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_ *tetarD ^ stracts.
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**""" " TffE BAKK SCREW . ,, Titianosta , nee remedia patipossumus .-v « rnr the whole screw , tight or loose no *** PJZ * i en * tie nation up to the sticking P *** ^ SbsTe leuned the management of the wTe ^^ . ^^ cbllian , Brazilian , Portuguese , ud ^ Ti tfce ««* " £ rise to par , and the London Stock S ^ ^ fbe ^ Se ta ^ th a sudden flood of B ^^ Woured , too , that a , gigantic acrew-driver P * ] t lr"Xffl Tbreadneedle-street , for the use . f *» ^^ jSTBank . and « this scr « w-driver is to *• !!? S ^ L * " * coBfiJentiy exp ^ t ed that the auui i
m * , mMa inu LJ- » IAI uj "c jn ~ .= — ., — * " * be » r no more of the Bankj going - into a J £ 3 flmf fi *" sue botk G * 0136 aBd JeW g ^ p w- the tigbtKrew , t ^ fV ujM . that other , ^ e ^^ taoaier , ^ t tiie ri ^ aiid toe dip olfBBdB , low * , bonds , and scrip , SUtob aS sra thriving .
wK ed from screw dnTing ; g ^ Tt i * ««» , tight and loose I « of vosderfol use . And leaves us * * , leisure To count surp lus treasure , Circrtus revenue too , la Botesspie aadBpannew . N iA-ridstaading treadmills , iaboar tesu andbasoles , ^ two rival factions , Sore fiscal exactions , And all that kind of thing , Aioni which Chartists sing , their
So they lirow up caps ycr the Threadneedle chaps , And give aU honour doe ? o the Dans of the screw , jjjea , " nuds : sad convulsions , And iuntnoW revubnons , JbeiaU rf SAc Biddle , ¦ R ^ ose iaine rh ymes with diddle , Aai whose banting pie nic , dssei his guests to fell s ; ck , Xboatli he borrowed a sop yroofthe Ibreadneedle ahop , T& Tfiix optimists bright ai are
g ^ sr tlat : thinp right , Aid cedaie it giTW pain 13 pro re whit is eo plain , Tsti , 5 } -ite of gold panic , And pelf all pneumatic , Ibdrtangh " legal tender " jj c « r ttout defender , And that paper hankers Are era strung sheet anchors , Though not distant tae tour WhfeB ifceii p&per-pelf power gaB bars : like a bubble , Is tcmoU and trouble , And lave them , lack-a-day , > V . & stiver to pay , li jpite of tight screwing And * Ihreadneedle
doing-1 > j » fsiiE ; held out by the "United States GoyeromecC'iicJi only a short time ago boasted of a surplus revenE ™ psrfidioas paper pelf 1 , seems to be disregard ^ fcj om salesmen and practical currency doctors , for the * ' tw , are declaring that something must be dons v > bsTS a surplus reveune ; thongh it is evident fiat , sais the present system , the revenue and surplus ess c-alj be in backers * paper debts , xa the Knralsezs 533 reaction carreccy which actnally yields an smal interest to the debtors ; and it is an instructive feet , Hat every revulsion in the proper debt market has tea preceded by temj-orsry increased receipts into the Esiwns :. Tie Bank Dirtctors say that they
Ceanaot 147 thiii paper debts by reason of the great ' i taidxj ' d fold -one of the e ^ santial properties of real -UnoMy ; bat they caneeal the fact that erery addition ho ttdx piper debts adds to the relatiTe scarcity of tlie [ t $ old ,. sad that ihej , the Krertors , Would DOt allow fcihrL- dcisora to aTail themselTes of the puerile plea of \ : ' ihe aH ^ edsearrity , which , indeed , if once allowed to i itoa who to imprudently contract millions of debts in Ljapa" earreney , boads , loans , &c , "would free foreign pfjYerEEiSKs froa their eag ^ sements towards their pZsglish kadholders ; for it ought nerer to be forgotten , piosgh the saying may be homely , that " what is saace | bx tie £ OD 3 e is sanee for the gander . " BASiXTTAS . 8 y orHT ' . ghTm , March S , 15-41 .
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THE LEAGUE . VTto are that blustering , canting crew , Who keep the cheap loaf in osr Tiew , Az 2 d ironld from ub more profit screw ? * The League . "nto cry "Rgpol tie enrs'd Cam La ^ , " -ir-3 ironJd lieir wortmen feed with atra-sr , Xli ; U := y say flthj lucre paw ? The Leagne . "STio wisi to gsU the working man , Asd OiTj the Charter , i / Vity can , ^ itt rhsir seif-aggrandising plan ? The League . "STas dal in sophistry and cant—Of coauson » ense eTicce the want—Aid srrre the Charter to supplant ? The League . * B"is sf « t defeat at eTery turn , ? rfm ± ic Ghaitists , strong and stern , Tk fram it iriscosi -iriU not learn ? The i / eagua " ^ ao hiT 6 reeeird their final fall , Tea sSemoon , in our Cloth Hall , Aid dars no * , me more meeting call ? The League . "Wm . Bidee . Lsedi , ! £ asii 30 , 1541 . <» ¦ - TO THE 50 X 3 OF TOIL . Ts kei of ia ? a give ear airhile , w listen to my prayer ; -o ysa I lit , ye sons 0 " ^^ ^ Wia are press'd -with -srant and c& « , Hw eomes it that ye toil and sweat , iad bear the oppressor ' s rod ; *« cud rcsn trho ( iayg to cj ^ ugg r equal laws of G- ^ d ? E »* comes , that man with tyrart heart ^» i sed to rule another ; ^ rao , oppress , and , leech-liie , suck «* W * - » blood of a brother ? D-daesTea-, Eternal Joatice say , _" _! Ma of men giTe ear ! C ?*^ oa > * porerty and want , -23 others' loads must bear . X , e ? d 6 eK * 3 all men should share T-Tif e ^ " aws ; - ^ J ^ lire , and happy be , •^ P lead each other ' s cause . I T T ^ hter fl « 7 » await thee jet . 1 '> &JZ iXiD ° ' Iaetts onr TifeW : t ^ . 00 droopiug , fainting hearts , I ^^ > a our joyj renew : J " l ? ^^ Britons ! to your posts ! r ^ wf ^ ' the field ; ^ T *^ ! right will cUim the fight , " ^ «« na Trin be our sMeld . 318114 13 , LiiL ^ "
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^ - ^ WhS ? - * ' : Wsw « H * s raw ^^^ stv ^ Tf &re T ? ry extensive , in many = aule ? 8 ^» ? W , p 80 to 150 , 000 cubic yards ^ ° y " Le « d « ^ na iEdlaad Railway from £ y ** > S . ! ^ , v 7-2 f miles , about ^ A qsSTf . J . ffl ° T ed 5 b « in « more than ¦ f . V ^^ S ^ L ? 116 - ^^ K P *« of the , Q * . » ebt ^ r ? ? Progress , from S , 000 to ^ J ^ WTi by « " * teen Bteam-eagtnes , -were or s *^?^ ** nnmbejB of horses . Tem-^ V ^ l ^ f ^ . ™ ** Ficulturists J wippues oi
: r , e &oa ^ v f ^ se manure , an £ laded •• ££ " ! £ ^ ? ^ P ^^ iotis ' j been :-e ^ 6 iwZ « f * eir distance from towns . t , > 4 * a » 5 ? ,. * ad ** ° lemored m formiug J ^ - ^ MfejS ^ . 5 . ° ™« l into a belt SJ * * Si i ^ tv * eqDttM > - LookiD « ** what fes . ' sa : ^ ^ a ^ ffiii . ^ Ofsiep . ^ " ***? " ?> Set Mce a . i *> w <> ] in fV , ^^^ - ; i : __
| nr *«*! . in ^ S * ?» »? : it was for » work , ivu ^^ tK of « J »« newne » t in words ! mt ^ MtkrSL ?? them " * Md done , and ic ^ . ! ^ fSif ' ntti i ! ethetribeof 77 ^^ ^¦ S ^ ST&r ?^ ^ ff ^ ^ r
