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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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EESDS . —Housb Robbket . —On Sunday evening last , during the absence of the family % t a Tjlace of worship , the house of Mr . Charles Sharp , § bo « naker , Upperhead-rpw , -was entered by means af skeleton beys ; the thieves obtained a silver lever 5 nich and some articles of silver plate , bat no jnoDey . -No trace has jet been obtained ef the depredators . Highttat Robbebt .- On Saturday evening , the ¦ wife of Thomas Mennell , who resides -near the Green jissx , on the DeWBDnry road , was stopped by a man , when near the chapel , in Beeston-lane , who stole from her person a silk purse containing , . seven shillings in silver , twopence in copper , and a bead guard .
Stodes Death . —On Tnesday morning , an inquest Iras hel-i at the Court House , before John Blackburne , E ? q- to enquire concerning the death of Joseph jhmbj- The deceased " was forty-three years of age , and resided nnder the < hapel , on St . Peter's HHl ^ lie iaa been to Oxford Place Chapel on Snnday even-Ing , in his usual health , and returned home about ten Eiinute 3 pa = * Bine o ' clock . Yery shortly aftei entering his own hou £ e , he sat down in a chair , and died instantly . He had been subject to a complaint of the heart , and no doubt a End den spasra vras the eause of his de&th . Ihe Jury returned a verdict in ¦ accordance with the circumstances .
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¦ Is TH 2 New Tori Inquirer of the 20 ih of Feb . ^ re find a list of bankrupts occupying six columns , printed in small type , and containing at the lowest ^ ompntaiion JW ) defaulters . I ! xecciio 5 at Lincoln . — On Eriday last Thos . Johnson , aged twenty-eight , suffered the extreme penal ? v of the law on ihe new drop at Lincoln Castle . The cnlprit had been found guilt ? of the murder of Elizabeth Edison , an aged woman , residing at Croft . The ^ onwrarse of spectators \ o witnss bis awful ead could not have been less than 8 , 000 . —Doneaster Gaz .
SSSSSI O ? A MUBDKHEB . —SxBAJfGB COTSCWESCK . —On the 7 th inst . head-constable David Bankin , stationed atDromore , near Omagh , in the county of Tyrone , arrested a maa passing through Dromore , on < = nsp rion of being the man charged in the Hue and Cry wiin the murder of John Dawson , at Ayr , in Scotland , in the month of November last . The person said his mane was "William Smith , tara > er , from Dublin . He was fully coiuinitted to Omagh gaol , hut was discharged on the 1 / th instant , by order of Chief Justice Dohenj . On leaving the prison , noweTer , so strong was the head constable 8 ihe described
ooarieaoa itaz the wan was person . as the murderer , that he again arrested him , and lad him a second time committed . His was most fortunate for lie e » ds of justice , as that Tery night a peace-ofioer arrived from Scotland , and ont-of ihiry-four prisoners turned out in the gaol-yard nexi morsizs , in the prison dres 3 , the officer at once identified the man bo strangely arrested , as the person charged with the murder . His name is Wm . Slnrphy , a native of the county of Kildare . We undersiand £ 100 reward was offered for this man's apprehension . —Londonderry Standard .
¦ AnrpsPrTKTnc Changes . —Although changes m the temperature are nsore prevalent in the temperate » ne than in oier latitudes , there is scarcely a spot to be found where such great differences exist as in Great Britain , varying in 3 few bonrs twenty degrees or more . The eff-ct of such rapid changes on the bodily health i 3 very afflicting to many thousands of persons , especially those in ibe middle and xaore ad-Tanced ages of life , causing attacks of those painful disorders , Sciatica . Gout , and Rheumatism . Happiiy , tho 5 ewhoareaffictedwiththosepainful diseases , chemical science has produced that excellent medicine , Blair ' s Gout and Rheumatic Pills .
Is EyGLASDj before the redaction of postage , the annual amount of property found in dead letters , was abom £ 443 . 0 f-0 . Since the reduction it has only bren about £ 298 , 000 . The facility of the money-order system has , no doubt , had its influences , but some thing perhaps must be allowed for the system of prepayment . "There is now no such temptation to refuse a letter post-free , as formerly existed with an unpaid one , and especially a doable letter , which any letter with an iaclosnre was . Many a . money-letter , we have no doubt , was unwittingly refused under the old system . Besides , the apparent increased security which , considering the increase of letters , is remarkable , may result from "the practice now pretty general , of acknowledging letters , and the general facility of correspondence . The receipt of a money-letter 13 easily sanonnctd . The effect of the adoption of the penny postage on the money-order system , appears Jo have doubled the poundage received immediately .
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HOUSE OF COMMONa—Peidat , Habch 24 . A somswhat animate *? preliminary discussion arose en the motion for tbe peend reading of the Factories BilL It was urged , by varioia Members that both the principles and detaib of the bill required careful and mature consideration 5 and Sir Jasixs Gsxeam promised that , if the second reading were now taken , he would not propose the committee on the bill i £ U after Easter . The motion for ihe second reading was Sim put ; and Mr . Zwabt contended that the education clauses of tbe bill had -dissari-Sed every Dissenting body , from the Wesleyans to the Unitarians . He objected to the theological system which was sought to be established , which he eoaddered to be based on injustice , and exclusive towards the Dissenting
comms-T Ehe TLzrl of Ajhtsds , admitted that the Government iad gone as far as they could in a liberal spiritfint he feared that without some amendment , the clauses would , under certain circumstances be disadvantageous to rhe Roman Catholic body . Mr . GjiLT £ > 7 ght said that a certain sectionhe loped not a large one—of the Cbnrcb were as arach alarmed about these edneatkm clauses 33 the Dissenters . The inference which he drew , wa ? , that the measure of ihe Government was the juste milieu the
— gcxuen mean ; and ht hooed thai the principles on which it ws 3 bastd wonld be extended to the Jura ! popnarion . * lx- Haws -wa ? satined that the more the nature of the education elausts , was made inosra , the more 1 \ Dsi 2 e trzvld become the fetlkiEs of ihe religious and L TS&ntnig commuzizj towards item . On behalf of the' JJissenieTs , be j > Tot-= ied » ga ? nst a scheme which gave" «> the Church of E- s 5 and power over a national fed for exclusive eccca Jon , and tbe eff . ct of which would be ? o sharpen Ten&r'us animosities
Sir ^ xH ss Geaham rstrrrticd ihe tone which bad been ta . ^ ca by iir . HaWlS , and bad hoped that , after tie cl ? , v-staadiag whie .-. pr . vaHed , tbe second raad-^ S -k-c i ^ c \ i 3 Te pas = e d ttj-coei a discussion on details , •" ore jiM ce had been dose to the Government « hcm , fey . '^ ord / . eodtl , whote fears on behalf of tne Rvnun 1 -athoiie b ^ uj , ai = vreil as tho ^ e of the ir&n ; of j > -. * curer 5 . miebt be obviated by tbe cons ^ erEricn ths . * Jie schoolmaster was not intended to M a ccffiXQesi . " «« r on the Scriptures , but imply a cemmaiieaior c * ideas or of meaning . The object of wenisascre was ¦ n-jjaesiionably to secure tbe reli-Sf ^ stniriutm \ M the young—to rescne tbem from Le Pascal isS . it 1-HJ hi which they were growing DP' iN o laige r ^ nfcl - oe of edncation could be carried
«* o i $ ~ ci mth'm 1 he aid and co-operation of the UiiireJij acd lookin X back to the disturbances of last Angosi , -Khich we *® laarnJj tarried on by youths ™ J ^ n 1 ej ghieeD to twt T * y two years of age , he was sKiaed that if scn ^ -. Tieh project as this had been ^ " ¦ fi ed nito eS * et ttD y ? . vs ago , we might have been f ? 4 ^ those scenes . He was exceedingly desirous i ^ J ^ ^ consideratH ^ to every objection urged Jlne Dissenters , and to r > tk » v « alf ansbJeufty ; and at the
