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Leeds-.—Printed for the Proprietore FEARGff8 O'CONNOR. Esa. of Hanrmarsmlth. Connf?
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YORKSHIRE SPRING ASSIZES.
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NEW PERIODICAL ESTABLISHMENT, I LONDON.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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MR . * BUCHANAN begs leave to inform the phartist , Socialist , and general Public , that he has opened the Shop , No . ' i , Holy well -street , Strand , for the general periodical and publication Business , where he will supply Wholesale or Retailiall the Periodicals and Liberal Publications of the Day . Orders from th « country punctually attended to . Thef Northern Star" and other newspapers supplied . 1 . .- *' *'
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REMONSTRANCE OF THE PEOPLE AGAINST EXCLUSIVE AND UNJUST LEGIS-, L ATI ON . 4 PUBLIC MEETING will be "held in the Hall xl of ] the National Association , 242 , High Holborn . on Ttjbsdat EYBJUna , Maech 28 th , 1843 , for the purpose of Adopting the National Remonstrance to the House of Commons in favour of tbe People ' s Chabtbr . Chair taken at Eight o'Clook . . In order to defray the expences of the Meeting , One Penny will be charged each person for admission "
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ASK FOR THE "ENGLISH CHARTIST CIRCULAR !" PRICE ONE PENNY . CONTENTS of Part Eight , Price Sixpence :-O'Connor's Letters on the Land—Sketches of the French Revolution by Pro Chartist—Speech of Pat Henry , tho Orator of American Independence—Horrors of Transportation—Spy System a'ad Blood Money—Lecture , by W . Jones , ( lately confined in Leicester Gaol)—What is Blasphemy I—An Address from the Poles—The Movement , by J . C . La Mont —Italy and tbe Operative Classes—Life of Washington—Letters , by T . B . Smith—Several Chartist Addresses , including those of the Executive—Poetr > , &c , &e .
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TO BOOT ANB SHOEMAKERS . MR . T . LORD , Ashton-under-Lyne , is in immediate Want of Men unconected with the Trade Union . They will have regular and the very beat of Employment . The highest Wages of the Town will be paid to them , and every Legal Protection afforded . To Sober Steady Men , desirous of permanently doing well , this 13 an opportunity they don't often meet with . Mr . Lord will give a decided preference 10 Married Men . The statement of Wages that Mr . L . pays is the one agreed to in 1836 .
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TO TAILOUS . RICHES'S PATENT FRACTIONAL MEASURE . rfTHrS INVENTION has exeited the admiration X of every person who has used it , its utility being equa ! to its simplici ty . It is manufactured of a very dura ble material , and consists of four doz » n measures to the set , ranging from twelve to twenty-four inches , including quarter-inches . The aliquoit parts of each size arranged on one side , and on the reverse tins regular inches and fractions ; so that one measure only is required for marking out every garment for the sizes mentioned . Riches ' s Patent Fractional Measure has been in private use upwards of three years and has given perfect satisfaction .
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VOLTAIRE ' S PHILOSOPHICAL DIC TIONARY . The firat Volume of this cel £ brated Work is now complete , and contains 614-Pages , double columns , and an elegant Portrait of the Author . This is undoubtedly the cheapest Liberal Book ever offered io the Public . Tha second Volume is progressing ; Part 17 , commencing it , may now be had , and Part 18 will be ready this ensuing wetk .
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THE LATE TH 1 ALS . A mppiisg Tras bel < 3 . ra "Waives Jay errning , a file Political » td Scientific Institution , 1 , fnnT again-lane , to hcaT a 'ecmre from Foarens O'Connor , od Tie recea . trids at Lancaster . Admittance Twopence . The time ansonnced was eight o ' clock ^ bat Euch was the eicufm-aii , tiat long previons to sev ^ n o ' clock every avenue to the Hal ] was densely crowded , and ev * n a * tbat early fcouriiEiidreds left lire spm , convinced oi tbe iiopelessaess of obtaining admission . Abmt ei'lii o ' cl&ci Mt . O'Connor arrived , and Trili con ? i < Jsrsi > ls difficulty made his fray ihrcngh ike dense crowd wMeh surrounded the doors , and on being Tecoz ^ -i was greeted wiih ^ reat applause . Mr . "Walt ^ b AwiSTaa > G , bavins * been called to the ' -h *; -. briefly 3 < i * irt = srj iic rueeiiu ^ , and introduce Mr . O'Connor .
Pea ^ gcs O'Coskob , E-q-, on rising , "was loudly cheered , and commenced oy s-tating that U was a most pleasing dnjy wsich devolved uponhhn to show the folly of their opponents , and the "wisdom of his own parry . Whin he looked from that platform at the immense mass of working men before him—men yrbn xrtrz the idost industrious—the most valuable of ail human bt ^ n « p , —he could" not avoid reflecting tha ? ihty -were a little after time . If , seven years »» o , "when he was struggling almost alone for these priucipWs , they had held meetings' 1 : 5 e the pressnt , tlis one would not have been needed . Seven years ago tbey had a ibffieulty in gelling as many in ? f > a Email room as-would make it ¦ warm ; now the fliSenhy was to make a large room cool . Bnt th . uth
they Were late , he trusted they were not too la e . { Bear , hear . ) He trnsted that in- thes * days of increased icxury to the upper classses , and mcressrtl poverty to xhx . labourers , it was no ; % qo is ; e ter a ? a to make their rulers ie 3 rn to aci with discr- " . iou . Their rulers were opposed to the people beii-j ; represented , bat he hoped that the GovemEen . was represented in that m ^ e-ing by their gentlemtn in bine ; if the dogs in c-ffice wore not there themselves , he hoped they had sent their terriers , aud they would report every word that he said , and leii their emplcyi-rs that he was determined to continue the struggle until their object was achieved . —I Cheers . ) Ihuj were not assembled tor the mere purpose of a r ^ ctpciuiinon of thai portion
of the in&ls which had already been laid before them , ikoagb their bting theie waa a proof of the majmer in wbieh they were treaiad by the liberal pre « . If the trials had been reported a ? fui ' y as that of the madman MTuaughtf-n , or any Wh : g or Torj hEmbnjj , they would noi have wanted to near more upon the subject . "He should tsulain to Them tbe reason oi the mais , the result of them an-3 the feeiins of the country upon vne subject . The trials meant that the Tories wanted sozn * of their ancient food they had been accustomed to live on , persecution ; they wanted some of their © Id meat ; they were b ^ conins dry and starved up , and so de'ermined , ibai swse one should snS ^ r . The Chartists they considered to be the weak party , the ^ srly they cou'd most -successfully convici with severity ; they asked Jiems ^ l vps of what party the jury-class was coEipasLd . and tnocgh . they admitted mat the
Leagae ws ? tn-: r greatest enemies , yet they wfre considered 100 strong to be safely attacked . The " V ^ fa ?^ bad tried the experiseni on ' ihe Chartists Trita saf « - ^ y , aisd the Tories tried to follow in ibeir Trake . Waen thB manufacturers in August last had driven labour into a revolt against capital , when they Lad ecdared until , as Pilling said , they > wore they "would Fuiiar starvation no longer ; when tney were turned oui . for they did not turn themselves out ; then the idleMing portion of them e = w that it was ¦ nscl'sss to strike unless they alM > srruek against lbs House of Coibejob 3 . The League aaJ turned tisem oat to get their dsrlirg mes-ure of ** Free Trace ali ortT the trorla" made mio a law ; and then th ^ y woaid" hav e forcc-d tb eai into work again for what way « ifcr-y were p . ea « . » 1 to g ^ ve . From August ty Ucvober not a ¦ word hsd b .. rt : said ab , ut the iate triais .