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gubdnc % portion of our common planet ! This Ultion now has cities and seed fields , has spring tmib , draywaggona , Long-acre carriages , daj , railway trains ; has coined money , exchange bills , laws , books , warfleets , spinning jennies , warehouses , and West India Docks ; see what it has built and done , what it can and will yet build and do ! These umbrageous pleasure woods , green meadows , short Etubble-nelds , smooth-sweeping roads ; these high-domed cities , and what they hold and bear ; this mild ' Goodmorrow" which the stranger bids thee , equitable , nay , forbearant if need were , judicially calm and law-obsfiiring towards tfiee a stranger , —what work has it not cost ! How many bra way arms , generation after generation , sank down wearied ! how many noble hearts , toiling while Ufa lasted , and wise heads thai -wore themeelres dim with . scanning and discerning , be / ore thi 3 wast « White-cliff , Albion so called , became a British empire !"
Loss of Cajsts in Thbort a *© Practice . —The loss of caste is faintly described by saying that it is cm ] death . A man not oniy cannot inherit , nor contract , nor give evidence , but he is excluded from all the intercourse of private life , as well as from the privileges of a citizen . He must not be admitted into his father ' s house ; his nearest relations must not communicate with him ; and he is deprived of all the consolations of religion in this life , and all hope of happiness in that which is to follow . Unles ?
however , caste be lost for an enormous offence , or for long-continued breach of rules , it can alw&ya be regained by expiation ; and the means of racovariDg it must be very easv , for the effects of the lo ? s of it are now scarcely observable . It occurs , no doubt , and prosecutioBS are not onfrequent in our courts for unjust exclusion from caste ; but in a long residence in-India , I do not remember ever to have met with or heard of an individual placed in the circumstances which I hare described- —Mr . JElphinslone ' s History of India .
That ixjgs have an ear for music cannot be doubted . Steibelt had one which evidently knew one piece of music from the other ; and a modern composer had a pug dog that frisked merrily about the room , when 5 lively piece was played ; but when a slow melody was performed , particularly Dussek's Oper * , 15 , he would seat himself down by the piano , and prick up his ears vritb . inte&se attention , until the player came to the forty-eighth bar ; but , as the discord was struck , he would yell most piteoasly , and with drooping tail seek refuge from the unpleasant sound under the chairs or tabies . —Dr . Mi / iingen . Change is the Character op HpmT VIII . — Acting under the dictates of his passion ? , listening to the-a < irice of his confidential minister , U 1 O subtle and interested Cromwell , Henry tad now attained the two grea : objects of his wishes . His love , if the
feeling by which he was animated may be designated by so pure a name , had been fixea for the last six year 3 upon Anne lioleyn . She was now his wife and his queen . His selfish and imperious temper had been thwarted during the same period by the opposition of the Popedom ; he now saw himself the acknowledged head of an independent church , and amenable to no foreign ecclesiastical jurisdiction . Bat the possession of the ? -e objects wtxe attended with the worst effects . Unlimited indulgence and despotic power are calculated to pervert even the best disposition ; and , at au early period of his regal career , all the fair promises ot his youth were seen to wither under their influence , though it was not till the moment at which we have now arrived , that his chaiacier assumed its fiercer and more s&nguiuary complexion . —Edinburgh Cabinet Library , No . XXII .
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SABWARS CASTIiE . —Election op Guabdiaxs . —Tie- moral power of the working classes has been strikingly displayed during the election of the Guardians for this town . It appears lhat the Guardians- who were elected for the last year have Made themselves obnoxious by their tame submission to the vile instructions of the Commissioners , by becoming their touls in enforcing the worst provisions of the Whi £ ilurderation Bill ; and by availing themselves of their potrers to contribute to their own selliih iutereajs . Consequently , a largo number of the workicg men met at the Spa Well , on Sunday wesk , and came to the resolution to oppose the reelection of ihe old Guardians , by supporting such
men as would act with humanity to the poor , and who , vriih moral courage , would -withstand the dictation of the Somerset House trio . As might be expected from the union of the working men , they have gained a signal victory orei the middle classes , who supported the old Guardians , but who have been completely beaten by an overwhelming majority ; and to complete the victory , a meeting wa 9 held in the Parish Church , on Thursday week , to elect overseers and highway surveyors , when the working men again rallied , and elected meu who will act with more economy than their predecessors , to the chagrin of those who sqnander the people's iconev away , regardless of their poverty .
Rape , —On Thursday evanmg , the 25 th ult ., whilst a young female was returning home , with some medicine for a cow , for which she was suit by her master , she was followed by two or three youug men ; oui of the town np Bowe ' s Road ; and , after having ¦ followed her about two or three hundred yard ? , they j forcibly seized her , and threw her down , and , in | spite of her crie 3 , effected their diabol ' cal purpose . ; On the" following morning , the police took into , custody a young man , named Wm . Whitneld , to ! whom the young woman svrore as one of the young J men who had abased her person ; but who , never j theless , took a number of witnesses , when taken
, before the magistrates , to prove that he was not out | of town on the night in question . But , as the swore i to him , he wa 3 committed to take his trial . The | only particulars to which she swore were his clothing . ; However , a young man , named Dover , having been | with the guihy party , and having made some dis-I closures with which the police were acquainted , i they succeeded in taking into custody Robert I Allison and Thomas Pratt , jun ., who , when taken | before the magistrate , made a full confession of their 1 guilt ; upon which the joung man who had been j lakely sworp to was released , and Allison and Pratt i were -committed to York gaol to take their trials .
