result is . that Chartism—or , in other words , the Haim of the -whole people to govern themselves—is now , in one shape or another , tie political creed of the age .
Are "we asked for proofs ox tbU statement ? We replv in the memorable words on the monument of "Wren in St . Paul ' s—"" Look around ' . " In every direction the potency of public opinion is recognised ' . Every party in politics—everj sect in religion , pays homage at it » shrine . Certain manufacturers and merchants want " eitendrd markers- ** for their commodities ; what course do they take to obtain their object ! They appeal to the public . All t 5 ie Tnacnn 2 € ry of agitarion is organised oxid sc-t in m «* tioTi _ Tons of tracts : tens < ji thousands of newspapers , are diftnbuted . advocating , explaining , and enforcing the rirht , duty , and benefit of sending more calico , flannel , and
broadcloth to other lands , and receiving from them corner other equivalents in return ; " active , unscmpTiloiis . gab-ienpird lecturers traverse the length and breadth of thf land , everywhere proelaiminsr , Illustrating , and arguing the same doctrine : what is this but a virtual acknowledgment of the sovereign right of the people to determine fa all such matters '—an appeal from the sectional and partisan tribunal of 5 t _ Stephen * s To tlie XiTios ?—and mfereiitiijly ac indication that ere long , that assembly Trill Cea ? e to be an instrument for registering the edict * of Go-Tcmment or the aristocracy , and become a true reflei of the publir mind—an efficient agent for carrying out its behests
1 ^ iowever , the fact that pDpular influences are more operatic among the middle and mercantile classes than the aristocratic , be thought to weaken this illustration , let us take another . The Middle Class league puts the "Hjfpz * classed in * -bodil y fear" for the prestrration oi their prrrileees . and the laws by which they are secured . TThat measures do they adopt ? Alas' theldgh prerogative days of aristocratic ascendancy have gone , never to return : The strong hand of authority is palsied ; gagging
Acts art obsolete : prisons are odious and more dangerous to the prosfcnior than , the captive . How then is the turret ! Cf middle-c ^ ss Free Tradism to be stemmed ? 3 Thy , b % & * so appealing to the people , and making them the arbiter of the disj . tne . Beuce the prondest , the wealthiest , xhe UK-SI po-w-rfd arist&L-racy the -world evtr saw , forms *" Proiectiua Societies ; " " speaks with bated breath and Trbispering Lumbleness ; " prints tracts and newspapers ; and seeds forth its lecmrers ^ also , to explain its case , and enrr eat a favourable verdici from the people .
It - » yyald be easy to multiply examples of the STOwir . j * 2 nd already predominant influence of this new element : but we shall content ourselves with one more . Sir Eobtrt Perl ' s Government is eminently the servant of the popular wilL If t > u- a > tutr and cautious Premier has any filed principle of action whatever , it is that of watching the fluctuation ? End the growth of opinion on national qu- _ - > - tion >; aad when lie thinks it sufiiciently matured and Strong on any p-jinz , to obey is bidding . Inconsistent-, } has beefi rlianrt-d asainst him : it is his consistc-ncv in this
Tcspect wmch has caused it . This made him ]> rv ]> ose and carry Catholic Emancipation , , after having opposed it . Tbi * pr >> dnced Ms modint-d application of the principle of Prer Trade , in the measures which signalised the comnience n : ent of his present lease of oiSee . This be avows is t » be the rule of his conduct in furore . " I will only defend a law ur an instirutioij to-day , " says the Right Hun . Baronet , - because it appears to me the best we can havt to-day ; to-morrow the orcomsta-nces may alter , and theii , Of conr ? e- I will change i » ith tbt-m . ™
The immense progress towards perfect political free-&ozn i ? . iaow ^ -T-er , not alone to l » e traced in tiie direction now indicated . Ii is not enoosrh to know that popular opinion has become the arbiter by which all questions are to be decided . "We must also ascertain to what degree it is competent so to decide . P « rrhaps the existence of the power 10 do so is a proof of the pre-eiistence of its itness . Se iW « l as it may , there «* a-n be no doubt but that higher and more comprehensive views of the right * and duties of citizenship iban -svere formerly entertained , have been sown broad cast , and taken deep root . Axioms
m politics , which were at no distant date branded with infamy and popular disapprobation , or prosecuted by the state lawyers as seditious , axe now the universally recognized common-places of out political text-books . With the desire to attain power , there has grown up an equally strong desire to learn bow to exercise that power rightly . If , as yet , the paucity of means for gratifying this desire , causes tbe educative process to be somewhat behind the actual influence gained , there is the consolation of inowing that it exists . According to the old adage , c where there is a wi 3 there is a way . " Growing power wiD multiplv educational facilities .
A forcible UJusiration of the progress which all political parties have made in the acquisition of sound political knowledge , may be found in the altered , and , in our opinion , improved positions now taken up by each of tbem . Toryism—rigid , unbending , exdusire Toryismias , as we bare seen , lapsed into accommodating , yielding Conservatism . "STbiggery , another of the illustrious de-* mct , has giren place to its more rigorous and youthful sticcessor , the League ; or , perhaps better , mil have for
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its future leaders such men as Lord Howick , and , as a consequence , eschew the selfishness and cold-blooded cruelty engendered by Malthusian philosophy . Even Chartism has gone beyond its original demands . It asks , no less resolutely than before , for admission within the pale of the Constitution for the masses : but it has added to this , the study of other elements of national happiness , and , with proper guidance and a due amount of perseTeranee , it will succeed in gaining votes , and a " stake in the hedge ' ' at the same time . The Small Farm system may be made the most powerful lever for throwing down all ihat impedes the path of substantial political reform , ever put into the hands of an oppressed and suffering people .
. To those who ask what good comes out of popular agitations , we commend the perusal of these cursory remarks . They will find them a reply to the sneers and the obloquy which are so liberally bestowed on all movements while they are in advance of popular feeling . They also supply to all engaged in forwarding the public welfare that encouragement , which is so often needed in their arduous task . Past success guarantees future triumphs . Tpon the now generally recognised sovereignty of the people—that foundation-stone of Democracy—do we rest our anticipations of hapj » ier days for coming generations . That principle constitutes a basis broad enough for any superstructure that may hereafter be raised upon it . Its admission is an essential preliminary to the task of reconstruction : and that is the work which now falls to the lot of Young Englasd .
