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THE MRTHEEN STAfi SATURDAY, AUGUST 26, J8i3.
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THE! "JREBEGCA" MOTEMENT
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SOUTH WALES , ( From oar mm CorrespondatLJ CBXS . T 1 SU IS StrjjrsEA . — Sow triumphantly the Sraaea xorr&pon&ent of the " Weekly Gnatide * expatiates on tb * praiseworthy eon 3 uct of " ibs anthoxille ^ in prevailing upon Qie teotker broad-brims , the proprietors ol die Trade * Hall , to violate tfceir engBg 8-rnent , and refu » e its use . after it had been taken , and the bUl altersd-at their own suggestion ; out how chopfaDen -were tbe irtaQues -when tee p l acard * ^ ere issued czBzng the mes'&ng in tie open air . And O "What a fuss the ' xuUiorltieB manifested 1 "We bad cavalry parading ibe streets , carbine in hand , half an nonr prior to the r > y « oTT ^ Wi « g « f the meeting ; the infantry ¦ were nnder anna in the barracks ; the rurals were
&XSWIX npr ¦ " rsDk and file" 3 n tae station bouse ; and the town police , under the command of their worthy inspector , "were marshalled to onr place ol meeting at the sands . But the -sroriies -were not to be " done . " TTrfshnien hare got so -ztsed to the parade of physical force , that they laughed long and loudly at the helpless imbeciles . Even the Whig preea gives ns between one and two thousand at the meeting ; and we may at all times doable the somber which they allow . Disinterested parties state that fnBy fbnr thousand persons ¦ were present ; and a greater degree of attention they . never caw paid to any jpeslter . One of " the respects-Mm * attempted to get up a tow , hnt lie met with no fevsui even from tbose of his own order . Indeed one of onr town councillors told him if he were a "poor man
anS attempted such conduct , he would be speedily eon- " reyed to the lock-up . The men were so highly Exasperated at the condnct of the zpringald of gentility , that had it not been for the intercession of the councilor allnied to , they were about to sober Mm with , a dip in . the bay . "We -were -honoured with the company of the worshipful the Mayor , the learned town clerk , and not a few of the magistrates resident in town . One of the many middle-class men present observed , with a sneer , that" it was a tale which liad been often told ;" but another of the same body gave him an immediate yebrike by remarking *¦ that all classes had Buffered from the wasteful extravagance of tbs Government ; and When they ( the middle classes ) felt it as keenly as the VoiMng men , be doubted sot that they would cry out as loudly as any ; and lie would say , for isxa own part , that they were rapidly verging to snch a consummation . " Several similar scenes took place , as bye-play , in VBTions parts of the meeting ; for when the police
inspector remarked that * ' they were only a parcel of ragged ruffians , " one of the working men' replied , — " TesI we are lagged , Tjst iv is witii heaping gay galacDtsand gold iings epos such fellows as yon . " The inspector was silent . . A peattenoz of the name of Bees XB&de some similar remark , bnt quietly sseaked off ¦ when he was politely asiea the qnestion : " Who stole £ be < 3 onkey ? " Of the thousands who were present not a drzsn went away before tie conclusion ; and waen file speaker was requested to deliver a second lecture in the coarse of tlie following week , only one hand was h&& Tip against the motion , that tbejtgnest . be mad& 'WMggoysttd Toryism are decidedly at a discount ; for as a proof of the good feeling inwards the Chartists "Which this meeting has engendered , a very respectable inhabitant of the town lias Yoluntarily made them the ¦ offer of the rue of a room capable of holding 300 iiidi-Tidnala , -without fee < nt reward , wherever they think \ prepee . i
Thb , CoEPBaatxs ' s Stkt&e—The report which 1 gave yoa last week of the rtturn cf a part of thecoppannen to work has turned out to be premature . The report , however , is still general that the only thing ¦ which prevents Sir . Benson from re-opening his works % \ the old price * is , the nnwfllingneas of the other Tnwtera to have it said , that tbt-y gave in to the men . She tsrn-onta do not assemble in snch large jjnmbers , nor hold meetings as they did at the commencement of the Strike j bat they still manifest » firm , determination not to j etarn to wort at tfca proposed reduction .
