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Cfcarttgt Sntcllt'sroc?.
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TO THE PRODUCERS OF WEALTH, AND ALL THOSE WHO LIVE BY INDUSTRY OJf THE LAND.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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YEBBATIM REPORT OF THE CHARTIST TRIALS AT LANCASTER . THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED , No . 3 , OF A VEB 3 ATIM REPORT OF THE KBCEMT TIUA 1 S OP FEARGUS O'CONNOR AND 58 OTHERS , AT LANCASTER , FOR RIOT , SEDITION , TUMULT , AND CONSPIRACY . rpHE above Work will ba Published in Weekly Numbers of 64 Pages of Royal Octavo , Edited by JL FEARGUS O'CONNOR , Esq ., Barrtster-ac-Law , and to which wiil be added A SHOET ACCOUNT OF THB CAUSES OF TBS DISTURBANCES OF AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER LAST , With Notes upon the Trial ; also a Dedication to Baron ROLFE . A SPLENDID PORTRAIT OF THE JUST JUDGJD WHO PRESIDED , WILL BE PRESENTED WITH THE LAST NUMBER ( GRATIS ) To those who have been Subscribers to the Work . The Portrait will be Executed with a view to its being placed aa a Frontispiece , and when completed , which will be in about four Numbers ; the whole will make a valuable work . Price 7 d . a Number , iu a wrapper . Tbe Portrait gratis-Subscribers and Agents ate requested to give their Orders to Cleave , 1 , Shoe Lane , Fleet Street , London ; Hetwood , 60 , Oidham Street , Manchester ; and HoB 3 ON , Northern Star Office , Market Ctvant T nnJn
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jfr Pbiekm , —I hxve eT © r asserted , and Bhall Kra&me to assert , that the Yerj exigence of an ^ juunistratioD , do matter of what political com-¦^ tslon , i 3 strong presumptive evidence of the ac-Kfaescence of pnblio opinion in its favonr . I shall efff contend for the right of fiie people of any gyaairyto resist the aggressions , or to destroy tbe Bower , of an anconstitBiioaal Administrationj by jobce : * nd that the question of constitutionality , or jjjjgojjstitntionality , is one to be decided upon hj the irholB people \ and not by the King , the Lords , or the Common s , as at present chosen , or all of them ¦ Dinted . It may he argned , npon the other hand , that an aJminisixauoii upheld \> j force may continne by forts to hold the reins of government against the consent of a large majority of the nation- It may Ke so for a timB ; l > nt the Tery means used for its preservation -Bill , in the end , lead to its overthrow , ^ ad n is because I believe that the usual appliances tS might * or tfle subjugation of right are now exiiBSted j or nearly so , that I select the presen ; as a
£ 1 and proper tisie lor opening a new and fertile « eljiof j »« ci ««/ & £ itatioa , as a means of establishing jjje sooal and political basis -whereon 1 i © title to poorer shall henceforth securely rest . The mere politician is , in my mind , a mere fool ; . ' and nothing more weakened oar party in its infancy [ jjan the insbxfiiy of the supporters of Chartism to ' , lad tfee icqnisriTe mind to any reasons hie conclusion j 43 to our ulierior object , or anticipated benefit from j the completion of onr measures . j
I admit ihat it was tiresome , and Tery repulsive , t t o hew nothiDp , uigbt aft « r night , bat " you are tll « i ¦ prodTicers of all wealth , and are eniitled to a Toice in its xepresentsjion ; once get the Charter , and « ie& ¦ 'on destroy the power of your enemies . " TaKetes , EmfciBBK , and insufficient , as sooh xepeti r Sons "were , i ^ T were , however , in the first stage of j jptauou , absolutely requisite and necessary for the pajpoge of forming a political party : for had we j £ hT 0 wnsn uB < H 2 e $ le (^ chimerical scheme before the I jsei xnde sad BacnlriTai « d mind of the country , ' a ]] t&e adroitness of hired opposition would have ]> een euEsied in ifce exposure of our fallacies , our ' crudities , and our whims . j Upon tie other hand the growing belief that the
• nun of political power -was the grand causB of ib »; great social nxquaTny by which the nation was dis- tracted , has a : length led to the wholesome concluoon , that poTiUcBi jmcer is bat a vsaxs , and social xupucess the END- " J "We then tnrn to a consideration of those heaxs ; , feUy , as to iow political power has been ebtained , and how n has , in its present shape and form , been 1 so successfully preserved in the hands of its present ] possessors ; and , secondly , as to the means by which ; it may he preserved by the people , and the objects to which , if once possessed , ii would be directed . It ; is joy desire tosiripmy subject of ail those ambijuines and technicalities with which the theorists ind -mid -ridonsiies have clothed it , S&d lay it i
before yoa in nature s simple dress : " Nature ' s dress is loveliness . " In the present great conflict of parties , perhaps ihemost striking feature is this , that the one thina , ihe « a ^ y thing , about wbicn all writ * , all talk , all flank of , and legislate upon , is THE LAND . It really appears to have become common property ; md though its real value is seldom assigned to it , or prominently developed in the speeches and writings
of parties , yet it is the fonndation of them alL "What , after all , does she question of the Corn Laws resolve itself into ! A question of land either abroad or at hohe ! What are the questions of emigration and colonization , but questions of Ths LaM > . Then , if -sre « rter more minutely into detail , we have Drainage Bilk , Enclosure BU 13 , Improvement Bills , Allotment Bilk , and so forth ; all questions immediately connected with the LaSD .
In the series of letters which I am now about to address to you upon this subject , it is my intention to point cat the capabilities of ine soil under a wise and proper system of management ; and I hope to prove irrefutably that the people have i soir in their power to present so lsr ^ e a -praciica . illustra-Scn of the successful result which must follow the fulfilment of icy plan as to « £ isi ia its behalf a KHJperetion , aa energy , a dtvotedness , and an
nnfinug agitation , such aa no cause was ever yet distinguished by . I have always to regret the snaBaess of my allotted Epace as compared with the magnitude of my subjects j and here I am compelled to present the most important question erer yet submitted to the public mind , taxi foremost ; lad before I submit the plan itself , I am obliged to expose the means by which , when thoroughly shaped , I mean to propose for its working .