rf *? * ^ ^ ae Hocse not ^ Place bill id jeof *™! p # s cu 5 ? in 2 it in an i ^ S * y or jealous spirit . * a bsoEGE G&i _ i -wE = « ati- -fied that the Govern-7 ™ ~ 2 d brought fenrard the > nll in an honest spirit dST *? . claaS £ s hat they hao' failed in giving due rZ . ^ HJar rnjention by the dt tails of the measure ^^ 'Bctt , for icstssce , 0 / the bin in it 3 present t ^ wca . d be to ixelu-e scb oo taasters who were ££ ¦¦ ffiuEbors ef tLe Hr sblisned t ~ &arch : and the f ^ -t ' -EEth eknse . -5 , ^} , TrKTtPm to ihe selection of
~ ?™ Sj was also scsteptib-e of impro , enient , such aa ffi- to ^ e Commiitee of tiv ^ P"vy Counfe&L Lcncatoa - Be wss cesirons of 1 ' « " >« all ob-SSj ^ ' * ^* 116 bU 1 xeadered QniTfcrsaB J rB ^ J ^ H- Isgus cSaimed for the i . '« tablislied jTr ^ ns consiiiuiional rigbt of beisg the * aiprcme thsten * , "P « 0 P » h 13 ^ a ™ J' ¦* Uon t 0 ^ Wll W 25 , tliatit dia not assign to it a si iffieient ^ aitence . There was no occasion for alarm tte tw 6 ** - the management of the schools ,- for jjjj- ^ ni each union need net necessarily be £ ¦?«*» of the Church ; and he , for one , wonld iiot ^ S ^* 8 e "Ae istablishaenJ by any mmecssa » -T ^™ aee to the threats or taunts of Diseentere ,-tt > Z ~ £ *; 5 BQSt ^ e fery cool , or theirimmbers much jT ^ pKeMeehyj ^ iat the entire numberwhoiave rtne ^ pi selves of tbe right of being married : ^ » i » thanby theriteaofthe EstabliEliinentisonly ! rt-Y ^ ¦ ¥ -no did not ctjtkjxb Ieb second reading of
M 3 £ * t would be on the condition that no material ^ Sfofth ^ Cif U introdnced z *™™ *« tne ™ - \ Gto ™~ T . ] idlc * ^ notion of a B strong " ^^ nment _ being overawed by lie Church , for laaT ^^ F teneS t , it would appear , we were | ° ^ ittamed , and"bnried . What had this sopreme S 5 w ° L th& P ^ P * ° * fOT ^ enit I * ^ as ^ posible that the people of England wonld sub-
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mlt to the thraldom imposed by this bill 1 he claimed for _ every person in the eonntry , withont reference to religious distincMons , a sufficient education , the national cost of which "wonld be true economy , in the abatement of immorality and crime . Mr- Aclatvd was averse ; o a diTision of edacation into religious and secular ; and hoped that no alarm would be raised on absolute principle , sieing that the success of the bill , which he honestly supported , would depend on the spirit in which it was carried into operation by all classes . Mr . FsASClS Babing would be glad to see introduced amongst the body of trustees a representation of ihe rate-payers , so as to give them something like a control over the expenditure of the money whicn they would be called upon to pay . It was of great importance that the bill should be carried , not by dint of numbers , but by cordial support and cooperation . After some observations from Mr . Hardy ,
Mr . Milher Gibson said he had so many objections to the bill , that he could almost reconcile it to himself to oppose the second reading . The provisions ef the bill were confined to cotton and silk mills , and it would therefore operate as a displacement of labour , by driving children to pin-making , nail-making , & . « . This was no imaginary difficulty , as was evidenced by the operation of the sehooi « lanses in the existing Factory Bill , of which Mr . Saendkrs , one of the factory inspectors , reported that they had placed the young persons in manufacturing districts in a worse position than before , and had prevented no less than -40 , 000 children from
entering factory employment . The vice and immorality complained of did not exist amsngst those regularly employed in cotton factories , in which the strict diicipline was favourable to good habits , bnt amongst tbe unsettled and migratory population , whom the bill would not reach . The compulsory attendance at church on Sundays would be viewed as a very grievous oppression by the working classes of Lancashire , where it would be felt as an infringement of liberty to be deprived of the option of having their children ' s company . Another objection was the deprivation of the constitutional right of control over the expenditure of the funds raised for education .
Mr . Markers SurroN thonght that the operation of the present measure would be to attract young persons to factory employment , instead of driving them from it . Mr . Cowpeb was satisfied that , looking to the state of the population , and the conflicting claims of rival parties , tbe present bill was the most practical measure that could be proposed . Lord Ashlet vindicated himself from the imputation of neglecting the rural population by stating that the documents from which he drew his facts
: related to the dense masses in manufacturing towns ; I and , though he did not hold up the agricultural disj tricte as faultless , he considered that it was the duty ; of landed proprietors to see that their tenantry were brought cp in loyalty to their Sovereign , and in the : faith and fear of God . He adduced sums details to . shew the necessity of the bill ; and seeing that there [ was a disposition on both side 3 to find some common point on which they might unite in the great werk , of education , he entreated tbe House to secure the 1 present blessed season of opportunity for Wiping , away our national disgrace .
Mr . Cobdks knew , from his own experience , that Dissenters were not of themselves sufficient to carry out a scheme of national education . But the majority of the working classes in Lancashire were either Dissenters , or of no religion at all ; and they wonld object to be compelled to pay rates for instruction in the tenets of the Established Church . The depravity of Manchester had been specially exhibited ; but the very parish in which the House of Commons stood was more depraved than anything that could be shown in Manchester 4 and a large portion of the property in it belonged , to the Dean and Chapter of Westminster . He did not adduce this , or the condition of the agricultural districts , as a reason why no religions instruction should be afforded to Manchester , but as an evidence of the neglect of the Church ,
and as a proof that the present measure did not take a sufficiently expanded view of the subject of education . Sir JB- HL Itglis had claimed for the Church the right of being the " supreme instructress " of the people ; bnt ihe Church had grossly neglected its duty , and had no right to throw any obstruction in the way of general or secular education . The Dissenting ministers in the north of England had no disposition to oppose any measure of secular instruction ; but tbe Church roused jealousy and animosity bj perpetn&Hy intruding its claims . He would nol oppose the second reading of the bill , because he was anxious to promote any measure which tended to improve our grossly deficient system of education ; but there were clauses in it which would be fatal to its operation if not altered .
Mr . Dab » t believed that a Becular education was no guarantee of a moral population . After some observations from Mr . B . Bovz , Lord Johk RussKi was glad that this discussion had taken place , and had been conducted with temper , as it would tend to promote a similar spirit in the country , and ultimately promote the common object . The fact of & lar ^ e majority of the manufacturing districts being Dissenters , must be taken into account in passing such a measure as this ; aud there were various suggestions which might promote its smooth working . One important consideration was a noimal school for tbe training of a body of proper schoolmasters , for which the House , he was convinced , woHld willingly vote an additional grant . After a few observations from Mr . Ross , the question was put that the bill be read a second time , which was carried , aad the committee settled for Friday next .