Kebicca axd hxb Daughters . —I reported to you » fortnight ago the destracSon of the tollgate in fijs neighbourhood of ilandly . Xast we ; k , two . persons , Jifrnfjft 2 £ ' 3 £ 3 erD 3 n and Zaxsg , both jrablicsns in that town , "were brought before the magistrates there , charged with being concerned is the above outrage . "The toll-keeper positively swore t 9 the identity of the parties , and to their hting participators in the destruction of the gala , and toll-house . No material fact was elicited in the coarse of a ri g id cross-exsailnatioa , ex- ' . eept that the . wiiness was drank -when be first gave the : infonBatianto the magistrates by which the prisoners ; vere implicated in the transaction . The defendants j "Were committed Sat trial at the Sptcial Commission , j " Men it im expected "Bill be held f-r the " special" j benefit oi such of the supposed " daughters" of oat re- j Downed hfcraine as" the powers that be" have -got into j their-dotcbes . They were subsequently admiUed
tobail , Jn £ 2 VD « : sb , and two sureties in half the sum . j Tonr Taaders may xemember the ^ Instruction of the , Handilo gate , situate in the isanediats vicinity of . Dyaevor Park , ' Has seat of the Lord-Lieutenant of the i county , and within two bundled yards of a troop of dragoons ; jet so orderly were the proceedings of the ; Bebeccsltes on that occasion , and so noiselessly were j their operations carded an , that not a soul was aware j of their proceedings until the work was completed and j the liolea dispersed . A second -visit vu paid last , : ^ gapfe '^ nfliciaLTna-nrig ^ h nTrrhiwrt > iy "Wiw nr / wn-wpin > ' imr 1 i her astersj -when the Pontbren-aretb gate , three miles ! from Timiann on the old road to Uangadoek , was ; wholly destroyed . The farmers are bent on resisting '
the rural police scheme ; they jsy justly that they are ; almost mined already—that Lord John Russell began Jhe -work ; ana that Sir Robert Pael , with Ms Tariff and ] Canadian Corn Law , has put the cope-stone on the job j ¦ which TixaliSy begun . The fact is , that if an addition ] i > e made to the county rate for the support of the Hub bottles , ihat they cant , and won ' t pay a single ; farming . They xagB , with much justice : " Let the ] ^ gBntry keep them f they engaged them . " As a proof of i tbe heavy enctaons to which the fnrmwa are » abj&ct 1 b consequence of the thickly planted toll gates , 1 may jaention-ttatfcwn XJanon to Pontirdulais , a distaDCe of only rix miles , there are three separate toll bars , at each-of which toll has to be paid ; so that to take a single horse and cart from the one plaoetd the other , no less thas Is . Bi . it Exacted for toll , ileetiiaa of the
fanners in CarmarUJcnEhiTe and ( ymnnrga . nn ^ iTTO , are taking place every ' day , at which they demand that the Hew Poor Law shall be abolished ; that tithes shall be abolished—ex-else ; tSiat Ttnts shall be reduced—or else ; that the side bars and toll grievaacea shall bs abolishea , or . else ; that the county expenditure shall be ^ im 1 nJsbed ^ = or elBei ana finally , that &e " rurals " J&all be dismissed , or else Vis Jiodumal warfare shall mtisTBtixde . ' A spirit of disaffection to the present order ot llsmga 3 s rapidly taking hold of the minds of the furmfTft . At a metting of the trustees of the KidynVy and Three CommottflKoadTnigts It was resolved , Kiat iieaiiy-ihm gates , in these two trusts , be forthwitb abolished . This drcumstanee has shown the fanners plainly that justice would never have been
done them had they sot bees prepared to do it len themselves ; and , -instead of satlBfjing them , this i urging them on to make other claims , of which , at titi commencement , th * y never dreamed . The magistrates as the correspondent of the Jlornhig Chronicle , observes tae literally " shakingin their shoes , " and know no -what to do . They idlk of icil cting a fine of £ 5 ei every one who refuses to be swots is as special con stables . If so , they will have to fine half the farmer is the county . They cannot execute warrants withon the assistance of the military ; and they are almos afraid to sign a committal In addition to the com TmVtaJg which I have already recorded , I bare learaet that Win . Bavies , of Nantyfen . was last week nnall ; committed for trial at Carmarthen , when bail to tin amount of £ 4 , 000 was offered and refused .