I believe thai many , very many persons , not of tbe ir&rMiig order , are anxious for a large experiment "open tbe plan of bohe colobj 2 atios ; and that we can siEst a great portion of individual or corporate support in its behalf , if the assurance is once given , that IherB is to be no ** underhand tnrk , " no " Lau murampmon f no " Captivating Prospectuses f no * foinp to Parliament for Enlarged Powers : " no * Incorporations with power to sue , and to be suedf logomau .-iizbg of tie first ** caia , " to give increased KCErity to xhe Directors : 1 = s . y , thai if I can present & scheme in support of wiacb do law , btyocd that llrtadj in existence , Ehall be required , and in tbe txajhxs . out of which no law expenses will be
Seeded , and that every farthing raised will go to tn » beutSt of the society itself , under praJeEi , beneficial , and eccEoiaical management , then I think it will be envied to the imirersal support of all icduFtrious Ppsoss , core particularly when the existing J aw gJvrsEsalitlie security that we couid derive either from a ri Charier Incorporation , " or a " special Act ef Parliamei . t . ' * At tie head of management , as trustees , I hope to see Thoma 3 DcBcc-cbe , E ? q ., M . K , John Fielden , Esg , ILP ^ and Siiannan Crawford , Esq ., 3 LP ., — w ^ ee gtH ^ eiDsn ia whose political integrity , and in Whose deare for social regeneration tbe people hare ererj reason to confide .
1 here bknd tbe social and political character ; s aamiefl as ihe agitation for the Charter , and the , * tarnltB . enni of adnering it , are w go hand in hand : sad iEasnmeh 23 those who possess a love of our JnEciple =, but ahhorreose of our meaiis foi acquiring ' ttar recognition , will bepnt to a fair test , I cannot ' SM how any parties can refuse their co-operation . j & the outset I most : gnard myself again = t tbe j ^ p-traps by "ffhich faciion . srben driven from argu-J ^ l " ** & endeaTour to seet me . The cry of &daTum" wiii be raised -ahen argument fails ; . *¦ ** 2 yon that my plan iias no more to do **« Socialism than it baa to do with the
eoa ^ - K Faith" is a term sriiieh shal ) not ™^ ^ pear m any of my address . " Religion " ^ SaU sc-r sayo ^ ^^ ab { mtj foj ^ gy jjjan jQat j eTe accoiapiishmenj of my views would give JspleiiEie 10 afl l 0 bestow more thought and re-* « H 8 i spca tbe subject . J&zipzasizj of land that I propose to assign to »« faraacg liboorer is four acres ; the conditions . p as are nscaiij contained in leases made between "a&orfi and tenant , free " from those absurd . which preserve to the former rights and ^^ % e > Euch as he has no right to possess . Sa Disirlct ScaoaL with its fiee-gronnd for
^ Pm , cultivated in common by the tenants of the ?®* 5 et to which it would be allotted ; the Medical f ^ Hshments , and means of preventing litigation J T diosea Heferees , are subjects which in time fry aaTc-due consideration : but I here announce ™* * y chief aim and objea is st > to locate the fiaeet working man that he may uninterrnptibly ^ W ' fllB Comforts of ids own natural laiovrs , and i 4 fc » the l 2 th of 3 d * y , in next year , I do fondly Ja « P » U the opening of » Landed Labour Market so i *^« i EofascinatiBg , and bo rm , that the implor-** 2 * Uve wfflBolongerbe compelled to beg liberty to 2 * to tax existence-pittanoe in ihe Artificial
^ "jftmret , in tbe & £ ries ef letters which I am about W 0 res 3 to you upon the Bubject , you will find JT " * P ° litics ; but as . mineissmeana of acquiring ^ ° « h&ppinesa by political power , you must not j ?* " ^ ** it 1 inaanuch as tbe right to expend fre « T j ^ ^ pon ibe land for tbe insbandman ' s own **** # U , Uie great advantage fet I « pwS fte
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people to derive from the acquisition of political power . I have more than once reminded you that in agitation there are three stages : — Firstly , the creation of a sound political opinion . Secondly , the organization of that opinion ; and , Thirdly , the proper direction of publio opinion . Hely upon it , that tbe improved mind of this country , will require from the professors of liberality Eome better acceunt of proposed measures
than the mere repetition of wholesale anticipations , and flummery phrases to captivate excited feelings . " J leouW pul my head upon the block ?— May my right arm be severed from tny body when I desert the cause" — J vtould die ten thousand deaths" and so forth , are but the A . B . C . of agitation . We have go > e beyond that I and bow eTery man cau understand the grammar of politics , and each hearer expects to learn what he is to contend for .
| First principles will find no place in my letters . I leave such considerations to those who , when once located in a free state upon the laud , "will be in an improved condition to discuss those vital , but not juBt now pertisent questions . The man who begins to build his house downwards , is a bad architect ; and so would it be injudicious , and out of place , hare to argue man ' s right at participation in that , on which , at present , he cannot acquire the power of even working fo T himself .
Living from hand to mouth creates a servile despondency upon tie will of the capitalist . Land is the- only raw material to which individual labour can be successfully applied . The application of machinery lo agricuhnral purposes never can be used to the disadvantage of him who produces his own means of livelihood by the sweat of his own brow . Combination , centralization , and competitioa will not reader his fields sterile , nor yet paralize his arm . In the midst of all , he "will , whether cheap # r dear , have the means of pro-riding for his own and bis family ' s requirements , without being unhoused as surplus poor , " or persecuted as a " dissatisfied pauper . "
To the plan which I mean to propose I shall . devote my most untiring , unpaid exertions , and cheerfully fill any situation in which I can be of aay
. Under the Friendly Societies' Act , I think we can ensure ample security and protection ; while by a vigonrons exertion we can do for ourselves , that "which , till done , wiil ever leave tbe working classes the mere sport of faction , and , when done , wiH give a practical pr * qf not only that they are the producers of wealth , but that they are about to be the source of all power .
I may iere mention that the means by which the facd will be raised "Will be in shares , payable by instalments of sixpence per week ; but that the payment in fuli will by no means be required for admitting a shareholder to all the proposed benefits of the Society ; and , should it be objected that a shareholder wonld have to wait for years for any benefit , the answer ia , that the funds to carry ont the 3 cheme are not expected to come solely from persons expecting to be located upon the land , but are
expected to come from persons investing capital upon the proposed security of " jiatdhb ' s iujpstbt , " with the guarantee that not a farthing will be foolishly expended . Sick Clubs , Benefit Societies , Trade SccietiM , and other parties , having now but a slender security for their fund ? , will see , firstly , that when applied as intended they will be better secured ; and that till applied , they will have , as now , full controul over them , under the management of three honourable and upright ge&ilenren .