Governjnu ; i had rtij : down an 3 gent 1 c ftrret out w . » jo yrerc lie real offenders ; they sent down to the gni'ty Darij loask them the cau ? e of the outbreaK ; they , of eom- ? e , said it was hot them , it was ihe Tevolur-oaary Chartists ; and being niiuiFtrates , the } arresicd ey-Jry aan who Y&d betn j » leadii ;^ Chartist aa-i sent them to prison ^ acfl examined a Eost of ¦ wi : n 3 ^ 3 s , not one of them , Except the arch-traitor , had t&zn broc ^ ht against l ^ cm at ibc . trial ; in fact , Gregory , the GoTcmmeiit agent , » w he was in the jnud , aiii not knowing how to get jout , planged d » eterinroit . The papers represented it throughout the wirld , that they were a band of conspirators , andtbat Feargus was guflJy of little shon of high treason . This was ths Times version of the affair ,
in revenge for his harnng attempted to throw Walier ei ths - ^ ottingbam election . The middle classes were disgusted wjih the Tories on &cc-jtiut of tue IncPujs I&x ; the landlords liked act ths free trade doctrines of the Tariff ; but ail united , that they might cot weaken the hands of the strong Government in pni-ing down the revolutionist Cnartists . If Fearga 3 O'Counor Vvas silowea to go about the country advocating measures but little short of high treason , all would be endangered , and the on ! y means to stop him was to arrest h ' . in . He was to have gene to Manchester with the policeman , but bring an old soldier , hs got over them —( cheei >) Fifty n-ae aeit they locked m their dirty ceils unni it sunea their purpose to bring them belore the
nauem Jeffries , ( Lord Abingei ) , who not obly made a nc-w law , but also a new crime ; and the fiftn count of the indictment was framed to meet that crime woicB the Judg * who tried them said was no crime at ail ; the GoTernraeni not d&nng to trun their case to a common Jaiy , ttaring that during ih > long proceedings some of them 3 sij ; ht re : on the bankrupt list , treatt-d them to a speciii jury composed oi mafei = trates & »> d Leaguers , for wLicn the piisoners naa to pay . From ioriyegat naraes before them they were allowed to > trike off twelve , and this wa 3 called fair . It was as Herns T ioke truly said , like picking twelve sonod orange- out of a basket of roUeu oaes . A finer set of aidi than the defendanid who were said to be
gnStj of liid ? irss ihzji high treason , he never saw ; they looked mnch betier than the barristers , and ¦ whit was Dore , ih ^ y spoke better 100 . Th-n came the iDng indictment , of which , though a barrister , he TmdtrsEoed no * one half ; a greater compilation of nonsense was never put together unoer the sna . For eight long days thsy fought them shoulder to Ehonldar , elbow to . * lbow ; and it jvonld have been much , better for the Government to have left the middle classes in ignorance , to have let the Chartists been considered as plotters , than to have set fee mountain in labour , and produce only & mouse . The poor Attorney-General had been obliged to
abandon everrtSng material in the indieimeni ; and yei for this ' triml charge on which tb . By were convicted , had they been bo n : jastly denounced , and the country so unnecessarily' alarmed . Tne Government might call it a triumph , but one more such a victory and they would be undone . It was easy for them , ha-ying a jury class at theiT command , having advantage of time and place , and being able to bribe witnesses and purchase traitors , to ensurta a coavictiot . It was hard if the strong Government teat drew the funds for the prosecution from the nation at the point of the bayonet , could no * , over-¦ whelm thosB whose funds were collected from ibe
pence of the poor , though it was eagerly given , and "with sorrow that they could afford no more . For himself , he had not swallowed one farthing of that fond ; he had toiied hard to increase it ; he had not been in bed since Sunday night , and had since then been in Manchester , Leeds , fcc . Isoihi ^ g could iqual the surprise exhibited when the Attorney-General szia , "Gentlemen , this is the case for tee Crown . " A gentleman m eourt aptiy in-< jnin .-d where it was . With ail the art that had been n ^ ecl to eolieet evuenee , and to pcrehase treachery , it had been a complete failure . Mr . O'Connor then paid a high compliment to Baron 3 toL-e . -who , Lhungh impartial as a Judge , as a man was p&JtiaJ to lne defendants . Tilling , in bis
defence , ores iear 3 from an English Judge , and called t e b .-c-h of easine into tee cheeks of many an Eii £ i 5-. h gentleman ; for thongh , a 3 ihe Judge ob Sf-rved , it was delivered in a broad Lancashire dialect , and the language was vulgar and unconnected yet it was the language of truth , and many who case to sn&er , remained to weep . Mr . O'Connor thin recapitulated the langnage of Piilirtg , and asserted that from the moment he concluded his delencc , he was acquitted . An English Jury could have dune no other than acquit him . Alter eight dayr trial , the Judge , 12 anmmlhg up , instead of clenching bis fist , and ceiling " the defendants rogues aod vagabucdo , in the gtyie oi the modern Jdfries , saio , " GeMieman ° f ti > e JiuTj 1 am sure there is
not an EEgbsnman with a spark of pride in his bosom , or a drop of . English blood in h ; 3 veins , that floes not leel de ! i , gh . £ at the march of iatelleoi as evinced in tLe coudna and speeches of the defendants . " If Abinger bad expressed himself in a similar manEtr , ii -would have done more to have tranqulizsd the country than twenty Special Commissions . Tne Tfcsnlt of the trials was a complete triumph to the Chartist cause , and , if they had each _ received three years' imprisonment , it would not have detracted from the triumph . They had dispelled all prejudice from the minds of those Y ,. « rowd « l tee « oort ; they had created a feetaig bo strong in tteir favour , not only in the ^ towB ^ of Lancaster , but throughout all England that the
bajonete of the -GoTernment could hbtbt pat it down now that he hadfailed . Sir Jas . Gnaham found that it Baited Ms purpose to say that he never intended *> pnt a swpte public nteetiagB or brake the expression of public - opinioa . DiBcossion was the safety-valve of the nation , and if put a stop tojihe steam would beeoia * of 4 oo high a pressure , and the boiler wonld burst whea least expected . Be wasacaasediy the , Attoraey- € reaieral of stanng in the Star , that they were justified in turning the strike to Chartist purposes . He then thought he had canghE the " red « at " at last . -He admitted all thio and ' avowed that if another opportunity occarreo he would do it again . If the present strong Government wete in the minority , would nst diey inra everr eireumstanoe to their advantage 1 Did they not do
