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ffiovt fuming ^atrtotg.
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(ghrtgtnal Corregpomrem*.
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SHALL WE DEfeTKOY THE WHIG ASSASSINS OR NOT ?
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£mj>m'al ^ avltament.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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O'BRIEN . THE NORTHERN STAR , THE CONVENTION , AND O'CONNOR ON THE ELECTION QUESTION . York Castle , Jnae 19 , 1841 . Mt Dkab . O'Brikn , —I hare jurt read fonr letters from too , of different dates , in tbe Star of this day , » sd I think you will admit that there is is each a something demanding notice from me . In the discharge of my duty , it shall be my endeavour to preserve my correspondenoe free from any , even the slightest , appearance of controversy . I shall give to it the real stamp of what it is intended to pass for ; an enquiry , by two persons possessed of much public confidence , as to the best means of arriving at an object npon which they are perfectly agreed : such shall be my coarse ; in toe investigation as to the most
profitable use to be made of our present position for the acquirement of the Charter . Before I come to the consideration of that which is the grand quesiion , I most yerj briefly dispose of some extraneous matter with which , here and there , your letters are interlarded . The first passage which I shall notice is the following . You say : —** Oh ! If the Chartist press would but give up their dirty , jealous , personal squabble ? , and for once act an honourable and manly part , how Boon we should see 400 food men and true , ready to take the field and be put in nomination , and beat both factions on eTery hustings , at the approaching elections ! " Now , Enless this is the Ehadow of some coming event , of which I am
wholly and entirely ignorant , I am unconscious of its meaning , as I am ignorant of the object it is intended to ' achieve . There arefeur Chartist papers in Great Britain : the Star , the Scottish Patriot , the Dundee Chronicle and the Perth Cftronick , and never curing their existence has there a line of controversy appeared in one of them , nor has oontro-Tersy been allowed to be kept up between third parties in their columns , lest the very fact should involve the papers in the conflict . From no weekly paper has the Star copied so exteasively as from the Scottish Patriot ; and , in trnth , I had more than onee piqued myself spon the striking difference that marks the unanimity of the present Chartist papers as compared with the deadly war which was early waged , and kept np to the dose , by the two first Radical papers produced by the alteration in the Stamp duties ,- the London Dispatch and the London Mercvrg . They literally ate each other to the tails ;
and did much injury to the cause . Do not suppose , however , that in this contrast which I would have a perfect right to use in answer to your remark , even without qualification ^ that I mean it as any rebuke to yoa . I do not : as you were one of the persons attacked , and had no alternative but to defend , or surrender character and public confidence to the assailants . I use it to prove that there are situations in which those who wish for unanimity , and are sensitive aboat differences ( which do not exist ) may be involuntarily dragged before the public . This portion of the subject I dismiss , congratulating myself that never , in the history of the newspaper press , did so cordial , bo sincere , and unbroken a harmony exist between the journals of any party , as that which now exists between the whole of the Chartist press ; and when we have the satisfaction and advantage of yoar addition to our society , I feel convinced that the increase of family will but cement the union .
The Star is the eldest son of Chartism , but claims no exclusive right under the law of primogeniture . So much for your letter of the 6 th of June . Your letter of thel 2 ih . commences thas : — " MT dear ARTHUR , —I have jnst seen the Northern Star of to-day , and rejoice to find that the Editor , at last , sees the aeeessiiy of acting upon the principle of meeting the enemy in practical style at the general election . H * d be done , or advised , three months ago , what he is now doing and advising , we should have three hundred Chartist candidates now ready te tale the field against both factions , and qualified to represent the people either in the Commons' House , or a another and better House , supported by five-iixths , at least , of the -whole nation . But better late than never l Even now , at the eleventh hour , an effective blow may be struck for the liberties of the people . "
Without at all championiang O Connor , the Star , or the Editor , whose political characters must be inseperable , 1 think I can most satisfactorily prove that you wrote the foregoing paragraph in a moment of thoughtlessness ; while its appearance , however produced , justifies me in recapitulating facts which I would otherwise be deemed egotistical for repeating ; and when one of your powers of memory has se soon forgotten the repeated advice of myself and the Editor upon this subject , I feel warranted at the present moment in jogging less retentive memories by laying a true state of this branch of my policy before tie readers of the Star . In 1835 , 1 essayed to marshal the non-elective in-Inence against the elective power of this country ; and after having detailed my plan of agitation to a large out-door meeting at HudderEfield , one of them asked me how the force e * nld be made available > I answered that my intention was , that when the
lfln-ekctars were prepared , they should , at the next general election , elect by a show of hands , bees who abonld represent themselves in a house in London , called the bee-hive , " if they pleased ; and 1 pledged myself the good sense of the bees would very speedily bring the folly of the drones into contempt . I Eaid Biuch more , but Enffice it now that this was my plan ; and it seemed to Etrike even the most forward of the movement party dumb . This plan was spoken of everywere , and I was called a mad man . I am not aware that the plan ever was hinted at before I broached it at that meeting . It sever was printed before to my knowledge ; nor , up to that time , to the knowledge of any angle man that I cams in contact wiih , and they were many . In fact , if the thonght was born before , it was a Eiill birth ; for not one soul had ever heard of it . Indeed , it caused a sensation in those days , and was a freshness upon the Tery lip of novelty . That was in 1855 .
In 1837 , at the last general election , and before the Star was in existence , I made another tour ; and agaiD , as far as one itinerating den agogue opposed by the whole press could accomplish the object , I strove to accomplish it ; but the public mind was not prepared for the trial . However , always determined to test ray theory by my practice , I went ta Preston , and created a tremendous public feeling for many days before the election ; all at my own expence ; and , without appearing as a suitor for electoral scpport , I went to the hustings and accomplished my object , by getting a show of hands ; thus testing the great and mighty difference between electoral power aiid non-elective influence and feeling . That was in Jsiy , 1837 .
Early in 1839 , I went to Glasgow also at my own expence , for the purpose of working my tBeory into practice , and there also 1 achieved what the Chartists at the time considered as iheir greatest triumph . I go ; the show of hands , and told them that I should bold myself in readiness to obey their comm&nd ? , when tie rest of the country was prepared to cooperate with them . In AHcust cf the same year , I again visited Glasgow , Perth , KiJffiarnock , DuDdpe , Pais ] ey , Renfrewshire , and many other places ; and still enforced the necessiiy of prosecuting this plan .