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Chemistht asd Vegetable Phtsiologt . —No . I . — Fastsaceoits Seeds . — (/ Vo ? b the Western Agriculturist . ) —Every seed is composed of two parts , the skin or outer covering and the kernel ; "with the former we iave comparatively little to do , it bt the structure of the latter that has the chief claims on our attention . This consists of the embryo , or germ of the future plant , the seed , leaves ( cotyledons ) , and -nutrient matter for the embryo ( albumen , ) either existing as a separate body , or contained in the cotyledons . This albumen is either of an oily , farinaceous , or horny consistency , is always wholesome , and "It is it which renders many seeds , such as corn , < fcc ., so valuable as human food . When a plant can be propasated by buds , as in the case of the potato , we find
around the bud a similar stock of nutrient matter deposited , to serve for the nourishment of ihe growing bud , as the albumen does for that of the germ or embryo . At the present we shall confine our remarks to seeds , having farinaceous albumen , such as the different varieties of corn . If we take a portion of this albumen , as wheat flour , and wash it on a piece of cloth wkh-vrater , it is separated into two parts—a white powder removed by the water , known as starch , and viscid matter left on the cloth , to which the name of gluten has been applied . These two bodies differ from one another in composition , as much as thev do in appearance ; the one ( starch j is composed of carbon , oxygen , and hydrogen , while the other ( gluten ) contains in addition nitrosren . Before these substances
can nourish the young plant , they undergo changes in composition , whieh may be best studied , if we examine them as they occur during the germination of the seed . When we commit a seed to the ground under favourable circumstances , the root and future stem begin to be developed . At this period a small portion of a substance called diastase is produced in the seed , which , by its action on the starch , converts it into sugar , rendering it thus soluble , in water , and fitted for absorption by the vessels of the young plant . It is in taking advantage of this change in the composition of the seed , that the art of a maltster consists . Sugar is found in the unripened grain , and were we able to preserve it in this state , it would furnish a reaJv ~ upplv to the plant ; and hence , we find that
seed not allowed to become dead ripe , germinates more rapidly than when the ripening process is allowed to ot on so far as to convert the whole of the sugar into auuvii . When the eitremity of the voung plant becomes tipped with green , it converts this sugar into woody fibre , of which " the stem of the perfect plant chiefly consists ; and this change from sugar to fibre is effected by the plant adding to the sugar a quantity of carbon , which it derives from the air ; the difference of composition between sugar and fibre being -50 lb . carbon , with 72 lb . water , form su-rar . Do . 51 ) . . fibre . It is important to remark here , that other substances besides diastase have the power of rendering starch liquid , and producing the changes which it
effectsalkalies , for instance , have this power , and by adding them , or substances containing nitrogen , to our seedbeds , we may be able to assist the efforts of nature , and perhaps obtain a greater produce from the seed . Such additions in the form of solutions for steeping seeds , hare Ion" been used by gardeners , especially for very old seeds , to assist their germinating power . And lime applied to seeds containing much starch , lias been decideNily beneficial ; for even m some cases when the seed has " been fusty , and produced , without any application , unhealthy , plants , the addition of lime has caused a healthy braird . Practical men , too , have observed that by steeping their s * ed corn in urine , solutions of salt , it ., and sprinkling quick lime on them , when wet , smut , rust , 4 c , have l > een
prevented ; and also thax when potato s-ets have been dusted with lime or powdered gypsum , better crops have resulted- But lately more astonishing resultsare stated to have been produced by steeps , and it has been asserted that if proper substances be employed , the use of other manures is completely superseded ; and we have been told that doctored seeds will produce as abundant crops on our sandy shores , as in the richest ground . At the meeting of the Highland Soeietvat Dundee , in 1843 , a gentleman exhi bited several iuxuriant specimens of wheat , oats . < tc ., grown in a soil not manured for at least eleven years , which luxuriance appeared to him to be owing to the action of the steeps . The salts employed were , nitrate of soda , sulphate , nitrate and muriate of ammonia , &c . These experiments he
repeated Trith perfect success , finding that not only -was the growth more luxuriant , but that the steeped seeds tillered into 9 , 10 , or 11 stems , while the unprepared ones produced only 2 , 3 , or 4 . Experiments have been made in the London Horticultural Soeietv ' s Gardens on grains and Jegmnipous seeds , steeped in solutions of nitrate of soda , muriate of lime , sulphate of magnesia , muriate of ammonia , phosphate of ammonia , tc , and the result is reported that on wheat , barley , rye , and oats , link effect has been produced , but if anything , it appears to be rather injurious , especially on the wheat , and in the case of peas and beans , those steeped in water alone were decidedly the \> est . The results of experiments on these steep * by farmers in this neighbourhood , with scarcelv anv excepiion , are
in direct accordance with the above . This appears to settle this question . But if we do not place so much reliance on the steeps as the inventor does , perhaps under some circuinstanct-s they may be beneficial , and even with these results before us , the subject is worthy further investigation . Not confining the experiments to the action of s-olutions , but extending them to Victor ' s plan of mixing the seed with stimulating manures in the solid state , and causing them by means of c-lay to adhere to each individual seed . Though in this way we could i > ot expect to supply the seed with sufficient materials for perfecting the plant , yet in the one case it is an econoniu-al mode of applying manure , as it brines it in immediate contact with the roots :
for in all other modes , even when the manure is drilled in , much is removed from the crop It is intended immediately to feed ; and , in the oilier ease , if the ^ aliue materials of the « iil be small in quantity , or if the salts contained in the seeds l > e essential to its growth , the addition may be beneficial ; fur though thi- seed be able only to al « sorb a little , still that may add one half more to what it already contains ; and as we know that the saline matter in the same kind of seed varies in quantity , its absence may be the cause of feeble germinatioji , and the addition of the required salt , afforded by steeps , may increase the vigour of tLe crop . 1 have here alluded to three ways in which seed manuring mav be beneficial .
1 st . By adding substances to assist in the liquefaction of the starch , cither directly , or by assisting in the prod uction of diastase , 2 d . By bringing the manure in direct contract with the roots , and thus economising the amount required . 3 d . " By adding to the quantity or making up the deficiency of the saline matters in the seed and soils . I would therefore recommend such experiments to be repeated , carefully examining the quantity of inorganic matter in the set-d and soils , and observing whether , when undressed , the germinating power appears to the dependent at all on the proportion of this matter . It is needless to add , that the composition and proportions of the steep or manure must be known and stated , and that nil experiments or secret preparations of quack fertilizers are of no avail , and not vrorth the trouble vf recording ' . G . Atkix , M . D ., Agricultural Chemist .
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THE GREAT BRITAIN" STEAM SHIP . The first experimental trial of the engine of the steam-ship Great Britain took place on Wednesday last , in Cumberland Basin . The , screw made thirtysix revolutions , at about half speed . The trial was perfectly satisfactory . The Great Britain will leave the basin on the 11 th inst . She wil ] remain in King-road for a short tune , whence she will make a few experimental trips ; after which she will proceed to the Thames . A correspondent of the Mail gives the following description ot this vessel : —So many and contradictory have been the accounts of this steam-ship , that I determined to see and to form an opinion upon her mvself , before the final trial of this experiment , which , if successful , will commence a new era in naval architecture .
Built entirelv of iron , the contours presented to the eye are of the most exquisite grace—fine and beautifully rounded in her lines , with a gentle sheer , she sits upon the water like a racing gig , her immense length looking still greater from the absence of paddle-boxes , or anything to Tweak the beautiful
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curves of her sides . She is the first vessel 1 have seen built entirely of iron , the plates forming ; her sides being rounded in over her timber heads ( for want of a better name I must call them so ) without bulwarks , hammock netting , or any defence but an iron railing . ?\ or has she the regiment of masts which the engravingsrepresent her with—one large and heavily sparred foremast , and the low * wide funnel , alone creaking the sheer of her vast flush deck . There is , when seen in dock , a trifling drawback to her general appearance , in one large hawse-hole directly amidships , breaking the line of her stern , and giving her , in some degree , the look of a man whose nose has been in the wars .
