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«,nvTERRE ON THE SOCIAL POWER OF S^^ tS MIDDLE CLASSES.
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IiEEDS.—A lleoed Robbeky.—Last week, a man named William Arniistead, a farm servant in
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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«,Nvterre On The Social Power Of S^^ Ts Middle Classes.
« , nvTERRE ON THE SOCIAL POWER OF S ^^ tS MIDDLE CLASSES .
( Being a letter to » friend in Edinburgh . ) Lancaster Castle , ' March 18 th , 1841 . WT dkaR M . -I hvn just rented your long Ji ^ tog letter of the 15 fch , bat before I no ^ e the Sit allow me to remme my former Bttbjew that S ^ a W ally nndewfand o * w Mother » to tbe obstacles " C re to combat , and which mast be overcome before USi hire have the slightest chaose of being able to J ^ remedy for the evils we complain ot * Tua in my list , that , enormous u i » the -osurped l a of the middle classes through the orgaaisatiOT ?»« Go vernment , it i * as nothing in compexiaon with iL >» ow £ r they hold in Tirtoe of the extetinf orgaabatnat taeir social
¦ of s » aety : —in otnex vroraa , ^ -r js far greater than even their governmental * ° wer Indeed , the latter is bat a consequence of the f ^ ' tbongb in this , as in many other cases , the IS * bM so fearfully aggravated the cause as- to be SEamistikfn for it ; and , in truth , viewing society » s H « Ai now in Britain , we may well be excused for toab&ig * & < & » "S" 186 ^ which effect ; seeing that STiTo sorts of power operate upon each other with ^ jvstem&tie reciprocity th \ t every increase of the uSj io-ffer is followed by an increase of-the govern * " *^ j % Knper , aad every increase of the governmental wToGrrtsponfl'ing increase of the social- By the social noTer of the middle classes 1 mean , of course , the-£ Lff * iey an bring to bear on the Body Politic by IL jbs of ibeir wealth , position , and functions as memwTof = ociety . Thi * species of power they had already
—massed to an enormous extent , before the passing of Sfl fcfjnn Act ; t which , indeed , was but a natural ^ se quence of that power , ; but , haying obtained a tssI jocose * f governmental power through that act , they tare uied tie power so acquired to augment their « al powtr , as they had before used the social to j-men ; the gsvemmental . Witoeas the relaxation of eto nsciy l »» s ; the infamous Kew Poor Law Act ; the japneEtinan of the funded debt ; and the numerous srihrev Acts they hare got passed , in virtue of whkh £ >« la-re tcmed the public highway ! into private merry aad already in-rested more than sixty millions
rf " capitil , " with a prospect of sooner or later getting to per cent on the whole , besides other advantajea , jtaBihereM the Corporation "Befoun - Ac *; the » ct rf ! 885 , twhkh maies Bank of England notes a legal fcjjjer tiy country bankers , ) and divers other acts of jnopaatiTely minor importance , finch as toe act for ttnwinf cpe 11 the trade with India , Ac I might cite lfl ggse , and Tarious other sets , every one of which m intended , and does actually tend , to augment the jooilpoTET of the middle classes . Bat the truth is , Bj freed , test eTery governmental measure passed Juris the aaspioa of cur " reformed " Parliament Las fiat tested ?; aod so it it is needless to specify paifeclar measures . Do you just take a glauca ai the DHBdpal statutes of the last nine years , and niixk their
ipenSon npojj the interest of tee middle classes . Ton iHi fed one ad giving them a more complete monopoly d fee newspaper press than they ever had beforepother g iving th » m cheap postage—another extending fte ir pover orer tne effects of poor debtors—another aabliBjtbem ( by summary process ) to recover small aefca by iEs&lments , and , in default of payment , to inprison for erery instalment—another giving increased hijtads to their usurious practise * , by extending to all KD » what vas befpre iimi ' . ed to bills not exceeding ftree nwnthi' date;—another enabling country bankers to give them increased facilities " ( that is , to disc oust sore freely and cheaply for thsm )—by being protected fern ash payments on demand—other acts opening op to them " iriih fitMs and pastures new for the
lucrafer ? iETEstment of their " capital ; " that is to say , etabliEg item to conrert stagnant pools of fictitious TOlth— 'for such is the true character of their ragmese ? , sad scrip , snd " seearity" capitaJ )—into per-^ rnM streams of real aDd solid wealth . Of this iteicter and tendency are all parliamentary acts which BEpower cempanies to make railways , canals , bridges , cr £ * her pnblic works ; as wsll as those which enable psn&es to mortgage the poor's rates , or which augment the TKiblie debt timber by antborisia ? new loans , or the frmArar of exeiequtr t-jIJs , The object of all such acts k , to easMe the nch middle classes to practise usury oe i bt % a solx 9 , scd in a more secure way , than they Otherwise ojuld . By ensbiiag * . hem to CeriTe iEtermi lable siCTities from dtfliiite capitsl ( while they still
ptoerve the capital entire , or mayhap augment its niae in the « toci market ) the law puts ¦ Usem on an eqnil { oo&tg with the lords of the soil White on this Kfcjecikt me remark , that here we haTe the true origti of do ; £ » tianal debt , and of all the national debts that err . is tie world . These debts were not caused ( as BBBlftoilS imngingi by fcXtraT 3 |^ nt wars or profligate BfcBca *; bus were inTented for the purpose of eno ^ n ; money capitalists to derive the same adTanbj » from their money that the lords of the soil da bom rtal estate ; and the wars were got cp to furnish pretext far borrowing , so that , instead of the debt feeing the cotaequense of wars , royal iXtraT&s&jice , fee . these -were bnt couaeqnenees tf a predisposition te cafe
& £ ( itba , whkb woald b * Te been created equally * 2 iioat the wars u with them . It was the capitalists ' interest that there should be national debts ; and it is ilr * y # ti 2 interest of aristocratic governments to bornv ; partly because they have all the spending of the BaMv fiiilethty haTe none ot it to pay , ( they iea-re ¦ &epeop ' .= to do tfcat , j and partly because the establisbmeni of s money aristocracy " * ras necessary to the protectbn of the landed aristocracy , ,-who would , long ago , hsre lost their usurped dominion over the soil , but for the sid of xhe fundlords , ana other descriptioas of ircrer * , who , being as notorious robb « rs as the l » cdktfii themselves , are equally interested in proscribing tbesjTeragctvof the people . If you doubt thii ter-« ioa of tie matter look ai . the fact that the debts of
• ray ctfcsr Enropean State , as well as our own , * have iamaseii since the general peace of 1815 . See France at tha moment mgmtnting ber debt ¦ nnoer tiie preteMeef " public works "—see tb © States of America piting np ' internal improyements" for the like pur-$ <* e—see the American Whig papers lamenting that tbsre is cot a General or United States Debt , as well as « aldeb- -s for each independent State . If ail this does not « Usfj 70 a , tten taie up Blackstone and M'Cnlloch , Ousy oc = of ournic-dern political economists , and yon JQ £ nl that they , one and all , corgider a national owi b be a r ^ tiona ! Llessi&g , ( proTided it be not too s ^ i ; that is , provided tha interest of it can be wrong from tic pecpk without the risk of rebellion or a blow * p , * zd ua . t tbej all attribute no small share of Ensaixi ' s " aarjvilled prospsrity as a taUon" to bcr laticial debt and tie " good faith" she has always MKrre-A towards the " public creditor . ' * Credat Jxdeu Apdin 1