I then returned to England , and addressed the electors and Eon-eltciors cf the Wen Riding of Yorkshire , both in the Star and at public meetings . 1 toid them that my triump h would end with their election of me by show of hands . When I had ttatared the public mind to a certain extent , I published , on the 21 st of September , a plan for the complete organisation of the county to carry oat the national object ; and from that time to the period of my imprisonment , 1 kept it constantly in public view . This brings me to the immediate consideration of the eenteace in your letter running thus . — " Wad he done or advised , three months a * o , what he is now lifting and advising , we should , " 4 c .
This paragraph insinuates against the Editor of the Star a charge of very serious and capable aeglect of duty , in reference to the matter . I > ates ana facts are , in general , the only advocates I call to my aid against chargeB of omission , « r neglect of public dutJK and as I consider myself rfspossible for every wora of Editorial matter m the Star from which 1 do not publicly express my dissent , J now beg leave to snbmit for your consideration the following published correction of your mistake . The following is from the Star , of the 27 th February , seventeen weeks previc « iBtothepresentiinniber , andfive previous to the period from which you lament the Editor did not start : —
" There is much talk of a dissolution of Parliament , and there can be no harm in being prepared for the » o » t ; but we have strong notions that the unpleasant and increasing diflerencea between Sir Robert Peel and K * party may protraet the eveat Peel is no longer a leader ; ha will , ere losg , becomt a ' cwked tailed toga , ' and we sfcomM noi be a * all surprised to ftsd tte Sight Honourable eestlexnan formiag an alliance * fth a » y party whkh had for U * orjeet the raleate of ihe Ministry from tfe » facga of the Bagpnan . We beg kave to direct attention to the letter from Feargus O"Coanor , published so long ago aa September , 1888 , «* d which werejmblish to-day , thinking that it cantatas an that can be said upon the subject , and a feasible J ** n of action for the Chartists . " Now , surely the Editor need not overdo what I had done to surfeiting 1 further than to keep it before the public .
By wav of following np the recommendation my letter referred to in the above was reprinted from the Star of 21 st September , 1839 ; and , as you ap- , P « r to have forgotten its contents , you wiH find j i * again printed in Borne part of the present j number . ]
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In looking over the Star of the following week , the 6 tn March , I find that my letter bearing more immediately upon the subject of organization , was published in that number ; and , euriou enough , I also find in thai number a congratulatory article from the Editor npon the progress and snanimity of the Chartist press . To that article , which you will find in . the 5 ih page of the Star of the 6 th March , under the head " Chartist Press , " I beg to direct your attention . Now , sorely , you do not expect that the Star of to-day is to be a mere echo of the previous number ! and that , once having laid down a plan it is to be repeated to surfeiting ! And are you not very forgetful yourself in having allowed all these things to eseape your memory }!
WelH but did 1 , or did ihe Editor of the Northern Star , rely upon that being enough ! No ; on the 15 th May , in a letter headed " To be , or not to be , " I again sounded the alarm , and , from my silent cell , tried to rouse the sleeping nation . Fiom that letter I extract the two following passages : — " There is bow but one way of carrying the Charter speedily . A dissolntloa is at hand . Rely upon it that the Whigs will dissolve ; they will not give the Tories a chaiice as long as they can help it Indeed , they have arranged all the dissolution scenery for the performance . They expert great things from the novelties , but they do not know the feeling of the people . However , we shall have a dissolution , that ' s certain . All the odds in favour of a Ministry in office will be tried upon a g « neal election , before the hungry Whiga walk out . "
I then enforce the necessity of exclusive dealing , for the purpose of carrying out my plan , and proceed thus : — " But- you must begin In time . Let the Executive take it up , and send a form of pledge to be printed in the Star , and from the Star to ba reprinted in Blips in every town , and left by tee Committee of the Association in each town , at every shop in the town . This could be done in a day . The expence is nothing . The shock would be electrical . Make bo combinations to injure any person , but combine to serve your friends , and dick to if
I think that is pretty well for one man in prison , and now I refer you to every subsequent number of the Star for a note of the same tune . Could I do more ! What individual at large has done as much ? And , now I ask is it right , ie it fair , is it just , is it prudent , with all these facts—recent facts—staring yon in the face , to charge the Star with neglect of duty , while it has performed the whole duty 1 When you speak of Newcastle and Brighton and their state of preparedness , you must certainly have passed over the Leeds and Yorkshire intelligence . No one rejoices more than 1 do to hear of the state of forwardness of our party in any place ; and when I correct error by adducing facts , illustrative of the position of the immediate neighbourhood of the Star , not aman who knows me will suppose ihat I do so for
the purpose ef making invidious comparisons , or with anj" other view than to render honour to whom honour is due , and to defend myself and the Star against the . charge of neglect of duty . Now , which in this straggle , was the first warriortown armed for the battle ! Leeds ! Leeds ! Leeds !! formerly , rotten Leeds > Hurrah for Leeds ! aye , the men of Leeds had their full number of Chartist candidates in the field , their arrangements perfected , the addresses of their noblecandidates on the walls and in the Star , before any other town in England . Hull had . its Chartist candidate in the field . Bradford had its Chartist candidate , and Halifax had its Chartist candidate , in the person of the manly , upright , and independent Mr . Gully , who will vote for every point of the Charter .
Now , I ask if this proves neglect of duty , or if the tree is not be jndged by its fruit ! What was Leeds in 1832 ! The hot-bed of corruption ; the head quarters , of pure Whiggery , and the stronghold of faction . What Leeds is in 1841 200 , 000 men will declare npon the day of nomination , when Williams and Leech will know whether or not the Star , the Editor , and myself , have neglected onr duty .. From the 15 th of May , to the present moment , both the Editor and myself have been relieved from any personal responsibility which we before incurred ,
by the unanimous recommendation of the late Convention ; and , therefore , although I hold myself individually responsible for every word in the Star and in my own letters , yet might I , if inclined to split hairs , throw the onus of the recommendation upon the Convention . While I give them great credit for their resolution , and which , observe , they say thty had come to after mature consideration , " I shrink not from the avowal that in their address I feel myself perfectly represented . The next two passages which I select frcm your letter of the 14 th , for comment run thus : —
"I am extremely glad to find that the advice given by the Sorihem . Star , lut week , corresponds exactly with the substance of what I have recommended to my friends all over the country . " In the very next paragraph yoa say : — " There is but one part of the Star ' s advice I regret to tee—one from which I dissent in toto , I mean the Editors' recommendation to support Tories against Whigs , ia case the Chartists should not be able to return their own candidate . " In defence of the Star , my reply , and that of the Editor , to the first part of the first paragraph might equally be as follows : —1 rejoice to find that the recommendation of the representatives " of the people , as conveyed in their splendid address , corresponds exactly with the substance of what I have recommended to my party all over the country .