The informer Jones has been Irving in clover at th < station house , ever since the txanjitiation and committal of tfee psrtie * charged with the destruction of th < Bolgoed Bar . At a recent meeting of the poli « committee , a motion was brought forward " that tb < fellow be Bent about his business ; or , if he requires protection , that he take up his abode in the house of cor weSon . " This motion waa opposed by a certaii «• : sunny ** gent -b * o presides at that board , on the ground HJ ^ t the proposer wanted a " bif at tbe mwiitratei whowera ^ riot present to defend Hiemselves . 8 o there ia aUlikelibood thefeUow wfllTemam .
• jaaHIS'Ss'srs- ^ sS JSS ^^ sa ^ ssSsSsS :. tatarMd ^ M ^ , tt ^ solved tiS nrt cS vere the troop , in the Bracks wbolirinadejaate to ^ "nt ^ Peace ° * >»«««* b / t evenXSdi-* " 2 ^ *»«« 5 »^»' . a « w * ereil on the publicW ^ we ^ Loi ^ sssastr 1 " 1 *
SBBECCA ACOKBLECIOa or POOS Ia-W EVI 13 ^ - 5 ? wo years ago aftariale semat -ot a respectable (?» freeholder was brpngbt to bed of . a bounemgboy Wie eould not prove her maBter tobeiU father , andwis con » qaenay eompelled to take abetter . in the workBouse 'When 4 iischar « ed , ihe had to maintain the child ber-» elf , ifflfil "Bfcbecea revived that it was abont ame fcr fiarplaj , and that the fanner should take his turn aow . Aboattwelve o ' clock on Pridayinght , a carriage drove up to tb » front deor of bis mawion . On opening the door , be saw a black footman letting down tbe Steps of the carriage , and handing out % lady with a child in her arma . Tie lady Ifitrodoeea herself as the aenowned "Keb ^ ca f told him ffiis was his own child ; and that if h * did not now takecare of it , and bring it np ai wtll as be bad been brought up himself , be * won ] d rue his disobedience to her commands . The astounded farniEr promised compliance , when the lady shook bands witb him , banded him the chad ,
reentered the « sniage , and drove off The little one remains with the fanner , and Sb treated as one of the family . Bibecca js WXST ATJCKiasiJ . — -Danng tiielasl yet * this mother of many thousands , with some of htr euldrcn , areaia to have visreed this place , and taken aqoauuty » f potatoes from a field very near the town . * ro poung , . reward is offered ; but the "" lady' - and her ZBmnj havea yet escaped detection
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» THE LAND" AND THE LEEDS MERCURY
CABBASES jlKD PotaTOBb , versus * ' HISTORIES OP THB COTTOM TBJLDE . " Whbk the employment of our unemployed labour and unproductive capital , upon the soils of our own country , under circumstances that Trill ensure indepeudencs to the labourer , has been advocated , a » the means of producing plbkty for all , and removing the horrible mass of poverty and misery caused in tbe manufacturing districts by the labour-displacing-prooess of machinery ; and in the agricultural districts , bj the Big JFarm Bnll-Frog system : when this plain , simple , easy , and practicable plan of
relief has been proposed , rather than the enactment of a measure which will cause a farther ** extension" of machinery in the manufacturing districts , and by consequence , & further displacement of labourers ; and cause , too , the main portion of the lands in the agricultural districts to be still less cultivated than they are at present by the Bull-Frogs , and , by consequence , a still farther decrease of the number of labourers employed in tilling the soil : when the friends to the employment of Home-Labour for the production of HoKE-FooD , have hinted that common sense dictated that it would be more iuioemoiical
to make our own Land prodnce the quantity of food required , r&tfcer than be placed in a position to he depbkdakt on others for that which we could not do without : when this scheme has been advocated , both as a measure of sound national policy , and as the only means of relief from the misery and destitution eEgendered by tbe present direction of the National Energies , a- yell of clamour has ' been set np by the " Profound Political Economists" as senseless as it has been loud . " England can not produce enough of corn . " w She can sot , becacsb she < loes sot . " M Capital will aiways be employed in those pursuits that will give a return ;
and it is clear that if a better cultivation of the Land wonld be more remunerative , more capital would be employediin that cultivation . " " We shall therefore always have to depend on the foreigner for a portion of our supply : and it iB therefore our interest to get it from him as cheap as we can ; and all lawB that would prevent us from doing so , though passed to PROTECT home laboub , are vioious in principle , and injurious in practice . " Such are a few of the Cuckoo songs that are instantly sung , the momeat a plain , simple , common-sense , unpretending politician , ventures to speak of THE Land as a remedy , for the national eTil of non * employment and as the first and best field for the exercise of National
energy . It is in vain that you adduce facts in support of your common-sense positions . It is in vain that you Bhew that the Land is , in reality , cjotlled , compared with what it might be , by the aid of science and modern improved modes of culture . It is in vain that you point attention to the well-known fact , that no pains have been taken , comparatively speaking , toeneourage agricultural science ; while every care has been had to foster u invention" and ** improvement" in manufacturing machines , until the whole art is now almost wholly performed by