The other orders of the day were then disposed of , one of which was the third reading of the Dog ' s Bill , which met , as Lord Akthdb Lexkox complained , with a dogged opposition , a division was taken , and the bill waa carried by 66 to 43 .
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NOTTINGHAM CHARTIST PETITION . Tbe following is the Nottingham Chartist ' s petition , agreed to at the Democratic Chapel , Rice Place , on the 21 st inBlant-To ihe Honoitrab' . t the Commons of Great Britain and Ireland in Parliament assembled . The Petition of Die inhabitants of Nottingham in public meeting assembled , Sheweth , —That your petitioners deeply deplore the disturbances -wbicb took place in August last , and
being opposed to anarchy , confusion , and violence , they feel bound to state Chen conviction that much of the * xcitement and the evil consequences arising therefrom were produced and prolonged by tbe unconstitutional , arbitrary , and factions conduct of some part of the magistracy , which conclusion your petitioners have arrived at , from facts which at that time transpired in the district in which your petitioners iwside , and -which facts they feel convinced that they « balJ be able to prove if ingniry was instituted for that purpose by yonr Honourable House .
That the conduet of the magistracy not ODly had the effect of prolonging the distnrbance , bnt i many instances their treatment of the parties who were apprehended during and subsequent to the same distur ^ bances on charges of being connected tberewitb , was UueonstitUtiona'Uy anfl nnnect-. ss&rily severe , and founded upon an assumption of power unknown to the lawa , which y ^ ur petitioners submit is the worst of tyranny , and a grievance and oppression to which her Mnjasty ' s liege snbjects ought not to be subjected , and in other in * tancfcs . as traa the case in the district in which your petitioners reside , the manner of selecting tbt > parties previous to their fei . imlaation who were so apprehended ,
andjhe expressions made use of by ihe magistrates at their examinations , and tbe means which were made use of to obtain their convictions , upon their trials , and at which trials in this district the same magistrates who appreheaoed ana committed tbe prisoners presided , was an outrage upon tbe proper and impartial administration of laws , and as such waa calculated to lessen the respect for the laws , Bnd cause a repulsive feeling to exist towards tcose who administer them , to the sreat detriment of her MnjeBty ' a liege Mj ^ jtsta and the peace of these realms , instead of producing those salutary effects which would arise from a due administration of jastice .
W-e theref ^ re hope that you will institute SBch inquiry as will lead to & full investigation of tbe facts of the case , asd prevent as far as may be a recurrence of the like lamentable circumstances , and your petitioners wiil ever pray . Signed on behalf of the meeting , R . T . iloKEisoci , Chairman . Nottingham . March 2281 , 1843 .
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TO THE ZD 1 TOB OF THE NORTHERN STAB . 1 1 Sik , —On Saturday last , the millocrate of Holmflrth , ' and the neighbouiaood , callwi a public meeting for the purpose of adopting a petition , praying for an immediate repeal of the Com Laws . Having received an invitation from the Chartists of the above locality , I attended , and on Friday evening , delivered a lecture , in the Chartist room , on tbe snbject of Chartism , and ' ¦ the fallacy of Corn Law Repeal , onlesa accompanied ' by other measures . At the close of the lecture , I j invited discussion , but no persoa appearing the Chair . i man remarked that as he intw there were many per-! sons in Hb ^ Toom , who were opposed to Chartism , and its principles ., and-as they had now an opportunity of 1
¦ ! meeting an advocate of Coartlsm , he hoped they would i avail ttiemselTea of tbe opportunity , and at onw ceme } forward , ! The Chairman called upon a member of the League \ < s ; "bo wsj then present , and ~ who had previously expressed a wish to meet a Chartist in discussion , but even tiis gtxtlemax declined the invitation , though 1 couehod in courteous and gentlemanly terms . No ! opp * nrnt appearing , tbe meeting then terminated , the best fteDng prevailing in favom * of Democracy . On 8 atod * y afternoon , I again waiked over te Holmfirtb , intending to take a part in the public meeting , but no sooner hud I arrived in the Graveabip , than 1 was ' told that the constables had receives ! orders to arrest me , if I dased to attend tea meeting at the Town HalL
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Despite of this threat I went to the meeting , and there found a great number of the working classes , waiting outside ; and as a considerable ' time had elapsed , and the doors—unopened * ave when tho League gave admittance to those of tneir own party , I requested the Chartists to appoint a chairman , and was just preparing to deliver a lecture in the open air , when the door was opened , and I accordingly entered with the rest and made my way to tbe platform ; no sooner had I gained ths same than I was rudely met by three of the Leagne party , who immediately told me that if I did not immediately leave the building they would give me in charge of the constables , who were then in attendance ; one of the three asked me if I was an inhabitant of the Grave ( referring to the Graveship of
Holma ) I toM him that I was an Eoglishman , and as such would n . ot answer his iusolent interrogations Another of the League ( whoso copper-coloured face displayed his devotion to tbe bottle ) displayed bis intelligence by calling me a " D—d Tory tool , " and heaped upon me every uugenileruanly epithet hifl malignity could devise . Daring this altercation a chairman was proposed in a way not at all to be admired by the friends of fairplay , for the geutUman who took the chair was carried bv some twenty persons , although there could not be less than 700 or 800 persons in the room , notwithstanding which the gentleman took thechair . after a shortspeech introduced a Mr . Tinker to tne meeting , who opened fire by stating that the working classes of this country were perishing by thousands .
and all in consequence of the operation of the Corn Laws . How such men as Mr . Tinker tiare venture to remind the poor of their poverty , when they know full well that they ( the manufacturers ) have , by the introduction of machinery , done more to crush Ihe labour of the poor , than any other body in existence , is beyond my powers of comprehension ; but , Mr . Editor , much has bees said of the dangerous sentiments of Chartism , and the folly of its leaders ; will it be believei that this Ur . Tinker , actually told the meeting that be would lather see tbe poor perish by tbe sword than submit to be starved out of existence . No doubt he would j no doubt be could like another strike , another commission , another league outbreak , in order to intimidate the Government and crush at the same time the stern and unyielding principle of democracy , which has hitherto
laughed to scorn the malice of its Send-like foes . Mr . Tinker spoke -of breaking op the foundations of society , and by txptessiona such u these strove » o spread abroad the venom of his malignity ; bnt tbe working men would not listen to his wild rhapsodies , and be was met by such a burst of terrible execration , that he turned pale aud seemed ready to faint At this critical moment , some cf his friends handed him a \ t orange , and he uncked and stammerud , and Bhook and stormed , more like a maniac than » Christian mau . Talk of sucking pigs , but this gentleman , although much given to grunting , nevertheless he , on Saturday last , displayed , for the amusement of bis audience , all the properties of a sucking goose . The Leaguers were perfectly paralysed when they witnessed the strong epirit of opposition which Mr . Tinker ' s 8 peeoh had created .
The Chairman , nevertheless , introduced another gentleman , a perfect Demosthenes , a fair sample of middle class intelligence . I would have sent you the pith of their arguments , but , alas ! I am unable ; for nothing like argument was produced . Nothing bat fastian , fame , rant , and vulgar declamation . At this point of tbe proceedings , the Chairman was about to put the motion , but he was stopped , by Mr . Cunningham , ( a Chartist and an inhabitant of the Gravel , who moved an amendment to the original motion , which he did In a masterly manner . He was followed by another Chartist ( whoss name I am not acquainted with ) , who nobly performed his duty . The motion and amendment were then submitted to the meeting , and the amendment was carried despite of the manvuvring of the Chairman .