Now , as this question is one of vital importance , not at all to the Star , bnt to the people , let us see whaf you approve of , and what yen dissent from in tlie same paper ef the 12 th June . I have carefully examined all the editorial comments bearing upon the subject , of which there are three . The first concludes thus : — "You are now upon the eve of a great crisis , and what is your exact position ? It is this—Ton are the BALA > ca OF power ! and as such the Political . Lords ¦ who are to farm &at power apon the approaching leasing day . If yon re-let to the "former tenants they trill pay in future as they have paid hitherto ; in blood , in tears , in toil , in sweat , in chains , in persecution , and bondage ; and to them yon mast LET FOR SEYEN YEARS ; while , npon the other hand , if you let to the Tories they become mere TENANTS
AT WILL , AND REMOVABLE AT PLEASURE ; and jseter , steer , never , ess the ' Bloodies" be taught reason , except in the school of adversity , which is kept at the -sign of the bleak side of the Treasury Ilaxht s . - " " Get a honse of Whigs , and , for seven long years wiH they cling to effice and multiply abuse ! Get a house of Tories , and then , but not till then , can Whig courtship of the Chartists be relied upon . Then we shall " T » the amiable , the levely , the heaven-bora Chartists ! So , " Down with the ¦ bloodie * , hurah ! hurrah ! Hurraht-and down with the ' bloodies , ' hurrah . ' " The next nnder the head " Duty of the people at the censing elections , " and which , after stroDg denunciation of the ruling facf . eE , proceeds thus : — " Chartists ! the man who will vote for , and do his utmost to s . cccmpliih the foregoing list of reforms—he is yonr man
" Wherever ,, by fplitting with the Whigs , yon can return your man , do so . Wherever , by splitting vrith the Tents , you can return your man , do eo . " But where-you cannot find a qualified person to start as j our candidate , «« r -whtre , owiDg to your poverty , you dsre" not riEk the cxpenees of a contest , what is then to be done ? " Do what , you were told to do seven years ago by BBOMBBBi . Do what Feabgcs O'CosjfOB has laboured to impressyou with the necessity of doing . Have your candida"tesi elect them by shew of hands , as your veritable repreiencatives ; and leave to God and your own ' resolute hearts the fntcre . "
Now , here you must have mistaken a duty , or rather a course recommended to the non-elective body in the event of not having a candidate of their own ; and you would infer from that that it was at variance wiih the advice elsewhere given to the electors acting under the influence of non-elective pressure . In this I hope to show yon consists your entire error . Yon speak of Chartlpt electors in a sense in which th y do . not exiEt . Yon suppose them to mean electors who , in the event of being left free and with the ballot , would vote for a Chartist candidate in preference to any other ; while I uEe the term in a more general sense , applying it to those , many of whjm would gladly annihilate Chartism , but whose trust would be likely to be properly executed by a dread of an empty till . This h a fatal error which has never yet bees explained , bmt which I shall presently fully expose .
The four paragraphs , above quoted , critically agree with : the advioe in By last letter , to hold the numeric *! strength wholly apart from both factioas ; and the words , " and leave to God and your own resolute hearts the fiture" have reference not to the neutrality of voters , but to the future course of the non-electors ; and the whole gist of that article , and the following one , " The Reckoning Day , " goes , firstly , lo show the absolutenecessi ; y of Whig power being destroyed by the electors ; and , secondly , to show the Becessity of the non-elective influence , in the event of its not being able to transfer the balance of power from the exterior to the interior of St . Stephens , btiug marshaled for the most effective outside resistance to all factions . At least , if the writer had aDy other object in view , he must have taken considerable pains to deceive ; he has not however , deceived me in the least . I must , therefore , confess that I see moBt perfect accordance
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between the Editor and himself , while you fin " matter for approval apd disapproval ia the same number . You close jour letter of the 14 th thus : — " I tell you , Bowman , that the Chartist who votes for a Tory , unless that Tory votes for him , is either a fool or a traitor . Down with both factions , and no distinction , should be our cry . " I quite agree to join in the hue and cry ; but I mast hire the means of catching my thief when I se * him , otherwise Xhe hue and cry , and hiB description , is of little use . Presently , I shall point « ut my reasons for my every advice . You perfectly well know that the legal maxim , u qui facil per aliem facxt per $ e" ( who acts by another acts himself ) , holds good , equally as regards legal princi ple * and political teachers ; and therefore the man , who recommends the course must also be a fool or a traitor .
Now , I shall not retort farther than by presently proving the converse of your proposition . Not one word shall escape me beyond a searching for the trnth . The next paragraph is the first in your postscript to your letter of the 12 th , and which runs thus : — 11 P . 8 . 1 pray yon again , Bowman , to discountenance the policy of voting for Tories , andeiany circumstances 1 unless tohere they coalesce icith the Chartists . The recommendation ef that policy to the Chartist electors , by the Star and by the late Petition Convention , has already done us much mischief ! , It has furnished a handle to our enemies to exasperate the poor deluded Irish ag&inrt us . It has been , in a great measure , the cause of the late deplorable events in Manchester . It has greatly neutralised the good which Mr . O'Connor ' * letter * to O'Malley had unquestionably effected for us in Ireland . *
I feel it due to you , to the Star , to wyfelf , to the Convention ^ to the Irish Chartists , and to the Chartists of Glasgow , to protest in the most unequivocal terms against every sentence , line , and word , in the above ; and , perhaps , the best and most judicious mode of doing bo will be by again calling my advocate , dates and nets , to plead for us all . You must , then , have observed that , ever since Mr . O'Connell found the old Convention , and the English people , and the Star supporting a Repeal
of the Union , he and the Irish press , assumed a more hostile tone against the English Chartists . You must be aware that Mr . O'Connell leoks upon every sincere Repealer as his greatest enemy ; as his monster , which was but intended for an agitating clap-trap . becomesdangeronsinproportionashegrows in strength . Every man of common sense has discovered that ; and now , allow me to place briefly before you the facts which led to a rupture between the English and Irish Chartists , and the blind Irish followers of moonshine .