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so even with their majority of 115 ? Would not the rotten rump of Whiggery do ths samel Look at the Leagns . Was anything too het or too heavy for them to tnrn to their cause \ They were even then playing a farce at Drnry-lane Theatre , turning buffoons for their own beuefit , and admitting the public at Is . a head . Much more was thought by Government of their twopenny meeting than of the meeting at Drnry-lane , where one shilling was paid to seo the League make fools of themselves . Peel m his heart and soul wsb a free trader ; in his tariff he gave the League six times more iree trade than they had demanded of the WhigB ; but they wanted it as a means of reinstating their own party . Peel was well aware of the value of tVe support of the
working men . He knew they were tho only party who held the League in check , and he wanted that bar io ba removed that he might have the appearance of being forced into the measure of Free Trade as he had been into Catholic Emancipation , and thereby preserve his cbararier as honest Robert Peel . The Chartists were , thereiore , to be put down . The times rrquTed a sacrifice , and the disturbed state of the country at the time of the stake would give it the colour of Justice , and when the Chartists were in the stone jng , -it "was hoped the League would go a-head ; but th * y had beaten Peel , Russell , and the League combined ; the trials were to have exfingnii-hed the Chartist rushlight ; but they had ended in re-illuming it at the lamp of Tory tyranny .
" West , after an able defence , had been honourably acquitted . ( Tremendous cheering . ) There had bewi no alteration in the law to effect this ; but it was meetings like the present ; it was the determination of the Chartists , and the increasing poverty of the working classes which made them pause in their career . Cooper , for three days , had bc * n battling with them at Stafford , holding a Chartist meeting , with tho Judgo in the chair . Before the trials there were hardly aoy Chartists at Lancaster or Stafford : now Charmm was the fashionable doctrine . They Ehould look for their triumph , not in what bad been done , but in what hty had escaped . If they had been tried by Ab user , in August last , no doubt every one would
have had from three to five years imprisonment , if they had escaped with even that . If such had been the case , he thuddered to think wbat might have been the result ; the F » eam would then have been too highly pressed . Tae dreadful state of poterty , and the tyranny of the masters , in North and 6 "uth Lancashire , and the distress existing : hrcui . hon * the country , would have tempted them to dei-prrate deeds . Sir Robert Peel mi ^ ht calculate that Englishmen were dull , slow to be excited , and not prone to fighting ; bat when once determined wnere "was tW men to be e ^ parod With thta , a ' vrays barring Paddy . { Laa ^ hi . r . ) Paddy was low beginning to show his teeth . You have allowed the Poor Law Bill , at the point of the bayonet , to
be ' orced upon you ; you have allowed your homes to be desolated , and your parents , and relatives to be inmates of baUiles , and Paddy has swn ths rcinit ; and although not so good a politician as John Buil , ho has determined ne * er to endure a snnular system . Soldiers have been ordered from all pwis , aud Paddy has met them with his st ck id bio h 3 Di ; and he was told tbat the stick had a iron spike in the end . This , in Ireland , was called moral power , and Paddy was fix * dly determined ifcat even if they sent for all tbo soldiers from China ana India , he would ntver sacrifice his ancient hospitality at the shrine of the Poor Laws . Air . O'Connor then highly eulogized the exer ions of Father Mathew , whom he described as the greatest
moral refc-rmsr of the day , and anticipated from his exertions iu making Ireland a nation of rtfl- ; ctive beings , that a cordial union would spring up between the working classes of both countries . The Charter would ba obtained as soon as they could riarvo the operatives now on stiike—he meant the Whig operative—Palmrrston , Macauley , &c . ; when they found that tho nation felt no interest id tne Kirk of Scotland Bill , the Iusanit > Bill , or the Travelling in Air B ) D , and that the Charter was the only means of getting at the hon- ^ y crock , then they would become advocates for th' Charter . The on ' y 0 ; ff rence between Peel and Russell was , that » he one was a bit bigger man than the other . The Whiz * were no more like ' y to give the Charter than
the Tories ; and the League , though professing great liberality , would be as far from it as either . If Cobden was prime minister tomorrow , he would bo as anxious to get rid of the agitation for the Charter is ever Sir Robert Pee ! vjsjs , and would not attempt t * email any of the nanoEal expences . If the landowners would give him the power of buying iabour at what price he thought proper , he keep would up the present system of txpenea on the principle of " Scratch me and I'll scratch you . " The League ps-ny Are tha very men who nave the greatest interest in withholding xeprpsentition from the workiwg classes . They live ty pressing upon the labour of the working men , in a much larger degree than any other class . A landtd proprietor has not a tei . th of
the men under his controul as a manufacturer , and is not 50 inierrsied in grinding down the price of thur labouj . Tr . e Charter wonld take tho power out of both their hands , and give liberty to the whole people . By Lbtrty , he meant liberty tempered with discretion , liberty for the greatest aiisiocrat , as well ss for the workiBg roan ; he had baen dragged from his home seven times daring the last tive years on varions charges . Turee times had he been tried , and four t mes he had evad . d tkc prosecution . This was hard conduct towards a g dtl « man ; but , UDder these trying circumstances he had never given way to his feelings ; he had not endeavoured to obtain vengeance but justice . Mr . O'Connor then allnded to ihe wretched description
of svaff-siyledjevidence which was brought against them , and stated that ho told the Attorney-General to take the red box in which it was contained , and send it as a enrioshy to the Chinese Exhibition . If bir Robt . Peel , the calm , the patient , the unruffled , the indomitable , the placid , mild , amiable , Sir Robert had been treated to a few of his d : Eht 8 , he would perhaps have been more excited , and then would perhaps have fared worse ihan he had done . The Legislature by refusing Lord Howick ' u motion had shown their dctermin&tioa not to icqaire even into a finale branch of the distress ; they knew sll about it , bat dia not want to be mide acquainted with the details . On Tuesuay , thty would be pushed to know the causes of the late
outbreak ; and also for Inquiry into the conduct of tnooe magistrates who sent men to prison , and demanded such excessive bail for their appeaiaDce if released . He thanked God that in the midst of the chaos existing in the House of Commons ever sinse the Keform Bill , they bad one spot of ground on which they could rest their weary feet , though owing his election to a similar franchise as other Members , —it was an honour , an everlasting honour , to Fmsbury , that she eent to the House one pilot to steer the vessel into the harbour . The Irishman , when told that an apple pie was so finely flavoured , because it had a quince in it , remarked how good an apple pie must be , if made of ail quinces ; bo if one Duncombe was so good , what wonld the