At this stage of the proceedings , tbe disappointed Ltagners seemed anxious to kick up a row . Accordingly , not 'Wishing to give them a pretext , I told my friend Cunningaam to give it oat from the platform that I would proceed to the Chartist lecture room , and deliver a lecture , in the coarse of which I would prove that the Leaguers concocted aud carried out tbe late strike , and that I would admit discussion come from whatever source it might . When Cunningham made this announcement , a party of the L « agutrs rushed upon him ,, and the ruffians cut him from the Hp to tbe chin . I myself saw bis arms livid and discoloured from the effects of the treatment
he met with at the hands of these mild and mercenary g * n tl »> nien . But to be brief : I lectured to a large and animated audience ; instancing the conduct of the Leaguers , their freqnent attempts to crush Chartism by bludgeoning its advocates ; their conduct during the strike ; and tbe means taken to effect the same . I challenged dlscussieh , but in vain . The creatures of tbe League , although present , were dumb , and durst not speak ; snd from the spirit displayed tj the CaartiStB of Htilmnrth , I feel assured that the humbug question of repeal will not be revived in Hoimnrth again for some time ; for never did the Leaguers Experience a more signal and inglorious defeat .
Mr . Tinker stated that the League did not , like the Tories , employ aa Irish orator . What aa egregious ass this Mr . T . must be , or ho would have known that the lasagne owe much to the services of the Great Irish orator , O'Connell , not to mention Irishmen with long names , * uch as—R . K . R . fcc , and many otkers to whom I might allude . Hoping you wiil give tbia a place in your next , J remain , Yours respectfully , On behalf of the Chartists of HolmSrtb , D . ROSS . Bradford , March 23 d , 1813 . [ We regret that this was not received in time for our last . Ed 3
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Mr . Charter , the superintendent of police , spoke to the disturocd stale of to- ,- >> wt , pror to cde defendant's visit . One or two polc-iti-. n h't ^ i i , ean injured , an < t such was the excitement of tv ~ people that n » did uot suffer a poliseman | to go about the streets alone . This being the cose for the prtw-jcution , The defendant deliver d a most able and eloquent address to the . Jury , which occupied nearly four hours . The situation in which he was placed was not only novel , bat painful , for although be had been born aud brought up amid the wreehednesa which is tbe lot Of tne working man , he had < n < sver before been charged with an offence agaiust the Jaws of bis country , and his ckaractet would beaT a fair comparison with those who had placed him in that situation . He had to grapple with
many difficulties , with ; the ingenuity of counsel , with legal technicalities , yea , even with the prejudices of that class to which tbe Jury themselves belonged . He stood , however , at that bar , the representative of great principles , and he was proud of the honour of bein g selected as a victim of persecution , because of his political opinions . He did not lament his not having the aid of counsel , for he should despise an acquittal obtained by unmanly quirks and leea ) quibbles . Some persons in hia situation had been h Derated on their consenting to enter into recogniziacea to keep the peace , and thus compromising the freedom of di = cti 3 sio : i , which was tfee birthright of every Englishman . He would not accept such terms—he wouM agree to no compromise—he waa there to ask for justice—stern , unbending- justice , and he demanded it for biiosrlf and for his country , in- the name » f the great B ^ ing by whom they had sworn to act justly . It waa notorious that for many years the class to which the Jury b ^ loag ^ ci had had no sympathy
with his class ; and it ! was therefore possible that they might view his case through the dorteuud medium of prejudice , and feel a strung pre-incliuation to convict him . But they did noti sit thero as the representatives of any political body—jthey did not occupy that jurybox as members of either the Whig or Tory factienthey were placed tht-r . ' iaa the arbitrators between him and the Governnitnt ^ -they were there to decide whether he had not i' -flioted an injury on society , and all political considerations nnd opinions should be discarded from their consideration . His persecutors were of that class whom he bad al ways been taught to look spoil as his enemies , because of their unequal and unjustr legislation ; but no persecution would make him abandon bis principles , which wctw as dear to his heart as gold to the missr—as unchecked tyranny to the soul of the tyraut . He did not feur tbe eunsequences of their verdict , whatever it might be . He was prepared for any doam which awaited him : —
" 'Tis better to livo in Freedom ' s hall , With a cold damp floor aud ipoulncring wall , Than to bend the neck , or crouch the knee , In tbe proudest palace of slavery . " They had heard of lar ^ re and tnranltiu us assemblages of the people in the ' cow ^ n of Leicester . Had they been instigated by him to muefc together for the purpose of intimidating any cIi * b i » f society ? Could they have been , when the riots apbken of bad taken place seven days before he had ever visited the place ? No test had been laid down by iwhich it could be shown that the language be had used had an inflammatory tendency ; and unless they were furnished with the context , it would be most unfair to form an opinion aa to the [ nature and tendency of
his discourse . He pave to the charge a broad and unqualified denial ; ho solemnly asserted that he never anticipated or desired the consequences which it was said his language was calculated to produce . Ho had never desired tbe vi ^ Uvtioxi of the public pyace , en the destruction of property . Gfod forbid ! Every act of his life—every feature of tus character—proved him to be the advocate of peace , of order , of strict obedience to the laws . The evidetio 3 against him was grossly absurd and palpably untrae . The hired witnesses against him could listen ; with calm indifference to the language he had u * <\ : "svbat prouf , thtn , could they g ive that it hod iuflmied the minds of others ? If to obtain the applause ( as bad been stated ; of hie countrymen were a criminal Act : then would he own himself
guilty . If to point out the grievances wh'ch oppressed the class to which be belonged , and show the remedy to be obtained by peaceable au « d constitutional means , were criminal , theu lie vn > ul 1 i \ o ledger labour to prove niiuself innocent If h- ^ i-. wi kild them that they wore w «) l fed , well clothed , veli educated by their oppressors , would they have appl mrted him ? TlJe vtry fact of his haviuK obtained the applause of hi > audience proved that troth and jastico were on his side . He did not deny that tbe persons whom he addressed had felt a certain degree of excitement . Ho was proud to have witnessed it . Buc it . was a vlrtucus excitement , and not of the character wiikb the learned gentleman for the prosecution had wisaki the jury to believe . Why was man gifted with feelings aud sympathies if they
Were not to be aroused ? V ? hy bad the Creator implanted in their hearts an unconquerable hatred of tyranny , and au undyii'g Iov « of freedom , if they were not to express the sentinienta by which they were inspired 1 Why was the tfieulty of unbounded thought grafted on man ' s nature , if it was criminal to exercise it in the cause of frr-edom and righteousness ? He had advocated the ilestriitdon of iujufctke wherever te waa to be found , &tui the estabiisnruent of a better system , when every i » Mvi ( iu ; l would practice the fundamental principles of Christianity—to du to others as they would be done by thtiusclVvS . If uniformly to advocate the principles of fteeioni and of truth , and honestly to exprets hu hatrtd of tyraivy , in whatever guise it might be found , was i--g indictable ofiVuce , then
ttiey were ooand to find him gviilty . If the sacred name of liberty had beooaie st : litiou in tbe presuit state of society , thfn would he rather pass the ien-minder of his dajs in a aolitaiy c < H , jwhtsru , as le > st , u * could commune with tho happy spuit of freedom , and dream of her future triumph , wuen virtue would be practistd , and happiness spread throughout the world . The Witnesses who bad beeu ca . 'led admitted that there had been no disturbance at tbe meeting ; but two witnesses who were before the iLagislratua bud bam kept buck , because they bad then made admissions which it would not have served t ' ie purpose of the prosecution to have had submitted to the jury ; they were both respectable men . The persons who hart been called were interested paities , in the p-y <> f the prosecutors . If the two witnesses who had be * -n 'k ' .-pt back had given their evidence on his trial , he rtsiJly believed the learned
gentleman opp Bed U > him would have withdrawn the charge againBt him . Tuc defendant went on to coutend that he had not used the language attributed to him ; both of the witnesses v-ha spoke to it had not taken a note on tbe spot , but trusted to their memories ; they had been schooled into the part which they hud played ; they had been told that if ihe jury shoul't kUOW the context , if they had heard theUaole of hia address , they could not convict him . The men who had been Killed Wbre iucapable of cpmpvtibending the meaning of any sentence which posseted tLe least profundity of thought , and it would be great irjuetice to rely upon the sentences which thty ha ^ given , concoc&ed , as they had been , from one or two idetacbed phrases , uud tortured by the ingenuity of : those who had sent them to the meeting into expresses of a violent character . Tke Uefendant proteedttl to cond . mn she police force as an innovation on the original cx / nsf . ituUou of the
country , copied from detsp uc guveruiaeuts , aua stated that he would not purchase au ncquiUal by say tug that he approved of the L stUutiyn of sucii a force , or the general conduct of the men who belonged to it Ha Bad always advocated peace aud ordor , but , it waa true he hud deuouue ^ u the tiovernintat aa tyrannical . Mr . Baron Gurnet ( with vehemence)—Then you have done wrong , ts ; i ; efii . » i ; ly wrong . We know notbiJtg ot you , air . ' . The Dependant—Th . it ^ was my conviction , my Lord . ' . Mr . Baron Que . net—You may hold your convictions aa you pitase , ! Sit ; but jou h&ve no right to hold out to the people that , the Govcruiueui ia tyrannical : that ' s a crime .