Bui I biTe stiajed from my subject . In referring to &e ^¦ jhion of tie lag ; nuie yeais , I only wished tv Kit * tha t u . e middle cJ&sses have employed the goTernceatalpo-wer conferred on them by the Reform Act to ttcrt « e their social power , at the txpence of the social t ^ forj of the people ; just is they hai before em-|« 9 p ' . L and do stiil employ , their social to increase ' ^ szz ? 5 ^ cmnii : ntal jr-ower at the expeuce cf the political ^• a rf tie Kdd peiple . All the acts above alluded » caTe a dL-ect tendency to increase the middlt-class *» ¦ £ -s-aJth , and his p-j-wer over the labourer ; i . e . to * ° | E -at : is social power ; and , in proportion as this £ >» er ka-eagsi , yoa will find him employing it to f cg-ait bit EovemmeiiW pqwei , both in and out of frap ^ s- ETery increase of his wealth ( wrui ;? as the
, ?« | & ^ -ii half-starved labourer , j will bring with it pcrewtd caa ^ sr to the possessor , and , consequently , ^ a *« d necfccsity for coercion sets , spies , and armed « si * Ejtes to ptouct it Eecce the new Rural Police ; j ™* _" £ e Jtrarly Lamentation of onr -miliiary force ; ~*~ : iL - < Jem » na for lO . et'O additional iroc-ps tor this ^^' -r ^ a . lMl . The Bn . jMon Gazelle , upen whos * wtiomj 1 Rate this fact , informs us that the marines ^*> '•« be increased , &nd th- j -k ships put in com-^ t a- ADd think not , my friend , that these smg-¦ ^¦ a ^ : 'S 3 of the pnblie force , are oiring to the warlHt e « raue af our conrinential neighbours , or made for tb « Z ~ " " r ^ wection of " our coloaial possessioni , " " naval
1 tjr ^ ae 7 ' " - ^ ying Whig aad Tory papers may £ !*/ ' " * * ' cf « ' . bnt tb . 9 true version is a ruih' ^ t ervtinalKn m fhe pirt of onr tipper and middle-~» T * Urt io ktfp do ! nj ih £ ^ evvxra £ v Of Great Britain : w & umiiai cause are owing the late augmentations r ~* B the land ar . d mariEe forces of most of tbe con-^ W sates . Fur , be assured , that tbe Eime demd-^ - « fjin t which is at work bere to overthrow CB , ! iBVXif&fct Jnstitntions , is also at work in France , jj" *" ? ' I ' J ^ y , and in £ » et all over Enrope , to over-5 jni ? f wistwretic im . titntions . Indeed , I kepw . »» « a fact asrtsards France and Gernuny , asd I jn-id a ? ° tiia t &e prJncipIet of Cnartism are exten-» . "Wwn in « Dain . Ttalv . btiJ othpr Enrrroean
JT ™ Swme of the best and most enlightened j ^* and soeial Rcfonnera I bare ever ir ^* ws-re Spaniards and Poles ; some of " ^ now resident in London . In fact , nothing but g ^ ffai Enrope&n war can prevent a breaking up of « W p 6 " 4 ^^ -swaal organization of society thrvugh-• ^ srepe ; ana , ^ ttie anti-social and aristocratic r ~ ° J"e has made greater ravages in Ecgiacd than g *^ re else , xhs greatest efforts will be made by the u J-Tus acrt cajitalisti cf tiiis country , not only to ^ p ihfe -K-ar , - but to make it more bloody and det ^ . " ^ tL&a » ny former war , in order , if possible , to C 3 ^ Y " dfcm ° cfacy of Europe in the carnage . In *^> t an d Shropshire , at this moment , tbe landlords * R t aS * ieaEe * to ereiy farmer , wto trill not en-^ ra oe a caTalry man , or to supply one in case of « s mu , to tfce disgrace of the middle class farmers , ^* re but too ready ( 1 am told ) to enter into the rp" ^* h * micioAi Tie ^ j . A prettT state of society £ t e ? r ^ . ^ ^ Jand , when erery farmer , or 511 676
^ nvur" ^? ^ * " ° * ^ tingdom , to act ^ ^ Mitm bludgeon-men at the beck of the middle ^^' d tZT - right ' Porf « Uy right , in making up ^• sa lor America . Great numbers , I am told , are J £ " « o& every month from the neighbourhood of tocT" eaton » "d Bradford . My informant it a . ^ wlf ^ f £ ? ' 1 rl 10 ciU * d hCTe yesterday , with *« Shit P * ^ P » 7 bis « schoolmaster a bie-™ it A aaaU Legscy has just falkn to him
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«** Imt T ^ M wdl M oar own « " be » Tl 8 e . though * tifeif " nomi aaUy less now than at the close g ^ war , itu in reality ! gre * ier , owing to tbe depre" ™^ nent upon tiig ami other causes .
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through his wife , and , like a prudent man , he is about to take it with him to the other side of the Atlantic , well knowing that if he remains bwe , it wonld « wn get into tbe hands of landlords , usurers , lawyers , and tax-ea . ter » . I waa grieved to see one of my old disciples thua obliged to leave his native land in quest of tbe right of free existence , but I oooid not , and , of course , did not , blame him , " under tbe circumstances . A man , having a wife and family dependent upon him , is morally bound to do the best be can for them , consistent with maintaining his principles and his honour ; and , therefore , so far from blaming my countryman and disciple , O'Borke , for betaking himself to the land of Democracy , I highly approve of his conduct ; though , I confess , I * hould not do so , if I saw his brother Chartists , or rather the working people of England
generally , taxing proper steps to put an end to the despotism that is destroying the country , and driving so many of them to exile . That being , unfortunately , not the case , I think that 0 Rorke , and all who act a similar part , are doing precisely what they ought to do , under present circumstances . While on this subject , let me mention that since I wrote you last , I had a visit from another Manchester man—one of those included in last year ' * batch of indictments , got up by the WLig authorities of that town . This poor fellow has not been able to get a stroke of work for the last tares years , owing to his beiDg a "marked man ! " One OTerseer in a mill had , by chance , employed him , but just as he was going to bis work , in steps the cottonlord , and , walking right np to him , says , " Your name is « oand «»» " "T « s . ~ "Yoa eome from
Manchester ? - " Yes . " "Oh ! that will do ; we don't want yon here ; yoa may go ! " So there was an end to that job . This poor fellow has latterly depended wholly on the labour of his wife for subsistence . I leave yon to eonosire what must be his feelings when his wife leaves him—an able-bodied man—behind her in bed , to be off at six o ' clock in tbe morning to the accursed factory ; to earn tome seven shillings a week for his and her subsistence ! Talk of imprisonment , indeed ! Why , solitary corflnement is a luxury in comparison with such damnable degradation as this . The man who would tciljulln live on the labour of his wife , is a beirtleu villain , and the man who would not , but must either do so or starve , ( as is this poor fellow ' s
case , ) that roan is more punished by society , for no crime at all , than society has a rigfet to pnniih any man for any cttae—not excepting murder itaeif . Now , this punishment is itflicttd by tbe social power of the middle ela&je *; and , as these classes possess a similar power over almost every other member of the race of labourers , I find myself brought back once more by this digression , to the original purpose of this letter , which was to sh <» w that tie social power of the middle classes is even greater than their governmental power , and that , consequently , it is vain for as to expect any real political or social reform in this country , unless we can put an end to the usurpation of the middle classes .