CARLISLE . —The Roads Pa > £ d -rtth Gold . — Some time last week a Mr . Watson , of the West of Cumberland , sent his servant man to the bask to draw upwards of £ 2 , 000 . Th « servant received the money , the principal part of which was fortunately in paper , the remainder , upwards of £ 200 , was in sovereigns , which he put into a saddle-bag , which being holed , the sovereigns dropped out as ho prooecded along the road . On reaching home , what was his consternation on finding that the sovereigns were all lost . We understand about £ 100 have been restored .
DALKEJTH . —Fire . —A destructive fire broke out here last Tuesday night , at eleven o'clock , in a barn and out-house , which is completely destroyed , together with two valuable horaes , and one cow There were two cows in the out-house , one of which was saved . The fire was caused through the negligence of the carter , by letting a candle fall among the straw , as he slept in the hay-loft above . Some eay he was drunk . It will be a great loss to the owner , Mr . Brown , a most industrious , praiseworthy man , who has thus lost the savings of many years .
BANKOCKBDRN . —La * t Saturday night , some malicious person went round this Tillage and ililtou , and dan ' oed most of the publicans' sign-boards with white paint ! From the fact , that none but publicans signs were daubed , a report is prevailing that it must be the Teetotallers . Fever and the measles are unfortunately very prevalent here , and have carried off a great number . On Friday last , the Teetotallers held a soiree in the Hall ; about eighty sat down to tea ; Mr . James Anderson in the chair The meeting \ ras favoured with speeches from Messrs . Harley and Patterson . A Tocal band was in attendance , and the evening was spent in the most agreeable manner .
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TheMamuoth , building at Bristol , will exoeed 3 , 600 tons ; more than any other ship in existence . It is confidently stated that Mr . Nicholls , one of the Poor Law Commissioaers , has resigned his appointment . —Times . Thk Toby Leaders . —On the Poor-law Bill 55 Conservatives voted with Sir Robert Peel , and 100 against him . Eael O ' eil died on Thursday , at Dublin . He was once Grand Master of the Orangemen of Ireland . The ¦ wtthdha-svals from the Paris Savings' Banks on Sunday and -Monday last exceeded the deposits by a sum of § 0 , 8567 ., the former amounted to 636 , 000 f . and the latter to S 75 , i 43 f .
It is said that Don Miguel bad consented to renounce his claims to the throne of Portugal , on condition that his titles and estates should be restored to him . Tub Courier Francois siates that an important discovery for the French nary h » d been made in the neighbourhood of Quimper . A coal-mine had been discovered , whicfl promised to be extremely productive . Jaxajca . —Conxnereial matters in Jamaica wear an unsettled appearance , and the distress caused by th . e scarcity of money , and the disinclination of the basks to discount is said to originate in a measure with the Commissioners of Accounts .
The attthob of the Niagara hoax is said to be a Mr . Jvichols , who onee edited a scurrilous paper in this city , and has for some time past published and edited the Buffalonian , an unprincipled sheet , in Buffalo . —Boston Journal . The axouxts issued for the service of the army B 8 Ty , and ordnance , respectively , from April , 1838 , to March , 1840 ( both inclusive ) , were—for the army , £ 13 ^ 38 , 337 ; for the navy , £ 1 O , 15 O 5 < 532 , ' and for the ora > aace , i £ 3 j-281 534 ) - making al : egether , £ 27 , 0 SO , 5 o 3 .
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A FtRB , discovered in the tower of the church of Ashton-under-Lyne , threatened the destruction of that venerable edifice , but , after about an hour ' s exertion , was completely subdued . Emigration . —There are now thirty vessels in the London and St . Katharine Docks fitting out to convey emigrants to Sydney , Hbbart Town , Canada , New York , and to the infant colony of New Zealand , which are to sail during the present mouth and April , and they will carry out in all about 50 , 000 passengers . Shjpwkeck . —A party of men ( 26 ) had been shipwrecked , and landed sixteen miles on the north side of the mouth of the river Oliphans . They had been nine days in boats , stnd belonged to the brig Australia , from Dundee , which had taken fire about 600 miles to the westward of the Cape , and was consumed in one hour .
Capital Offences . —The number of persons capitally convicted of the following offences , from 1838 to 1840 inclusive , was as follows : —viz ., arson , number convicted , 6 ; burglary with violence , 17 ; robbery with violence , 18 ; cutting and maiming with intent to murder , 20 ; altogether 61 : but out of this number only two were executed . Father Mathbyv continues his work of social reformation . On Saturday week , at Carrickma cross , he administered the pledge to about three thousand persons ; on Sunday , to five thousand all at once , besides others during the day ; and on Monday , to a ^ reat multitude besides , including " a large number of respectable ladies ! " An Irish paper estimates the total number who took the pledge in the three days at one hundred and twenty thousand .
MiLBAJiK . Penitentiary .. —The total number of prisoners received into this penitentiary in the year 1840 was ls 8 f . 6 , and the total numbir removed during the same period was 1 , 32-i . The total expences inenrred in 1840 amounted to £ 22 , 413 , from which , if the net profits by prisoners' earnings , &c , be deducted , the net expence ef the establishment will have been £ 18 , 913 . The number of prisoners in the Penitentiary is about 965 . It was only last week they sent 150 women away to the hulks , preparatory to being conveyed to New Zealand . As over-anxious Jvry . —A case of assault
having come before Mr . Baron Parke a few days since , the Learned Judge told the Jury ( the defendants counsel having admitted the assault , and spoke only in extenuation ) that they could not but find the defendants guilty . Notwithstanding this direction , the Jury were for a Jong time in consultation , to the merriment of all present . His Lordship again Stated , that " a 3 the defendants counsel had admitted the assault , surely they , the Jury , could not doubt it "—( laughter)—yet the Jury consulted , and it was not till after another intimation from the Learned Judge , that they had , in fact , sothiiig to consult about , that they returned a verdict of Guilty .
Fatal Accident at Earl Sefto . n ' s Mansion . — On Friday morniDg , between ten and eleven o ' clock , a most serious and appalling accident accurred ( and which in a few houra atterwards proved Fatal ) to Thomas Crow , a journeyman painter , who was engaged cleaning the exterior of the second floor windows in the front of Earl Sefton ' s mansion , Is ' o . 10 , Arlington-street , Piccadilly , when the maohine , on which the unfortunate man stood , from being improperly affixed within , suddenly gave way , and he was precipitated on the stone paving in the Courtyard . Assistance beingprccured , he was removed to St . George's Hospital , where , after lingering a few hours , death terminated his sufferings .