The Defendant—I will , contrast my language with that used in 1831 by the v « rj' el ^ istrate who cc / Hjnitite > l me . I am the disciple of the ; : git ; ti .. > rij of that poiou , and , whilst following their example , the lauguage attributed to me is much less uiftamt&&toiy th % n that which I can ahow was ueetl . Mr . Baron Gurnet—I cannot all jw it The Defendant—Contrast the language used by me witb that used in 1831 by ; Mr . Mellor , one of the learned counsel for tbe prosecution , which I will reaa from tbe Leicester Chronicle . , Mr . Baron 6 uuNi . v--i will n"t allow anything yon are supposed to have said { to be justified by what might have been said by other peoj . ie . 1 nave nothing to do with that .
The Defendam—I am merely saying that I did not use such expressions as vrereiUoed by these jjau'ilemeu , even supposing that whut the witness have said is true , which 1 flatly deny . 1 km not going to put them in as evidence , my Lord . Mr . Baron Gurnet—V « ry ! wdl . It cannot be given in evidence , and therefore cannot bo introduced here . The Defendant continued— If he bad expressed his opinion of the police , his own class bad been vilified with impunity . Had they uot been called a dirty , unwashed , swinish multitude , tjpon tbe paltry evidence which the jniy had heard he J tad been dragg « d from his bed at midnight to a gaol ; and kept four weeks in confinement there waiting for bail . Be was on his way home Ho Liverpool , his native town , when he was
invited to deliver the lecture which had been complained of . Two persons went to the Mayor to ask if- they ought not to meet He said be did cot know whether they had a right to do so or not Why did be not send a policeman to tell him he oaght sot to be there ? If he bad done 80 , he ( the Defendant ) would have left * Instead of which be said he would hold the lecturer responsible fox the peace of the town , and he was willing to be responsible . No disturbance of any kind had taken place . Bat there -Was ; a secret cause for this prosecution—he was a Chutist . ilr . Baron Gv&xkt—You are not charged with being a Chartist here . The reason why there was no farther disturbance might have been Itbat you were at once taken Into custody . i
The defendant—It Is of no ; use for me to proceed farther witb my defence , I would convince yon , g « uttemen , of my innoctnee if allowed to adopt the line of defence which I bad marked oat for myself . Defendant Went on to observe—What became of the boasted right to assemble publicly and discuss their griev&mes , if they were to be { dragged away to a dungeoa for expressing their opinions at peaceable meet-
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ings ? If the Jury found him guilty , their v et would justify the government in any attempt wmcll th « y might make to suppress the liberties of tue people ; and thus any man who raised his voice a ^ iost existing institutions—aneh , for instance , as churchrates—might bo arrested and thrust into gaol . Lord Ji ) hi > R < iR » t ) ll bad said that the government had nothing to dread from public discussion . He ( defendant ) wished the people to obtain a gteat and permanent victory over class legislation , by the-moral energy of public opinion , exercising its giant power in the . various chao * nda which the law allowed . And they had discussed their gdsvauces at the meeting in question without the least intention—God forbid—ot osing any other than peaceable and constitutional means to obtain h ra «
dress of them . Tbe defendant then alluded to the dbMge of Chief Justice Tindal at Stafford , and argued froas it that it aras unjust to take detached words from » long addrjss , without reference to the context , and found a chaiiiti upon them . He also weufc at great length into an ex . inmation of the language which it was sai . i he hiid uaeti , and endeavoured to shew that , even supposing it correct , it could not have the tffact which tke i&diofc . ment alleged . la conclusion , he contended that socmty was not properly constituted far mntx ' B physical and moral happiness , and he was , therefore , justified in urging his audience t » adopt auch means as would tend to esttb'ish a better state of things . Tbe defend tni concluded a very able address ; by stating that he should leave bin case in the hands of the jury , confident chat the refiuit must be a a verdict of acquittal .
Mr . Baron Gdhnet briefly rtJOivpituJaied the evidence , and , in no very equivocal terms , expressed his conviction of the defendant ' s guilt . The Jury having retired , for half aa hour , returned with a verdict of Guilty , stating that they thought the defendant bad used the words charged agaiust him umier feelings of great excitement . Mr . Baron GDRKEY sentenced the defendant to six mouths' imprisonment , and to enter iuto hi » iwa recojfi ^ Zinces in £ 200 . aad find two sureties in £ 26 each , to fceup the peace fsr three years . . The trial lasted until ten o ' clock at night , aud concluded the business of tbe assizes .
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From the London Gazette of Friday , March 24 BANKRUP 1 S . Tkomaa Hawkins , St . John-street , carrier , to surrender April 4 , M ; iy 1 , at twelve o ' clock , at the B * . -, fcrupta' C' ut . Solicitor , Mr . Nichols , Middle-templelane ; official assignee , Mr . Graham , BasingbalWatrest . JS'iward Tunu-vine , Canterbury , porter-merchant , Apr 1 4 , at eleven , May 5 , at twelve , at the- Bi . ofc » rupts' Court Solicitors . Messrs Barron and Cuiten , Bloomabury-jquare ; official assignee , Mr . GiD . on , Basinsh&i i-8 treet . John Kimy , Brooksbystreet , Islington , victualler , April 4 at t > vo , May 5 , at eleven , at the Bankrupts ' Court . Solicitor , Mr .-Cox , Size-lane ; official assu-nae , Mr Gretn AWlfcrmanbury .