House of Commons be if they bad in it six hundred and fifty-eight Duncombes . Taere would be no danger then of indictments for conspiracy , no arrests for sedi'ion , but now when bad meD cOBspire , it ¦ was ihe dnty of good men to combine . The object of the Charter was to increase the power of production , and to bring aoout a better system of dihonbution ; the present trammels on labour kept back millions of production , and , consequently , deprived the shopkeepers of their profits on this increase of produce . The middle classes bad ever beea caught in the trap to put down the Tories ; they did not join the League out of love , but a 3 a means of putting down the Torits ; and they must so ferret them wiih the Tory lash as to make them
come out for the Charter , ss they did for the Reform Bill ; but they must first get rid of such leaders as Macauley and Russell ; they were too ignorant for the age , he doubted whether thiy ought to he entitled to a vote under the Charter . — ( Laajjbtsr . ) Ab for the League , God forbid thai he should ever have such a team to drive . He wanted justice for all , and not a mere party measure . As long as he lived ( . uales 3 Eomttbing happened that he was not aware of > neither Whig , Tory , nor sham-Radical should have a foot of resting ground . The £ 50 , 00 J of theieague was nearly gone , and they had nearly drained him , and yet they dare not accept his challenge . They got their dupes to give Is- at Drury Lane , where they must not say '" boo to a goose "—where they
had only to open their ears and let in the dulcet strains—to shut their e 3 es , and open their mouths , and see what God would send them . And though ? hey had spent most of their £ 50 , 000 , yet they had actually retrogaded . They had not called one public meeting— ( shouts of " Marylebone , " and cheering . ) That was a ticket , meeting ; but the free men took the ticket eff the donkeys . In this country , the only way to influence the Government , or to alarm their rulers , was to submit a principle to fair discussion , and let it he the adoption oi the majority . If the League had treated the public fairly they would have been much stronger than they were ; not allowing discussion , the people suspect that there is error in their ways , no truth in their doctrines . If their intentions were just they would have no cause for alarm . John Bull was an honest hearty fellow , and when he saw that their doctrine
w&s only fit for tbe ticketed ear , he felt convinced there was something not Tight at the bottom ofitt They were now going to fill the House of Commons with Corn Law Repealers ; were going to bribe , influence or seduce tae electors ; hut even if they could obtain a majority he defied them to produce any good effect until there was an organic change . Every new administration was compelled to find new officers and HmecureB for a fresh brood of hungry expectants , and therefore they never said a word * beut » T » duetion of taxation , looking for some little emolument for themselves some day . Mr , O'Connor then showed that the land of the country a century back w&b divided amongst about 37 , 000 proprietors , and though four generations had sprung from their loins , the landed proprietors were not more numerous now than at that time , all the children being provided for by some sinecure or © ther . The party who were most likely to assist in
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gaining tbe Charier were the Agriculturists ; not tbe ones who whistled at DowniDg-street , bnt those who whistled at the plough . They were the men who would stop Peel in his preBeat course ; for they would soon see that if they did not stop him he would stop them . Mr . O'Connor illustrated this by reference to Lord Warncliffe , who was rather a poor nobleman , his estate being worth about 411 , 000 a year . As a cabinet minister he had 44000 per annum ; his son had £ 2000 ; his second son was Solicitor General , and as soon as a vacancy occurred would be a Judge with £ 5 , 500 a year , making a total of more value than his estate , besides the prospects of his daughters—one marrying a bishop , another an admiral , &o . His political
iDfiuenco was therefore superior to the interest he had in the land , and it would be worth his while to abandon his land altogether if he could retain or increase his political power . Mr . O'Connor then drew an effecting picture of the miseries inflicted by the marmfaoturerB upon the women and children employed in their factories , and demanded if it was possible they oould be earnest in their profession of bentfitting the poor . Was it probable that the men , who , as Magistrates tyrannized over them , and as masters Btarved them , would , as politicians , be their benefactors ? When the League had expended their funds but little morofor a time would be heard of them , and then they might dissever the really honest portion of the League from about
one hundred and forty of the overgrown manufacturers . Mr . O'Connor then commented on the conc ' net of Acland and others of the League ; and clearly demonstrated that tho interest of the shopkeepers was bound up in that of the Charter , aud that circumstances would Bpeedily make Peel himself a Chartist , though he could the other night get a Tote of eighteen millions of Exchequer Bilk by merely asking for il . But , although Solomon was a wise man , and Sampson a strong man , yet neither of them oould pay money unless they had got it . He wished the Incomo Tax had been 10 percent ., and the Property Tax 25 per
cent . ; for , when those who put on the taxes were compplled to pay them , th « y would soon discover that the Army w : is not needed—that the police was auseless force—thata State Church might with safety be abolished ; and that the Chariists , after all , were a shrewd eet of men . Mr . O'Connor concluded by imploring them not to relax in their exertions for the Charter ; it was worth living and dying for , and they had only to be thoroughly united , and they would then never be in dauger of meanly bending iheir necks to the yoke of slavery , but would be deserving of the name of Britons , and of the inheritance of the soil ; and concluded amidst groat applause in the words of the
poet—Lives tbere a man with soul so dead / ' < fec Mr . Packer brittty moved a vote of thanks , to Mr . O'Connor and his brother Chartists for the ni / blo stand they made at Lancaster in defenco of the principles of tho Charter and the rights of tho people at large-Mr . STALLWooDsoconded the motion , and trusted they should fpeedity have an Executive , with Mr . OCoanor for a member , and then there would be no danger of their being enmeshed in the nets of the law . The resolution was carried by acclamation .