On Tuesday , the 2 nd of March , now seventeen weeks past , there was a meeting called at the Justiciary Hall in GJasgow , fer the purpose of supporting Lord Morpeth ' s Irish Agitation Bill . The meeting was announced for eight , but the committee if sued tickets to the supporters of the measure to attend at six ; they accordingly did attend , and were admitted by a side door to the amount of some hundreds . Mr . CoJquhoun , by chance , got d » e of those tickets and instantly and properly wmnded the alarm , and mustered the Chartist forces , not for the purpose of opposing the Irish , but , very judiciously , for the purpose of lettiHg the world know that the Glasgow Chartists had not joined in the clap-trap . Well , the Chartists were kept outside , shivering , while , the O'Connellites were privately admitted ; and when I use the words Chartists and O'Cocnellites , I beg yon to understand that among
the Chartists were many Irish Catholics , while among the O'Connelites were many Scotch merchants and traders . Well , when the doors were opened aad the Chartists iound the meeting packed , they naturally became aiegusted and indignant ; and when Dr . Murdoek , the excellent Catholic Bishop , was called to the chair , Mr . Ross ' s appointment to the office was moved as an amendment , which , we are told , was carried . Howe > er , be that as it may , when Bishop Murdoch wa » in the chair , Mr . Colquhoun held up his card of invitation as his title to be heard , when he was most shamefully and brut&Uy treated , and an indiscriminate attack was made upon the Chartists . In proof of the Chartists' innocence it is but fair to state , that many of the assailants ( but none being Chartists ) were punished by the Whig authorities for their conduct .
I regret being compelled to rub this old sore , because the good sense , philosophy , and judgment of tee Right Rev . Dr . Murdoch and of the Chartists , had completely healed the wound andnownota particle of the sore spot is perceptible . But while those who were to live together as neighbours aad friends were thus williDg to sacrifice their apparent differences upon the altar of patriotism , and thereby restore peace and good will , the feud was too great a God-eend for the Devil , who preaches peace and lives apoH diesention ; and consequently , in one of those " patriotic" addresses , manufactured for th «
approbation of the Corn Exchange hirelings , and addressed to the Chartists of Newry , the attack upon Bishop Murdoch is made the most prominent feature , a kind of recruiting sergeant for the enlistment of Catholic prejudice against the English Chartists , being Protestants , and also against the Irish Catholic Chartirts , and from that moment to the present , "Protestant , " "Hanoverian , " "Sassenach , " and "Orangeman " , have been the foolish epithets indiscriminately applied by the Catbolies to their Protestant and Catholic brethren , while struggling for equal liberty for tb . 3 Catholics and themselves '
You may , perhaps , say , " O , this is a mere assertion . " To which 1 would be warranted in replying , " well , it iB assertion against assertion . " But 1 am most providentially in a situation to corroboraie my assertion , not by circumstantial , but by written and direct evidence , and which 1 here subjoin , from Jam . ee O'BrieD , iu refutatioB of the assertion of James Brontene O'Brien . I received the following letter , which bears date 23 rd April ; bear in mind the 23 rd April , long betore the Star , or the Convention , had gaid one word about the course the recommendation of which , yeu fay , led to the ridiculous conduct of ihe Irish in Manchester . Now , bear the date in mind , and here is the let . er , which I received upon the 24 th : — " Manchester , April 23 d , 18 < 1 .
" Sjb , — 1 woDJa be vtry rnuch obliged by your answering me the following questions through the medium of the Star , whether , cs is reported to us Irishmen , that von encouraged the Charti&ts of Giatgow te disturb the meeting that was got up to petition against Lord Stanley ' s DisfranchisementBUl , and infavonr of Lord Morpeth ' s Bill ? Until that is rightly expiaced to us , y < n may rest satisfied that we will rever join you in your wild agitation as lop . g aa we live . We will go heart and hand for the Corn Laws , and will oppose evtry Chartist meeting that takes plsce here , for satisfaction for the insnlt offered to oar respected Roman Catholic Bishop , at the Glasgow meeting . Yes , Sir , by him who wade us , dead or alive , we will get satisfaction of them , the sons of prostitution , for where is there a virtuous
rt . an in England , Sir , none , not one . You are alsoaccuBed of saying that the women of Ireland are greater vagabonds than of England are ; prove it Oh , that you conid be guilty of such a saying ! You are advocating independent principles , and Chartism also , as your followers also are . Why did you not joiu our poor unfortneate conntrymen in Glasgow ? instead of hunting them out of the place they met to petition , they ought to join th * m heart and bacd to get what they are seeking for themselves , that is , the extension of the Suffrage . No , Sir , both yru and tht-m will not allow us our liberty , if jou had it in } our power . ' We will weigh the thing in onr breasts ; for job ha
" I am sorry that you should be lowered in the eyes of your countryisen . " There was a discussion got np in George-street , Salford , on Wednesday last , to difenss the nnrlts of the Cora Laws ; but the * Irishmen asserubltd with an intention of slaying every Chartist who opposed » s . " 1 would wish you should give us some information on these subjects , to see if it would allay the animosity tiiat is in their breasts , for you may depend on it that tbey will disturb every Chartiet meeting that takes place here . We expect to have a meeting in the Corn Exchange , against the Corn Laws ; aDd if the Cl artists come to disturb it there will be four thousand Irishmen killed at least . Never will < &arttem flourish in poor Ireland since the Glasgow fray .