Jimiwi Giobs , Jermyn-street , Westminster , sonv-n ?^ April 8 . at baif-p * 8 t eleven , at the Bankrupts'O ' - 'ir * . Solicitor , > tr . Savage , Henrietta-street , Co * ' otgarutn ; offi ial assignee , Mr . Edwards , FredericK ' splaue , Oiii Jnwry . J <> h" G'vz * r Hawdan , Three Nuns-court , Aldermanbury , aad Canonbury-villas , Islington , commissionagent , April 7 , at half-past 1 , May 5 and 12 , at tho Bat-krui > ts' Court . Solicitor , Mr . Fisher , Serjenno ' a-Inn . Twuiple ; official assignee , Mr . Groom , Abcburjhlanc James Caard , Bristol , corn-factor , April 11 and Slay 9 , at eleven , as the Bankrupts' District Court , B ^ stoL Solicitors , Mr . Church , Bedford-row ; and Messrs D < m . mttt and Adney , Chard , Somersetshire ; official assignee , Mr . Morgan . Bristol .
Samufcl Tucker , Exeter , carrier , April 6 , at twe , May 4 , ai cue , at the Bankrupts' District Court , Exetez . Solicitors , Messrs . Terrell and Roberts , Exeter ; official assiirnee , Mr . Hirffcel , Exeter . Tnenm Pletcher , Loscoe , Dsrbysbire , grocer , April 8 , at half past twelve and April 29 , at twelve , at the Bankrupts' District Court , Birmingham . Solicitor , Mr . Jessop , Aifretou ; official assignee , Mr . Bifctiestoae , Birmingham . Juwqs Meadows , Wavertree , Lancashire , nif-ier , April 2 , at two , and May 2 , at eleven , al the Bankrupts' District Court , Liverpool . Solicitor . Mr . Booker , Liverpool ; and Messrs . Holme and Co ., Ntwinn ; official a ^ igu ^ e , Mr- Follett , Liverpool . . John Lucy , juii ., Liverpool , tailor , April 7 , and May 5 . at cltividii , ax tbe Bankrupts'District Court , Livari-ioL S" ) icitors , Mesa . - s . Francis and Dodge , Liverp '^ ol ; official assignee , Mi . Turner , Liverpool
tUmuel Diuka , Wednesbury , Staffordshire , sctvwmanufactorer , April 7 , at half-past ten , and 26 . at eleven , at » he Bankrupts' District Court , Birmingham . Solicitor , Mr . D ^ oks , Birmingham ; official assignee , Mr . Christie , Birmingham . John Hen ] op . Morpetb , Northumberland , grocer , April 8 , May 15 , at twelve , at tbe Bankrupts' District Ciurt , NewcasUe-upon-Tyne . Solicitors , Messrs . Crosby and Compton , Church-street , Oid Jewry ; and ivlr . Chirlton , Morpeth ; official assignee , Mr . Baker , N&wcasUe- u pi > n- Ty ne . Jubu Andet'&on , ASgburtb , Lancashire , plumber , April 6 am , 28 . at ei&von , at the Bankrupts' District Court , Liverpool . Solicitors , Messrs , Chester aad Toalicin , S ' . > ple-iaa ; aud MeBsra . Avason aud Pritt , Liverpool ; vtiicial acsiguce , Mr . Turner , Liverpool .
partnerships dissolved . S . Ddhick * ml Co ., Newton-heath , Lancashire , al 8 « brewers . S ~ ed and Co ., Morton , Yorkshire , cjsImiuera . J . Jjbason and & . Heatb , Salford , ssn&lK wart-niaTiuistctarera , J , and H . Bowwoft , Manchester , ironJoumiers . J . Turner and Son , Shelley , Yorkshire , wuo' ) eii-cioLh-ruanufacturers . W . Butter worth a . nd Sona , Kouhoaia , and Wood * street , Cheapside , woollm * . mauuf < u ; tiircrH . Mid wood and Brother , Manchester , fustian-manufacturers .
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- •¦ - From the Gazette of Tuesday , March 28 . BANKRUPTS . Thomas Idward Rowley , draper , Oxford-street , to surrender April 4 , at twelve , and May fl , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Whitmore , official assignee , Basiugaall-street ; solicitor , Parker , St . Paul ' s Chtttea-jvint . laaao Wilson , draper , TilUnghetn , Essex , April 7 , at half-paet ten , and May 9 , at half-past eleven , at the Court of B la&ruiftay . Alsager , official assignee , Birchin-isne ; soHc'tor , Dijiby , Maldon , Essex . Edward Perkins , cual-dealer , Hoxton , April 4 , and May 2 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Beloher , ' official assignee ; solicitor , Ashley , Shoiedilch .
CiiarJes Gilhy , wins-merchant , Greenwich , April 7 , at baif i > ast eifven , add May 9 , at eleven , at the Court of Biiik . uptcy . Graham , official assignee , Bvtsiv . ghili-street ; aoiicitor , Haipur , Kenningtoncrosa . J . tjbu Hu-rbprt G . oysr , oil man , Bermondsey-street , A , rii 6 ' , u . t L ; ili-p ; ut one , and Mdy 9 , at twelve , at the C > urt > f i 3 * £ iKnipicy . Groom , Abchorch-lane , oJ 3 ii ; . ji' asyiiijtJt ); solicitor , Wollen , Bucklersbury . R-.-b'jrt Conibeere and Edward Butler , jun ., woollendraped . iiirmiuKtuzn , April 11 , at one , and April 26 , at tw lve , ai . the Birmingham Court of Bankruptcy . Solicitors , Fisher , Bucklersbary j Tyndall and Soa , Birmingham . Jjsepb P > m , J an ., cabinet-maker , Belper , Darby , shw , April 11 and Ma- 3 , at eleven , at the Birmfngjh . am District Court . Clirutie , official assignee ; aolieitur , Ing ' e , Bfciptr .
SS . rauel lvalue , builder , Birm agham , April , 10 , at one . and > lay 6 , at twelve , ac ti . e Birauugbani r > £ a tr ct Cviirt . \ V fliLait / re , official assignee ; aoiicitor , Kj'iiirt , birminidiam . Jor . n i ' avtersn' . l , cool-dea ' . er , Old Lyons , Lancashire , April 12 - * ii . t 31-i ? 4 , at elevea : at the Manehrslcr District C urt S ' -anway , official assignee , Manchester ; Soitcitcr , Jotnson , Son , and Weatherall , King ' s Benchwicik , Temple . L'in . ! on ; Alcock aud Dixoa , Burnley ; Hall , Ciittsroe . Maurice St-sry , malt * tur , Swadwr , FiintaUire , Aprfl 11 und M ; j . 8 a % twelve , at the Liverpool District Court . K , r « i . affinal assignee , Liverpool ; solicitors , Robert" an <; Sm . ^ iol d , Flintshire ; Milne and Comp-iny , T' -n . ple L n < ion . St-iyi ' ^ n rir . -. mas , victualler , Y * rk , April 7 , and May 5 , at iWfci'j ^ a . * , the Lefcda District Court . Freeman , itti ' :. al i \ 9 t . i > Me . Leeds ; solicitors , B . E . and C . Smithsons , y .. rb : Bulmer , Leeds .
Ricfia-d B . ackburn and John Blackburn , clothmaDufactui ^ rs , Jiority , Yerksbire , April 8 . at eJevea , aD () May 2 , at twfl ^ e , at the Leeds District Court . Fuiroe official assignef ; solicitor , Biackburn , Lteiia . Jonatbau Bi > wiaan . woollen draper , Carlisle , Apiil io , at t- ^ o , a . ii May its at two . at the Newcaatle- 'apiu-T > ns District C ^ urt . Baker , ofiBcial assignee , NaWcastk-urxm Tyne ; solicitor , Ptiilip&ou , Newcastle . Juhn H « m . \ ersoB , wood merchant , Greenside , Durham , Apri ! 24 at haVf-pasfc eleven , and May 22 , at two , at tbu Ne * vc 3 Mfcli--ur > i > n-Tyne District Court-. Baker , official assign : e , Ncwcastltj-upon-Tyne ; solicitor , Crosby and Compton , c : arch-court , Oid Jewry , Lsudon ; Hoyle , Newcastle-upon-Tsne .