I have said that by the social power of tbe middle classes , I mean , of course , tbe power they can bring to bear upon the body politic , by means of their wealth , position , and functions , as members of society . This power they hold to a great extent , independently of acts of Parliament ; and is , I assert , greater than their governmental power ; that is , greater than any power they possess , through the organisation of the Government ; and , it would be infinitely greater , if they chose to exercise it on the side of humanity , and the perp '; e . To convince any one of this , I would just Brk the following questions : — 1 st . Doe * tbe artisan er labourer receive a farthing of wzges , save through the middle classes ? And , if he does not . have cot the # e classes something Tery like a power of life or death over the artisan or labourer ?
Smi . Cjld the landlord receive a farthing of rent , save through the middle cla * s * s ? For , were all the far : i , t : rs to combine againat him , what remedy had be , or could he have ? He could have none , for nut a labourer in the kingdom , would raise a hand in support of the landlord's claim . 3 rd . Does not the government receive almost all tbe taxes through the middle classes ! It does ; and if the middle classes were to combine against the payment of taxes , not one labourer or artisan in the kingdom would raise an arm to assist tbe government in collecting them ; and as for the toldiera and police they always go with the purse-holders .
Here , then , is a power of stopping the government at occe ; nay , of annihilating it witf . sut striking a blow ; and this power , mind , is possessed by the middle classes , independently of their representatives in the House « f Commons . Though they hid not a single representative in that House , they would still , as tbe dind payers of almost all tbe taxes , have the power of cutting off tbe supplies . This power the working classes have not , even ' . o tbe eaxalleti extent . They , poor souls , cannot refuse to pay taxes wiihout refusing to eat and drink ; for as the great balk of our taxation is indirect , or mixed up with the prices of the commodities we daily consume , we cannot escape paying the tax without making war upon our five senses , and punishing ourselves even more than We are punished by the tax . Bat it is quite a different
ease with the zaindJe classes . Thf-y pay dtrecUf to the government ,- what we pay only indirectly throujh them . The hop-grower , tbe soap-boiler , the tallowchandler , the maltster , the brewer , the distiller , the tanner , the importing merchant , &C , these are tfce lads that can pnt a stopper upon taxation whenever they like . Now supposing they did like . Supposing that they were to give notice to the working classes to-mprrow , that ofi&r the first of next month ( April ) they would pay no more duties on spirits , malt , hups , toVacso , braDdies , -Bines , leather , soap , fcc ; suppose , I uy , t&ey were to issue tbis notiatt at tbe same time apprising tke working classes that their object was two-fold : one , to enable them to get everything for half the money they pay now ; the other , to induce fee government , by the moral power of " passive resistance , " to niako Universal Suffrage tho fundamental
Uw ' of the land . Suppose , again , the abovt section cf the middle classes to issue such notice , and all the ot&er sections of tbe middle classes to issue a manifesto approving cf the same , and inviting all loyal tuhjecta to nse their influence witli the Crown and Parliament , to induce th . m to join in the new " Holy Alliance . "Suppose , farther , the middle clashes , at tbe saint tiuie , t o suspend the payment of King's taxes , which are direct , ani tbe great bulk of which is obtained from thtm . Just , I say , suppose all this ; land , mind , it io all as easy for the middle classes to do—and a vast deai easier—as to become cavalry men , act as special coEstablfes , measure ant cheese and skilly to unfortunate paupers , &c ); and what , I ask , would become of tbe fexchtquer ? Would not tbe aristeciacy and the government have to iorrender without a biow on either side ?
You see , tbtn , my friend , that our destinies are altogether rat present ) in tho hands of th « middle classes . With governmental power or rcilhout it they have it alTrays in tbeir power to obtain justice for us whenever they like ; and more than justice the WuTking classes have never asked . Indeed , they wtuld be conUnt with less ; for the most thoroughgoing o ! us have never ssfced more than security for tf , e future , though we are eqnal ' y -well « r , tilled to iniemnilyfor the post Seeing , then , that the middle classes Lave politically ias I ba-re before shown ) and socially the power to
refirets all our wrongs , and seeing that , instead of doing so tlie-y have ustd ( and still use ) both tLeir sl * cLu 1 and political power to render our position more and more helpless and degraded ev = ry year ; what other inference can vre dni-w from their condnct than that they are our most implacable enemits ? And what other resolve ought the oppressed classes to come to than a resolve to band themselves together as one man against tbe common oppressor , and never to relax their efforts until they havb hnmb ' od his power in tbe dnst and raised up tfce fabric of their own independence on its ruins .
" Bat a portion of the middle classes , " you say , are friendly to the working classes , and why not unite with them ? My an 3 Wtr to this , as -well as to other points of ycrar letter , I um&t reserva till & future Cfemmunication , and meanwhile beg to reminft you of what I said on a former occasion , viz . that if there be a portion of the middle classes really friendly to us , they will unite witb bj , instead of asking us to uniuj with them . We want nothing but what is just and righteous . We want to invade no man ' s rights—no man ' s property—no man ' * peace or liberty . We want only equal jastica and equal protection from the law with our oppressors , so that we may henceforward have the free and unshackled nse of
our bodily and mental faculties , to provide for our own maintenance , and to obtain sacb rant , position , and honours in society as onr private and public worth may ectitle us to in the eyes of our fellow citisena . If tbe portion cf the middle classes which you say is friendly to us , has only these , or tbe like , objects in view , they can have no rational objection to unite With ns . It they have other and different objectsif they nave ol > j « . ct . » in view bottiie to our *—or objects which they dire sot avow , I must , in that case , conclude that they are not friendly—and that , consequently , eur business is to unite affainst , and not xciih them . Yours , 4 c ., James B . O'Bbjeji .