Mr . O'Conkob , in reply , stated that he soarcely deserved their thanks , for agitation was become so completely his element , that he was unfit for anything else ; and , if he did not meet with an annual prosecution , he should think something was amiss . Be was determined to persevere in the same , course , turning neither to the righl nor to the left , and accepting nothing less than the Charter . He gave free liberty to every man to investigate and comment upon his conduct , and tn return he should claim to denounce any man who turned aside from his principles ; for , if the first 6 tep was tolerated , tbe after strides became rapid . Mr . O'Conuor then alluded to the History of the Trials he was publishing , and stated that when they had read it , they would acknowledge that their vote of thanks wa » not uudeservod : it would be a full and accurate report of all the proceedings ; the reporting alone had cost upwards of £ 30 . Air . O'Connor sat down loudly applauded .
Mr . LovETi , of Marylebone , moved , and Mr . O'CoNsoa seconded a vote of thanks to the Chairman , and tho meeting broke up with cheers for O'Connor and the Northern Star . The money taken at the doors was upwards of £ 9 and hundreds went away , unable to get admission , the stairs , committee rooms , &o , being all occupied . Seven shillings and a pinny waa paid in by Mr . W , Raneall , to the Detence Fund . In the Shrewsbury Chronicle , of Nov . 12 , 1774 , w © find the following letter from Anthony Henley to his constituents , ( a borough in Hampshire ) , who
had written to him to oppose the Excise Bill : — " Gentlemen , —I received yours , and am surprised at your insolence in troubling me about the excise . You inow , tvhat / vciy well know , that I bought you—and by G—d I am determined to sell you . — Aud 1 know , —what perhaps you think 1 do not know—you aro now selling yourselves to somebody else . Aud I know what you do not know—that I am buying another borough . —May G—d'm curso aij ^ ht ou yya all — May your houses be as opon and common to all excise officers as your wives and daughters were for me when 1 Btood for your rascally corporation . Yours , —Anthony HENLEY . ' '
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CROWN COURT—Wednesday , March 22 . ( Before Mr . Justice Collman . ) haac Qiisil , of Birstal , aud William Sheldrake , and Maurice Redding , of Bradford , were several found guilty of riots in connection witn tho late strike . There wore several unimportant cases of misdemeanor aud felony , for the particulars oi which we have no room .
Before Mr . Baron Parke . Richard Turner , of Almondbury , Joseph Wrigley and Wm . Holdsworlh , o ( tho Bamo place , and Abraham Shaw , of Batloy Carr , were severally charged with attending unlawful and tumultuous assemblies in the late strike disturbances . Wrigley and Holdsworth , pleaded Guilty . Tbe others were convicted . The prosecutor of Shaw recommended him to mercy . John Stead was indicted for having , on the 7 th of March , at Leeds , feloniously presented a Loaded pistol at Joseph Wilson , with intent to shoot him , and do him some grievous bodily harm .
Mr . Mosteith was for the prosecution ; Mr . Wilkins defended the prisoner . The prosecutor is a joiner and builder at Leeds ; and , on th- morning of the 7 th of the present month , about half-past eleevn , o ' clock , he was proceeding along Marsh-lane , when he met with the prisoner , who presented a double-barrelled pistol , and said " I'll shoot thee . " The trigger Enapped , buc , fortunately , tho pistol did not go off . Tbe prisoner was very much intoxicated , and was given into the cus tody of a policeman , who conveyed him to prison .
The pistol was subsequently examined by another officer , who found vthat each barrel contained a double charge of powder aud a slug ; there was . also a very small quantity of powder in the pan , and the hammer of the pistol was down , as if it had been fired . Mr . Wilfcins said he Ehould offer no defence , it being clear that the act of the prisoner was a drunken frolic , and hat he had no malicious intention at the time . Ho would call witnesses to prove that tbe prisoner was a quiet , inoffensive man .
The Learned Judge concurred in the opinion that there was no malice , and would take it for granted that the prisoner had been of good character . The Jury then found a verdiot of Guilty , and he was sentenced 10 be imprisoned for one calendar month to hard labour .
Thursday , Makch 23 . Before Mr . Justice Coltman . John Harbony , 25 , was oharged with having , on tha 23 rd of December last , at Wakefield , stolen a ewetbeep , the property of George Thompson . Mr . Pashley appeared for the prosecution ; Mr . Walkeb defended the prisoner . Guilty . To be imprisoned Two Years . John Ibberson , 24 , George Wright , 21 , were charged with having , on the 29 ih JDcceaiher last , at Sheffield , broken into the dwelling-house of Mary Froggatt , aud stolen therefrom two printed dresses , and other articles . Mr . Heaton and Mr . Walkeb were for the prosecution ; Mr . Ovehend for the defence . The prisoners were found guilty . —Sentence deferred .
Joseph Fairest , George Dutton , Thomas Lloyd , and John Dutton , were charged with having on the 25 ih of January last , at Sheffield , burglariously entered the dwelling house of James Booker , and feloniously stolen therefrom three pairs of boots , three linen shirt ? , and other articles , his property . Mr . Overehd and Mr . Monteith were tor the prosecution ; Mr . Heaton defended Lloyd . The house was entered by means 01 the cellar window . —Guilty .