John Fletcher , bailer manufacturer , Matypoit , April 12 , at eleven , and May 15 , at two , at the Ne ^ castlenpon-Tyne District Court , Baker , official assignee , . New " - caotle-upon-Tyne ; soiioitor , Huthwaite Maryport j Taylor and Coiliason , Great James-street , Bedford-row , London . Henry Yeatman , chemist , Leachlade , Gloucestershire , April 7 , and M&y 8 , at twelve , at the Bristol District Cuurt . Acraman , official assignee ; solicitor , Barron and Cullen , BlooHisbtry-sqaare , London . James Duffield , draggist , Tewkesbury , " Gloucestershire , April 7 , aad May 8 , at eleven , , a \ the Bristol District Coutt . Aci * man , official assignee } Winter * betham and Thomas , Tewksbury .
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HOUSE OF LORDS—Fsxdai , Mxbch 24 . Lord Bbccghxh . gave notiee tiat he wonld , after faster , introduce a bill for the more effectual suppression of the Slave Trade . . Lord Cvhfbpll laid upon the table a bill for facilitating the transmission of real property . After some other ran tine business , the Bouse ad-JDnned .
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T O R ONTO , UPPER CANADA . Rob Roy , Tounge-street , February 25 th , 1843 . Worthy Brothers , —Having on leaving England , in March , 1812 . promised several brothers to write to them on the present prospec ' a of America , and conceiving such information maybe useful to members thinking of emigrating to this country , we have deemed it advisable to give it bri- fly through the medium , of the returns , a printed document issued fcy the masons' committee to the members fortnijfhtty . 11 should he known that the pnblio works in the United States have been partially , and in many instances , totally suspended since the failure of their banks . At the present time , they are wholly suspended . It has , however , been anticipated that these works will be resumed in the coming season . Bnt , judging from the speech of the Governor of New York { the richest State in tbe Union ) , and the public press of the UaTted States , little hopes can be entertained of tush anticipations being renlizpfi .
The public works in Canada proceed very slow ; and are magnified by the press into ten tinws their reality . The wages are much below the current wage . * of America , and the work ia generally done by that infernal bane , piece-work—double the number of mt-n being frequent !} ' kept to what the stone will employ . These things , together with the unhealthy situations in which the works are going on , make emigration to this cenntiy v * ry precarious and unadvisable , especially for those that depend on their trade fyr sub . ' istence . The only class of men we could at all advise to com « to this country , art ' those with families , having a little capital—say about £ 100 ; with this they could , if judiciously managed , purchase a rood plot of Jand , which would maintain
the family in comfort , and serve as a resort in duli times on which to employ themselves and families , duriDg the suspension of their trade . Those in this position are the only claaa of trade * mtu that are in a way at all to be envied . Trafie fluc t uates so much , and jobs are bo far asunder , that a man absorbs wha : he gains on one job in lookiDg for another . On the oiher hand , tbe produce of a farm sells so low , tbat a man has to toil bard for a mere subsistence . This climate , too , is very disagreeable to many Europeans ; in summer it is excessively hot ; in winter , ex ^ reina ' y cold . These disadvantages , -with the store pay system , rtrack system ; and other evils toe numerous to mention , will at once make it evident , that emigration to this country , under present circumstances , can by no nstans be advised .
Hoping the Soelery and its members are in health } and prosperous circurastnLc ^ s , We remain , truly , Ia tbe bonds of un'ty , JOHN WOBTIJIJiGrON ) „ „ _„ AlEXA . NDEH WILSON l Ma 80 BB To Thomas Sbortt , Secretary of tbe Masons , London .
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" THEY MANAGE THESE THINGS BETTER IN FRANCE . " A railroad is about to be constructed between Paris and the second city ir France—Lyons : and it is interesting to see how they set about these matters in that country . The Government delivers to the companies , free of all charges , the land rtijuired for the whole line * , undertakes to complete the earth works , tunnels , bridges , &o ., at its own expense , and builds all the stations and termini . The companies have to defray only the cost and laying down of the rails on roads constructed and levelled at the expense of tbe State , and to find the engine * , carriages , See ., for the working of the lines .
The serious expenses which have attended the forma , tba of railways in England , viz ., tbe purchase of the land , and the construction of the works , are thus avoided in France , and ^ the liabilities to error in the calculation of the eoat axe brotght within very narrow limits . The French Government will grant & lease of the line for a period of from SB to 46 years , rent free , at the expiration of -which teinr the Government ia to take possession of the railway , rod to reimburse to the company toe then actual value of tbe raila , engines , carriages , &c , to be determined by competent valuers named on each side .
France will be much traversed -when her railroads are dowa , and tbe more so , because we Buspect travelling will be much eheaper than in this eonntry . — Brighton Htrald .
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MIDLAND CIRCUIT .-Leicestkb , Marck 24 . ( Before Mr . Baren Gurney ) TRIAL OP WitLiAM JONKS . A CHARTIST 1 EADEE . ( From the Morning Chronicle . ) Williarn Jones , aged 21 , a smartly-dressed young man , who had b ' .-en out on bail , was placed at the bar upon an indictment , charging him with having used seditious language , and unlawfully endeavoured to excite the people against the police force and the army , at a large assemblage of persons , near the town of Leicester , during tbe disturbances in August last The case excited great interest ^ from the fact of its being consi . dered that Jones bud been sent to Leicester , to supply the place of Cooper , as also from the oratorical ability of the defendant , who , it was expected , would make a powerful appeal to the Jury . Mr . Waddinqton and Mr . Mellob conducted the prosecution .
Before the ; commencement of the trial , the defenfendant . stated that he had reason to believe that some of the jury were prejudiced against him , and he therefore wished to challenge them . i Mr . Baron Gurnet said he had uo right to do so , aa he was not charged with felony ; he might , however , give evidence to prove his statement correct . ^ Defendant eaid he thought be should have had a right to challenge the jury , and consequently he was not prepared witb proofs of the fact he had stated ; he was quite unaccustomed to the forms of a court of justice ,,:: He then requested that one or two friends might fee permitted to sit near bim at the table , to assist him in hia defence . * Mr . Baron Gurnet ( sharply )—They may sit behind . You have no business to bring everybody to this tablethat is tb . 6 place for barristers .