Already a number of middle class men , to whom I have , in part , developed mj plan , have expressed their determination to take shares , not with a view to becoming farming labourers , but with the double intention of beut&tting the people , and insuring eecurity for their spare fnnds . Indeed , none but resident working men will be entitled to any portion of laud ; while the indispensable necessity of the required number of shop-keepers and trades-people , fo each district , who would have no land , would considerably increase the security of sbare-holderE .
So much of the ouuiues I now lay before you , having , in a previous letter , explained , roughly , the machinery by which I propose to carry it out ; because we never anst separate the question of politics from social economy . While upon the subject of that letter , in which I threw out a rude plan of org&niiation , I beg to say that I did so merely to set the mind thinking . I do not intend to say one word more upon
the subject nntil all who are now in bonds shall be free , and until the people shall elect a few discreet men according to our principles , to whom , as a national delegation , all plans shall be submitted with a view of agreeing upon improved machinery for our improved position , and of still further strengthening onr hauds ; and to that body I a : ? o propose to submit my whole plan for jetting possession of a portion of tbe la ud .
I am aware of th « great risk men run who are the first to propose any plan for the redemption of the working classes . I know that those who do their ntmost to frustrate hi 3 btst intentions , are afterwards the very first to taunt him with his failure . It was so in the case of those Birmingham deserters , whose professions led me to fond expectations ; and -which npon such foolish . pretensions I was foolish enough to express : and then , when the hope failed through their desertion and treason , they turned round upon me , and taunted me "mth leading the peoplea 3 tray : whereas , had thet jtEMAUTED TEtiE , the hope would have been realised . But , my friends , so long as I resolve npen
holding no ofiice under the board ; of totchisg mode ot the cash ; and of deriving no benefit btyond that —to me the greatest in this world—of giving a home to the wanderer , clothes to the naked , and protection to the weak and the undefended , I shall still have your confidence , although my plans may not bear the test of picking , criticism , and searching . If myplana but fnrnisb food for contemplation , in their very absurdities the wise will find matter for disenssioa and thought ! As in many other instances , the inventor may bear hi ? share of unmerited reproach , yet if the discovery shall ultimately succeed , that success shall be my greatest , my only reward . From the pursuit ! will not be driven , nor yet turned .
Tbe times are ripe for tbe change ! Circumstances demand the change 1 Machinery has rendered the change necessary ! and if not produced by that power vested in your hands , you must proclaim yoHrselves a nation of willing slaves . ! ! In my next I shall go more fully into the details of my plan . I am , Your obliged and faithful servant , FEABGCS O'COJSTfOB .
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TO MY BROTHER " CONSPIRATORS . " My FiiiEHH , —Mr . Roberts is now labouring hard to put our affairs in a proper position ; but , doubtless , ib * poor fellows who have been convicted ¦ will expect me to report progress . I may then say , thai if iheAJ toraey . General intends to « all any of the parties up for judgement , sufficient notice will be given to them on requiring their personal apptarancs in the Queen ' s Baneh , when w » shall have an opportnnhy of » orinj , as we bb * U be advised , in arrest of judgment . Jones ' s ease is occupying a great deal of our attention , but it wonld » ot be prudent to publish the manner in which we hope to have it reopened or re-considered , I suppose about nine dayB notice will be given lo tne defendants J bat M tte ^ oark appears to be fully
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supplied with business for some time , it is not likely that an early appearance will be required to deprivi men of their liberty who , without recognizances , appear to be leading aa honest and iudusuiour lifa .
Thu 8 you see , while all the work is loft to Mr . Roberts and myself , you take it very quietly ; for we are allowed to proceed upon the pure Malthusian principle—upon " oua own resources . " I never bother you much about funds ; but now I tell you that the time is at hand : and unloss you supply them , your , friends must go to gaol ; wherea 1 -, if you supply them , we are resolved upon fighting every inch of ground . The whole amount subscribed , from first to last , for the Special Commission , for the Lancaster trials , for Cooper ' s , White ' s , for York and all others , with expencen occasioned by removing the trial , does not reach ^ 700 , ; while I send you the subjoined account of the amount spent by Government in the Special Commission only , and then ask your selves if this is fair : —
"SPECIAL COMMISSION . " A Statement of Expenses incurred during the late Special Coinmissi » ii , for which the Bum Of £ 15 , 000 is estimated to be required in th » Miscellaneous Estimates , No 111 . ; distinguishing the amount incurred at Stafford , Chester , and Liverpool , for the Expenses of Judges , Fees to Counsel , and Fees to Solicitors , with the Expenses of Witnesses , and the number of d ^ js the Judges sat at each place . " LAXCARHIRK AND CHESHIRE SPECIAL COMMISSIONS .
£ s . d . Judges' expenses ... 372 0 1 Judges' officers IGo 17 0 Fees to counsel aud clerks , Lancashire 2 , 747 18 3 Ditto Cheshire 1 , 733 2 9 Fees to Solicitors > Paid on ao- ) n ™ 0 ft Expenses of witnesses I oounfc ... / £ 7 , 013 18 1 " STAJFOBSH 1 RE SPECIAL COMMISSION , £ . s . d . Expenses of Jndgea 329 10 0 Judges'officers , court fees , and clerkB of assize 786 2 t Fees to counsel and clerks 4 . 091 14 0 Fees to solicitors ( agents ' bills ) ... 2 . 718 12 9 Expenses of witness 1 , 979 17 9 Travellinjfcexpenses and hotel expenses of coqwel , solicitors , &c , previously to and at the late special commission 138 I 2 ouerui g&uier tro
, unaer-suerm , uua ... w « £ 10 , 51 $ , 14 8 " The Judges sat at Chester ... 4 days . i ) itto Liverpool 4 „ Ditto Stafford ... 13 „ " The expenses incurred under the Special Commission , and in prosecution of indictments found under the same , beyond the sum of jS 15 , 000 , will dc defrayed from tbe sum lo be provided ia the present session for ordinary law charges . " " April 7 . " " G . Midle . " Now you have read what it cost for twenty-one days persecution , and add to that what we have been called npon to meet , and say have you doue your duty ? I really must implore yon to remit , forthwith , to Mr . Cleave , such Eum 3 as can be spired . Yours , faithfully , Ffimcns O'Connor .