I proceeded on deck . It is unfortunate that no guide is appointed to show the wonders of the enginerooms , for it was dreary to toil through the wilderness of polished iron , in one respect like the land of promise , for it literally was flowing with oil , with no kind soul to afford information : and if my description should be imperfect , or the dimensions incorrect , the first arises from want of comprehension , and the latter from the vague information I was at the time able to procure . Directly across ( athwart the sailors call it ) the
midship of the vessel , and occupying the greater part of that section , is a large wheel , eighteen feet six inches in diameter , and supported by a strong framing , and this is put in motion by a crank axis , passing fore and aft , and driven at each end by a pair of cylinders , making four in alL These are disposed in the form of the letter A , making their stroke obliquely inwards , and by a parallel motipn communicating directly with the cranks . The air pumps are placed between the legs of the A , and it will be seen that a most compact form of engine is thus obtained .
In the bottom of the hold , directly under the large wheel , is the main shaft , 130 feet in length and sixteen inches in diameter . This passes fore and aft , and out through a stuffing-box , in the run of the vessel , the end working in a bearing in the stern-post . Upon the shaft , directly under the large wheel , is a drum , six feet in diameter , and round this and the driving-wheel pass three endless chains , formed like the fusee chain of a- watch , which are received into grooves corresponding with their links , both upon the wheel and the drum , and thus communicate the power , the propeller-shaft making about three revolutions for each stroke of the engines . Outside the vessel , and about level with the load water line , but at present a foot or so out of the water , appears the propeller , formed with four vanes , like the sails of a windmill , but broader in proportion , and onlv six feet in diameter .
Never , in appearance at least , was a machine so inadequate to its end as this ; but unquestionably in planning this , in resulating its velocity by the power applied , and the resistance to be overcome , the same science has been called into action that first suggested the vast vessel , and boldly casting aside all existing prejudices , devised new types for its mighty machinery . In this slight and hasty sketch J have not attempted any account of her cabin accommodation , or the mere upholstery work of a passenger ship . In the first place , all this is still incomplete , and when finished may appear more convenient than it at present does ; nor did it possess , to me at least , any interest in comparison with the machinery of this bold and vast experiment to which I venture to wish all the success whieh its daring so well merits .
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Maxchesteb . —Public ALeetixo of Carpenters and Joixers . —A Public Meeting of the above body was held in the Carpenters' Hall , on the evening of Thursday , Dec . 5 , for the purpose of laying before the body the position of the strike . Mr . Levens was unanimously called tothe chair , who called upon Mr . Scott to read the accounts for the week , which were rerv favourable . Mr . Whittaker moved , "That auditors be appointed by this meeting to audit the accounts and report to the next general meeting . " Mr . Black seconded the resolution , which was agreed to unanimously . The three following gentlemen were then elected : —Messrs . Williams , Glencross , and Turner . Mr . Black moved the following resolution : " That it is the opinion of this meeting , that , in order to promote the union' of the Building Trades , it is expedient to give the "full management of the present strike into the hands ofthe Trades' Delegates . " Mr .
Mandall seconded the motion . Mr . Duglass moved an amendment to the resolution . After a lengthy discussion the original motion was carried by a large majority . ^ Ir . Whittaker , in a powerful speech , moved the following resolution : — "That we , the Carpenters and Joiners of Manchester and Salford , in general meeting assembled , consider that the correspondence between Messrs . Pauling and Co ., to the Carpenters and Joiners , through Messrs . Kelly , Gilmore , and Co ., has not had the due consideration of the different bodies of the Building Trades . We therefore respectfully request the delegates of the respective branches , to immediately call special meetings for the purpose of hiving the correspondence before them for tbeir consideration ; and that , after such meetings , a public meeting be called of all the branches of the Building Trades for their final decision . " The resolution was seconded bv Mr . John
Cannal . Mr . lliu-hinson moved , and Mr . Belliouse seconded , an amendment : —'" That there be no public meeting , but that each branch decide in their own special meetings , and send the same by their representatives to the Central Committee . " " After a protracted discussion the original resolution , with a slight addition , was carried by a large majority , and the meeting broke up . Dumfries . —The Wages Movement goes on briskly among the Dumfries Trades . In fact , it is the onl y one that ruffles a moral sea as stagnant as that which enthralled Coleridge ' s Awient Mariner . A short time ago , the Operative Boot and Shoemakers' Committee closed the shop of a person named John Shaw , who was at that time paying his men at a much lower rate than the other masters in town . After a brief struggle , Shaw succumbed to the moral influence brought to bear upon him , and signed an agreement , binding himself to take back his workmen on the same terms
as the other masters . In a week or two , notwithstanding , he declined employing the men , who , by their spirited conduct , had wrung the concession from him , and , as we understood , refused to fulfil the other part of his agreement . The shop was , therefore , again " blocked . " The Committee put a spirited notice and address into the hands of the printer , and the workmen in Shaw ' s employment made arrangcjneiits for seeking work in the neighbouring towns until this second dispute should be settled . All this was , however , before the bills had been issued , or the men left their native town , happily superseded by the middle-man again giving in . As might be expected , so happy a termination to their first struggle has greatly emboldened the gallant Cordwainers in their efforts to procure for the members of the gentle craft exercising their vocation in Dumfries " a fair day ' s wage fora fair day ' s work . "
Chelsea . — Di'scombe Testimonial . — A public meeting was held on Monday evening , Dec . 9 th , at the Cheshire Cheese Inn , Grosvenor-row , which was attended by a most crowded and respectable audience . Mr . Bushby was unanimously called to the chair . Mr . Clark moved the first resolution"That this meeting award their grateful thanks to Thomas Slingsby Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., for his valuable services in Parliament , more especially his strenuous and successful resistance to the infamous Masters and Servants Bill , and also his exposure of the infamous and atrocious Post-oHice spy system . " Mr . T . M . Wheeler seconded the resolution , whieh was unanimously adopted . Mr . John Dowling , in a neat and appropriate , speech , proposed the second
resolution— "That this meeting do most cordially asrree with the sentiments contained in the address of the Metropolitan Duncombe Testimonial Committee , and pledge itself to every exertion in furtherance of the grand object therein recommended , viz ., an imperishable testimonial to the working-man ' s champion and true friend , Thomas Slingsby Duncombe . " Mr . O'Connor , who was received with the most enthusiastic applause , seconded the resolution , and spoke at great length in support thereof . The resolution was carried unanimously . Mr . Lee moved , and Mr . Tubbs seconded , " That the following persons be a committee to receive subscriptions and earn- out the
objects of the meeting : —Messrs . Bushby , J . Dowling , L > ajm , Tubbs , T . Dann , Dixon , ' Lee ' , Dines , Clark , Soper , Maines , and Corbet . " Carried unanimously . Mr . Darlibar moved , and Mr . Dowling seconded , the following resolution , which was carried unanimously : — " That the thanks of this meeting are justly due , and are hereby given to the Northern Star , and the rest of the pxiblic press , which aided the throwing out of the iniquitous and tyrannical Masters and Servants Bill . " Mr . O'Connor moved a vote of thanks to the chairman , which was followed by three cheers for Duncombe and the Charter , and three for Mr . O'Connor . The meeting then separated .