£ The witness box was immediately behind the defendant , which Ihe judge would not allow any other person to occupy . It may also be right to add , that there were only two or three barristers in Court at the Mine , thia being the last trial of tlio Assizes ] Mr . Waddington addressad tee jury for the prosecution . The Learned Gentleman commenced by imploring tbe Jury to dismiss from their minds any prejudice which they might entertain towards the defendant , and bring to tbe case a fair , calm , and just consideration . He then proceeded to state that the
indictment charged tbe defendant with having , on the 28 th of August last , in the borough of Leicester , addressed to a large number of persons a speech calculated to excite his hearers to an opposition to , and resistance of , the police , lie had libelled them in a most scandalous and inflammatory manner . He ( the Learned Counsel , admitted the right which Englishmen possessed of assembling together and freely discussing public grievances , and if they were of opinion that the assemblage in question was of a peaceable character , and that the defendant—although witb mistaken and'intemperate Real—Intended to lay before his fellow subjects grievances of a public nature , which demanded r ^ drosa , his only inti ntion being to state his opinion on such subjects , then he would at once tell them that he
was entitled te au acquittal . Although tbe right of free discussion might be exercised under circumstances of great delicacy , and sometimes public danger , yet if they thought the defendant had no intention to excite his hearers against tbose in authority , or induce them to violate the laws , they were bound to fire him the benefit of such an opinion , because the charge against him waB , that he could not but have bad such intentions ; and when they looked at the surrounding circumstances—at the state of the town and of tho country at the time when the defendant deliTer « 4 his oratien , as well as to the persons to Whom it was addressed , he , apprehended they would be obl'ged to come to the conclusion that he must have been actuated by the motives ascribed to him by tbe indictment . At the
time when the speech was delivered , a large number of the lower orders were ripe for insubordination , and it was difficult to keep them in obedience to the laws even without fooh inflimmatory speeches , A proclamation bad been issued by the Queun on tbe ° tb of August , in consequence of the state of the country , calling upon all parsons to preserve tbe public pence ; and a proclamation was also put forth a few days after , by the magistrates of the borough of Leicester , declaring all assemblage * of persons in considerable numbers illegal . The yeomanry cavalry bad been called oat . A portion' of them had been quartered at the county
gaol , and the police officers bad been insulted in the execution of their duty , about ten days before defendant tamo to Lbicester . On thejBvening of Sunday , tbe 28 * . b of August , ( a most improper day , ) the defendant attendad a » pri eipal speaker at a meeting of some thousands , and delivered the speech which was the subject of tbe indictment He was tvn itinerant lecturer and a perfect stranger in the town into which he had most improperly intruded himself upon that occasion , foT the purpose of calling the people together and haranguing them . The learned gentleman then proceeded to state the words complained of , which will be found in tbe subjoined evidence : —
Edward Marshall examined by Mr . Mellor—I am employed as schoolmaster and turnkey in the gaol . I here was great excitement prevailing in the town of Leicester in August last . There were night meetings . The yeomanry cavalry were called out for a fortnight Thay left on the 26 th . On Sunday , the 28 th of August , I went into the Pasture in the afternoon , bttween three and four . Defenvlant was addressing the people . It mined , and the meeting dispersed- Defendant said he should gfva a sermon or lecture , which tb ^ . y liked to all it at six o'clock in the evening . The Pasture is about 100 yards from the end of the Lower-street . I went in the evening about six . Jones came about halfpast . Toer < j were about 2 , 000 people there . Another nun addressed them befort Jones , jonea then gave out
the 13 th ver « e of the 3 rd chapter of the 2 nd of Peter . He gave an outline of tbe history of the yeomanry cavalry and militia . The intent of bis lecture was U show that the property of the rich was protected by la ^ v ; and tbe property of the poor , which was theii \ abuur , - was not . He Baid the yeomanry cavalry were trained eight days every year , put through their military movements , and taught to cut throats in a scientific manner . He then said the militia bad been drawn from tbe labouring classes mainly , without distinction of politics or religion , and were a dangerous force to keep up ; their mastors dared not trust to them in the north of Lancashire and Yorkshire ; they were , therefore , diab : inded , and they gave them the new police instead . Hd applied many foul terms to the police . He called
tbem bluo vampires , nominated by a certain party . Ho then naked whnt were the necessary qualifications for a policeman , and said ha must be a man of no character , gifted with lying , deceit , and chicanery , bloodthirsty and deceitful , ready to do or ewoar anything his masters wished him . He said he called tbem the unboiled blue , and when the dny of boiling came , woe to the unboiled . He then spoke of the army aa 140 , 000 hired asaajsins . He went on to show tbat tbe property of the poor man was not protected , and , pointing to a factory , suid , " If a poor man was U > go into that factory and steal a quantity of oily , diny stuff , not w-ji th sixpence , be would be apprehended as a felon , the magistrate would call him a felon , and be would be sent to prison for his offence ; but what was
done to the master or manufacturer who , by tbe aid of machinery , robbed the poor man not only of sixpence , but five ' or six abilliugB every week from his wages ? The law looked upon him as an honest , uprigh man , because the law waa made for his protection , aiid he mieht trample on the rights of the p > x > r man witb impunity . He spoke upon the text - < s referring to an nge of blessedness . The words of the text were , " Navurtlieless , we , according to his promise , look for new heavens' ami a new earth , wherein dwelleth righteousness . " He ssvi'i it was an age of blessedness , wnich could oot be established in the present corrupt s ' a ' . e of things ; they must be swtpt away , and a new era etttabliabed . After be bad finished his discourse , a hymn was given out by him ; two or three hymns were sung in the course of the evening . One began witu :
" Men of England , ye are slaves , Biaten by policemen ' s staves ; If tbeir force ye dare repel , Yours will be tue felon ' s cell . That was sung by tke people , defendant ga-ve ont two lines at a > ime . I went away after that He gave some notice of his cnni'ng to Lctcstet ngain , and hoped he should see them again . He is not an inhabitant of Leicester . I ceuld not learn his name on the ground . There were large assemblies of the people every night , singing Chartist hymns , and something in praise of O'Connor . The meetings bad been continued from July , Werk » nieu had been turned out . Tbe churches and chapels bad been visited by large bodies of men iu procession .
Cross-examined by tiie defendant— I heard you say Sir Robirt Peel and Sir James Graham were two niosl unhappy men , in this unhappy country at this unhappy time —( laughter)—and that they bad brought all their f . icus to bear ngainat the people during the late struggle for freedom ; but it had only provod that their power was too « cuk to put the Chartists down whenever they were prepared to demand the Charter , if tlwy would bo tut firm and united . I don't know whether you said when they were strong enough to get the Charter the Government would not oppose them . I don't know ^ whether you said that £ 9 , 000 had been collected at one meeting to christianize the blaeks , and at another £ 5 4 s bad been collected for the relief of the
destitute poor of the eonntry . I did not tako a report or make notes of your address . Afterwardb I pat down the observations which you made in a rough manner , and then again , by looking tbem over , I remembered more particularly what you said . I have seen a copy of niy examination before the magistrates since I was examined . I received it from the attorney for the prosecution a few days back . I went to the meeting by desire of the governor of the borough gaol . You did not call upon the people to make an attack Upon any man or set of men , nor blame the law for protecting the rich . There was no tcmuit at the meeting . The only noise arose from the responses to your sentiments There were mobs of people before yon came t « Leicester but none after .
Re-examined—Defendant was taken into custody the same night . Thomas A gar , a sergeant of police , corroborated some parts of Marshall ' s eyidence , Varying , however , the expressions . On cross-examination , he eaid tbe meeting was orderly , fie went away alone from it- He was not afraid of being attacked . He bad been in the police force three yenrs . Was in plain clothes Had beard bi £ deposition before the magistrates read ova lately .
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New Like . — « v Hundreds * who ha , ve k ^ pt ^ tt | eir . ljJBdB for years have been so Bpee ^ ly / reH ^ O ^^ ^ li an infusion of new blood , and conEC ftueptl * , " ofMftw lifeand strength , by theuaaoC ? arir'e J 2 ^ J £ Ife f $ is £ their re-appearance amongst their fe ^ ow beiff ^^ hitf had long given them up as incuxabJeVis ' laoke ^ u ^ oii as the greatest of the many great woatfeffifS ? ibis miraculous age . Tbeir unsolicited testittt ' oiiy ¦ yfifc ne&sed bj gfcntleme » of high reputation , may'bfe obtained of any agent for this highly-prized medicine . "
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THE NCRT ^ EBK STAR . 3
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 1, 1843, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct928/page/3/
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