Friday , Mabch 24 . ( Before Mr . Justice Coltman . )
SENTENCES . John Holden the elder , and John Holden the yonnger , convicted of having in their possession plates for the manufacture of forged bank notes at Halifax , were sentenced to be transported for life . Henry Storey , who had been convicted of forging a promissory note , at Hull , waa sentenced to be transported for 10 years . Henry Lineham , who had pleaded Guilty of having , at Leeds , embezzled money , tbo property of his masters , Messrs . Ward and Son , solicitors , was sentenced to be transported for 10 years . Charles Oates , convicted of sheep stealing , at Hooten Roberts , was sentenced to be transported for 15 years .
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Wm , Claypon ^ theelderj Wm . Claypon , tbe younger , Joseph VI' / ypon ,. and Stephen Depledge , convicted of a misdemeanour in goin ^ armed at night for the purpose of destroying game , at Ham pole , wore sentenced to be severally transported for 7 years . Sarah Morrell , convicted of a misdemeanour , in falsifying the register of a birth , was sentenced to imprisoned in the Castle for one month . Joseph Fairest , Geo . Dutton , Thomas Lloyd , and John Dutton , convicted of a burglary at Sheffield , were sentenced ;—Fairest and Geo . Dutton to be transported for 10 years ; Lloyd and John Dutton to be imprisoned 2 years . George Wocplit and John lbberson , convicted of a felony at Sheffield , were sentenced to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for 2 years .
Christopher Goodson , convicted of a burglary at Leeds , wag sentenced to be imprisoned and kept to bard labour for 12 calendar months . George Jenkins , found guilty of embezzling money at Leeds , the property of his employers , Messrs . Payne , Eddison , aud Ford , was transported tor 10 years . Thos . Dixon , convicted of wounding , with intent to do grievous bodily harm , at Thirsk , was sentenced to be imprisoned in the House of Correction for two years . Robert Atkinson , for a similar offence at Brighouse , and also with attempting to rob , was sentenced to be imprisoned for two years in the House of Correction .
James Crabtree , for a similar offence , under circumstances of great brutality , at Pontefract , but who had been recommended to mercy , was also sentenced to two years imprisonment in the House of Correction .
SENTc . NCES OF THE RIOTEKS . The following persons , convicted of having participated in the riots which took placo in the West Hiding , in tho mouth of August last , were sentenced as follows : — Isaac Clissett , to be imprisoned in the House of Correction , and kept to hard labour for the space of twche calendar months ; and at the end of that time to enter into his own recognisances in the sum of £ 100 , to be of good behavieur for the space of two years . Maurice Reddin and Wm . Sheldrake , to be imprisoned aud kept to hard labour for ten calendar months , and to ent-f r into recognizances in the sum of £ 50 to keep the peace for two years .
Abraham Shaw , to bo imprisoned and kept to hard labour for six months , aud to enter into his own rcco ^ ninances in the sum of £ 50 10 keep the peacu for two years . Richard Turner , Timothy Grady , Henry Greaves , Win . Cropper , and Christopher Millar , to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for four calendar months , andI to enter into their own recognizances in £ 50 each , to keep the peace for two years . Joseph Wrigley , Edwin ISroeke , and Wm . Holdsworth , to be imprisoned in tho Castle for two calendar months , ano to enter into their own recoguizmoes in £ 50 each , to be of good behaviour for two years .
John Walker was charged with having assaulted John Fi-rnty , with iutent te do him grievous bodily harm . To this charge he pleaded autre-fois convict . Mr . Pickering appeared in support of the plea ; Mr . Wilkiks and Mr . Pickering opposed it . The parties reside in Sheffield , and duiing a quar rel between them the prosecutor was violently assaulted , and as alleged , stabbed . Tno case camo before the Shtflivld magistrates , when tho prisoner was fined £ 5 , and in default . was eent to Wak « field for two months . An indictment was pruferred again ; -1 him at the A 8 « izes , for tho stubbing and the prisoner was brought from Wakeiidd to answer the charge . After a lengthened argumnnt , the Learned Judge decided that the p . ea was good , and refused to allow the costs of the prosecution in the case .
Seven witiso .-ses wore subpoj icd for the prosecution who have boen in York seventeen days ; somebody therefore , will have to pay the pi pi r ; for as they are all working men , it is not to be expected they can live for nothing , and lose their labour into the bargain . We suppose the lawyer wanted a j-b . John Flint , 4 i 5 , and Samuel Daffy , 40 , were indicted for having on the 24 . h of January last , at Handsworth , in the West Riding , feloniously stoUn a ewe sheep , tho property of Pe : er Cadmau . Mr . Overend and Mr . Pashlky were for the prosecution ; tho prisoners were undefended . Guilty . —To bo imprisoned , and kopt to hard labour for two yearB .
John Oates , 29 , was charged with having , on the 26 th of January last , at Sh-. Eold , feloniously stolen four atones weight of beef , from an out-house , the propr-rty of John Marsden . Four other persons , who had b > en found guilty of another I'ffcnce , were in tho same indictment . Tvo evidence , however , was offered against them , and there being none to reach the prisoner in this case , the Jury found a verdict of Not Gulity . Richard Hodiiaon was indicted for having violently » b 6 » utted Wm . W * nuby , on tho highway , and stolen from his per&on sundry moneys , his properiy . The evidence of identity failed , and the Jury found the prisoner Not Guilty . Wilton Rocket , convicted of a burglary at Huntington , near York , was then brought up , and eentenoed to bo transported for life . This closed the business of the assizes , and the Court rose at twenty-seven minutes past six .