Ge . vtlemanlt Preference of Physicalto Moral Force . —A duel was fought ou Monday moruing , iw the vicinity of Chalk Farm , between two foreigners The aggressor , whose name , we are told , is Gustave , received his adversary ' s fire most coolly , the bullet passing through his hat , literally grazing his hair , after which he fired into the air . After the recontre , the parties shook hands and breakfasted together . Au Irish paper says , Mr . Samuel Hmchins and Mr . Lalor are to fight a duo > next week at Bouiogue . Mr . Parsons is to be the friend of the former , and Mr . H . Bridgman , M . P ., of his antagonist . The affair originated at Cork assizes in the alleffed exaction of a barony cess collector . And from Galway we have news of a difference of opinion which arose afttr dinner betweeu two Uarned members of a learned profession , and which ended in oue of them throwing % decanter full of wine at his learned friend . Three ribs are said to have been broken by the
collision . Neither of tbegentlemen has appeared ia court , ( in the dock or elsewhere , ) and it is understood that one of them has been bound over to keep the peace . Robbiso Public Houses . —On Thursday week , at the Mansion Hcu ^ e , a man named John Bio > vn , alias George Bacon , who had very much the appearance of a seafaring person , was charged with Saving robbed several public-houses by night . The prisoner having shown a great deal of talent in tho particular line of plunder to which he seemed to have applied himself , more than ordinary curiosity was excited . From one public houBe he abstracted three sovereigns and two half-sovereigns , and some silver , a pencil case , four keys , a penknife , and other articles ; from another he took \ 9 i . 2 d . and various articles , the property ef the waiter ; and from a third he took a cash box , containing £ 2 18 a . 5 d ., and a paper or order for a considerable amount , ail the property of the " Sons of the Thames . "
A Strange Story . —A French paper , called the ^ udi £ nc £ , cont . ain 3 a letter from a private correspondent , dated Gibraltar , the 28 th ult ., which states that an opulent British merchant named James B p xwell , long resident there , had been tried and convicted of the murder of his daughter , on circumstantial evidence , and that on the way to execution the conviot Eaw in the crowd another Englishman named John Keats , who had been extremely active in collecting evidence » £ asnst him . TJie convict expressed a desire to die in peace with all mankind , and to pardon this person , whom he had considered his greatest enemy . When the convict reached the scaffold the executioner was preparing to execute the
sentence of the law , when a voice was heard in the crowd exclaiming— " It is I that am guilty , and not the convict . " This exclamation was rnsde by John Keats . He confessed that it was ho who had carried off James Boxwell ' s daughter ; that he had cut off her hair during her sleep , and stolen one of her dresses , which he had steeped in blood , and that the generous pardon granted to him by his victim had caused him to reflect on . the enormity of his crime . The executioner immediately withdrew the rope from the convict ' s neck , and the cap from his face , when it was discovered that he was dead from the tSect 3 of terror . The atrocious John Keits was conducted to prison amidst the execrations of the populace , who wished to tear him in pieces .
The Chartists a > d Anti-Corn-Law Agitators . —At Lambeth-street , on Saturday , Mr . Sidney Smith , Secretary to the " Metropolitan Anti-Corn-Law Association , " applied to the Hon . J . C . Norton under tho following circumstances : —Mr . Smith stated , that , as Secretary to the Metropolitan Anti-Corn-Law Association , he had frequently to deliver lectures , in different parts of the metropolis , on the subject of the political economy of the Corn-Laws , which placed a considerable tax upon the people . Mr . Norton— " What is the object of your application \ " Mr . Smith— " I wish , your Worship , lo ask your advice as to how the law stands with respect to the protection of persons delivering lectures on different subjects . A number of porgons , calling
themselves Chartists , follow me about from place to place , and interrupt me so , that I am unabie to go on , through their clamour ? " Mr . Norton— " How do you know them to be Chartists 1 I always understood that Chartists were inimical to the Corn-Laws ; and , therefore , wonder why they should interrupt you in your advocacy for their repeal I" Mr . Smith— " 1 know them to be Chartists ; both from their being the same persons who follow me regularly from place to place , and their declaration , that nothing was to be done , unless through the Charter / ' Mr . Norton— " Do you complain of the interruption generally , or on any particular occasion ? " Sir . Smith— " I complain now of the last occasion npoa which I have experienced it . I had
been engaged by the Directors of the Literary and Scientific Institution in High-Street , Poplar , to deliver a lecture , and was systematically interrupted in the course of it by the Chartists . " Mr . Norton — "Were your lectures public , or were the parties attending them admitted by cards only ? " Mr . Smith— " They are public , but merely intended as lecture ? , and not as a subject of general discussion . " Mr . Norton— " In this country discussion is allowed in the fullest degree , and without wishing to enter on the subject , there are , in my opinion , goo , d grounds of argument on the other side of th . e subject . If the growers of corn ia this country were relieved from the heavy taxation to which they are subjected , th « y would have no objection , in my opinion , to the repeal
of the Corn Laws ; and , at all events , while the growers remain so heavily t « x » d as at present , there are grounds for argument against the repeal . * Mr . Smith here went on to say that one of the laws of the Chartists was that they were pledged to attend any meeting , and , in defiance of all deconaa ^ to enforce their own views and insist on the Charter , as nothing could be done anlesa through it . Ml . Norton observed that discussion generally promoted truth , and thought that those who were the advocates for public opinion should be the last to fetter it . _ Mr . Smith said that persons were engaged in giving lectures on Astronomy , others on anti-Popery , and others on Temperance , and he thought it essential that the law
should protect them . Mr . Norton replied that Englishmen did n ot like the systematic discussion of those -who wer e paid to advocate one side of a question ; and , JW . mg the right of being heard on the other aide , int erruption was the consequence . ApphcationB ha d been made to him ( Mr . Norton } by Temperance J jecturers , and he told them , as he would tell the app \ icant , that the police would interfere only when tbe y saw a tendency to a breach erf the public peace . ^ ( Mr . Norton ) did not think tne police should inte rfere nnder any other circum-Btuces . After some further observations , Mr . Smith withdrew , expressi ng his determination to apply to the ComnussuMkttf , of Police on the subject .