North Staffordshire . —Mr . John Auty , miner , will deliver a lecture on "Monday , December 16 , 1844 , at seven o ' clock in the evening , in the Working-man ' s Hall , Longton , ! Xortu Staffordshire . All communications for John Auty must be addressed to the care of Mr . Henry Thomas , Peel-street , Burslem , North Staffordshire . Baesslet . —The weavers met again on Monday night , when Mr . J . Grimsliaw , who had been the chairman at the former meeting , opened the business by giving a detailed account of the interview which had taken place between the deputation and the employers . A deputation of five persons , in the employ of Mr . Tee , was then appointed to wait on their master , and the meeting adjourned till Wednesday night .
The Committee of the Duncombe Testimonial , meeting at the Black Swan , Brown's-lane , are called together for next Tuesday night , at eight p . m ., and it is requested all books out be brought in . ThbDescombe Testimonial Committee , formerly meeting at the Marquis of Granby , Ratcliff-tross , are called together for eight o ' clock next Tuesday evening , at the Black Swan , Brown ' s-lane ; all persons holding collecting books are requested to bring them in .
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Rochdale Factory Workers . —There seems to be a general move on the part of the factory workers in this town . There have been turn-outs of the hands at several of the mills , at some of whieh work has been resumed , the hands having gotten the advance asked for . The Next General Delegate Meeting of Lancashire Misers will be held on Monday next , December 16 th , at the house- of Mr . John Garforth , Old Mess House , Oldhami . Chair to be taken at eleven o clock in the forenoon . A public meeting will also be held on the same day , at which W . P . Roberts , Esq ., will be present . The levy , including General Conti - ioution and Law fund , is Is . 6 d . per member .
Errata . — Sir , be so good as to correct a few errors which appeared in last week ' s Star , in the article signed Wm . Dixon and Wm . Groeott . The word pan occurs twice , which should be ton . Instead of County Slecretories , it should be—Signed on behalf of the Miners of Lancashire , Wm . Dixox , Wm . Grocojt , County Secretary .
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Curious Humans . —A recent catalogue of a sale at the West-end of London coritains the following extraordinary announcements ] : — "Two ivory young ladies' work-boxes . A mahogany gentleman ' s dressing-case . A rosowood young lady ' s Canterbury , with a secret drawer . " ; A Wilp Boar Story . —The Erho • In Xirvrr of the 3 rd , gives an account of the killing of . a wild hoar at Fours , whieh had long been the terror of the country . He had entered the premises of a M . Schmid in open day , and when that gentleman came up he found
two of his five yard-dogs dead , the three others dying , and his gamekeeper lamed ; for life b y a dreadful wound inflicted in the Jeg byfthe tusks ofthe ferocious animal . M . Schmid fired his gun , which was loaded with ball , at the boar , ami wounded him sufficiently to prevent the animal from making an attack . He then . " rushed at him , and with his couteau de cJmste cut his throat . The animal weighed 1 : 30 kilogrammes , and in his hide were fourth ten bnUs , four of which had been fired at him long before , and six by M . Schmid and liis keeper on the dav of his death .
Tipperary . —It is stated that a special commission ¦ will be issued for the trial ofthe recent murder rases in the county Tipperary . i Substitl'Te Fou Marisle . —A large factory is about to be established in Berlin , for manufacturing a species of composition equal to the finest marble , from plaster of Paris and solutions of alum . Winter . —The navigation ; seems to be closed at Cronstadt for the year . The road and the gulf are thickly covered with ice , and several foreign merchants are obliged to stav . j
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Thomas Rose , of Nursling , Hampshire , brick burner . — Jitlm Thomas Gibbons , of Eton ; Buckinghamshire . —John Brett , of Bury St . Edmund ' s , ] Suttblk , currier . — James Ayling , of Leeds , cabinet maVwior . —Stephen BuckneU , of Hendon , Middlesex . —Josiah M : « "tin , of : > : >!) , High-street , St . Leonard , Shoreditch , tullow-fchaiuller . —Caroline MaidI stone , of Cambridge , milliner . ~ -William Starr Drury , of Chester , ironmonger . — Elias jXcrdfiarn , jun ., of Little Houghton , Lancashire , eloggeij . —John Benle , of Cadoxton , Glamorganshire , grocer . —• William Skinner Hendle . of Penzance , Cornwall , tea-dealer .
DIVIDENDS DECLARED . James Giison Forster , of Aldgate High-street , City , tailor , first dividend of Is . in Jhe pound , payable at In . Aldermanbury , London , any Saturday . James Cadbury , of New Bondistreet , cheesemonger , final dividend of Is . 4 J » i . in the pound , payable at 18 , Aldwwaiibury , London , any Saturday . ] George Hammond , sen ., of Havant , Hampshire , brewer , first dividend of 1 r . ( Id . in the ipound , payable at 18 , Aldermanbury , London , any Saturday . Jonathan Bail , of Salisbury , Wiltshire , cabinet maker , first dividend of tis . sd . in the pound , payable at 18 , Aldermanbury , London , any Saturday . John Dunphy , of Burford , Oxfordshire , victualler , first dividend of 4 s . 3 d . in the pound , payable at } S , Aldermanbury , London , any Saturday , i John Hore Brown , of Duke-street , Manchester-square , chemist , final dividend of Is . idi in the pound , payable at 18 , Alderniaii'foury , London , any Saturday . John Tucker , late of Sutton-street , Commercial-road East , ship owner , first dividend ! of ( is . 8 d . in the pound , payable at 18 , Aklermanbury , London , any Saturday .
Thomas Jaeomb Lancaster , ofBarge-yard , Bucklersbury , City , merchant , final dividend of lid . in the pound , payable at 18 , Aldermanbury , London , any Saturday . Thomas Curtis , of Stepney , shipping ; buteher , first and final dividend of Is . 8 d . towards Is . lOd . in the pound , pavable at IS , Aldermanbury , London , any Saturday . John Hall , of 20 , St . George ' s-place , Hyde-park-i-omer , tailor , first dividend of 9 d . in the pound , payable at 18 , Aldermanbury , London , any Saturday . John Freeman Wood , of Oxford , surgeon , first dividend of-2 s . < J < 1 in the pound , payable at 1 , Sumbrook-court , Basingliall-strect , any Wednesday ; Daniel Basely , of High-street , Borough , and Old Kentroad , cheesemonger , third dividend of Is . in the pound , payable at 1 , Sambrook-eourt , Basinghall-strect , any Wednesday , i Edward Vaughan Austin , of Paradise-street , Rotherliithe , apothciary , first dividend of 7 d . in the pound , payable at 1 , Sainbrook-eourt , Basin ^ hrll-street , any Wednesday . ¦ ¦
Ilii'hard Barham , of Emsworth , Hampshire , linen draper , first dividend of "Js . ( id . in the pound , payable at 1 , Sambrook-court , Basinghall-str . eet , any Wednesday . Jacob Forth , of Nottingham , hatt » r , first dividend of 2 s . in the pound , payable at " 27 , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday . ; Samuel Appleyard , of Manchester , stuff' merchant , first and filial dividend of 3 s . Ud . in the pound , payable at 7 , Charlotte-street , Manchester , ou December 18 , and any following Wednesday . i David Thomas , of Manchester , merchant , second dividend of 4 Jd . in the pound , payable at 7 , Charlotte-street , Manchester , any Wednesday . ] Abraham Ogden , of Spotlaml , Lancashire , sizer , first dividend of "> s . !» d . in the pound , payable at 7 , Charlottestreet , Manchester , anv Wednesday .