" On Sunday Dtxt , we are to have a meeting to see if you will give any icforniation to ns . I rely on your noble spirit to see if you Ckn eradicate that black spot out of yeur breast . If you do not answer this letter , through the columns of yonr paper , we expect silecca gives eeoeent . "I aa , " Your most obedient countryman , •? James OBrie * . " Now , * hat fay you to that » I answered that letter the very moment 1 received it . 1 enclosed my answer to an Irish Catholic , and requested that he and two others would attend the meeting about to be convened for receiving my answer . I did not tell one of the three the contents of my letter , or of the letter I receiv # d . I did not allow a sibgJe English Chartist to appear in the afitir . My letter charged
U'Unen with being the fabricator « f the folly aboat Irish women , until he should tell hiB author , whom I promised to kick well in his pretence . At to the Glasgow meetiBg I truly stated that I had never heard a word about it , till I saw the result , which I deeply deplored , in the papers . Well , ii inquiry was the object , why not publish my answer f And had I not a pertect right , not hearing a word to the contrary , to suppose that my answer was quite satisfactory , and that all the differences were reconciled . The iact ie , ground of accusation , and not refutation , was the thing hoped for . Tho letter was handed sealed to the chairman , and was read to the meetiag , but neper published . Now , what say you ! And where is the man on earth who can say he ever heard from zne one word about the mad intention
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of my countymen , as expressed by O'Brien , until now dragged from me in defence of the Star , the Convention , and the Chartists » Had I 8 Uf posQd that my Utter vras not satisfactory I should certainly have sent O'Brien ' s to the Executive to pot them upon their gnard . Let me now ask yon what support we could expect from men who declare that they , will support a repeal of the Cora Laws , or any thing , and oppose the Chartists , because the Glasgow parties had a misunderstanding \ Your observation , if believed , would have have done more to injure Chartism , the Star , and the Convention , than if the whole press of England had been using its best endeavour to effect the object . The only difference is , that to the press I would attribute one motive and to yon another . Your motive , I feel convinced was in order to afford an opportunity for healing the wound by a fair exposition of what ttould be said in reply to the slander which , perhaps , was noised abroad , and brought by a correspondent under your notice . Of this I feel certain , because no nan can doubt that the charge , if believed , would at once justify the , Irish for their hostility to the Chartists , would destroy all confidence in the discretion and judgement of the Convention and the Star , and would effectually undo the very thing which tor six years I have zealously laboured to effect , and do the very thing which , for the same period , Daniel O'Connell has endeavoured ,
but in vain , to prevent—a thorough union of the people of both countries . Can I ever sufficiently return thanks to Providence for having preserved O'Brien ' s letter ! for had I no better defence to offer than mere assertion to assertion , public opinioa might have been led astray ; but I have now crushed the calumny in its infancy . I have some curioHS documents , I assure you . I nave , without njgorting to the same means as Fouche for acquiring it , jnst as minute information about the plots of . the great as he had . I have had many communications from servants of ministers , Noble Lords , M . P's ., Bight Reverend Fathers in God , and others , and fro * Chartist soldiers , much of whish I turned to good account .
I shall notice one , and only one more passage . In your letter of the 14 th , you say : — "And as to the new hocus pocus policy of promoting Chartism fey inundating the next House of Commons with Toryism , I cannot find language capable of expressing my contempt for it O'Connor is certainly mad , if he imagines it ; for I am certain be could never swallow such a gross lump of Cobbettism in a moment of sober reflection . It is contrary to all his forinet recorded opinions , and utterly at variance with the policy he so ably and manfully followed up against the Liberator anil Champion . "
Here I fully agree in the assertion that O'Connor muBt be mad , if he imagines such a thing even possible ; but the man who would affect to suppose that I did imagine such a result possible , or who would lead otters to suppose that I bo imagined , must have read that portion of my letter to very little purpose . I do not repeat " mad" "fool" ' « traitor , " or " mad man , " for the purpose of retorting ; bnt I would be a cross between all , if I bad recommended the entertainment of such a proposition . I should be a mad fool of a traitor . Now , just observe ; in my letter of the 29 th May , in which the passage occurs ( and from a reference to which I find that again the negligent Star was scolding the people for not being ready with all the machinery for the contest , ) I used these words , "Six years ago , I said I would prepare yoa for sale . Two years ago . I published a plan for your local organization ; and THKXE MONTHS AGO I BEPUBLISHED THAT PLAN . I was well aware that only during the excitement of a contested election , Mould either band of robbers bid for the virtuous people ; that hour has now come ! YET ARK TOO HOT PREPARED [ WITH YOTJH
COMMITTEES , SUB COMMITTEES , TREASURES * , ANB SECRETARIES OP ELECTIONEERING CLUBS , which I rCCOmmended , but as I never fight with my own party but always try to make up for their laziness by MY OWN EXTRA DIUGEKCE . I TELL YOU NOW TO GET Y 0 D » MACHINERY BEADY . " I merely chopped upon this sentence in looking for the passage to which yon refer , in order to construe it by the context ; nud 2 ask you now , has the Star been negligent in the arrangements necessary for the struggle \ But to the passage . You know , full well , that I was describing the calamity which must ever follow the want of opposition to the Government in being . You know that I said that such a thing as inundating the Houte with Tories wa » " jmpos « ble . " That was my very word , and 1 was hypothetical !? ' describing it as a calamity inferior only to the want of an opposition .
Now , how do I conclude th « paragrah ! Thus : — " If yon had 668 Tory devils , they would be frightened at the so « nd of their own voice , and would imploringly cry , O ! for an opposition !'" I merely put the thing bypothetically , to show the want of an opposition , and what the country had Buffered for Bine years of Reform , from that very want . I was proving that unopposed rule ever hag degenerated , and ever will degenerate into tyranny and licentiousness . I was stating that the Tories actually sacrificed the TVhijrs by not opposing them . All to an
thiB 1 put hypothetical ^ ground argument upon , showing , at the same time , the " impossibility of its bemg carried into practice ; while you speak in your letter witk strong preeuniption of our capability of returning fifty Chartist members . Now , in return , I tell you that it would be more easy , and the Whig electors would sooner join to return 658 Tories than to return 50 , what I call , Chartist members . The electors would not return them as Chartists , while a wise disposition of the balance of power would give us 200 Chartist members returned at Whigs .
You appear to have mistaken the ground of controversy between me and the Champion and Liberator . The policy , as suportedby them and opposed by me , was , the propriety Of supporting Taiy principles , in the Honse of Commons , and of denouncing Wbiggtry , for the mere purpose of placing Toryism in the ascendant , upon the mere speculation of the repeal of the Poor Law Amendment Act . Through life I have endeavoured to get a fair fling at the Tories ; and for nine years the Whigs have stood between them and me ; and now I say to the Whigs , get out of my way , and let me at them . Having so far disencumbered the great question at issue of all extraneous matter , I shall here take my leave , for the present , with the intention of addressing- another letter to you , to-morrow , upon the subject of the beet use to be made of our forces in the approaching battle .