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DlSTDRBANCBS IK THB SoOTH OF FRANCE . —The Paris Moniteut of Thursday the 25 th nit . contains a telegraphic despatch announcing serious disturbances in the South . ' Marseilles , 24 th March . 1841 . —The Prefect of the Mouths of the Rhone to the Minister of the Interior . —Anarchists of the lowest description attempted last night a revolutionary movement . _ We were on our guard . Twelve or fifteen individuals , most of whom were provided with arms and ball-cartridges , have been arrested . Justice has instituted an inquiry . All is perfectly tranquil . "
Northern Circuit , Liverpool , March 26 . —The Judges arrived here last night , and opened the Commission of Assize . There are ninety-seven prisonera in the calendar , seven of whom are charged with murder , seven with rape , two with attempts to murder , and one with aiding and abetting that crime . There are ten cases of manslaughter , eight of cutting and wounding , four for forgery , two burglaries , besides felonies of the more ordinary description . The cause list contains sixty-four iu the first or Manchester list , and one hundred and twelve in the Liverpool list .
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HOUSE OF LORDS , Fkidat , March 26 . Their Lordships continued the Investigation into conduct of the Irish Poor Law Commission . Mr . Pedder was again examined . He exhibited bills which be held of Mr . Butler , for three , six , nine , eighteen , and thirty-six months . Mr . Erie , formerly an Assistant Poor Law Commissioner in Dublin , was next t'Xiimined . His evidence did not add much to what was stated by former witnesses . He seemed to attach less importance
to the irregularities than many persona have done . With respect to the imputation of political motives in tho selection of Returning-officors , he mentioned one or two important facts : he said , that witn few exceptions , all the applications for such places came from persons of one side only—ninety-nine out of a hundred entertained the aame political opinions as the Government : and ha averred that Government Bad never . Interfered to direct the choice of Ksturning-oflicers the recorainandation of the local Assistant-Commissioners was considered almost tantamount to an appointment .
Viscount Melbourne stated , in onswer to Viscount Stranjjford , that there was every prospect that negotiations with Francs , for a more liberal commercial intercourse with thi « country , would be renewed .
Monday , March 29 . Lord Denman , while presenting apetition respecting the Administration of Justice Bill , took occasion to enter into an txplunatiou relattvo to some charges made against him , to which he felt it to be due ' to their Lordships , to hituselt , and t « the administration of justice , to give a full and complete answer . It was supposed that , in a case which recently came before him at nisi prius , he had , ( or the base purpose of screening a cettoia indivuluaHtumpun ' uhment , prevented further proceedings against him , and required that the party should be obliged to make pecuniary compensation to the prosecutor . He should have thought that the whole history of his life would have been an answer to a charge like this , but it had lately been repeated upon
such high authority m another place , that he felt it necessary to place the facts before tueir Lordships , hoping that his statement of the truth would at once change the opinions even of those who made the charges against hint . It appeared that Lord Waidegrave was prosecuted for an assault on a policeman , and the cose came for trial before him . He did not stop the proceedings , for they had not been stopped at all . but were still going forward , aud the defendants Would be called up for judgment next term in the Court of Queen ' s Bench . It might be supposed that thia was owing to no act of his , aud BU&h wa 3 the ease , for it was the result of the ordinary course of the law ; but it was also supposed to be owing to the perseverance of the commissioners of
police in opposition to his suggestion . This vf as a mistake , for he had given no such recommendation , nor had he given any such opinion as was attributed to him , for he n-as ignoratn at tbe time of all the particulars of the case . The facts were these : Wheii the trial was called on , Sir F . Pollock said the defendant would withdraw his pita of not guilty and plead guilty , and expressed a hope that his client might be permitted to make compensation to the prosecutor . It was a practice in the courts of law to allow such compromises , if the offence was not a groaa or fl tgrant public outrage . If it was a case punishable by flue only , it was thought better to let the money go to the injured party rather than to the Treasury , in which case tile 8 uif * ror would receive no
benefit . When Sir T . Pollock made this suggestion he ( Lord Dennian ) said " At least they act rightly now ; let the plea of guilty be recorded , and I hope the case Is of # uch a nature ad to admit ot private reparation . " This , which evidently implied a doubt whether it was such a case , had been construed into an attempt to screen cff . njers from justice . This simple statement , however , irould , he believed , relieTa the administration of justice from the attacks which bad recently been maUe upon it He w&s aware that these attacks had been made upon him ia the public pspera , but , until it was mentioned in the House of Commons , he did not think it necessary to bring the matter before their lordships .
The Marquis of Kormanby thought the noWelord might have left such imputations to be answered by bis own liigh character . At the same time , he was of opinion that such compromises should be a ] ways of rare occurrence , so that no opportunity should be allowed of giving colour to a suspicion thut the evidence of the police might be tinctured by the hope of future recompense . Mr . Haw lei' , one of the assistant poor law commissioners for Ireland , was then examined respecting the falsification of the returns from the CJonmei union .
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HOUSE OF COMMONS , Friday , March 20 . Mr . M'Kinnon begged to ask whether , in the event of the commercial treaty with France being concluded , and a modification of the duty on wines taking place , the parties engaged la that traffic , Who had a fltocfc on hand , Would be allowed the drawback 7 Mr . Laboucherk said it was hot regular or convenient to answer these questions pending tho execution of a treaty , but as a general principle he might say the drawback would be allowed in the event of auy reduction of the existing duties . In answer to > lr . Paklngton , Lord J . IiVSSECL said that he had not yet receired the despatches from Newfoundland , but ha hoped in a few weeks to be able to state -what were tho intentions of the Government with respoel to that colony , i
In answer to Mr . Goulburn , Mr . Hawes s * ld it was his intention to proceed with the Medical Keferm Bill , and ha should state the precise day on which he should again bring it forward on Monday . In answer to Lord Sandon , Lord J . RUSSELL stated that it was his intention to postpone the English and Scotch Registration of Voters Bills until the rtSUlt of the Irish Registration Bill was known . A great number of petitions were presented on the subject of the Poor Law Amendment Bill , including one by L » rd Sandon from Liverpool , signed by nearly 50 , 000 persons , praying to exempt parishes under Sturges Bourne ' s act from the operation of the Bill ; one by Mr . Langdale , from 10 , 000 Roman Catholics of Manchester and Salford , praying that paupers of that persuasion might be allowed the attendance of their own « lergymen ; and one by Mr . BtOtuWtOU , from the Society of Friends , against the system of paying clergymen of the Established Church for their attendance in
workhouses . Captain Pechell called the attention of the Noble Lord { J . Russell ) to the importance of protecting the districts under local acts from the interference of the Commissioners . The Honse then went into Committee on tho Bill . On clause two being read , Mr . Fielden moved an amendment to the clause , the effect of which would be to repeal the Poor Law Amendment Act . Lord J . Russell objected to the amendment on the ground of its informality . The Chairman ( Mr . Bxbnal ) decided that it was irregular to put an amendment so worded . Mr . Fiez . de * complained that h ? a constituents would not be heard in that House .