John Fothergill , sen ., of Selby , Yorkshire , apothecary , first dividend of 8 s . -id . in the pound , payable at 7 , Commercial-buildings , Leeds , any Tuesday . Stephen Phillips ,-of Brook-street , Hanover-square , carpet warehouseman , dividend ofjlOd . in the pound , payable at 1 , Sambrook-court , liasinghall-street , any Wednesday . Lu < l < i and Wiliiam Pcimer , ; of Kenchurch-street , Pity , merchants , dividend of hi in ; the pound , payable at 1 . Sambrook-court , Basinghall-street , any Wednesday . John Jenkins , of (' raven-place . Old Kent-road , currier , first dividend of 4 s . Gd . in the pjound , payable at 2 , Basingliall-street , London , any Wednesday . William Dethick , of Temple-street , Whitefriars , City , lime merchant , first dividend of 5 ^ d . in the pound , paynb ! : at I , Basinghall-street , London ^ any Wednesday . William liestoe Smith , of Sudbury , Suffolk , surgeon , firs ! dividend oftis . ljd . in the pounci , payable at 2 , Basinghall street , any Wednesday . j Peter Tansley , of St . John-street , West Smithfield , strnn plait dealer , first dividend of 2 s | . OJd . in the pound , payabk at " 2 , Basinghall-street , anv Wednesday .
Henry Wood , of Basingbiill-street , City , woollen factor , first dividend of " - ' s . in the pound , payable at - . ' , Basinghullstreet , any Wednesday . ; Thomas Bentley Andrew , of Ashton-under-Lyne , Lancashire , tea dealer , first dividend of 3 s . ( id . in the pound , payable at 35 , George-street , Manchester , any Tuesday . William Henry Bates , of Birmingham , factor , first dividend of 3 s . 3 d . in the pound , payable at 7 , Waterloo-Street . Birmingham , any Thursday , i Yeardley and Co ., of Ecclesfield , Yorkshire , flax spinners , first dividend of 3 s . yd . in the pound , payable at 7 . Commercial-buildings , Leeds , hay Tuesday . James Sentor , of Kirklieaton , Yorkshire , fancy cloth manufacturer , first dividend ' of 3 s . lid . in the pound , payable at 7 , Commercial-buildings , Leeds , any Tuesday . Thomas Williams and Edward Williams , of Liverpool , linen drapers , first dividend of ; 4 s . In . in the pound , payable at Uarned's-buildings North , Liverpool , any Thursday . William Webb , of Leamington , Warwickshire , " hotel keeper , dividend of 7 . s . 6 d . in the pound , payable at 2 ~ , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , ! anv Thursday .
John Miluer , of Brook-street , New-road , engine manufacturer , second dividend of Is . (> d . in the pound , payable at 1 . Sambrook-court , Basiniihall-strei-t , any Wednesday . Joseph Else and William Wxou , of Kings ' toti-upon-Hull , corn millers , first and final | dividend of 12 s . Gd . in the pound on the separate estate pf Joseph Else ; and on the joint estate , first dividend of 3 s . in the pound , payable at 7 , Commercial-buildings , Leeds , any Tuesday . CERTIFICATES to be granted , unless cause be shown to the contrary on the day of meeting . Joseph William Hncll , of - \ lnunt-p ace , Mi ! e-end-roud , boot-maker , Jan . 8—William llottou Williamson , of Dowgate-hill , Citv , tobacconist , Jan . 10—Ilk-hard Hobinson ,
of 4 . ") 7 , Strand , coal-merchant , Jan . 10—Henry Adenbrook , of Dudley , Worcestershire , druggist , Jan . 7—John Appleton , of Sunderland near the Sea , Durham , shipowner , Jan . 7—Charles ; Mann , of Komford , Essex , banker , Jan . 4—Ross , Watson , anil Robert Morris , of Liverpool , brokers , Dec . ' 61 . i CERTIFICATES to be granted by the Court of Review , unless cause be shown to the-contrary on or before Dec . 31 . Thomas Humphrey , sen ., ami Thomas Humphrey , jun ., of Kingston-upon-HuIl , shipwrights —William Wolland , of Exeter , turner—Michael ( joghlan , of Meltham , Yorkshire , woollen cloth manufacturer—Edward Mark Good , of l't'ckham and Dulwich , ; Surrey , farmer—Edward M'LaughUn , of Long-lane , Bermondsey , hair merchant .
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED . William Collisnn , Edward Trimmer , and Charles Tollev , of Worcester , brewers—Isaac Booth and Richard Blockley , <> f Monks Coppenhall , Cheshire , mercers — Alfred Mayarid Henry Stewart , of ! W , High Hi > lbt > rn , smiths—George Tillett and William Tillett , of Winterbourno and Frampton f ' ottcrell . ijuarryrnen—Edward Cawley and Joseph Cawley , of - . ' 1 , Lambeth-terrace , Lambeth-road , Surrey , cabiue ' t-makers—Samuel Woolley and W . N . Bell , of Liverpool aiul Smyrna , incivhuiitN—Richard L . Raukin and Joseph Gleave , of Northwicli , Cheshire , manufacturing chemists—Joseph Linslev , jun ., Margaret Fatherley , and
TTannali Fritherley , of Washington , Durham , farmers—Th'imns Booth and Richard ; Hornby , of Blackburn , Lancashire , drapers—John Stanfield aud John Palmer , of Wakefield , Yorkshire , booksellers . — Richard Attwood and J . W . Hewett , of Farebam , at torneys—II . R . Forrest and Francis Boyle Garty , of 157 , Fenchurch-street , City , merchants—Henry Hargreaves and Richard Marmnduke Gill , of Blackburn , Lancashire , printers—Robert Bowman and William Knight , jun ., of Manchester—Thomas Conway and John Marden , of Beamirister , Dorsetshire , drapers-Thomas Ions and Thomas Leybourne , of Neweastle-upon-Tyne , curriers—Frederick Piiwsey , John King , and Henry Ridley , of Ipswich , ink manufacturers .