BAKBURT . —On Sunday , tbe 4 th instant , three seraonB vrere preached in tbe Lecture Boom , Banbury , by Mr . Collins , from Birmingham . Scores wer « obliged to go away for want of room . —Mr . C . lectured on Political Economy , in the Theatre , on the Monday evening , and was well received . The caure is gaining ground in this place ; many who have stood aiocf are sow beginning to hare their eye * opened .
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Worcester . —At a meeting of tho Chartists held on the 12 th inst ., it waa resolved , " That we look With suspicion on the leaders of the Christian Chartiit Church of Birmingham , &c , believing they are striving to promote their own individual interest and middle class approbation , who have always proved themselves the bitterest enemies of the working classes ; we are determined not to give any countenance or support to that party a 3 they do not belong to the National Charter Association . " " That w « hereby protest against Mr . Collins being elected a Delegate to the Petition Convention , foe tno reasons above . "
Bradford . —The Chartists of Wapping held their usual weekly meeting on Monday evening , At the house of Mr . R . Corrodus , North Tavern , Northstreet . Several sums were collected for the Convention , and petition sheets delivered out for signature . All is activity and zeal in Wapping ; a deputation from Idle received sheets for signature and promised to have them filled spedily . The meeting adjourned to Monday next at seven o ' clock . LOUGHBOROOQH . —A . t a publio meeting held at the Charter Hotel , on the 22 od March , Mr . John Skevington was eleoced as a fit person to be delegated to the Petitioa Convention about to meet in London .
TCTrtESS . —At a meeting of Delegates for the Counties of Devon and Cornwall , held here on Sunday last , for the purpose of appointing a lecturer for the above counties , the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : — " That this meeting considers it highly desirable that * lecturer should be appointed for the counties of Devon and Cornwall . " " That this meeting considers Mr . Henry Vinoent to be a fit and proper person to be appointed as lecturer , and that a communication should be opened with him on that subject . " " That Mr . John Horswili , one of tho Delegates for Plymouth , be appointed to communicate vrith Mr . Vincent respecting the terms , &c , and to state the result to the other Delegates . " " That in tha event of Mr . Vincent ' s being enable to comply with the request , that each Delegate do write to Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., stating the weekly sum the counties could devote towards the payment of a lecturer , and to request him to use his influence to procure an efficient person .
WHITE AB 3 EY . —The Chartists of White Abbey met on Sunday , at their meeting room . Tbe letter of H . Burnetto Feargug O'Conuor was read , which called forth severe animadversions , and a resolution passed to institute an inquiry regarding the meeting of the 24 th instant , empowering Mr . Eiley to demand an explanation . Petition sheets are rapidly filling , which looks well for the Charter . ISAM NIK SHAM . —The Chartists of this place have changed their time of meeting from Monday to Sunday , at ten o ' clock ia the morning . SAWIiEY—Mr . Bairstow delivered a lecture last Saturday evening . " SSBBT . —Ob Sunday evening last , an immense body of tho working and middle clisses assembled in the Maiket-placc , to hear Mr . Bairstow , who addressed them for upwards of an hour . The cause is going on right gloriously .
WARWICK . —On Tuesday , the 6 th inst ., Mr . Collins , of Birmingham , gave a lecture , at the theatre in this place , to a large audience , the subject being "Tho intimate -connection between Chartism and Christianity . " The Mayor was applied to ior the nse of the Court House , by requisition , signed by upwards of fit ' ty inhabitant householders , bnt refused the use of it . NOTTINGHAM . —On Sunday last , a chapel was opened at Arnold , four miles from Nottingham , when sermons wtra preached iu the afternoon by Mr . Barratt , of Nottingham , and at night by Mr . Harrison , of Caiverton , to full congregations of Chartists . On Monday week , we gave the base Whigs another specimen of the power of the working clashes , by returning twenty-three pledged men as Guardians of the Poor for this Union ,
twentylour being the number required . The candidate highest on the list of the late Gaardians , who were for building a new bastile in this place , had only 406 votes ; while the lowest candidate named by the Chartists , as opposed to the new bastile , had 1 , 263 , thus giving a majority of 857 for the lowest candidate named by ( ha Chartists . Mr . H . Vincent gave us a lecture in the Chapel on Monday night , to a highly gratified and overflowing audience . The ladies of Nottingham have kindly presented Mrs . Vincent with a cap , some gloves , and other articles of the manufactures of this place , as a small tokeu of their respect towards her . We elected Mr . James Sweet , of Goose Gate , as our delegate to the London Convention , at a publio meeting held on the 22 ad of March last , in the Chartist Chapel of this place .
IPSWICH . —We have received a letter from the Char lists of this place , stating that a meeting of the trades had been held ; when resolutions had been agreed io , pledging the trades to support the journeymea tailors of Sunderland in their resistance to their tyrannical oppressors . It was also stated that their attention had been first called to the subject by the paragraph in the S ( ar . On Good Friday a meeting in favour of tha Charter was held , when a resolution to that effect was passed , and addresses were delivered by Messrs Micphersou and Booliug .
PONTYFOOJk—The last of the Whig viotims made his appearance here on Thursday , the 8 th of April , from the dungeon of Oakham ; the people of this neighbourhood bare been expecting him for some time , and nothing could exceed the joy manifested by his friends ( he has no enemies but what are sorely ashamed to be thought so ) at his return ing amongst them again ; even Fletcher , the principal evidence against him , runs to Mrts . Sheliard , and proffers the almost friendship by offering himself as Mr . Shellard ' s bail . The magistrates , on this occasion , got a few handbills stuck about , the town , stating that it was intended to havo a procession which was likely to diatnrb the publio peacp , and commanded ail officers of the peaoo to prevent any breach of the peace , and to bring the offenders to justice .
HALIFAX—On Sunday evening last , Mr . Arran delivered a sonl-stirrJDg address , in the Ibartist Room , back of Waterhouse-street , to a numerous and attentive audience . miogley . —Mr . Arran preached at this place on the afternoon of Sunday last , and gave great satisfaction to his hearers . Chartism js assuming a very healthy appearance here , which promises to vie with any other village in the great aud glorious cause of universal liberty . BRIGHTON . —At a meeting of Chartists , held at the Cap of Liberty , on the 7 th instant , resolutions were unanimously passed " That Mr . Flowers do send , the sum of £ 1 to Mrs . O'Brien j" "That 03 . be forwarded to tha Frosi Restoration Fund ; " and " That a petition be got up for the liberation of Mr . Hetheriuiiton . "
tEIceSTER . —The Easter meetiags have been delightful ones , and have tended to augment our strength . Since the new plan of organization was adopted , our local socioiy has been re organized , and , in the formation of rules , an especial regard has been had to providing against discord by the spread of Teetotalism , or other principles among us . Warned fay O'Connor , care has bsen taken by the committee to present such a body of ru ' es to the society as should secure its unity , and yet give perfect liberty for the stated separate meeting of the different sections of it . Twenty-six more have taken the Chartist Teetotal pledge , during the week . T . R . Smait was uomiuated , on Monday last , as our candidate to serve on the Executive Committee .