Lord J . Russell had no objeeuon to a specific motion on the subject being brought forward , but when the Ben . Member had net been able to set at defiance the roles of the House , and thereby throw the business into comple confusion , it was not fair , it was not just , and it was not true , far him to assert that his constituents would not be heard in that House . ( Loud ebeers . ) The amendment was . then withdrawn , and the clause agreed to . On clause 3 being revl , ,.
Mr . Waklei moved that the elaune be postponed . The clause purported , to limit the- power of the commissionfeTs , and pravsnt tbeir interfering with parishes having local acts , but it was rather ainbiguouslj worded , and the commissioners might form a union ef two or three patkhes , including the one under a local act , and thereby deprive it of its right to exemption . Sir B . Peel supported the amendment . Mr . Leader » aid , the Government being in the hands of the Right Hon . Bart , they had no alternative but to submit to his proposition . After a few words from Lord Howick , the clause ¦ was postponed . On olMue 4 being read ,
Mr . Hindk moved an amendment to omit the word " regulations , " the object of which was to restrict the power of the Peer Law Commissioners , and give a discretion to the boards of Guardians to administer out-door relief in certain cases . The Hon . Member compl » in « d of tee regulations laid down Vy the Commissioners as being harsh in the extreme , more especially those which referred to the separation of members of the same family , and the refusal to administer out- dooi relief . Lord O . Sombbsex oelievad that much of the unpopularity of the Poor Law Amendment Act was attributable to the manner in which the Poor Law Commissioners enforced thtir regulati # ns . He thought they exhibited great arrogance in ttw style oC their
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communications , and that they showed no feeling whatever for the comforts of the poor . Lord J . Russell believed that no appointments had ever been made with greater circumspection than those of the Poor Law Commissioners . They had a very arduous and ungracious duty to perform , namely , to expose and do away with abuses , and to check extravagant expenditure , and they were therefore likely to be unpopular with some parties ; but , on the whole , they had discharged their important duty in a manner which entitled them to the admiration and respect of that House and the country . Lord SaNDON found fault with some of the proceedings of the Commissioners , who appeared to him to be the slaves of a certain theory , but would oppose the amendment .
Mr . Wakley objected to any discussion of the private characters of the Commissioners , of whom lie was bound to say he had never heard any thing prejudicial . j ^ ord Howick supported the clause . Sir Robert Pebl did not think it would be prudent or consistent with the interests cf humanity to do away with the Poor Law Commissioners . After a lengthened discussion , the Committee divided , when there appeared—for the clause , 225 ; for toe amendment , 75 .
Sir . RlCE then moved another amendment on the clause , to the effect that any order issued by the Commissioners , as to the amount of relief to be given , or as to the management of the poor in aay workhouse , should be taken to be a general order . The amendment tos agreed to . Clause 5 was , after some discussion , postponed . On clause 6 being proposed . Mr . Fieldek moved that the Chairman do report progress . The House then resumed .
Mr . Fox Maule brought in a Bill to amend the 3 rd and 4 th Victoria , chap . 99 , for taking the census : the Hon . Member also brought in a B'll for regulating the employment of children in factories , which were severally read a first time . The House adjourned at half-past twelve o ' clock . Monday , March 29 . A new -writ was moved for the county of Antrim , in the room of General O'Neill , who has been called to the Upper House , on succeeding to the title and estates of the deceased Earl O'Neill . Mr . Pakington complained of the arrangement made by the Government for proceeding with , the Poor Law Amendment Bill , to the exclusion of notices ot motion , and intimated his intention to persevere with his motion respecting Newfoundland . Lord J . Russell said it would be very inexpedient to enter into a discussion on the state of Newfoundland in the absence of information , which he expected to receive in a few weeks , from the colony .
After some observations from Lord Stanley , Sir R . Peel , and Sir G . Clerk , as to the . danger of establishing such a course as a precedent , by which the notices of Hon . Members were tbrown over without their consent , the order of the day was read for the House resolving itself into Committee on the Poor Law Amendment Bill . Mr . Fielden rose to move that it be an instruction to the committee on the Poor Law Continuance Bill , to introduce a clause into the bill for the repeal of the Poor Law Amendment Act The Hon . Mtmber said that nothing hut a sense of duty , and a settled conviction in his own mind , that the act bad failed either to amend the administration of relief to the poor , or to accomplish the specific effects which its promoters said it would secure , added to the fearful apprehensions he
entertained of the danger of continuing this Law , would have induced him to take this course . He had , from the introduction of the bill into that House in 1834 , to the present time , maintained that there was no necessity for such an act , and that what was called the abusive administration of relief to the poor under the law aa it then stood , was not caused by the poor themselves , nor by any defect in the law , but was the effect of excessive taxation , of alterations from time to time in the currency , ot corn laws to make food dear and sustain rents , of Jaws to repeal the tax on property , and raise tho revenue by tiu ? es on every article that ought to be largely cousumed by th « poor , and , lastly , by the bill of 1819 , which , by contracting the currency , doubled the pressure of taxation on the people , and withdrew from thousands the means which they would
otherwise bavo had of employing the poor , and paying them wages adequate to their proper maintenance . There was not one of tho causes to which he had referred , and which were all consequent on acts of Parliament , that had not produced a necessity for the relief of the poor being administered , as to its amount , according to the wants of the needy poor in every one of the parishes to which they belonged . Lord Althorp , on bringing in tha Bill , in 1834 , stated that , ior a long period of years , the administration of the poor laws had been free from the evils and abuses then connected with it , and he dated their origin at about the beginning ot th « present century , soon after the 38 th of George III . was passed , about the time when cash payments bad been suspended at the Bank , which led to an increase of paper money , causing a tisfi of prices of the necessaries of life , unaccompanied by a corresponding rise of wages , and consequently
great suffuring among the poor , and a greater number ot applications for relief . The Act of the 36 th of George III . was passed at the instance of Nr . Pitt , to ensure thia relief , and thereby put a stop to the complaints of distress , and it proved tbat the change then made in the currency was the immediate cause of an increased amount of relief being given to the poor at that period ; and , as taxes and rents had gone on increasing , relief to the poor had , on every subsequent alteration of the laws he ithe Hon . Member ) had named , been altered to suit the new state of things , which the law created . Mr . Cobbett wrote a litte work , after the Poor Law Amendment Act was passed , entitled " Cobbett ' s Legacy to . Labourers , " with a dedication to the Wight Hon . Member for Tamworth . Every one who was desirous of understanding tho question of poor laws would do well to read this little work . In his dedication he gave the amount of poor rates and of Government taxes , at different times , as follows : —
Poor Rates . Government Taxes . Reign of James II . £ 186 , 0 © 0 £ 1 , 300 , ooo 1 776 l , 490 , e . « * 8 O 0 O , 0 C 0 t 1780 2 , 250 , 000 16 , 000 , 000 1833 0 , 700 , 000 62 , 000 , 000 and he adds , " Ought not the insolent calumniators of the industrious classes of England to blush at the sight of this ? Ought not these impudent and unfeeling men to think a littlo of the consequences of their thus wantonly calumniating this laborious people , and calling tfieni idle sturdy vagabonds ? Must it not be evident to every one , that the increase of poor-rates has arisen from tne increase cf rents and the increase of taxes , and not at all from any defect in the Poor Laws , nor from any defect in their administration by overseers and magistrates ? How comes it that they never produced