In the mean time , wiching yon , from my soul , every success , both at Newcastle and through life , to which your zeal , your talent , your honesty y « ur long unbending and unflinching exertions , and your privation and manly suffering entitle you . I am , Yonr faithful associate And affectionate friend , Feakgus O'Coknok ,
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TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAB . SIR , — -1 have read with extreme BUTpnae the remarks of Mr . O'Brien , in the last number of the Star , on the above question ; for every one will admit to you that not only is the Whig faction the grtat barrier to the progress of democracy , but it is likewise the most treacherous , profligate , and persecuting oligarchy which has ever appeared in these nations . Then , supposing the Tory faction to be ready to act as the Whig faction Las done , is it not sound policy to do the best we can at the present crisis , namely , to trample npon one of those ! factions , since we cannot do so to both , and thereby have only one faction to contend with In future , instead of two , aa at present ?
But probably I shall best convince your readers of the soundness of the policy recommended by you and Mr . O Connor , in referecce te the Whiga / by giving you a sketch of ¦ ' that which I saw , and part of which I was . " Well , then , I have be « n an active suppporter of the Whigs , voted for , and otherwise aided them ; and on the subject of the Corn Laws , while they were denouncing ihe repeal of those laws , as the work of madmen , 1 was pnihing on the question . B « t upon that and every other project of Reform , 1 found that they were determined to persecute me for touching the snbjeet of Reform ; tbey even employed iMiEcreants to entrap me , insult , and injure me , nnder tbe forms of law and authority ; end even now , I feel so convinced of their dishonest and tricky intentions Sn respect of Corn Law repeal , and every other measure vtbicb . Kefomers costeraplttte , that if I did not oppose them at the next elections , I should be acting against every dictate of ay conscience .
1 wonld gladly assist in returning a Chartist representative for Dublin at the next election ; but when I cannot gratify my wishes in that respect , surely I am bound te do the next b&st thing in my power , namely , to upset , aa far as I can , that concentration of rascality , the Whig a » d O'Connell dynasty . Every man standing in the caae position ought to do likewise . If be eould return , a candidate who would represent " the miserable sons of toil , " he ought to do M , by the aid of the Tory faction , the Whig faeticn , or the Devil himself , if there was any prospect of gaining- that desirable object by splitting Mb votes with any of them ; but if no such opportunity presents iUelf , let him inflict vengeance for Whig
treachery and remove the oligarchical breakwater out of the way . Woe betide ! the Chartist party , if the Whiga £ aia a majority at the coming election , then will they charge tbe Chartist army , right , left , and centre , valiant with the notion , that the Tory phalanx can be brought up at any-time ; and panting with revenge for the Nottingham and otherChartist onslaughts , and for the withering blasts which the > Northern Star has sent down their golden harvests of jobbery and plunder ; but should the Tory party be thrust into harness , they will be so weak , between the national cry of the Chartists , and the ravenous howl of the Whigs for place , that the Chartist party must according to all appearances , be called into the management
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of public affairs . The great object then should be to return Chartist candidates , but where that canntt be done , to clear the decks for action , by sending the Whig assassins under the batches . lam , Sir , Your most obedient and humble servant , Samuel Gordon . 41 , Aungier-street , Dublin , Jane 2 lst , 1841 .
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- - i i TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHEBN STAR . SIB , —The readers of the Star will reeollect the disturbances that took place in Colne in the month of AHgnst last , In consequence of the provi « ns brutal , cowardly , and unjustifiable eondnct of the " Jacks in office , " or the shouldbe peace preservers , and their tools of all work , tbe county police . The consequence was , the committal ot tour young men to Lancaster Castle , charged with the wilful murder of > Ir . Halstead , who came by his death at thai time , from ihe band « e hands of some person or persons at present unknown . . .
The aforesaid young men were tried on the capital charge at the late assizes at Lancaster , and three of them were acquitted of the murder , but , at the suggestion of their counsel , pleaded guilty to the charge of misdemeanor . Richard Boothman , tbe other prisoner , was found guilty by the Jury of wilful murder , withe testimony of two tired and unprincipled policemen . Owing to some strange and unaccountable circumstance at the trial , the witnesses for the- prisoner Boothman , wb « were ready , and capable of proving an alibi in bis favour , were not brought forward . The consequence was as stated before , and he was sentenced to death ; bat by prompt and energetic exertions being made , by memorials being seat to LordNonnanby aad the Queen , his sentence was commuted to transportation for life . A poor , innocent , unoffending young man transported for life 1 It is the general and unanimous conviction in this town that be is perfectly innocent of the crime for which he i * suffering .
The Rev . J . Henderson , Incumbent In this town , is worthy of all praise forming his talent and influence in behalf of the injured and unfortunate Boothman , in endeavouring to obtain bis release ; bnt hitherto his charitable intentions have not been successful , arising , it is thought , from communications going from another quarter , who is in frequent communication with tbe Home-office . We understand poor Bootbman was removed from Lancaster gaol last week , to the hulks , preparatory to his going abroad for life , in all probability , a victim of police perjury and petty spite and malice . In conseqience of the public believing the young men were innocent of the charges brought against them , a subscription was entered into to procure them something like a fair trial , and the following items were received from tbe different towns and villages , which , we trust , you will have th » goodness to insert in your valuable and widely circulating paper : — £ s . d .
Burnley 2 7 0 Keighley 16 9 * Ackrington 0 14 0 Hebdea Bridge 0 9 0 Sand-bed , near Bhaggatie ... 0 14 7 £ Barnoldswick 0 12 0 Barrowford 0 14 Oi Chatbum 9 4 3 j Grindteston 0 11 3 Clitheroe 0 12 6 Farnnill ... 0 5 2 * Glusburn » 6 7 } Button O 12 6 Cononly # 60 If you can find a little space for this communication , you will much oblige your numerous readers in this town and neighbourhood . Respectfully , yours , &c J . Watson . Colne , June 22 d . 1841 .
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HOUSE OF LORDS . —Friday , June 18 . Tbe Madhonscs ( Scotland ) Bill , and the Election Petitions Trial Bill , went through a Committee . The Militia Pay Bill , the Metropolis Improvement Bill , the County Bridges Bill , and the Bribery at Elections Bill , were severally read a third time and passed . In answer to the Earl of Wicklow , The Marquis of Norma . nby said , that in consequence of the sudden termination of tbe Session , tbe Bills for the Improvement of Sewers and the Drainage » f Towns had been withdrawn for tbe present .