inanimate means ; and chemical pouter applied to the perfeeiion , in afew hours , of processes connected with manufactures which before-time occupied more than months . It is is rain that yon shew thst the : implements mainly used by the tiller of the soil , are the rude and ill-adapted ones of more than a thousand years make ; that few have turned their attention to &e employment of the new lights of science in the construction of tools wherewith to cause the earth to teem with n . extt in abundance ; and that fewer still have striven to cause the far deeper and more general chemical knowledge we Kow possess to be
employed in aid of agriculture . It is in rain that you show that the operation of our Bull-Frog Big Farm system tend to the bad-culture and no-culture of the Land ( even rnde as culture sow i& ); from the absolute impossibility of one man attending to the uants ot such an extent of surface as the Big Farm system causes him to have ; that be cannot have the requisite capital ; nor if he had , ( which is not at all desirable ) he cannot rightfully superintend the necessary operations from sheer want of time to attend to all and each . It is in vain that you show the baneful workings of our iniquitous law of primogeniture ,
which causes the Land to be locked up in the hands of the few to tbe wrong and great injury of the many . It is in -vain that you demonstrate the evilB to agriculture itself , attendant on the making of the landlord ' s land the qualification for the rabserrient tenant's vote , 2 t is in vain that yoB prove , by actual experiment , what can be done with the Land by improved implements , a judicious application of chemical knowledge , and improved modes of culture . It is in vain that you prove that it is possible , in all cases , to quadruple your produce , from land badly rilled , by tilling according to a lest expensive mode .
It is in vain that yon show , by actual fact , that the produce may , in many instances , be increased tenfold , and more . It is in vain that yon show that the rudest and most antiquated modes of culture are the most expensive and wasteful ? and that a less outlay of labonr and capital , if judiciously and scientifically applied , would result in a far better return . It is in vain that you adduce , and prove & 11 these thinra . The profound political economist" heeds
them not . Wrapped up in the axioms of his school ; crammed to the throat with the cuckoo sayings of hiB tribe ; stuffed with self-conceit and puffy vanity , almost to bursting ; big with disdain of all that is ¦ unpretending and " un-learned" ; being , in short y the actual embodyment of supercillionsness and coxeombery , yonr crack " profound political economist '' will dispatch yonr facts with a sneer ; and foiiiiwiib spent a ° lot of theory" to PROVE to you that which you xsow has been done , comxt wot bt POSSIBILITr BBl !
Precisely snch an animal as this , is the Profound Political Economist * ' of the Leeds Mercury ; and precisely in this manner has he met the advocacy of the employment of The Lawd to the removingbf the destitution caused to the maQofaotoriog and agricultural irorkers by his political economy . " The advocacy of the employment of The Land to snch an end as we have just spoken of , is no new thing with the Northern Star . The letters of Mr .
CComsok in its pages have done much in the way o farming pnblio opinion npon the question , by directing public attention to it , and setting forth tbe advantages to be dented to all classes of society from a proper and useful application of labour ' s energies to our ownsoil ; and we trust ihat the many Editorial articles that have appeared ^ from time to time , and months ago , from tbe pen of the present writer , ha"ve not been witbont their effeot . The present position
of Ths Laud question clearly shews that tbe efiV > rt of its advocates have not been in Tain . It now occupies , hi some shape or other , the main portion of the public attention . "What is the cry for , and tbe dread of , "fixity of tenure /* but the Laud question forcing for itself a way through and amidst the u profound political economical" nostrums of the day , shameing them out of existence by mere force of contrast ! Tbe battling of "Rebecca * with "fixed tithes , tan * , and rents f what is that but the Land : question in anotherphase , struggling to get itself into j its own andproper position ! The now incessant advice
from our " profound political economists" themselves to the agriculturalists , to rely more upon imj proved modes of culture for a return for their capij tal than npon protective laws , is but another inj dication of the general feeling in connection with tie due occupafaon and employment of the soil : and j this Mdieafion is all the more satisfactory , because I it demonstrates that the « profound" ones tnem-, selTes ; those who used to talk that" it would be well were the fields of England covered over with , an encrustation of Lava , to mTOi THB guowtb OP A > i , TH £ B BLA » E t ) P COBS OB GBASS , that our \ entire population mu ^ hl be empl oyed in manufactures , 1 io give lo the foreigner in exchange for his much
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cheaper agricultural produce , both corn and cattle ;" it demonstrates that the " wise" men who could at one time , when ; the u manufacturing game" was ** profitable ; " when itwasleating its thousands and its millions to the " masters , " and " r / jore kicks than ha ' pence" to the men ; it shews that even those , who could then spout this balderdash , and wish England a barren rock , are now forced , themselves , to consider The Land question , and teach the farmer how to use his soil to produce more of national wealth .