all this mass of evil attributed to them in the course of 200 years ? " lf further proof be required that aiterationa in the currency placed the poor ia new circumstances , and either increased or diminished the ntctssity for more or less relief being afforded to them , we had this proof in the Act of 1833 , which made bank not <> a a legal tender at all places but the Bank . The announcement of it by Lord Althorp , when he submitted his resolutions in April , 1833 , gave rise to an advance of most raw materials used In mauufactuxes , in a very short time , of nearly fifty per cent . The joint stock banks , which till then bad been cautious in their accommodations to their customers , became much leas ao ; the other banks became more liberal too . Money increased in quantity , trade revived , agriculture uiko in a ahovt time became more healthy , railways weie
projected , and labour became abundant , and , until 1837 , when a eheck was given to public confidence from the hint that the Bank threw out that it muas curtail its issues , poor-rates decreased in amount , lio this altered state of things , produced by making bank * sates a legal tender , which led to increased issues , and afterwards to contraction , may as well be attributed tite reduction in the aaunut of relief to the poor , as to any of the cruel measures of the Poor Law Commisaioneis . And we now flndi , that what they were allowed t » do without producing a general impression that it was wrong , ia now followed by a general impression that what they did is-so , when credit has been shaken * , employment becom * uncertain , and wages of labour reduced , which reduction of wages has become more easj to effect by the introduction erf the self-acting teat ; . bs the increased
difficulty of obtaining relief which that test imposes on those seal ! y deserving of it , and who a » e plunged into deep distress by no fault of tbeir own , and by circumstances they eoald not controul . Th » commissioners themselves say this in their last report : — " The depressed condition of the manufacturiBg population , to which we have already adverted , and the disquietude of the public mind occasioned by the Chartist riot at Newport , in Monmouthshire , rendesed us extremely unwilling to take any step in the manufacturing districts o £ Lancashire -which might harce even a remote tendency to produce a disturbance , or which might be used by designing persons as a pretext for agitation . " At the period -when the principle o £ administering relief to tha poor could be beat tested and shown to be good ; at that peiiod the- commissioner * confessed their
unwillingness to carry the law into- execution . Who , but the commissioners could anticipate disturbance from directing that proper relief sho&ld be extended to . the poor in trying oircunutances , ud carrying into execution what the Noble Lord tells < u if a human * ana benevolent Jaw ? That showed not only the ahMtraity of a central bo « rd to lay down rules of relief , but their impoWncyte carry out any rule on the subject , and of the wickedness of the attempt , because of the . suffering it inflicts , and of the sympathy excited by thu suffering amongst the bumsne portion of the people ot England . There was , it was true , ia that House , many who proftssed tobe Liberal Members , who had expressed opinions law
different from hi « on the principle of tbe Poor Amendment Act They admitted it was based on centralisation , and pronounced the principle to be a good one . He ( Mr . Fieldwi ) "was at iasne with them , and he maintained the principle to be bad . They sold It was compatible with local government He would assert that it was destructive of local government , and opposed to good government They said that the delegation of the power to make laws to three Commissioners at Somerset Houae was not unconstitutional j but lie maintained that it was—that it wad erecting a despotic pov ,-Q * to dictate what should be done , and what should nut fee done , in every parish iu England , with , regard , to the > RdmialsiraUoa of the relief , to the poor , Who
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should decide 7 The intentions of these Honourable Liberal Members might be good , but he feared they had never studied the principles of good government , and he would tell them what ' a high authority had written on this subject of centralisation . In Jefferson ' s Memoirs there was this passage : — "It is not by the consolidation or concentration of powers , but by their distribution , that good government is effected . Were not this great country already divided into states , that division must be made , that each wight do for itself what concerns itself directly , and that it can do so much better than a distant authority . Every state again is divMed into countifs , each to take care of what lies within its local , bounds ; each county again into townships or wards , to manage minuter details ; and
every ward into farms , t « be governed each by its individual proprietor . Were we directed from Washington when to sow snd when to reap , we should soon want bread . " That was what a real liberal said was necessary te effect good government We had this distribution of power in England ; the Republic of America adopted what they admired in English institutions . They adopted our Poor Law , the same mode of taxing ? the people to provide a fund for the relief of the £ «>*> and the administration of relief founded on the principle laid down in the 43 rd of Elizabeth . We had departed from that principle , and had niade new divisions of the county , aud . given power to a central board in London to direct the administration of relief in most of the parishes of England , and what was tho
consequence ? Those who should now administer relief being directed from London how it should be afforded , the poor are denied that relief to which they have 03 good a claim as the landlord to his estate , and they do not only «' want bread , " but they perish of hunger and of cold . Such had been the effect of the centralisation experiment . No one could deny it , and the people of England were now saying , whatever either liberal or other honourable members might say to the contrary , that the system of centralisation shall not continue , and that local parochial government shall be restored . He had never been able to ascertain that the act -worked in a manner tbat was satisfactory to the rate-payers and the poor in any union whatever . He had proved the reverse to be the fact in
those unions inquired into by the Poor Law Committee on which he had sat . Responsibility must rest somewhere , and if the New Poor Law be persevered in , the question of " who is responsible ? " may be mooted , and the responsible parties may be called to an account for having given this advice . He ( Mr . Fielden ) felt disgusted with the treatment of the able-bodied labourer by the guardians acting under the commissioners . He knew none in society more deserving of sympathy than the virtuous able-bodied man , with a family to support , but whoso wages , notwithstanding he endeavoured to acquire the be 3 t he could obtain honestly , were altogether inadequate for the . stipport of himself and those dependent on him . The proposition to throw the able-bodied " on their resources , " when one-half of their earnings were taken from them by taxes on their bread and every other article they consumed , was both ungenerous and unjust ( Hear , hear , hear . ) But . he ( Mr . Fielden ) had said that
the adoption of this principle of relief had failed to raise wages , and to produce increased content of the labourers , and diminution of crime . Look at the calendars , and to the charges of the judges of assize , who were almost every wheTe deploring the increase of crime , and suggesting education to prevent it It was food that the people wanted , and without that , education would not avail , and , as to redaction of wages , instead of a rise , he ( Mr . Fielden ) had proved that before a committee of that House . Many Hon . Members hod stated the same facts ; and if the Noble Lord doubted it , let him appoint a fair committee to inquire . The New Poor Law was a failure , and ought to be tepealed , and one more consonant with humanity and the rights of th « poor 'enacted in its stead . The 43 d of Elizabeth was that , and therefore if he ( Mr . Fielden ) were asked for a substitute , he would say , let uj resort to the 43 d of Elizabeth . The Noble Lord and the House might rest assured that tie people of England would never be reconciled to tha Poor Law Amend .