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LEEDS —Young v . Hutchinson . —We have not thought n necessary to give a formal report of this trial , because the details , although of some importance to particular interes ' s , would not , in our opinion , be found sufficiently interesting to our readers in general . But one circumstance was elicited in the course of the caHe , a circumstance so very extraordinary , that wo are induced to refer to it ; tho moro so , aB by a " curious coincidence , " the other throa Leeds papers have omitted all mention of it ; and we must therefore shortly describe the nature of the action . The nominal plaintiff , 111 this case , is official assignee of the estate of Messrs . Smith and Co ., who became bankrupt a few months ato , but the real plaintiff is Mr . Alderaau Batlson ,
of Leeds , as trado assignee , and the action was for the recovery of money paid by the bankrupt Smith to defendant , in alleged undue preference , shortly before the bankruptcy . The defence was that Alderman Bateso y was a partner in the conceruof William Smith and Co ., aad therefore could not maintain the action ; and in establishment of this ground of delenco , evidence was adduced showing a continuous exercise of interference and controul on the part of Aldorn . au Bateson in tl e affairs of Wm . Smith and Co . during a considerable period of time . Amongst other acts , he had engaged a bookkeeper for the concern , ono John Thompson ^ and this boakkfieper became the passive a « ent—the victim , we had almost said—of tht ; moat
extraordinary proceeding to which we have now to call attention . John Thompson deposed that one day Alderman Bateson got him up to hia house , and told him that he wanted him to take ; an cath that he would keep the affairs of Wm . Smith & Co ., secret . Thompson demurred , and abked the Alderman if he wan not already satisfied that he did not abuso the confidence reposed in him ; to which the Ald > rman replied that he was satisfied " aecording to human reason , " but that he should be more satirfkd if ho , Thompson , took the oath ; that thereupon the youth Thompson went to the Alderman ' s Solicitor , who administered to him the oath ; and that he swore accordingly . Ni > w , extraordinary as this part of tho case is , it is haroly less extraordinary that all the three Leeds papers which have given oxteuded reports of the trial , have avoided the most distant allusion to it .
Tho Learned Counsel for the defendant , Mr . Watson , severely denounced the proceeding as a scandalous trifling with the most awful engagement a man can take upon himself , and appealed to the Jury as to their feeling of the oath which they themselves had taktn . The Learned Counsel for the plaintiff , Mr . Kmowles , seriously deprecated it , and put in a feeling apology for the indisoretian of ihe solicitor ; the Learned Judge , Baroa Parlic , pronounced the act an indictable offence ; and yet uofc one © f the Leoda papers has a word on the subject ! R < ally , as Puff says iu the Critic , "when these fellows do agree , their unanimity is wonderful . " With respect to the Mercury aud the Times , the wonder is perhaps not quite so great as in the cose of the Intelligence *; for we believe Alderman Bateson is a Whig , if not " something more , " and
«• A fellow feeling makes us wondrous kind ;" but our readers will pevhaps think that the suppression of such a fact is almost as disgraceful to the newspaper press of Leeds , as the fact itself ia to the parties implicated in it . The verdict was for the plaintiff ; the partnership between Alderman Bateson and the bankrupt , Wm . Smith , not having been made out to tho satisfaction of the Judge aud Jury . Counsel for the p laintiff , Mr . Knowles and Mr . Hi Hill ; Solicitors , Messrs . Snowdon and Preaton . Counsel for the defendant , Mr . Watson and Mr . Pashley ; Solicitors . Messrs . T . and J . Lee .
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Fridat , Mabch 24 . —There is a liberal supply of Wheat to this day ' s market . The Flour trade ia the Western districts remains in a very dull atajte ; the millers purchase with great caution , and prices must again be noted Is . per qr . lower . Barley yet remains very scarce , and is readily taken off upon fully as good terms , but ShelliDg must be stated 6 d . por load lower , aud Oats have declined Jd . per stone . The demand for Reany is limited , at last week ' a rates .
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TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN S 1 AR . SIR , —The trial being now over , I thought you might perhaps be able to find a little space in your valuable colmuns for a remark or two ou tbe subject of " ventilation of coal mines , " too . Sir , you will perhaps remember that I sent you an article " on tbe cause and dreadful effects of-explosions in mines ] " some twelve months since or thereabouts . You will remember , Sir , that I then distinctly asserted that it waB the driving of the . works such au immense distance jwith so little current , that was the only cause of such frequent , terrible and destructive explosions ; and that tbe only way to remedy this evil would be to sink three or four shafts where they only sink
one . ; Well , Sir , I am very nappy to find that , there bas been a coinmittee formed at North Shfal ^ s to examine and to gain information on these and other points ; and , Sir , | it is truly gratifying to see bow well they have don « j their duty on every point they have taken up . For my part , I am highly delighted wita the discoverieB they have made and with the information they have given . All that they have said is strictly true ; and all tbe plans which they have suggested must be carried fully out before the poor miner can ever consider himself as tolerably safe . Should the Committee ' s suggestions be adopted and enforced by law , ( fur depend upon it , Sir , they will never be adopted , on any
other ground ) , they will effect such a cbaogeand reformation in coal mines as will bo calculated to remove a very heavy load of dread and horrible forebodings of danger and death , which have continually preyed upon the minds of poor miners foi ages . To -taeh & rtegree has this fear of danger preyed on men ' s minds frequently , i that they have been beard , . to say that thoy' feared tbe danger more than they feared the labour ; and that in itself is horrible . " O , yes , I have often 8 aM it myself , and nave heard many others j indeed it ; is an universal complaint Well , soon may this crying evil—this wilful murder of men ' s bodies and comforts be for ever done away by the ConiHiittee ' s suggestions being enforced by law .
There are a few more important points which I have not secnlnoticed . but which call lomlly for Reforni . The first thin k ' I shall notice ia , tha pit-shaft ' iia-ilf . Tbere is a vaBt of danger connected with tbe shaft as at present constituted at most places , all for want of a little outlay at the first . Now , when a shaft is sunk , if it be intended for a " cast up-shaft , " it ought to be walicd wiih either brick or stone jand lime , from top to bottom with cast iron cribs and rine-d . ims ; then it is safe ; but not unless . If
it be intended fora " cast-down-shaft" u should either be walleil or sheeted with « ood strong sheeting , two inches thick from top to bottom Then it would be safe in piost cases , < . specially with a little cast-iron cribbing , placed in odd places when there may be a little pressure . Observe , this cribHnj ? shcu ' ii be placed on the front , or inside the BhevUng , by means of little screws . They may bo made to fit every crevice by means of placing thin wood wedges between the crib and sheeting . Shafts under this process might be made perfectly ) safe .
No w , jSir , for want of this little expense at first , I know sh ' aft " , like quarry holes , wh-. ro scores of cart loads ofirubbish have tumbled iu . Sometimes I have seen stones fall out of the shift bigger than I could lift , and sometimes cart loads at a time . And , Sir . I have seen skulls laid open , more than once , and others crippled ; all their lives from this very s' / urce . Now , Sir , wbat kind of comfort can human beings enjoy , either night or day , "ho b > ve to go up and down such horrible boles as these every day of thwir livca ? But no murmuring , only very low , or else you l « 08 ft tbe swe ^ t privilege of earning a few potatoes and a Itttla s ^ lt , even under thusu circumstances . O ! brave Chriatiari E gland ! But Sir , these penny-wiso folks are pound-foolisb in tfca end r , for they hive hundralN of times to mend and patch those old , rotteD , pit-shafts . Weil , I onl wish tbe strong arm of tbe law to lay hold of these abuses , for f know nothing el' 8 wii ' .