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London Cons Exchange , Monday , Dec . 9 . —The arrivals of English wheat and barlev were large during the past week , but of other articles the supplies coastwise were moderate . From Scotland only a lew small parcels of barley , and two or three thousand quarters of oats arrived , but of the latter grain the receipts from Irelnndjwere to a fair extent . From abroad the supply of barley was very liberal , that of oata tolerably good , with a moderate quantity of wheat and flour , the latter Canadian . At this morning ' s market the show of jwheat by land carriage samples from the neighbouring counties was small ; there was likewise a falling off in the display of barley and oats ; the quantity freshjup v ? as unimportant , fteans and grey peas were , on the other hand , plentiful , and there were more white peas offering than of late . The sharp frost caused { all kinds of corn to come
to hand in improved condition , and the trade was consequently firm . English wheat met rather an active demand , and a clearance was effected without difficulty , at ^ fully tlife currency of Monday last . Foreign free wheat did not move off very freely , its previous value was , however , well supported . I lour , though still somewhat dull of sale , was held with increased firmness . Notwithstanding the late very plentiful arrival of barley , fine malting qualities excited attention . Choice parcels were held at rather over former rates , whilst all other descriptions were quite as dear as on this day se ' nnight . In quotations ' of malt no change occurred . For oats a steady inquiry was experienced , and prices had rather an upward tendency . Bekns moved off very tardily , and were Is . per qr . cheaper . Grey and maple peas were likewise a trifle easier to buy , and white no dearer . In bonded articles nothing of interest trans-
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pired . High prices continue to be asked for " white clover-seed , but the demand is not very active ; red moved off rather tardily of late . Linseed cakes have been much sought after ; indeed , the severe weather has enhanced the value of all articles used for feeding . Loxdo . v S . MiTnfiELD Market . —Mo . vday . —As the great Christmas market will be held here on Monday next , no little curiosity was manifested by graziers and butchers- to ascertain the quality of the stock exhibited for sale to-day , by way of a criterion to regulate their future transactions . But , with the exception of there being a few well-made-up Devons , Scots , and runts , amongst the bullock supply , a very great and ' almost unprecedented deficiency of quality was apparent ; in fact , at least a moiety of it was less than half fat . From the numerous
attendance of butchers , and the near approach of Christmas , we were led to expect an improved demand , but such was not tiie case ; still , however , the primesfc beef was in good request at fully last week's quotations—viz ., from 4 s . to 4 s . 4 d . per 8 lbs . ; but m Jill other kinds exceedingly little was doing , and , in . some instances the rates had a downward tendzney ! The imports of live stock from abroad , during the past week have been again liberal ; they having amounted to 105 oxen and cows , and (] ' ) shpop at Hull : and S > 3 beasts , together with Ifi 3 sheep , into London—the whole being from Rotterdam by steamers . The supply on show to-day consisted of 44 oxen and cows , . and 104 sheep . Witn respect to the quality of the former , we may observe , that it exhibited a slight improvement compared with previous importations , while the latter were in excellent Condition . The beasts found purchasers at from £ 16 to £ l ' . t , and the sheep from o"Js . to 44 s . per head .
> N c find that the foreign beasts are still in good favour amongst the butchers , while the sheep are somewhat eagerly sought after . The bullock droves from our northern grazing districts , consisted of about 1800 shorthorns . From Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , we received 380 Scots , &c . ; from the western and midland counties , 600 Herefords , runts , Devons , &c . ; from other parts of England , 700 of various breeds ; from Scotland , 200 horned and polled Scots ; and from Ireland , via Liverpool , 40 beasts—the remainder of the supply being derived from the neighbourhood of the metropolis . The suppi V of sheep was somewhat on the increase , and of fair average quality . Fine old Downs were in good request at full prices , but all other breeds were with difficulty disposed of at late rates ' . In calves , exceedingly little was doing at previous currencies . We had on . offer 144 pigs , by sea , from Ireland . All descriptions of pork were heavy , yet prices were supported .
Smithfield Hay JIarket , Thursday , —Coarse Meadow Hay , £ 3 12 s to £ 4 15 s ; Useful ditto , £ 4 16 sto £ 5 4 s ; fine Upland ditto , £ 5 5 s . to £ 510 s ; Clover Hay , £ 4 10 s to £ 6 ; Oat Straw , £ 1 12 s to £ 1 14 s ; Wheat Straw , £ 1 14 s to £ 1 17 s per load . A fair average supply , and a steady demand at very full prices . Solthall , Dec . 11 . —For prime beasts and sheep —the numbers of which were rather limited—we had a steady demand at fully last week's quotation . All other kinds of stock met a very sluggish inquiry , at
barely late rates . Beef , from 2 s . 6 d . to 4 s . 4 d ; mutton , 23 . &d . to 4 s . 4 d ; veal , 3 s . to 4 s ; and pork , 2 s . lOd . to 3 s . lOd . per 81 bs . to sink the offal . Supply : — Beasts , 47 ; Sheep , 1 , 700 ; Calves , 48 ; Pigs , 56 . Romford , Dec . II . —We had an improved inquiry for all kinds of fat stock , at full currencies ; beef , from 2 s . 10 d . to 4 s . 6 d ; mutton , 3 s . to 4 s . 4 d ; veal , 3 s . 4 d . to 3 s . lOd . ; and pork , 2 s . 8 d . to 3 s . lOd . per 81 bs . ; suckling calves , 18 s . to 30 s . ; quarter-old store pigs , 10 s . to 20 s . ; and milch cows , with their small calf , £ 16 to £ 19 each .
IIailsham , Dec . 11 . —flus being our great market , the supply of stock was good , and of very superior quality . Prices ruled as follows : —beef , from 2 s . 8 d . to 4 s . * Gd . ; mutton , 3 s . to 4 s . 4 d . ; veal , 3 s . 4 d . to 3 s . 8 d . ; and pork , 2 s . lOd . to 3 s . 6 d . per 81 bs . Ari'xdel , Dec . 10 . —Beef , from 2 s . 10 d . to 4 s . 4 d . ; mutton , 3 s . to 4 s . 6 d . ; veal , 3 s . 4 d . to 3 s . 8 d . ; and pork , 2 s . lOd . to 3 s . 8 d . per 8 lbs . Supply good , and trade on the whole dull . CuiciiESTEn , Dec . 11 . —The show this year was quite equal to that of last . The trade was not to say brisk , and a good clearance was effected at oup quotations . Beef , from 3 s . 6 d . to 4 s . 6 d . ; mutton , 2 s . 8 d . to 4 s . 4 d- ; veal , 3 s . to 3 s . 8 d . ; and pork . 2 s . lOd . to 3 s . 8 d . per 8 Ibs . Suckling calves , 18 s . to 28 s . ; quarter-old store pigs , 10 s . to 18 s . ; and Milch cows , £ 16 to £ 19 each .