monfc Act , nor to the central board , and the self-acting workhouse test . The Noble Lord would do well to look to ths petitions against tht se measures , which had been presented in the short period of six weeks that this Bill had been known . Let him look whence they came . Those petitions , up to Friday week last , numbered 526 , with 138 , 527 signatures ; while , on the Other hand , there were , in the same tinie , only ten petitions , with seventy-four signatures in favour of the Bill . If the Noble Lord doubted the influence of those petitioners over that House , let him look to the sixtyseven notices of amendments to his Bill proposed by different Members of tbat House . One , he saw , wa » to have one large and populous union ( Bolton ) exempted from the Poor Law Amendment Act ; another was to exempt all towns of 10 , 600 inhabitants from its operation . That was proposed by the Noble Lord , the Member
for Liverpool . The Noble Lord had consented to parishes having local acts being exempted from his Bill , and that showed that the constituencies of those parishes were too powerful for the Noble Lard to bring under the operation ot the Poor Law Amendment Act , aud the Bill t » amend it now before the House . If the Noble Lord would provide in his Bill that those unions which might wish to be exempted from interference by the Poor Law Commissioners might be so , he ( Mr Fielden } had but little doubt that their continuance would be unnecessary . He , there-fore , implored the Noble Lord and the House to pause , because of the danger he apprehended from continuing the Poor Law Amendment Act on the statute book any longer , and from continuing to attempt further to carry out its provisions . He wouid now beg to move that it be an instruction to the committee to introduce a clause into ihe Bill to repeal the Poor Law Amendment Act
General Johnson seconded the motion . He had no ¦ wish to go back to the old law ,, but tso long as unconstitutional powers Were vested in the Commissioners , ho should take every opportunity of expressing his disapprobation of the present system . In the manufacturing districts the Poor Law Amendment Act was totally ineffioieut in affording the means of relivf . It would sometimes happen that 1 , 000 or 2 , 500 persons would be thrown out of employment in a single week or even a single day . How were these persons to be relieved in the workhouse ? He might be told that the poor man would make provision against misfortunes . But how was it possible for a man earning 8 s . or Ss . a weekscarcely enough to provide himself and family in foodto lay by meney , or to provide against misfortune ? What be wanted to see was a power given to the local authorities to give such relief as the nature of the case might require .
The Honse then divided , when the numbers were—For the motion 9 Againstit 155 Majority against the motion ... 14 & The House went into committee-Clauses 6 , 7 , and 8 were agreed to . Claused was postponed . On the 1 Oth clause , which provided for the combination of parishes and unions , for the purposes of establishing infant schools and lunatic wards . Mr . B . Wood proposed an amendment , to the effect that no such unions , for the purposes of schools , should take place , except with the consent of the majority of the boards ot guardians of each « f the parishes proposed to be united . A debate ensaed , in the course of which Mr . HJtWES said that the clergy of the established church were to blame for sbowiog a disposition not to give their services to tie workhouses , unless they were paid for it .
This raised a new point—as to propriety o * having the children in those unions educated in the tenets of the established ehtireh , Lord Stanley insisting that , as far as regarded illegitimate children in workhouses , they couW enly be considered as children of the state , and had a right to be educated without any interference whatever from the mother ; and that with reapeet to all children in Workhouses , if educated by the State , ft was only iiRht tbat they should be educated in the religion of the state . On the other hand , Lord J&HP RusskM . thought it very likely that the dissenters , u rate-payers , would object t # having all children educated in the religion of the establishment Mr . CoLQUHOHif , in reply to Mr . Hawes , quoted the report of the assistant Poor Liw Commissioners respecting the training of pauper children , which showed that the < dergy , in almost every onion , had lent their serricei gratuitously to promote the good management ef th « schools in the workhouses .
Sir R . Peil was of opinion , that if the children of the poor were to be educated by the State , they should be , « duc » ted in the religion of the Established . Church The amendment before the House was technleal , and they had somewhat irregularly got into this discussion , bvt as they had been led into the- discussion , he roust say that the education given should not be merely secular . It should be a religious education , aadinrhe religion of the State . He must s » y he was not quite so clear as his Noble Friend ( Lord Stanley ) upon the propriety of taking » way all power of interference from the mother of an illegitimate cblld . A woman might be seduced , an 4 it did seem bard tbat sh » must sacrifice her oaly comfort , and give np he * child altogether , ia order to procuse for it tbe benefit of education . ' J
Mr . LaKGDAle had no . objection tikat a chaplain should fce appointed to th # se workhomwea , biit he dissented < iom the doctrine that because aa orphan might become a child ot the « t » J « , that th » state had , therefore , a right to its soul as well as it * body . He conlct not allow that because a child migki thus be throws upon tha workhouse it would be fbned to adopt tb& eitaUished religion , no matter what might be the reli gion of its parents , c * how well versed it might fee la the tenets of its ow > religion , or however unwilling to abandon them . Be never could support the establish ment of a school in -which tha fint principles of tolera tion wert to be sacrificed . ' Sir R . Peel said he had laid down a general pr ! r > ciple without laying down its exceptions , but he certainly should not force upon any child a religion in opposition to th « wishes £ any of its natural guardians . . ,
On a division the amendment was carried by a majority of 172 to 108 . The Chairman soon after reported progress and obtained leave to ait again . Lord J . Ki'SSElL said that he would not seek priority for the committee to-morrow , nor w « nld he bring it on at all if th » other business Teat teyond bjOf-pwt eight o'doek *
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THE NORTHERN STAR . 3
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 3, 1841, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct700/page/3/
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