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NEWCASTUE . —Mr . Beealey , tbe district lecturer , lectured in the Half Moon Inn locg room , on Wednesday evening last , on the capabilities of the land , and tbe natural claim of the people to the pe&seasioa of that laud . JIR . Beeslev lectured in tbe Chartist Hall , Goat Inn , Ciotb-market , on Snnday evening , on the impossibility of a ; sy man (¦ whatever bis professions might bt > to act up to the principles of pure , practical Christianity without being a thorough-going Chartist . It ¦ was announced that Mr . Kydd , of Glasgow , would lecture in the Chartist Hall , next Sunday evening , ano that Mr . Beeslev wonld lecture in the eame place on
Monday evening ; tbe lecture to commence each tveuing at half-past Beven o'clock . The Chaitista of N owcastle and Gsieshead held their -weekly busme-- > meeting on Monday evening , Mr . Wm . Smith in tht cn&ir . The minutea of the previous meeting haviDR been read and confirmed , Messrs . Smith and Sinclair were elected to represent tbe Cbartista of Newcastle and Gateshead at tbe meeting of delegates froiu tbe counties of Northumberland and Durham to be held in the Chartists' Hall , Goat Inn , Cloth-markfct , on Sundiy . at one o ' clock in tbe afternoon . Some local business having been disposed of , and the Newcastle share of the lecturers' salary ordered to be sent to the district treasurer , tbe meeting' adjourned .
Is cohseqvbucb &f some misunderstanding , the Chartist delegate meeting to be held , in the Chartists ' Hall , Goat Inn , Cloth-m « kct , on Sunday , the 16 th of I April , was announced in last week ' s Star to be he' . d at ' Shincliff Hill Top ; ire hope tnis mistake will not prevent such localities in the counties of Northumberland and Durham as wish to see onr principJea carried into effect from sending delegates to the meeting in tbe Goat Inn , on Sunday , at one o ' clock in the atternoon , as business of great importance will be brought before the delegates on that occosion . It is hoped that such localities as cannot send a delegate will , by letter , state the part ttey are willing to take in supporting a lee' turer for tba tvro counties' district . James Sinclair , \ 25 . High Bridge , Newcastle , [ ttu 8 was not our mis-I iake . —Ed . if . S ]
The fobmatiow of a co-operative store is actively fo&L g on , in conntseioa with tho Droylcsden and Newton Heath Joint Stock Companies . Persens desirous of taking shares are requested to apply to Jan ? fiS Locket , Caveadish-street , Cotton-street , AshU *> n . SotrJM Shields . —Mr . Beesley lectured in South Shields , o& Monday night last , upon the land , in the large ro-om belonging to tb 9 Scarboro' Spa- The room was « &U filled . The lecture occupied two hours in the delivery , and £ ftre the greatest eatisfaction . Sevaad persons , at the close of the lecture , came forward , a&d joined tbe Association .
Mb . Beeslet Jtetured upon the Sands , by the sea bore , on Sunday morning , to » very attentive audience , aud gs * a much satisfaction . &ix persons * t the closo enroltei themselves jsezabera of wit Association . We a& g ^ ing on gtownslj in thlS place , ABERDEEN . —On Monday evening last , Mr . Abrain Dnnean concluded hra lectures in this city ; and , it is but bare justice K > Bay , that be has , on every occasion , acqoitted hinsself araonK u » fa ft very consistent manner ; and in tfee meantime has been awarded that mark of pnblid approbation whieh hia honest endeavours to promote tm growth 01 Chartism so richly deserve .
ASHTON-t 7 NPER-I , TNE . —Mr . T . Clarke , of Stockporfc , delivered a lecture here on Tuesday , which completely rivetted the artentton or tne andience . At the conclusion of whicb Jl 9 received 8 unanimous vote of th&nks .
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BIRMINGHAM .. —Tho Couucil of the Birmingham Ohur ; ists met as usual on Sunday , at the Aaton-street Rooms . Mr . Moritfc in the chair . The Secretary read uver tha minutes of tho preceding meeting , which ¦ vete confirmed . ' after which ib was resolved that a publie out-door meeting should be held on Easter Monday , to make known to the Government the fearful state of public distress that now exists throughout tbe country ; auev vrhica Measts . Nawhouse , Mason , Recce and Potts , were elected as delegates from Birmingham , to the . lelegate meeting to be held on Easter Sunday . The imount of the funds brougbt in showed a steady increase of tbe funds of the Association , thereby show-<; ig that the council still has tho confidence of the ueople .
Aston street—On Sanday eveDlng Mr . White ad iressed a mebting at tbe above place , in which he < ave an account of bis late trial and the misrepresentations of the press respecting it . People ' s Hall ov Science . —A crowded meeting of the Chartists of Birmingham Was held at Che Mechanics' Institute , Great Cbaries Street , in order to lieviae means for Ibe speoiiy erection of the above hall fftft the use of the Churtista , and the working classes fftnerally . The building bas remained iu slutu quo for more than a year , in consequence of tbe working
cusses having uo faith in the parties who originate' ! it , Mil it is now thrown completely into the bands of tho people , and . judging from tbe energy and activity displayed by tbe Chartists , there is little doubt bu' that ; it will soon be completed by , and for the use of , the real Chartists . On the above occasion , spirited ad-( irtutses wyro delivered by Messrs . Mason , Mead , O'Nfil , and others The working men prtseut respondrd nobly to tbo call , and there is now little doubt tb ^ t the Chartists of this town will soon have a noble building -. u ¦ whicb to propagate their principles .
COVENTRY . —Mr . George White delivered an ad'irtba in ihe Association Room , on Monday evening , to a nnuierous aud respectable andience , satisfactorily showing that no remedy « xista for tbe present evils that afflict society , but tbe People ' s Charter . BARNSIiEY . —The Chartists of thin town held tbeir weekly meeting on Monday night . Tbe subscription books to the Dafenee Fond were audited , aud the treasurer was authorised to send the monies on hand to Mr . Cleave , being the sum of £ 1 14 s . 7 J-, fourteen shillings of which was from the Chartists of Ack worth , and four shillings from the Chartists of Cawthorue .