CORN AVERAGES . —General average prices of British corn for the week ended Dec . 7 , 1844 , made up from the Returns ofthe Inspector in the different Cities and Towns in England and Wales , per Imperial Quarter . Wheat - 45 s . 2 d . Oats - 21 s . lOd . Beans - 37 s . 5 d . Barley - 34 s . 9 d . Rye - 31 s . 2 d . Pease - 36 s . 4 d . TniBSK Corn Market , Monday , Dec , 9 . —About an average supply ; in prices no alteration ; all well sold up . Wheat , 5 s . 3 d . to 6 s . ; rye , 3 s . 9 d . to 4 s . 6 d . ; beans , 4 s . 9 d . to os . 3 d . per bushel ; oats , 16 s . 6 d . to 21 s . ; barley , 31 s . to 35 s . per quarter . THIRSK WEEK 1 T CORN RETURNS UP TO SATURDAY LAST . Wheat . Barley . Oats . Rye . Beam . Peas . Qrs . Bush . Qrs . Bush . Qrs . Bush . Qrs . Qrs . Bush . Qrs . 159 i 57 6 85 5 0 9 3 0
TOTAL AMOUNT . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . 153 10 3 94 17 0 79 63 000 0 19 5 0 0 0 PRICE PER QUARTER . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ 3 . d . ¦ 2 4 . 3 * 1 12 10 0 13 6 i 0 0 0 2 1 Of 0 0 0 Bedale Fortnight Fair , Dec . 10 . —We had a good supply of both beasts and sheep at this day ' s market , with a good attendance of louyers . Beef , 6 s . to <> s . Gd . per stone ; mutton , 5 id . per lb . Malto . v Corn Market , Dec . 7 . —We have a limited supply of grain to this day ' s market , with the exception of oats , which was very limited . Wheat of all descriptions in good demand , at last week ' s prices . Barley , except the finest qualities , the turn lower . Oats without alteration . —Red wheat , new , 43 s . to 48 s . ; old ditto , 50 s . to 52 s . ; ditto white , new , 51 s . to 54 s . ; old ditto , 52 s . to 56 s . per quarter of forty stone . Barley , 28 s . to 33 s . per quarter of thirtytwo stone . Oats , ! Hd - to lOid . per stone .
York Corn Market , Dec . 7 . —The market is beginning to have its usual supply of grain . For wheat , farmers are asking a little advance on last week ' s rates , and in some cases it is acceded to , but the general run of samples arc no dearer . Fine barley , ready sale ; inferior qualities difficult to quit , and the turn lower . Beans have declined ( 3 d . per load , and oats one farthing per stone . Leeds Corn Market , Tuesday , Dec . 10 . —We have now a change in the weather ; a keen frost set in on Thursday last , and still continues , by which the condition of all grain is much improved . Fresh supplies this morning are only limited , and having a fair good demand for wheat , a small advance on last week ' s prices is realized , and a healthy feeling in the trade . Barley is steady in value , and the demand has slightly increased . Oats , shelling , and beans , both old and new , are without much change in value .
I . eed " s Cloth Trade . —The sharp weather with which we have been visited during the last few days has produced a slight animation in the demand for winter goods ; but the general aspect of the trade is still dull . Many parties are , however , looking for an improvement with the new year . Manchester Corn Market , Saturday , Dec . 7- — Rather a better demand has been experienced for all descriptions of llour during the week , ? ind although we cannot note any improvement in prices , the rates previously obtainable have been fully supported . In oats and oatmeal a steady business has likewise been passing , at the full currency of our last market-day . At our market this morning few transactions occurred in wheat , but no alteration in value was observable . A moderate demand existed for flour , and the quotations of this day se'nnight wei'e firmly maintained . Oats , being in scanty supply , commanded an advance of Id . per 45 lbs . ; and oatmeal met a fair sale , at
fully late rates . Beans were in limited request , and again rather cheaper . Liverpool Corn Market , Monday , Dec . 9 . —The arrivals of grain ,, itc , to this port , during the past week , are of very small amount : Is . per quarter advance has occurred in the duty on foreign rye , and Is . per quarter decline on peas—say 8 s . 6 d . and 7 s . 6 d . respectively . Throughout the " week the trade has been inactive ; but , [ with continued firmness on the part of holders of foreign , and the small imports of Irish new , prices of wheat throughout the week have been maintained . Flour has experienced a very dull sale , and home manufacture must be quoted Is . per sack cheaper . Though few oats have been wanted , the scarcity of that grain has enabled holders to realize fully Id . advance ; good mealing qualities have not been obtainable under 3 s . to 3 s . Id . per 45 lbs . Oatmeal has met a moderate demand at last week ' s rates . Barley has continued to move slowly . No alteration as regards beans and peas .
Liverpool Cattle Market , Monday , Dee . 9 . — We have had a smaller supply of cattle at market today than for some time past , with a numerous attendance of buyers . There was an advance in price of about id . per lb . from last week ' s quotations . Beef old- to 5 Jd ., mutton 5 jd . to Gid per lb . Cattle imported into Liverpool , from the 2 nd to the 9 th Nov . : —Cows , 1832 ; calves , 30 ; sheep , 3058 ; pigs 5328 ; horses , 21 . ' ' Liverpool Wool Market , Dec , 7 . —We have again to report a fair business in wool this week , with a prevailing opinion , which seems to be gaining ground , that prices will not be lower . In Alpaca , with our light stock , the few sales are at MI price . The demand for Scotch is moderate , at late rates , for the wants of the trade .
State of Trade . —The intelligence of the complete closing of ihe Elbe by ice , which reached this town on Saturday , has put a sudden stop to purchases of yarn for Germany ; and the accounts from India not being considered favourable , the yarn market has become exceedingly duD , though , as yet , without any material change in prices . The market for manufactured goods is also inactive , for which the season may suffi « ciently account . Yesterday ^ there were some rather extensive inquiries for 40-inch shirtings , at lower rates ; but , we believe , not much business done . — Manchester Guardian , of Wednesday .
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Early Winter . —The mountainsand even the upper valleys on the French frontier of Arragon are covered with snow , anevent which has not taken place at so early a period for forty years . In the lower valleys rain has fallen almost ' incessantly for the last month . Wolves have come down in troops ,-and-devoured an immense number of sheep , horned cattle , and horses ; and even the bears , said to be in general so cowardly , have become bold and rapacious . A few days since tiie wqlvea devoured ninety alieen and several horses between the Eaux Chaudes and Gabas .
A New Translation . —A rich old maiden lady , who was notorious for her bad temper and for her perpetually scolding her servants , haying died a short time since , the hatchment was put up against her house , under which was the following motto : — " Requiescat in pace . " The cook ; inquired of the coachman the meaning of these words . Coachee , proud of this appeal to his scholarship , after pondering over them fora mojment , answered . — "Oh , the motto in English is— - ' Rest quiet , cat , in peace . ' " The Bov Joxes aoai . v . — During the few days the Warspite was anchored in Salamis-bay , the boy Jones ( in I go ) swam : from the ship during the night ; but after some search he was found ashore . I have not heard of his trotting into the Palace , however .