The debate on tbe Punishment of Death Bill was resumed , and on the motion of the Earl of Win cm lbea , the capital punishment was again restored to certain offences exempted by the present Bill . Tbe Noble Earl then moved to exempt certain cases of rape from the operation of the Bill , but on a division , the numbers were—for th » clause , 64 ; for the amendment , 60 . The Bill then went through a Committee , and in answer to tbe Earl of Wickiow , The Marquis of NORM an by said it was his intention to extend the provisions of the Bill to Scotland and Ireland . The Criminal Justice Bill was read a second lime , and in Committee the Earl of Wilton moved to exclude Manchester from its operation ; but on a division , there appeared—for the motion , SI ; against it , 82 .
After some discussion , the Dog Carts Bill was , on the motion of the Marquis of Normandy , withdrawn , and their Lordships adjourned till Monday .
Tuesday , June 22 . PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT . Parliament was this day prorogued by her Majesty in person , preparatory to tbe Dissolution , with the usual formalities . At a quarter past two o ' clock , the discbarge of cannon and the flourish of trumpets , announced tbe arrival of her Majesty , who shortly afterwards entered the House . The Speaker and the Members of the House of Commons having been summoned to the Bar by the Usher of the Black Rod , the Right Honourable Gentleman shortly afterwards appeared , attended , or rather pushed forward , by a formidable body of Members , -who ap peared to set all etiquette at defiance in their anxiety to obtain a look at her Majesty .
The Speaker then addressed her Majesty as follows : —Most Gracions Sovereign , we , your Majesty ' s faithful Commons , approach your Majesty with sentiments of unfeigned devotion and loyalty . It has ( teen our most anxious desire , in granting the supplies for the present ytar , to place at the disposal of your Majesty the means by which the naval , and military establishments of tbe country might . ba placed in a state of complete efficiency , and we entertain a strong conviction that by thus enabling your Majesty to maintain the honour of the Crown , aad protect tie just rights and interests of the people , we have adopted a course which , under the favour of Divine Providence , will ensure both to this country and the rest of Europe a con tinuance of the blessings of peace .
We now tender to jeur Majesty an Act to apply certain sums of money for the service of the year 1841 , and to appropriate the supplies granted in this Session of Parliament , to which , in all humility , We pray your Majesty ' s gracious assent . The Royal Assent was then given , in tbe usual form , to the following Bills : — The Appropriation Bill , the Militia Pay Bill , the Bills of Exchange Bill , the Punishment of Death Bill , the Bribery at Elections Bill , the Controverted Elections Trial Bill , the Highway Rites Bill , the Loan Societies Bill , and Mad Houses ( Scotland ) Biil , the Blackburn Market Bill , the Bourne Drainage Bill , and some other private Bills .
The Lord Chancellor then presented the * Speech to her Majesty on his knee , which tbe Queen read in her usual clear and distinct manner , with a very marked and decided emphasis on the passage which referred to tbe exigencies of the public service being provided for in the manner least burdensome to the community .
THE SPEECH . " My Lords and Gentlemen , " On a full consideration of tbe present state of public affairs I have come to the determination of proroguing this Parliament with a view to its immediate dissolution . " Tbe paramount importance of the trade and industry of the country , and my anxiety that the exigencies of the public service should be provided for in the manner least burthensome to the Community , have induced me to resort to the means which the Constitution has entrusted to me , of ascertaining the sense of my people upon matters which so deeply concern their welfare .
" I entertain the hope that the progress of public business may be facilitated , and that divisions injurious to the course of steady policy and useful legislation may be removed by the authority of a new Parliament , which I shall direct to be summoned without delay .
" Gbhtleubn of the House op Commons . " I thank you for the readiness with which yon have voted the sums necessary f- « r th » Civil and Military Establishments . " Mt Lords abd Gsntlrhbw , " In the exercise of my prerogative I can have no other object than that of securing the rights , and promoting the interests of my subjects , and I rely on the co-operation of my Parliament , and tbe loyal real of ray people , for support in the adoption of such measures as are necessary to maintain that high station among the nations of the world , which it has pleased Divine Providence to assign this country . " The Lord Chancellor then said : —It is her Majesty ' s Royal will and pleasure that this Parliament be prorogued to Tuesday , the 29 th of June instant , to be then here holden , and this Parliament is accordingly prorogued till Tuesday , the 29 th of June . Bet Majesty and ber attendants then quitted tha House in the same order ajsfthey had entered it .
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TO THE CHARTrSTS OF SCOTLAND GENERALLY , AND THE SCOTTISH FRIENDS OF
BRONTERRE O'BRIEN IN PARTICULARBrother Radicals , — - ; You are probably aware that some few months ago a committee was formed in Leeds for the purpose of raising funds ' to present Mr . Bronterre O'Brien , upon bis liberation , with a national tentimosial in the forni of a newspaper printing press and appendages . Consequent upon an address issued by that committee , in the Northern Star , a number of auxiliary committees have been formed in various places throughout England . One was lately formed in this city , under the auspices of the Chartist Association ; and it is that committee who now address yon .
From , the nature of the subject , we have little more to do than to bring it prominently before you . Bronterre ' s great merits , bis valuable services m a public writer , aad his eufieriiiga in the cause of truth and justice , are too generally known—and we hope ., appreciated—to require that we should enlarge upon them . Were it merely to show our sense of , and gratitude for , these services , it behoved us to do something in this way . His enemies have taken care to give him some tangible proofs of their regard ; and bo we think should his friends—and this the mote especially that , in doing so ,
we will not only put an instrument into his hands more efficient than he has ever yet had , to do us further service , but will even prevent his powerful aid from being entirely lost to us ; for we need not conceal it < m you the fact , that upon the success of this scheme « e ~ pends whether he is to continue , as be has so long been , the able , dauntless , and successful pioneer of a better order of things in this country , or be forced to exila himself to another . When these are the alternatives , it surely requires no deliberation to determine how we should act .
As to the mode of raising funds , it would be out of place for as to dictate . It was suggested to ourselves , we approved of it , and now suggest to you , that a posid way might be to form committees in large towns for collecting subscriptions , getting np soirees , < f cc ; while smaller places in the , neighbourhood could remit th . is collections to these committees , who would in turn communicate with the general committee , at Leeds . Up , men of Scotland , and be doing 1 You have noMy contributed your share to tbe call upon you for the victimised Chartists . How much more is it your duty to cenie forward , and aid a scheme which will not or ^ y prove an antidote to Whig tyranpy , in so far as one Whig victim is concerned , but will do more for n < yriads of Whig vitvhus . the oppressed millions and thtir posterity , than has yet been done . Viewed as an individual case , the claim upon you is undeniable ; but viewed as the cau . ie of the .-industrious classes generally , it would be folly , aa well as black ingratitude , not to give it your warmest aid .