NOTTINGHArtt . —The Chartists met at the Democratic Chapel on Sunday morning , wheadt was resolved that a tea party do take place in Mr . Bean ' s Rooms , on Easter Monday , and that tbe twenty-six victims of magisterial oppression , who have been confined in Sou-hwell Bouse of Correction for various terms , from two to six mouths , be invited . Tickets dgutpeuca each to be had of Mitchell and Rodgera . lONDOM .-Thb Metropolitan Delegate Meeting was held on . Sunday , Mr . Wheeler in the chair .
boar shillings and eightpence was received from the Star , Goloen-lanc , and ' Si . from Sam « rstow » . Mr . Salmon reported from the committee appointed to zel up the meeting to Mr . Duncombe . Mr . Simpson reported from the finance committee , and several debts were discharged . On a motion of Mr Mayoard , the secretary was ordered to write to all tho ' . elegates , requesting their attendance on the ensuiug ¦ nineay , to discuss Mr . O'Connor's proposal for a ucw organization ; the meeting then adjourned .
Mr . Wheeler leotured on Sunday evening , at the Political Institution , Turnagaiu-lano , and was highly applauded . Messrs . Parser , Cowan , and ¦> ther 9 , briefly addressed tho meeting in support of 1 he principles put forward by the lecturer . An mimau'd discussion then took place upon the subject of the * ' lanA , " in which Mr . Brown , who acted as chairman , Mr . Carey , and Mr . Rathbone , took part . Lambeth . —A young men ' s localitj has be « n formeu here , in lieu of the youth ' s locality , which formerly existed . ^ They have sent us their lifet of councillors , which shall appear next week .
Walworth , buRREV . —At the usual weekly moetinK , h < ild at the Montpelier Tavern , on Monday , h was proposed by Mr . Dale , seconded by Mr . Alien , and carried unanimously , that our best thanks ' arc due to Mr . Thomas Duuoombe , for his attendance at Nottingham , in support of that great and glorious principle the People's Charter ; and k is sincerely 'toped , iridividuaOy and collectively , ihat Mr . Gisborne , the newly elected me > ber for Nottingham , will follow the same example , in advocating , and strenuously mpporting right against j& iflht and justice against oppression .
Lambeth . —A di-tnet meetms ; took place m this locality ou Tuesday evenitig , when the subject of the land and how to obtain it , wad abiy discussed , and it was clearly demonstrated that the working classes have it in their power , by weekly subscriptions , or by carrying on a plan of exclusive dealing to obtain ampld means to enable them to purchase land , build j 0 uses , cm ploy their own members , support schools for their own children , and cause Chartism to become the practice and law of the laud . It was announced that Mr . Keen would lecture hero next Tuesday evening . The General Council residing m Surrey and Kent , met as Uhual on Sunday last , at the Rotunda . Mr . Thorpe reported from St . John ' s and St . Olaby . Mr . O'Connor ' s plan of Or ^ ajiizat ion was disousscd , and the meeting adjourned until Sunday next .
South London Locality , Rotunda . —The members met on Monday nitfht . Mr . O'Connor's plan was entered into and ably discussed . The meeting adjourned in const quence of Easter Monday , to tha 24 th April , on which night Mr . Martin will lecture . Four new members were enrolled . Chahtist Magazine Committee . —This committee held its usual weekly meeting at the Craven Head , Drury-iane , on the 8 ( , h ult ., when two new members were added , and favourable reports received from the City , Southwark , and Marylebone . After other important busiae&s , the meeting aoj » ur » ed . Maryls bone . —At a general meeting of the members of this locality , a resolution , proposed by Mr . Waikins , was carried by a large uiajontj to che * ff . ct , that we recal our delegates from the Metropolitan Delegate Meeting .
ECCfcES , near Manchester . —On Monday eveniug las ' - , a public supper was given at the house of Mr . Ciittrall , sign of the Hare and Hounds , to commemorate the liberation of several friends , who had been incarcerated in Kirkdale Gaol , for ha ? iDg taken a prominent part in the late strike . About seventy persons sat down to an excellent repast ; and , after doing ample justice to the substantiate , the tables were removed , and Mr . Da rid Morrison was called to the chair . Mr . Morrison briefly addressed the meeting , and then introduced Mr . James Leach , of Manchester , who was received with the most marked affection and esteem . When order was restored , Mr . Leach proceeded to address the
meeting ia his usual efleetivo . manner , and was loudly applauded . Mr . Leach ' s address occupied nearly an hour , and , at the conclusion , a resolution was passed by the meeting , expressive of their determination to re-organise the Association . A gentleman present of the name of Tomlinson offered a room in his premises for the use of tho Association , free of expenoe . A namber of persons then came forward , and enrolled their Dames as members ; and , after a number of recitations and patriotic songs had been given and sung by several fientiemea present , the meeting broke up , highly delighted with -the rational and instructive manner in which bejr h&d spent the evening .
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MANCHESTER , — Carpenters' Hall —Mr . John West , late of Mucciestitjla , delivered two lectures in the above Hall , to large and respectable audiences . South Lancashire Delegate Meeting . —The South Lancashire delegate meeting was held in the Chartist Room , Brown-street , Manchester , on Sunday last , when the following delegates were present —Carpenter ' s Hall , Manchester , Mr . John Nattall , Mr . Wm . Grocott , Mr Wm . Gresty , Mr . Thomas ? Siddley ; Stockport Youths' , Mr . Win . Brown ; Katoliffe Bridge , Mr . J . lokerwood ; Halsham Moor , Mr . J . Gaskell ; Aehton-under Lyne , Mr . J . Sampson ; ( Rochdale , Mr . Robert White ; HollingWuod , Mr . James Ashtori ; OlUham . Mr . Henry Chappte . Mr . Gresty was unanimously called to the chair . The Saoretary read the minutes of the last meeting which WB'a confirme'l . The following sums were then paid in by th . 6 delegates present .