The Frost in Holland . —Amsterdam , Dec . CIn consequence of the frost which we have had for these three days past , the river Y before the city is hard frozen . The Zaandam steamer was obliged yesterday to give up a voyage , and to return on account of the ice . This morning , before seven o ' clock , three persons , going to shoot wild fowl , crossed the Y , opposite the Custom-house , and several peasants , with milk for North Holland , have crossed the ice on foot . Victor Hugo , who , it is said , has determined for the present altogether to abandon the dramatic Muse , has been compensating himself witluher lyrical sister . A third volume of his poetical speculations and reminiscences of "The Rhine" is in the press . A work of his on Italy is , also spoken of as forthcomingwhich , says the Revue de Parit , the poet "designs as his first political offering to the peerage . "
Increase of Pal-peks . —From the returns prepared under the direction of the Poor Law Commissioners , it appears that the number of out-door paupers in 5 ^ 4 unions in England and Wales had increased during the past year . Thus the total number of aged and infirm out-door paupers , partially or wholly disabled , relieved during the quarter ended Lady-day 1842 , was 271 , 769 , being composed of 59 , 749 men wholly unable to work , and 111 , 584 women and 31 , 118 men and 09 , 320 females partially able to work . In the Lady-day 1843 , the number of those wholly unable or only partially able to work had risen from 271 , 769 to 288 , 74 * , showing 17 , 000 increase in one quarter alone ! Thus also has the amount levied
and expended in England and Wales gradually increased , year by year , since 1838 . The amount levied in 1838 was ££ ' , 186 , 3 * 9 ; in 1830 , £ /> , 01 . 7 , 038 ( an increase of between £ 400 , 000 and £ 500 , 000 ); in 1840 , £ 6 , 014 , 005 ( aii increase again nearly equal , as compared with the preceding year ); in 1341 , the amount levied for the . purposes ofthe Poor Law further inereased to £ 6 , 351 , 828 ; in 1842 , to JE . 6 . . S 90 ; and in 1843 , to the enormous sum of £ 7 , 85 , 595 , or an increase upon tlie year before , of no less than £ 532 , 705 , ' or upwards of half a million sterling . In fact , the cost of the poor in the last year was nearly the same as that in 1820 , under the much reprobated old system .
Game . —On Monday last , as a labourer of Quamton was crossing a field belonging te the Duke of Buckingham , he saw a great number of hares , and had the curiosity to count them . In this one field he counted no less than 270 hares , which was of course much less than the number he saw , as there were many he could not count . While labourers are starving for want of food and employment , here are vermin allowed to consume and waste this food , and by their depredations to lessen the fanner ' s means of emploving the poor . —Aylesbur ;/ News .
Legal Equity . —An unlucky youngster in the county of Sussex , in a frolic -with his gun disturbed some " partridgcH , without hurting a feather . For this the magistrate fined him £ 10 . —A i ' vw days since a ruffian brutally assaulted a poor woman after partaking of her hospitality under pretence of knowing her husband , then awav at sea ; and in which assault he was assisted by liis companion , who had shared what the poor woman ' s house afforded . In resisting their violence the poor woman broke her arm , and tin-: wretch who caused this calamity was fined £ 5 , or two months' imprisonment .
Circumstantial Evidence . —A woman , fifty-two years of age , the wife of a small farmer , named Benvoisin , residing at Eprevill , was tried on th , e' 27 th ult . before the Court of Assizes ofthe Euro , for the murder of her brother , Pierre Vautier . It appeared from the indictment aiid the evidence that the brother and the sister had for nearly fifteen years been on bad terms , in consequence of the anger felt by the latter at her brother having a larger portion ofthe property left by the father than she thought right , and tUat Vautier , in his just resentment against his sister , who was a woman of the worst feelings , had made a will bequeathing his property ( about HJ . OOOf . ) to a friend . The mother ,, huwovor , being attacked with severe illness , and therefore desirous of seeing her daughter , Yautier , who resided with his mother , consented to receive his sister , and at the death-bed of the parent a reconciliation took place . Vautier having about the period of his mother ' s death broken his thigh .
the sister remained at his house to nurse him ; and , although her selfish disposition was again shown bv her desiring to have the whole of the household furniture of the deceased , and a quarrel _ ensued , yet Vautier , as a proof that the reconciliation made by the bedside of his mother was sincere on his part , revoked the will which he had made in favour of his friend , and executed another , in whieh he left everything to his sister . This act of generosity caused his death . The prisoner , anxious to got immediate possession of the property , and takinjj advantage of his feeble state , entered his room at night , and with a club beat out his brains . Early on the following morning she went to a neighbour , and told j hiin that during the night some thieves had broken in , and after robbing the house had murdered her brother . Tlie character of the woman , however , created suspicion , and the olfieers of justice had soon proof that tlie murder was committed by her . On the trial the evidence was such as not to admit of a doubt
of her guilt ; hut the jury , to the surprise ot the Lourt , declared that there was no proof of the murder having been committed with premeditation . She was therefore only sentenced to imprisonment fur life , with hard labour . A remarkable fact was revealed on the trial , showing that even the most calculating criminals frequently commit great oversights . The murderess had taken the precaution , after the consummation of the crime , to proceed to a neighbouring spring , and wash away the stains of blood from her hands and some of her clothing , but she had placed a bloody hand upon a latch on the inner side of a door which was locked , and th . e 3 u'y of which was found in herpos .-sessioji . Her story of thieves having entered the house was contradicted by this fact , for they could not subsequently have locked a door of which they had not the key ; the marks of blood also were those of the left hand , and it was proved that the prisoner was left-handed . —Galiynanf s Messenacr .
An American Actress , Miss Cushman , celebrated in the highest walks of the drama , has arrived in England . Yankee Shootinu . —I ' ll tell you of a peculiar cheap shot as I had with a single bullet . In at farmer Spovin ' s , I see a coop ready to go to Brooklyn , with seven and forty ducks in it . So 1 said to Spovin , " How much will vou charge me for a single shot among that brood with a Single bullet , whole , and not split ? " "Two dollars , " said Spovin . "Done ! " says I , slick enough . So I took a little bruised corn " and strewed it along the trough , and out pops the seven and forty heads of the ducks . Then I lay down on the ground right away , and taking a perspective horizontal view of the whole regiment sideways , I wish I may be teetotally substaquilated if I didn ' t carry off the entire whole of the seven and forty heads .
i The Intellectual Middle Class . —At a recent 1 inquest Mr . Wakley stated , that not one-half of the jurors who attended inquests in the western district : of Middlesex could wnte ; and that a short time ] since he held an inquest at which ten jurors out of j the twelve could not sign their names . Earthquakes . —Letters from Italy state that the continued shocks of earthquake by which , for more than a year past , the city of Ragusa has been disturbed , have ereated so much alarm that it is in contemplation to evacuate the well-known place , and build a new Ragusa , on some better protected spot of the Dalmatic shore .
# Indu-hdbbeb Goods . —The American papers mention that great improvements have been made lately in the United States , in the manufacture of Indiarubber waterproof goods , for which a patent has been taken out by * Mr . Charles Goodyear . It ia also stated that the articles have been patented in England , France , and Russia . I
Untitled Article
BECEMBga 14 , 1844 . ^ XHE NORTHERN STAR . 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 14, 1844, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct686/page/7/
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