Now Sir , is should be observed , that if the air-carrent should be worked b 7 bighprosfurs steam , ( which is desirable , and oujht to be ) , sheetinir . in tbe manner I have stated , would be quite sufficient in most
cases . ; Tbe next point wh ' . cb I would brisfly notice is , this , v ' . z ., many poor hurrior lads are exp . 'sed to much danger , and are lamed and sometimes killed on the spot , by means of detached pieces of the roof falling , under which ^ ey have eontiuual ly to pass . Now , these roads ought to be examined every day . and unsound pieces of roof polled Uown , and taken out of the way . But thiaf , like the rest , will only be done by a Government Inspector . The next point I have to notice , is a misery vhich poor helpless cuildre 1 have to groan and weep under .
Sir , to give you a proper iaea of my meaning , in the next placo I must tske yrni to the railway . Now , suppose one side ef the rails was lifted up some inches higbt-r than the otser , by reason of the ground rising up in that direction , and supposing tbe rails to be thrown into a z ' g-z \ g form , and almost buried in filth , stones , and dirt , and suppose a steam-enzine had a waggon : of coals to draw through a tunnel , and tha wazgon j trailin ? first against one side and then another , and tbe coals wedged against the roof of the tunnel . ; I say . Mr . E-fitor , " steam flying-horse , " aa he is , this would be the way to clip him his wings . Would it not , think yon ? Well , bat cuppoue theie should be a great lounging fellow or two kept on purpose to keep such places in repair , and they neglected , to do it from abeer idleness ? what would you think then ? Well , but I ktiow sucb a case ; and nothing dare be said by tha workmen still . Yes , I know of a race of poor
children who have to urn ? heavy loads of nearly a quarter of a ton weight , under these very circumstances . \ Vrll , wh » t effect bas it upon buman nature ? Well , not an hour passes but you may hear some crying most pitifully , ai . d others cursing and swearing most tremendously , land calling on God Almighty to " damn the pit and- ' the roads , and to blow it all up together . " These are the daily prayers of these poor , inculttd , and provoked oreatures . Here ' s your Christianity ! While our preachers ' sons are brought up in a college for God , these are brought up in a college for the devil ! My God I my very blood runs chill many times when I think of these anomalies . Then , again , they are put in a situation whereby they are instantly coming in contact one with . mother , and turning on another ' s back ; then thero is such fighting and screaming , and swearing and roaring , land blackguardism ; why , in short , it ia nothing less than a subterraneous bell !!
Now , ] Sir , all this misery , suffering , and wickedness might be avoided under pioper araogements . But this , like all : the test , must be done by a "Government Inspector . " Now , ! Sir , I have worked in the pita thirty years or more , and I have seen so much of the hateful system , that J should be almost tempted to dash my children ' s brains out rather than let them go to such sinks of sin and misery , as they are at present . : Nobody stands more in need , bat I cannot do it . Another point I would just notice is " bad ropes . " At some places they run their ropes till they actually break , and sometimes men ' s lives are sacrificed in this way . This , too , wants a " Government Inspector , "
Now , Sir , on this point , I just beg to say that a plan has just snggested itself to my mind , which wsuld pre , vent any injury taking place , even in case of a rope breaking with a number of men on it . But how is this to be done ? Now , men who understand pits will best understand my meaning . Now ; then , to accomplish this point , the conductors should be made of wood , and strong , and well stayed . Then , under each end of the balk , or cros 8-beam of wood , which slides np and down , tbe conductors to which the corves are attached ; I say under each end , and within a few inches of tbo end should be placed a nhort , strong , iron prong , with two sharp prods at tbe e d in this direction—
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Now these prongs should be projected outwards by means of a spring when the men are coming up the shaft , so that tbo brods would slide up the face of the conductors , but if the rope should happen to break , they would stick fast in the conductors in a moment , and would prevent the men from falling a single inch . But mark , two brods would be necesiury , as only one would split the conductors . Tbess might be made to act during the men going up and down the shaft , at other times they might be fastened cut of the way by means of a sneuk or catch . Sir , ; if you think proper to lot these suggestions appear jin your columns , I trust they will be made of Bsuie service , and you will much oblige , Your bumble servant , March , 21 st , 1813 . A Coal Miser .
Leeds-.—Printed For The Proprietore Feargff8 O'Connor. Esa. Of Hanrmarsmlth. Connf?
Leeds-. —Printed for the Proprietore FEARGff 8 O'CONNOR . Esa . of Hanrmarsmlth . Connf ?
Yorkshire Spring Assizes.
YORKSHIRE SPRING ASSIZES .
Wakefield Ocrn Market.
WAKEFIELD OCRN MARKET .
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On Saturday , the 18 th mst ., aged // years , Mrs . Sarah ] Hemsworth , milliner , dress , and shroud makers of this town . On Wednesday , the 8 th inst ., at Arthur ' s Hill , Wostgate , Newcastle , Feargus O'Connor Hedley , infant son of Mr . A . D . Hedley , of Howarih-Iane , near Gateshead .
. Deaths.
. DEATHS .
New Periodical Establishment, I London.
NEW PERIODICAL ESTABLISHMENT , I LONDON .
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g THE If ORTHERN STAR
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Middlesex , by JOSHUA HOFsON . * t bis P * " fag Offices , No » . Wand 13 , tyjkel-Btre 6 t , Brfegatej ad Published ; by the sa ' . d Joshva Hobsoji , ( for the said Fbaksus C / CoxhobJ at hia Dwel ling-house , No . &t Ma'Aiefc-8 treet , Brigga *» J » internal Canunnalcatiryu existing between tbe taXi No . 5 , Harket-streeV , and tbe said Noa . 12 sod IS , Market-street , Briggato , thus constituting the whole of the sai& Printing and Publishing Office one Premises . All Gommunieatior / a must benddressed , Post-paid , to Mr . HOBSOW , Northern Star O / 3 ee , leed * , { Saturday , March 25 , 16 * 3 . ) 3
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 25, 1843, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct927/page/8/
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