STRATHAVEN . —The National Petition has b « en tmanimonsly adopted at a publio meeting , held in the West Relief Church , on the 8 th instant . A soiree took place in the evening , when , after a substantial repast , the meeting was addressed by Messrs . Moir and M'Cartney , from Lesmahagow . The addresses were replete with sound reasoning , and were of a mo 3 t effective character . SA 1 TORD . —Mr Clarke , of Manchester , delivered as excellently impressive lecture on Sunday evening . On Monday evening , being Easter , there was a free ball in the Chartist Association Room , corner of Great George ' s-street , within two doors of the Mechanics' Institution ; a dancing class i » held on everv Wednesday and Saturday evening , » t sev « n
o ' clock . On Tuesday evening a lecture was delivered in the Repeal of the Union Reading Room , by a Mr . Robmson , on the Corn Laws . The lecturer admitted discussion , being the first of that party who admitted discussion . The lecture , occupied three quarters of an hour ; at the conclusion ot the lecture Mr . Campbell replied for a qaarter of an hour . He was followed by one of their best men , namely , Mr . Finuigan , and a spirited discussion ensued , iu which Beveral speakers took part . The discussion will be resumed on next Wednesday evening , ut eight o ' clock , when Mr . Campbell intends challer . ging any of them on tbe question . Let but tne t orn Law Repealers but continue to admit discui Aon , and the principles of democracy shall soon send their views to tho " tomb of all the Capalets . "
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ACHTON . —On ^ Friday evening-, April 9 th , in mecordtvnee with announcement by placard , a public < Uaetusloa took pisco in tfce Chartestown C&apei , between Mr . Campbell , the Socialist Missionary , and Mr . Leeen , tbe Chartist Lecturer for South Lancashire , on the relative merits of the doctrines of Socialism and Chartism , In removing the evils that afflict society . Mr . Campbeli opened tbe dlsciualan , by asserting that Socialism ia a panacea for all complaints that afflict the body politic , and that society most be trained by Socialism before it will enjoy happiness and comfort . Mr . Leech commenced by Bbowiag that Socialism is inipnctiosMe with the House of Commons a » ot presen t
coBBtituted—that fit Is erronwms in not holdteg tbe rMponBiWmyofmm He contested that responsibility waanofc acted upon , nor ever had boon , proywly apeaktef , The responsibility , as-aow acted upon , was a one-tfdea thing—one that sqwfsted horribly— -toe people hwttoy no power over tiier law makers . Mr . Campbell said , that Mr . Leach nwsat answerabilitfr , and when &lven from that , he said ? ft was account * . WJity from wMeh he was driven to pfenrentabllity , an * then was compelled to admit the fart , that without responsibility ne- society could be governed , which was fully illustrated by the members of the Socialist Congress being chosen on the principle of Universal Suffrage and Vote by Ballot ,
Tea Pasty to Celebrate tbe Rklbase of Timothy Biggins , Johr Bboadbentv and the Rev . J . R . STEPHENS . —Pursuant to annraocement by placard , tha above tea party was held o » Monday evening , In the Charlestoirn Meeting Boom s Mr . James Mitchell , Mr . CharlesDavies , Mr . John Wright , and Mr . Isaac Armitage . were invited aa gue # t » . The arrangements were such as gave general satisfaction , and reflected groat credit upon the females . Tea being over , Mr . T . Hlgglus rose amid loud cheers and clapping of bands . He said ,. Mr . Chairmna , Ladies , and Gentlemen , it was vita no small gratification to him that he bad once more the opportunity of addressing them . He waa sorry to see the apathy ot the people of Ashton . There was the some tyranny and oppression practised upon them , aa there vrere previous to their
incarceration . He contended that the people must not depend upon strangers or foreigners to do their work , but must do it themselves , if they wish to get their emancipation . ( Cheers . ) The bodily sufferings while in prison , were nothing to the suffering of the mind at seeing the cause for which they had been incarcerated , neglected , and the people divided among themselves . He again warned his bearers against being deluded by men who wish to thrust themselves upon them , declaring what they had undergone for the sake of tbe cause , in order to create sympathy . They must not depend npon tbe middle class to do their work for them , nor those men who go about with black coats upon their backs as though they were independent gentlemen , and when their debts were paid , had not five shillings to spare . He said that we might as soon expect to see or
ask tbe moon for sunshine and the sun for frost , as to ask the present Government for a redress of their grievance ? . He thought the man who made and produced everything good and valuable in society ought to enjoy them . He never believed that God ever comraandtd or ordered such a state of things to exist Mr . Hi $ gins then commented upon the different plans Which lave been put forward for the organisation of tbe people . One plan was agreed upon one day , and the next they were meeting to discuss whether , what was done the day before was legal or not , some base scoundrel comes in before it can be finally put in operation and frustrates their designs . Mr . Higgins condemned tne document put out by Leyett and Collins , and said these individuals were acting in this way because the people would not let them have the disposal of their monies .
This document he called humbug and nonsense , and again said that the people of Asbton must do tlieir own work or tkey would be cheated ; some body must make a beginning ; some plan must be adopted , and he for his part knew no plan half so gooi , half bo likely to bring things about as giving the people political power , whether it was called the Charter or anything else . The people ought to have the bread , clothes , bouses , blankets , end all other necessaries , and , if they were all like him they should have them . ( Cheers . ) Cheering and eloquent speeches were then made by Messrs . Mitchell , Davies , Annitage , Wright , Broodbent , and others , which our space forbids the reporting . Mr . Stephens said , he would give his compliments through the press , if they would allow him , to the Poor Law Commissioners , and tell them they may bring the
Poor Law into Ashton as soon as they like ; and be would Iitewiso send his complimeuts to them , if he could be reported that the bastile would receive no harm . The men of England , from one end to the other , begin to see that it i » now gone too far ; that they will not go for a redress of one single measure , but that they are determined to have a general reckoning . ( Hear and Cheers . ) He had told Uiu Government , thai faA it no * been a wet night at Newport , the people would have been successful . Had it not been a wet night , he would not have been talking to them , Newport would have been taken , and the news would have run like wild fire . Mr . S . s&idthe people were preparing their minds for the worst , for they had come to the conclusion that no tinkering can mend the kettle . He said that rery few working people had nig tied tho petition against the New Poor Law . It was signed by the respectable men and the clergy of the Established Church . Mr .