SOLTH LANCASHIRE LECTURERS FIKD . £ s d Carpenters'Hall ... ... 0 15 0 Stoekp ^ rt Youths' 0 16 Halshsw Moor ... ... 0 1 4 Ratciifie Bridge ... ... 0 1 0 Rochdale ... ... ... 0 5 10
; £ 14 8 IRISH EUND Stookport Youths' ... ... 0 1 0 Rochdale ... 0 0 4 Ashton-under-Lyue 0 10 Oidham ... 0 1 0
£ 0 3 4 DEFE . NCB FUNDRatcliffe Bridge , per J . Isherwood 0 10 Mr . Nuttall propose 1 Ibe following resolution : — * ' That the Chairman of tho South Lancashire Council ahall have his vole , as a delegate , independam of the casting vote as Chairman when the votes are equal . " Mr . Robert White briffiy seconded the motion ; which after some little discussion , was carried . Mr . Nuttall moved , *? That each locality bo supplied with two of the local lcdurers' plans , and each lecturer on the plan with the same number from the county fund . Andif any of the localities desire a greater number , they muss , grvo their orders to the Secretary before the Iplaus go to the press , such plans to be paid tor byithe localities receiving
them , at the price paid for priming . " Mr . Gaski 11 seconded the motion , which was carried unanimously . Mr . Grocott moved , and Mr . Simpson seconded , " That , the levy be discontinued for the next month ; and that those localities that are in debt to the lecturers' fund , will endeavour to bnns in Buch arrears to the next delegate meeiingl" Carried . Mr . Gas kell then moved , " Thai a « addreso bo drawn up > y this moetiug . callicg upon those places in the district that have neglected to nond delegates to the County Council to come forward in future and leud ua their aid . " Carried . The following persons were constituted a committee to draw up the artcress : —Messrs . Grocott , Nuttall , and Dix » n . Th » meeting was then adjourned until IS mday . the 30-h of April , when the lecturers , iw Uio South Lancashire plan are requested to meet the delegates at ten o'clock in the forenoon , in the Browii-btruet room .
brapfobd .-Od Su » da . 7 , the members of the Council met in their room , BuMcrwonh-buildinga . The Chartis ' s of Little Horton paid 6 s 10 £ d contributions ; James-sireet Is 7 di The following resolutions were unanimously adopted : " That a Chartist book shop and newspaper agency be established , the proceeds to bo appropriated «> forward the Chartisk cause . " ** That the foregoing resolutions be laid before tbe Chartists of each locality , aud their opinion be sent to the Council , on Sunday , at two o'clock in the afternoon . " " jTnat a special meeting of th . i Council be held on : Suuday next , at two o ' clock in the attuuoun , aud every member be invited to attend . "
On Sunday evening , a lecture was delivered in the Counoil room , on the pant ; and present condition of Ireland , politically and socially . After the lecture several questions wers j asked respecting thft remedy . The lecturer tract d the evils io class legislation , and contended for tho iright of every man to tnjoy thu eleotive powur . The Chartists of Little Horton met in their room , Pa . k-line , on Sunday , a . id urmiiovusly resolved to reootnmond to the Council the establishing of a Chaitist book shop and a ^ mi' -y . The Chartists of Jam > a-tareet met on Tuesday evening , when they r > olv « d t < i call a special meeting of the members , on Tutsujy m xt , on the question of a Chartist book shop .
The Chartists op Bowlim ; Back-Lane met on Sanday in the association rooui , when they resolved to take up the question of establishing a Ch&rtit > t book shop and agency . They request a full attendanoe on Sunday next , at u-ij o'cIock ia the morning . On Monday , a public mef-ti ' ng was held in front of the O-. d Fellows' Hail , convened by requisition , to take into conhidvrat'f » t > i > - ; bill now before Par liament for the educarux of Factory Children , and fixing the hours of lahur . Mr . Titley was called to the chair . Mr . Edward Hurley addressed the meeting at considerable In gth , oa the argent demand for education , and pmoused tbe following resolution : — "That , in fh < . ' opinion of this meeiing , the Bill now before Parliament tor the Education of Children Employed ia Fact'int 8 , is not calculated to give to the rising g < 'ii <" . aiibii a sound practical
education ; but we receive it , as a means to extend education amongst tho people , iind also believiiifithat it will be ultimately i »> truuwutal in reducing the hours Of adult lalfmr , to ten hours per day , under tbe prt- ^ Bt rirninntances we reeve the Bill , provided somi of ihf jr . ause . 3 were altered . such as placing the election oi Trustees in the Ratepayers , aDd extending tut ) lime to nine years : or children te commenf ' . ' labour in miLif , —as we co > .-ceive it would be it-j'U" « iu- to employ a child at t'ight years of age . " > ir . rhonias Ir > bo < son seconded the resolution Mr . II nry Hoigson moved an amendment , That tne wir >! e of the Educational part should be cxpungu-I tmui the Bill . Mr . G . Fletcher seconded th ^ a / n ^ ndment . Mr . Ross supported the Bill . The rcsoiuri ^ ju was carried by a large majority .
The Chartists o f tho «* etHra ! locality met in the Counoil room on Sunday ux . ruit : g , and recommended to the member * of < df Council , that all persons occupying tho room nnd l'ght and fire and that the Council no . un , 13 h no money , lor any party exoept the Cimrti-t l > ody , when meeting on Chartist business . The Chabtists of Dai ? y Hill recommend to Chartists oi the district , t <» tak * up the question of Establishinga Chan tat bdk sii"u and newspaper , agency , tho proceeds to be apr-ropriated to the forwarding of the cause oi fre-aom-. The Chabtists op MiDDLrfo \ Fields met at the house of George Sedgw , i ; ic . Thrn « P . geons , wVcn they resolved to call a sp * cia '< inoeiing of the mum bers on Saturday , ( this evenn . a ) , at seven o ' clock , on imp rtant busiuc *? .
GIiASOrOw . — ( f .-om our men Correspondent ) — It is an old saymg , ano ud . < i . . t -vne uno , " Murder will out . " The attempt to 1 .-. ray the cause of tbe people into the half ' s of a ui . - ojiouy faction is noiv placed beyond suspicion . /» »» fring of the leading men of the Complete Suff a * : < pony , if they can bo called a party , was held a tew' days ago in Ball ' s Coffee-r ouse , for the puri ., ^ , . ( formit-. jc " A . Free Trade Association . " Tr . e on-etjug , Much as it was , unanimously agreed that a Fj < -. J ' radc Association should be formed ; aDd in oroer to give proper impeius to this mighty ouj-w . t , it wajs resolved that tbt y should meet on an early uigM ^ when they should have the assistancs oi Sir James Acland . We
never doubted but thar there wojr «» some well meauing individuals connected with fh < Complete Suffrage party , but as to the rcitegadttH who turned their back on the Chartist movement , we had but one opinion , namely , that they were iW nigs to tbe back bone , but professing to f > e Chartists , so that they might worm themselres into the peop-e ' . > confidence , calculating upon being able , at some convenient period , to turn the tide of popular / edtug in favour of their own allies , dio djiut . rump of Whiggery . To make mention of thet-c tricksters ia any public manner ia almost waste of timo ;( butwe consider it our duty to make the above fact known to the people as proving the oft-expressed opinion of ouselves and
others , regarding this joint in the ; tail of Wfiiggery . Some of these trimmers appear to have thrown ail feelings of honour to the winds , j This is evident in tbe conduct of certain mvmbers of tb& late " Central Committeo for Scotland . " It is well known that the leading members of that self-Sufficient junta had ; endeavoured by everything which low cunning could devise , to cut ont for themselves jobs by whichithey could act the gentleman at the exputse of a virtuous but confiding people , but on finding their schemes not to succeed , ! they , after having led their treasurer , Mr . G . Ross , I into debt , amounting to something more than £ 120 , left that gentleman to extricate himself aa h « might thiuk proper , True , they got up a soiree , when j
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/ nfpPifU , SpS utsfev ^ $ jt £ f £ rffi-Asidt't / f ~ Ai * n XSturge and S . Crawford were in GU ? gow , tht ,, ro < ceeds of which were to go to liqui' - ' Vn . * - ¦ & > ov 6 debt , but for reasons best known ta the party , 'aa Treasurer has never , tr > the knowledges of Mr . K . » s or the public , produced any balance sheet of tho said soiree . We were present along with MeB » rs . Kusa , Moir , and some other friends , at the mewing w >>« -re the soiree was , on the motion of Mr . W . C . jr ' al ? ison , agreed upon , and which resolution specially pn t ( . ^ d that the proceeds should go to liquidate the ok'br < m the Chartist Circular , due to Mr . Ross . Many attended that soiree on account of Mr . Ross , yet Vlr » 1 !