We have taken the liberty to briag the matter before yon , being , eo far as we know , the ouly committee formed in Scotland ; and such things must emanif . e from some quarter . We have ourselves already succeeded as welt as we conid have expected ; and we trust that each and all of you will set zealously to work . O'Brieu will be out by the 24 tu of September , at farthest Let us have something ready for him that will in some small measure compensate fur the sufferings of tbe last eighteen months , as wfcU as for the incessant labour and toil of the last ten years . Let no place , however small , orIndividual , however poor , ke > p back because tbt-y can do but little . . It is drops thst fill the ocean ; and in a matter ot this kind , provided tho fund be raised , the more contributors to it tha hp . ttfr .
We shall be happy to receive and acknowledge , through our secretary , any sums that may be forwarded from individuals iu the country , or small clubs ; and we have no doubt that other committees speedily to bo formed will do the same . In thiB matter , Scotland expects every man to do his duty . ( Signed ) W . Allan , Chairman . Edward Sutcliffk . J . CUMMIH 3 . D . MACLEOD . A . Macoregor , Sec James Hunter . Peter Anderson . . charles innes . Henry Ranked . . Thomas Blackmb . Edinburgh Committee Room , June 14 , 1841 .
N . B . The Secretary of . tbe Leeds Committee is Mr . John Ogdeu , 39 , Marlborough-street , Leeds , who will communicate all information . The Secretary of the Edinburgh Committee to be addressed at No . U 4 , High-street , Edinburgh . !
Ffiovt Fuming ^Atrtotg.
ffiovt fuming ^ atrtotg .
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Christened , in the Parish Church , Willand , by the Rev . H . Manley , Feargus , bob of John and Charlotte Copp . William and Nancy Gonlding , of Blakeley-street , Bolton , had their lBfant son duly registered James Feargus O'Connor , on the 24 th May alt . Christened at Blyth Church , on the 24 th of May , the son of Mr . George Bird , by the name of Feargus Gsorge Bird , in honour of that sterling friend of tke people , Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., it being the first that has taken place ia that part of Northumberland . Mrs . Smith , tho wife of Mr . Wm . Dudley Ward Smith , has been delivered of twins , a boy and a girl , who have been duly registered FearenB O'Connor Thomas Smith , and Maria Frost Smith .
A few days ago , Mary , the wife of Mr . Jonas Wilkinson , of Clayton Heights , wm safely delivered of a son , which was registered on Saturday bv the name of Feargus O'Connor Wilkinson What is most singular in this family is , that itig the twelfth living child that she has given birth to , and they are all in health , an < Lare living with their parents . ¦¦;¦'¦ Born at Edinburgh , on tbe 2 nd of June , and baptised by the Rev . Wm . Brace , of Cowgato Church , on the 20 th , Charles Feargas , the » & of Mr . and Mrs . Charles Hunter of that city . ~
(Ghrtgtnal Corregpomrem*.
( ghrtgtnal Corregpomrem * .
Shall We Defetkoy The Whig Assassins Or Not ?
SHALL WE DEfeTKOY THE WHIG ASSASSINS OR NOT ?
£Mj≫M'Al ^ Avltament.
£ mj > m ' al ^ avltament .
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HOUSE OF COMMONS , Fridat , Jtwb 18 . Several private Blfls were read a third time and passed . The report of the Committee on the Fine Arts mm brought up and ordered to be printed . The Bills of Exchange Bill and the Loan Societies Bill went through a Committee . The Court of Chancery Bill was read » third time and ppvsed . On the order of the day fer taking into consideration the Lords ' amendments to the Waddon Chase Enclosure BH 1 . some discussion took place . ^ Mr . Warburton moved that it be read a third time that day three months , on the ground that it was an undue interference with the rights of parties who had a right of commonage over the chase . Sir T . Frsmantls and Mr . Estcourt defended the Bill
On a division there appeared—for the amendment , 18 ; against it , 31 . The Lords' amendments were then greed to . In answer to Sir Francis Burdett , Lord John Russell said the Government had not abandoned its intention to ask the assent of tbe House to a vote for a sum of money to raise a inocmnent to Sir Sidney Smith and some other distin guished officers , bat circumstances had occurred wbicb j , bad rendered it unadvisable to bring forward any s pplemental vote for such a purpose during the presents i-ssion . In answer to Lord Robert Grosvenor , who complained of the delay experienced by travellers on the Grand Junction Railway , .. Mr . Sbiel satd he would be prepared to give the Noble Lord some explanation , on Monday . The Lords' amendments to the Banks' of Issue Bil were agreed to .
On the motion of Lord lNGESTRi B , » n addresstoa Crown was agreed to for a nsw su vey of the co as > a New Zealand . Adjourned till Monday .
Tuesday , June 22 . The Speaker took the chair shortly before tw o ' clock . ¦ Sir J . Hobhouse presented a petition from a place in Wiltshire , in favour of a total repeal of the Cora Laws . Sir R . Inglis presented a petition from Chelsea , favour of Church Extension . Mr . Hawes presented nineteen petitions from various parts of the metropolis against the present Corn Law * .
Mr . Estcourt wished to ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer if he had made any provision out of the supplies for the next six nionths for the payment of the baU-year ' s salary due to the Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means . Tho Chancellor of tbe Exchequer conid assure the Hon . Member that if no provision had been made in the usual way for the payment of the salary of the Chairman of the Committee « f Ways and Means , itwaa not from any feeling at that Gentleman , but from the state of the Session . He would however take care that some measure was adopted fox the payment of the salary forthwith . The subject then dropped . Mr . M . O'Connell presented a petition from KIK jkerny against the Medical Reform Bill . Mr . Dugdale presented a petition from Birmingham , signed by 10 , 700 persons , praying for Church Extension .
The Deputy Usher of the Black Rod then entered the House , and summoned the Commons to attend her Majesty in the House of Lords . The Speaker , accompanied by all the Members present then left the Honse , and on his retern , read her Majesty ' s Speech at tbe table . Several Hon . Members then shook hands with the Speaker , and the House separated .
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• - ' THE NORTHERN STAR . 7 _
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 26, 1841, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct858/page/7/
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