Stephens spoke very highly of Mr . Fielden , M . P . He considered him the only honeut uiau ia the House-Mr . Stephens , in conclusion , said , that the preceding speakers were hisfriendB , though they were Chartists . He did not wish them either to be Stephenites , O"Connorites , or any other ites , but Englishmen . He then concluded a long and hvHnoious speech , by exhorting the people to hammer away . Mr . John Wright spoke in favour of the late plan of organization . He knew nothing could be done without unity and a proper understanding on the part ot tho people , therefore , he would recommend , the people t « join the Charter Association , and obtain political power . Mr . Wright made a sensible speech in favour of the present organization for tbe Suffrage , and was repeatedly applauded . A vote of thanks was given to the Stockport friends and tbe chairman , and the meeting broke up at a late hour .
DEW 3 QtJRY . —A publio meeting has been lately held in Dewsbury to appoint Surveyors of the Highways for the ensuing year , and to examine the accounts of the Board of Surveyors for the past year , when several very heavy and objectionable payments being found in the accounts , a Coinmitteo wa 9 appointed io attend the Special Sessions at Wakefield , on Monday last , the 11 th of April , to appeal against their being allowed ; bnt the magistrates decided upon allowing all the charges with the exception of £ U 14 s . 9-id expended by the Bosrd at their various meetings for eating and drinking . For taking a part at the public meeting on this question , a poor man , a ratepayer , of the name of Joshua Joy , has been refused any more work by his Whig roaster , Mr . John . France , carpet-manufacturer . So much for Whig Pberality !
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Geheral Council . —Wo have received several letters complaining of tho mis-spelling of names and addresses published in our last . People should always be careful to write the naraea of persons and places clearly and distinctly , or otherwise such mistakes are sure to occur . The comctiona Will doubtless be made by the General Secretary , as the whole list of elected Councillors must be published . For Stockport , the name of Joseph Carter , Johnsireet , was omitted ; and for Manchester , ( Tib-street ) the names of Peter Murray , M'Douall , and James Lee ? h were omitted . We have received also the following nominations which certainly ought to have been sent earlier . For Cardiff , the names are : —
David Jones , cotdwataer , Redland-lane . Benjamin Jones , brass-founder , Marianne-street . George Martyn , ship-wright , Back Wharton-street Edmund Purnatt , tin-p \ ate-woAer , WoTking-street Edward Robins , collier , Sloop-court . William Jones , paper-maker , David-street David Hopkins , shipwright . Tabernacle-court , sub-Treasurer . Edward T . WaddingUn , carver , Frederick-street , sub-Secretary .
BRADFORD . Matthew Sheppard , weaver . Alex . Hackett , woolcombor , Great Horton . Joseph Hirst , do ., Daisy Hill . James Oddy , do ., Dudley Hill . We . Warren , do ., Bowling Back Lane . Oswald Edmondson , do ., Bradford-moor . George Bishop , stonemason , Tbreadneedle-atreet R . White , news agent , Fawcefs-rtw . Matthew Koowles . woolconiber , Wapping . do
Thomas Carrodua , do . . Robert Rom . do . New Lead * Jonathan Heaton , do . Little Hortou Green . Win . Riley , do ., White Abbey . Howartb . Halgh , do . do . Henry Hartley , do . Georgo ' s-street Win . Holioyd , -weave * , HeAget G * e » n-Sibson Townend , painter , Providence-sweet Wm . Barrows , weaver , sab-Treasurer . W . Smith , cordwsiner , Houses , ManohB » ter-ioad , sob-Sewetary .
BOLTON . John Sullivan , shoemaker , Gieat Mooi-rtreet "Wm . I * ee , -weaver , Moot Xane . James Vcce , carter , Lottery-row . Poter Crook , ensineer , Dean-street . Jt > hn Garner , carder , Smith-street John Murray , spinner , Hotel-street . sub-Secietary
Mottram
MOTTRAM
John ' Campbell , Hollingworth , calico printer . John M'Elvy , Movtram , do . James Tbacker , do . £ <>• ' Isaac Sanderson , W « tt > ' Bridge , spinner . Job Hall , Hurst ' s CresWttw * . dyer . Joseph Hall , Mottram , do , Wm . Milnes , da , stonemasxw . Wffl . Wildgoose , da , dyer , sab * . Secretary . Wm . HaniaoB , do ., caUco-printe * .- Bub-Treasuro
HWDDERSFIELD , James GleadhiU , weaver . Lower HOUS * . * - Robert Jones , tailor , Thomas-street . Andrew Emmerson , blockprinter , Ae ^ iey . Robert Peel , do . do . do . Josh * - Rashwortb , Dyke End . John Leech , shopman , Shore Head . . Wm . { Sellers , tailor , Upperhead Row . Thomas Gallimere , oplnner , Longroyd Bridge-Edward Clayton , tailor , Townend Row , Bufrfte # eretary-Join . Bray , grocer , Ur » erhead Row . sub-Treasurer .
i BRADFORD , ( WILTS . ) Isaac Gardes , weaver . Rueben NiAvtt , do . Jonathan Carrier , do . George Holbrwok , dyermaA . Charles Borto *» , baker . Wm . Otrage , shoemaker . John Howell , carpenter . Jofcn Hasswell , nbomnaker . Jofen Smith , weaver , sab-Treaeorer . 8 T . ' »» BcaAS , ( ue » w > v . ) To those already ncminated for St Pancras , add Robert Marley , 31 ,. Charles-street , Hampstead Boad , and alter the name of Mr . Ferb to Mr . Feme .
MIDDLETON . Robert Ward , ¦ weaver . Thomas Wild , do . Joseph Monrille , do . John Beswick , do . Edmund Fallows , do ., snb-Secretary . Edmund Whitworth , warehouseman , sub-Treasurer
ROCHDALE . Wm . Bake , news agent , Richmond-street . Ed . Hanson , Castle-street Wm . Mills , Prake-street John Buckley , hatter , Church-lane . John Woolferden , weaver , Moss . Abraham Greenwood , woolsorter , LHtlewood . Edmund Cropper , weaver , Blacfcwater , suWecre tary . John Ashworth , tailor , Burkcroft , sub-Treasurer .
WAJfDSWORTH , John Harris , Love-lane . Wm . Croft , Jaines ' s-place . Thomas Howitt , do , ' Robert Wentworth , Point Pleasant . Jonathan Fox , Frogmore . Thomas Dolling , High-street , sub-Secretary . John Brittle , Bell-lane , sub-Treasurer . The list for Gloucester we shall not venture to publish . Jt is so written that it is impossible to read it without ; liability to error .
All parties who can make it convenient to remit their debts to Mr . Abel Heywood , bookseller , Oldham . street , Manchester , would greatly oblige the Provisional Executive , and at the same time promote the chose , because It is of no use having an Executive at all , unless you place them in a position to advocate your rights .