Ross knew no more of that soiree , excepting that it took place , than does the Emperor of Japan ; but this is not all . At the Jate Scottish Conv-nnun , held at Glasgow , our countrymen know th . y * r * these canters abont morality acted . The " uiiftria « cipled O'Connorites" were to be put down , to Drove these feBowu love of morality , though they ktt -W that a debt of near £ 200 had been contnuite < i hy them , and for which their treasurer , Mr . G . R ^ s , was bound . Notwithstanding tii » y having a ; -iid secretary , another person was appointed to a < ¦ ¦> . a 3 secretary for the Convention ; this fellow no- . ne minute book of the Central Committee away no his own house , to enable him to write the miniKftb it his own convenience . Sometime ago Mr . Ro > s ia i
endeavouring to wind up the affairs of the ( Vnual Committee , as a matter of course , found it neetvriary to have the minute book ; he accordingly » p }> ti > d to the person who acted as secretary lot the Convention , and in whose possession the book was , to have it returned , but this person , instead of assisting in relieving Mr . Ross from bialiabiiuies , demanded £ 2 for hia trouble in writing the nmui'es of Convention , ( tolerable for three days ) , ho ' -vovt-r , Mr . Ross paid the £ 2 ; after which , to hi > 'ui « r astonishment , he was told that Wm . Patsit * or had the book . Mr . Roas immediately applied to Patu son for it : but , that gentleman , instead of hand 1 " .:: the hook io Mr . R ., coolly told him he would nor a ; ve the book without a written order from Mr .
Yieicolm ; if he did even then . Comment on suni ocaduct would be superflous . We content . ou > ^ 'js wich stating the facts , leaving the people t ^ a-w thfiir ewn inference . We have i » quirc- < l a Hr . Ross ' s this rooming ( Monday ) , and find tht I .- >¦ & . is not yet returned . For what purpose r . ho miiiuifs of the Central Committee ib thuskipt up by one > m < ta members , we cannot well conceive . Soma 6 a , >¦ is to srtrve some purpose in the action of " 1 ; . - ^ ri -rs againtit Moir , " for defamation of character . ' [ ' da action is said to be pressed by other panics . "" . iiudt tho wissh of Rodgers . In justice to Mr . John n jdgers , from what we have hitherto known of hun . * vo are of opinion , that if left to hiniself , he woulu < k ^ dt be gnilty of such unmauly oonduot as he < - ¦ u « v
p aid to . be pursuing towards Moix ~ in this a .- >< j $ . No man who knows John Itodgers can b « -lu v .-- n . ul to be the author of charging Moir in a Ub .. -., a * tnons , with being a member of a physical for < . > ociaiiori , and a follower of Feargus O'Conu > .. If this be true , there can be but one opinion a > ' o the intent , viz ., an attempt to prejudice the C-iurt - .. . i . st Mr . Moir ; but be that as it may , we do ., uix JUhri Rodders as being tho aut . W . Tho t ; -,. , > ii 8 , both Whigs and would-be democrats , an i ¦• . st tho result of the Lancaster trials . They foik . '; , cxpecu-d that Feargus should be got ric of ... -it occasion ; and now that he has got all bu * c . ^* r ^ S they basely attempt to insinuate away his uha-a ^ i .-r , d-daringthat be is in league with the G- 'veij ^ atiit .