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MR . E . BROWN , BIRMINGHAM . Mr . Editor;—By inserting the following in your Star of Saturday next , you will oblige the under ' signed . Mrs . E . Bbown ' s , Support Fund , Birmingham . We the undersigned members of the above committea , reel it to be our duty to make the following protest public , viz : — That tbe leaders or preachers of tho Christian Church meeting in Newhall street , Birmingham , have acted moat unfair , unmanly , and unchristianlike , and calculated to injure the funds , and con *
sequentlythe family of Mr . E . Brown , by affixing hiB natno to the" Secret Move" party , and we feel confident that such signature must have been obtained by party statement , misrepresentation , &o ., &c . We strongly call into question the sincerity of that man who would swell nis own lists at the expence of any Chartist victim , who cannot possibly know anjrtiilnA of ihc prooont existing circumstances oat of his prison , aud must give his name through the party statement and recommendation of the person making such application .
From the triflng amount that has come in lately , and from verbal statements made , we are assured that the best of Brown ' s collectors are , at this time , agaJnpt tho "Secret More" party , and we further state , so satisfied arc some of them , of the intentions of tho secret party , that they have signified their intentions of abstaining from meetiug with us so long as we meet in onr present committee room . Tisis , we trust , they fwill not persevere in , after we stato our reasons for changing oar committee room , which reasons , wo hope , will recall aomo of our Chartist friends to their former duty .
It is well known we rented and paid for the room w » occapied in Moor-street . The Newhall-street party offered their school-room gratuitously ; no reasonable objection at that time was seen , and consequently their offer was accepted . We do hope that the good Chartists , who have so nobly dono their duty since Mr . Brown ' s incarceration , will not desert him for party sake . No ; let it not bo said , that you who have kept from starvation , tho seven small children of that innocent victim , E . Brown—let it not bo said , again we repeat , that y ou forsook his helpless family on the eve of his liberation . Rally to tho committee . The time will soon arrive when Mr . Brown will be out to answer for hims ' clf , and whatever may be his future actions ,
let it not D 8 said that tho Birmingham Chartists forgoS their duty to a brother victim . We wish to- be understood as having no party motive in this protest ; wo stand as part of Mr Brown ' s Committee , and wo feel confluent that th name of Mr . B . being affixed to ' . tho "New Move ment , " will , without the least doubt , injure him i thiatown . For his family alone , and for their interest , we fcol it to be our duty to make this public announcement . In conclusion , we do assert that without the members of Mrs . Brown ' s Support Fnnd Committee do atteridjour funds must fall short . We know of monies we have lost since meeting iu Newh&llstreet , in consequence of not being able to form a quorom , part of our committee being engaged in the lecture up stairs , and the other part staying away altogether .
Again wo most sincerely call npon all good Gh » tista to make one more b > ld effort to raise a fuuii not only to maintain his family , but to rivo him a liule start on his liberation ; ( he time is but short now , aad we assert it to bo tho duty of all those who took part with him in his agitation , to assist his family during his incarceration ; therefore , rally to the committee ; and , if you aro Christian or Chartist , bo on tho side of humanity—recollecting thai Mr . Brown ' s incarceration waa for his advor eating tho rights of the people . We remain , In tho cause of Democracy , ( Signed ) Samuel Davies , late Secretary to the Radical Association . George Richardson . ClUttlES BETTAM . David Forra , Secretary to Brown ' s Committee . P . S . In the original , each has signed hia name , which Mr . White shall see , and have it , if required . The above is a correct copy .
Iieeds.—A Lleoed Robbeky.—Last Week, A Man Named William Arniistead, A Farm Servant In
IiEEDS . —A lleoed Robbeky . —Last week , a man named William Arniistead , a farm servant in
the employ of Mr . Paver , of Peckfield , was sent ^ to Leeds fortnight fair with some beasts to Bell . He disposed of them for £ 84 , and with this sum in his possession , all in £ 5 notes , except a three months ' bill for £ 16 6 s . 6 d . he went to several pnbuchoases , and in the course of the evening became intoxicated . From hia own statement , also , it would seem that he had met with some girls in the neighbourhood of Marsh-lane or Yo * k-Bt ?« et , which he could not tell ; he was , however , robbed of all bis money a circumstance of which he declares bis entire himself laid Btoae
ignorance until he found on a - heap on thefcelby road . From the state in which ho was ; he could neither tell how , when , where , nor by whom ho toad been rebbed , and consequently , though information was given to the police , they were left in ignorance both of the numbew of the notea and the banks from whence they weia lRsned , so that they are unable to trace any of the property , or to do » ny thing towards the apprenemuon of the thieves . We hear that Armistead s story is scarcely credited by Mr . Paver . He has , smoe the transaction , absented himself from tta * gentleman ' s employ , and hia conduot , we understajid . M anytking but satisfactory . Mr . Paver : sustains the whole of the serious loss .
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. Ow > TELiows .-On G * # d Friday , tho members Order of Odd Fellows , held their aumversarr at the hoose of Mr . Whitaker , the Britisk Quwn , Quarry Hill , when tbe members tat dowa to a most substantial dinner , and afterwards passed a most agreeable evening . .
EPFkcts op Iwtoxicitiox . —On Saturday last , aa inquest was held at the Court House , before Mr . £ . C . Hopps , deputy coroner , on view of the body of Benjamin Sharp , twenty-four years of » ge , who met with his death under the following very distressing circumstances : —He was a wire-worker , residing at Hunslet with his parents , and on the 6 th instant he went home in a state of iutoxication , when he was persuaded to go to bed ; ho did so , but got up again before his parents had retiredand refused to to
, go bed again . He was very drunk , and hia mother made him a temporary bed on the house floor , and left him asleep . About four o ' clock next morning , the aged couple were awoke by his cries , and on going down stairs they found him on fire . He was very dreadfully burnt , and could give no account of tbe origin of the fire . He had beeu laid as far from the hearth as possible . He was removed to the Inirmary , where he expired on the 8 th . Verdict-Accidental Death "
Awfm , Fatality . —On Saturday morning , an inquest was held at the Court House , before Mr . afopps , deputy coroner , on view of the body of Francis Heseitine , a stone-mason , of Woodhouse . It appeared from the evidence , that the deceased had been drinking at a public-house in Leeds until about five o ' clock on Friday afternoon , from which time thera , waa no trace of him until he was found , .. it an early hour on Saturday morning , by a man going to his work , at the foot of-Saint Peter ' s Hill . The road , branching from Park-lane , runs alontr the
top ox a perpendicular height of six or seven yards , which , is entirely unprotected , and down this the unfoitnna * s ' man appears to have fallen , how or at what honv * * t is not possible to say ; & 3 when found on Satnrd » morning , though alive , he ditd before he got to the infirmary , and was not able even to account for th 9 position ia which he waa discovered . The jury , afu '* bearing the evidence , returned % verdict of ¦'¦ ** AtC'dental death , " accompanying it with a BtroBg expression as to the unprotected state of the road on Sai ' nt Peter ' s Hill , which is private property .
SuiciDE .--On Sattu " d » y evening , an inqnest waa held at the Court Hoosv ' . before Mr . Hopps , deputy coroner , on the body of i' young woman , 24 years of age , named Jane Holbnti V who lived with her brother , an uphoiMerer , in U . 'tack Kockmgham-atreet . Tbe deceased had been in a low way for some time , but on Thursday night retire * I to bed apparently in her usual health and spirit ? . At an early hour on Friday morning , she called heV brother , saying she was not well , and desiring tb » s he would bring her some water . He go * up and p laced Boms water
within het room dow . Between six and seven o ' clock she called him again , and said she wasted some tea , as she was very unwell ; thi 3 also he supplied her with , and fhea sent for tte assistance of two females , as well as for a medical man , on whose arrival it was discovered that she had taken poisoa , and on searching the room a cop wiX discovered which had contained arsenic . Means were made use of to prevent fatal effects , bnt without avail . The jury returned a verdict •* that she destroyed herself during a fit of temporary insanity . "
Ancient Fobestebs . —On Monday last , the members of court Lord Morpeth , No . 189 , of Ancient Foresters , held their anniversary , at the house of Mr . Joseph Lee , the Star and Garter Inn , Call-lane , Leeds . JJpvrarda of 100 officers and brethren partook of a most excellent dinner , which reflected the greatest credit on the worthy host and hostess . The whole party spent a most agreeable evening , at ? d separated highly delighted . This court contains the largest number of members of any in the district . ' Death by Burning . —On Monday , an inquest
was held before John Blackburn , iB = q ., coroner , oa the bod y of a little girl named Sarah Parkinson , ten years ol age , whoee parents reside in Giles-street , York street . The deceased , on the 6 th of March , was sent into the cellar for some coals ; she had a lighted candle with her , whioh , bjr some means , set fire to her pinafore , by which she was so mncb bnrnt as to canse her death on Saturday morning last , after lingering five weeks . Vetdkt , " Accidental death . "
HUUb-Hoir Catholic Guild . —The Council and Members of this body , together with tho members of the Catholic Total Abstinence Society , attended divine service in the Catholic Chapel oa Easter Monday , when High Mass was performed by the Rev . J . Connaty , after which , a sermon was delivered by . the Rev . J . Render , the Chaplain to the Holy Guild . The Rev . Gentleman took his text from John xiii . 35 , "By this etaS ^ ; 11 men know that you are my di&eiplea if ye love * jj $ another . " Tho discourse was pointed and excellent , and was listened to with deep attention . A collection in aid of the funds waa made after mass . After leaving tho chapel , the procession accompanied by a band of music and several banners , proceeded through several of the principal streets iu the suburbs of tbe town , and then returned to the School-room in Canntag-BUeet , where the proceedings terminated .
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The Akmstrong Liveb Pills are recommended as am Anti-bilious medicine , to every sufferer from bilious complaints and indigestios , or from aa inactive liver , aud ar © procurable at all Druggist ? , and at the Northern Star office . It is onl y necessary to see that the stamp has "Dr . John Armstrong ' s Liver Pills" eDgraved on it in white letters , and to let no one put you off with any other pills . N . B . The Pills in the boxes enclosed , in marbled paper , and marked B ., are a very mild aperient , and are particularly and universally praised . They are admirably adapted for sportsmen , agriculturists , men of business , naval and military men ; as they contain no mercury or calomel , and require neither confinement to the house , nor restraint in diet .
Second Edition
SECOND EDITION
THIRTEEN DAYS LATER FROM AMERICA . Liverpool , Thursday Morning . At an early hour this morning tlio Tarolinta , Capt . Smith , arrived from Naw York with papers from that city to the 26 ( h ult ., making her passage in 19 days ; and at ten o ' clock the Caledonia , one of Cunard ' s splendid mail steamers , entered the river with Boston papers of the 1 st and New York of the 31 st . We regret exceedingly to state that by neither of these vessels can " any news whatever of the missing steamship President ba obtained ; it is , therefore , evident
that she cannot have put into-any American port , and the only hope now to be entertained is , that she has run for Bermuda or tho Azores . —The political news by these arrivals is unimportant , and in commercial matters the arrival of news by the Caledonia , with twenty-four days later intelligence from England , had produced a slight improvement in the New York , Philadelphia , and Boston markets . The rate of exchange on England fot the Caledonia stood at 7 a 7 £ per cent , premium , and a fair business done at theso rates . The prices of American Stock coutinued to advance , and United States Bank Shares , 1 | on the 30 tfa .
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FROM LOCKPORT—M'LEOD . Lockport , March 22 . The March term of the court of oyer and terminer for this county should have been held this week , commencing this morning . On the opening of tha court Judge Day ton directed the clerk not to call the Jury , deciding at tho same time not to hold the court , in . consequence of an informality , or rather material error of the clerk , in giving bat Jive , instead ol" si * days' notice of the drawing of the Jury for the term .
M'Leod was arraigned , and pleaded " Not guilty " to the indictment against him . His counsel , Messrs . Gardner aud Bradley , then moved tho court ior two commissions io issue—one for the examination of Mr . Webster , secretary of state , and Mr . Fox , the British minister at Washington ; the other to examine M'Nabb aud others , in Upper Canada . This was granted , with tbe condition that the people might join in the commission . An application waa then made to th © circuit judge to allow a cerrtorari , to remove tho cause from the oyer and terminer to the supreme court , on an affidavit setting forth some © f the circumstances of the offence charged to have been committed , and that difficult and implicated questions of law would arise on the trial . _ _
The counsel asked for time to add an affidavit in relation to the excitement whiohbad existed in the county upon the subject , and the reasons why it waa believed a fair trial could not be had . This . w * a granted , and the Court adjourned over to thejifiernoon , to give an opportunity to serve the writ u allowed . ' ¦ During the intermission , the affidavits wer » prepared , frffiertiorari allowed , and served on the Court iH their going in , in the afternoon . This gives M'Leod ' s counsel an opportunity to more the supreme court to change- the venue to some other
county . , „ , , / The Attorney-General has returned to Washujgtou , and was expected to make a report to the President on the case « f M'Leod to-day . He ia clear in the opinion that M ' Leod will be able to prove an alibi . The trial will take place some time in Bommer or fall . The supreme ©© artmeets here in May , and will the * deterpjine upon the venue . Meantime the whole raaains In statu quo , with the best understanding between the organs of the two Governments at WasbingtQjh—iVew York Morning Herald *
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VOL . IV . ffO . 179 . SATURDAY , APRIL 17 , 1841 . ftW > £ SSf ,, 5 £ ™? '"
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AND LEEDS GENERAL ABYEBTIBER .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 17, 1841, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct702/page/1/
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