In the Glasgow Post , of — March , we find : : ( blowing precious morsel , also ia th « Paisley D >¦ , tor , and which , we believe , is from tn »; pen of a Q n > r . " A . t tho rcc > . nt trials at Lanca > t « r Mr . F-.- i-c-ia O'Connor has done more , we conceive , than < .. •¦ > . id euripicion of Hi » acting for the Tories . He ha .- r ' "'' -n good grounds for believing that he bas acted u . < J ; inection with the present Government an < i r > - \ t adherents . " He then entered into a history <> : :. ir O'Connor ' s abuse of the Whigs , and concluu il as follows— " In addition to these transactions > is worthy of remark , that the whole teuor «< f Mr . O'Connor ' s opening speech was an eulogiuni o . 'he Attorney-General and tho Government for Loir condnet- If he did not in direct words eay n » -ue
import of Mr . O Connor ' s speech wastoth . su . f- . e Government for having btought him and i- > < $ e arraigned with him to trial . " Now what wi ! : vAb canting professor of liberality think , tvben we u ) l him that if these trials had taken place in S > H . ai . l , under similar oircumsiances , the whole of t ; i .- irt-Boners would have been dismissed , not by a * ci-v 3 fc of the jury , snch would not have been asked , I . ¦ . < -j the Juo ' ges . Having found that these wick i ¦ - . id malicious' in ? inuations , from the pen of John H D . itrson , had conveyed false impressions in the ;/ . ;> : u < ie of a thorough knowledge of the case , to maiiv > t-ilmeaning minds , we were led to inquire into i ^ v . w . vr of evidence in Scotland , to Bee whether the ; - was room for the insinuations of the reputed En . xr of
th »> Glasgow Post , and in the hope that the r « -- » - ' > ji onr inquiry may be the means of enabling . " : < . O square his actions with his professions , aa well ¦ io save him in future from thehamility of betray b ^ his ignorance of the criminal lawa of his countrv , we quote the following from Allison ' s Practice of C < ruinal Law ' s— " If an attempt is made to tu * or or ' , notice on a witness in the course of his examinan- 'u , or before it , the person guilty of such practices is i . !« to summary trial and punishment . " It is frequently made a question whether a witness may riw ^ o notes or memorandums , made up to assist his memory . On tbi 9 subject the rule is that notes or ictw randuins made by the witness at the moment , > -y jL 4 afju-T the fact , may b « locked to , in order to r ? i > - -Ii
his memory . Gordon Kiniooh ' s case , 29 . it Ju a , 1795 , Buruett ( 459 ) ; but if they were xa \ & < - _ > - > t the distanca of weeks or months thereafter , an < i ! -v U mor « , if done at the recommendation of one v . •? t ^ e parties , they are not admissable . It is > accoriir Ay usual to allow witnesses to look to their l > h !»< » - randums , made at the time , of dates . £ fctance .- < , ;< p « pearances of dead bodies , lists of stolen goods , uv t hd like , before emitting his testimony—or © von to rei » d Fuch notes to the jury as his evidence , he hu . vi . ig first sworn that they were made at the timr , and faithfully , done . With the exception , howt'ni , oi such memorandums , a witness is not permri . tJ to refer a written paper as containing his depn-r'i-. is , for thut would annihilate the whole adva-ih .. ; j of parole evidence , and viva vece examination , a ; id convert jury trials iato a mere oonaideran-u af written evidence . Page 550—If any auer . ,: , a made to tutor or practice on a witness in the ¦ vnjrsa
of hia examination , or before it , the person gu'i . y of euch practices is liable to summary trial and raii-hment . Thus a female was sent to jail for pnv \ e >] y whispering to a witness in course of a it-. j ... - Wm . Sikth , « ch July , 1714 . " It is a goner . rule in the law of Scotland that tbe witnesses nn / 'ii'C' r . « examined separately . It ta founded ou the iaipo " .-ance of haWue tne story of each witn . Si fresh in ! , 3 owu recolhcti-n , unmingled with the imprciji-us received from hearing the depositionB of ¦¦ v ..- -, m the same case ; and , although it is iinD <^ 3 it , " to prevent conversations between them , y .-t ? V ex-ienc ^ of thin comparatively inconsiderable * v . ; , wnu-h cannot be avoided , is justly considered as no r « - ' j ..- - -a for voluntarily incurring a greater at t !» ' v .-ry moment of trial . It is iroposs-ible that a perron -vijo heard the evidence at a trial can avoid taking up a i impr « s « iou one way or other , as to the facts w hi . h it involves ; and , if the witnesses are to be ca' \ d
late iu the day , have heard important ev . de-. oe from those who have gone before them , it i * uot in human nature , that they should not give moie decided testimony , one way or the oth * r , rha / i Jioy would have done if their minds had been un ^ lv-ed by everything exoeptirig what tbpy * tr > Ptn .- " -ives had witnessed , and it is hoped when other p-sr ' s : > f our insututions are swept away in the growl ' ' ;;; passion for innovation , this at least will be allov . ci to r <> ni 9 . 'D a cioQuiDent of the wisdom and hum ?! t ; of the Soottis ' - ! legislature . Let Provost H * nd < T . e <> i , and those croakers who are ba . se enough to iocinunc-o that "Feargus O'Connor has given good ground ? ijr
believing that he is acting in connection w b tue present Government and its political adherents . " contrast the above , as the foundation of the law > f evidence in Scotia-nd , with the manner in which .. tnrsws were tutored and practised on at and prevn -n to the lai * trial at Lancaster , and tty if thry rtn point to a single fa « t , and say " Here is proo . ' that feargas O'Connor is acting m connection wiih ; ne present Government . " No , no , they will not u > . ' : > rtake rhe task ; it saite their purpose much belter co deal in generalities ' , and say to their dupes , " F-.- * r-Kus O'Connor is acting with the Tories . " ThPtH ! ows know they lie wi . en they eay so . Trial by Jury waB little short of a muri ; i ; irce at Lancaster ; the
witnesses were tutored aud practised on ; th <> d .-positions taken before ihe magistrates wbtc real to them in presence of each other , and that o , i tha morning before thty were examined , which , a . •«<¦ , r < img to the law of Scotland , converted the " trul t , if » a mere consideration of written evidence . " W > - n ^ ve thus as briefly as possible placed the unfounded accusations of the Glasgow Post side by side with ihe laws of Scotland , as regards trial by jury , and according to the above law , as laid down by that prnamen ' , to Scottish jurisprudence . Professor Hume , Burnett , Allison , and others . We challenge John Henderson , or any other to show why Mr . O'Connor and his fellow prisoner s should not have been dismissed by the Judge in conseauence of the manner in which the witnesses had been " tutored and practised on . " *
The DiBECroBS of the Glasgow Charter Association met on Friday evening for tho transaction of their ordinary business . At the close of the business , Mr . J . Colquhoun moved that a special meetiag of the directors be held on Monday evenina , tha 1 / fJi instant , to take into consideration the propriety of getting up a social meeting on the eTening of th « third Monday in May , being the anniversary of tho day ( 21 stMay ) on which the People's Charter wa 3 first publioly proclaimed on the Green of Glasgow . Mr . Ross asked whether Mr . Colquhoun intended that any of our friends from a distance should ba invited ? Mr . C . said he should be happy to see Mr . Hill , Editor of the Northern Star , and Messrs . Dnncombe and O'Connor at tbeir meeting , which he hoped would be a soiree on a splendid « oale . Messrs . Smith , Brown , and others , expressed their warm acquiescence in the proposition , alter which the resolution wjus unanimously agreed to .
Cfcarttgt Sntcllt'sroc?.
Cfcarttgt Sntcllt ' sroc ? .
To The Producers Of Wealth, And All Those Who Live By Industry Ojf The Land.
TO THE PRODUCERS OF WEALTH , AND ALL THOSE WHO LIVE BY INDUSTRY OJf THE LAND .
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c AND LEEDS GENERAL ADVERTISER . . .. . _ . ^^ Y ot
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~ VOL . VI . NO . 283 . ' SATURDAY , APRIL 1571843 . . PS ^ % ^ ^^ i i
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 15, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct929/page/1/
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