What is the loud demand of the working people for a plain , simple , and efficient pun for practical operations on ths Land , but the effort of man to regain bis natural position , from which he has been dislodged by the combined operations of high-taxation , paper-money , and an unduly-hot-bed-forced amount of manufacturing machinery ? Yes ! The Land question is THE QUESTION of the day ; and well is it for the suffering poor that it has been bo strenuously and so successfully forced upon general public attention .
But what has all this to do with me , exclaims the " Profound Political Economist" of the Leeds Mercury , Why have you mixed me np with your Land question ? What have I to do with it , whether you choose to advise people to grow potatoes or not ? Pray what connection has my " History of the Cation Trade" to do with cabbages 1 Softly , good Mercury . Don't get ont of wind . YouTI need it just now to blow your OWN Potatoes with , as they are just about to be served-up again " all hot "; and we intend you and ourselves to * ' discuss" them ^ together . You are a " dab hand " at growing them , we all know : let us see what sort of a customer at eating you are .
It was not long ago , Mr . Mercury , that you sneered at Mr . O'Connob , because he drew a perfectly legitimate deduction from a plain unanswerable fact of experiment : and you asked if it were " possible that any man in Europe could be so ignorant t za to be imposed upon by such a monstrous mass of absurdities" ? The fact which Mr . O'CoNNoa detailed , was , that Mr . John Lihton , of Selby , Yorkshire , nineteen miles from Leeds only ( not in Japan ) ; had proved to himself , from actual practice ; from actual experiment ; that a little more than three roods of land , wiih moke than onk-thied of it in gbass , could ba made to produoe , after paying a
back bent , and after paying taxes , and for seed , and for wear and tear of implements ; Mr . John Linron PROVED to himself , that he could , from the abovespecified small extent of land , and that too not of the best quality , but far from it when he bsgan his experiment , and with less than two-thirds of it in cultivation : the f act from whioh Mr . O'Connor drew his deduction was , that Mr . John Linton made manifest , at Selby , no further from Leeds than Selby—one hour ' s ride—that 4 , 021 square yards of land , with 1 , 350 square yards of it in grass ; that this small extent , when partially , cultivated , oould be made to yield crops worth £ 57 , after paying Rack bent , taxea , for seed , and for wear and tear of
implements ! Sach was the fact narrated by Mr . O'Conjjob , on the authority of Mr . John Linton himself , who iB no stranger in Selby , which is only nineteen miles from Leeds ; and the inference that Mr . O'Connob drew from that fact was , that if three roods of Land would leave £ 57 , after payments as above set forth , focb acres cultivated in the same manner only : i . e ., more . than one-third ofit in grass , would leave £ 305 . This fact , and the naturally-formed inference from it , the Mercury designated " a monstrous mass of absurdities" ; and asked " if it was possible for any man in Europe to be so ionobakt ' [ yes , 1 GNORA . NT was the word I ] " as to be imposed upon" by them 2
It happened , however , that the ** profound" Mercury , had himself vouched for the accuracy of a much more apparent " monstrous mass of absurdities , " whioh made the doings of Mr . Linton , extraordinary aa they appeared to the " Profound Political Economist , " to be a mere bagatelle , when compared with the doings of tbe potatoe-gboweb '» of the Mercury . We have just now to report some more < fom ^ '' ot Mr . John Linton , who lives at Selby ; and a portion of those doings relate to ** potatoe-growing " too t— ( perhaps be has been
trying to beat the Mercury ; with what fiuoceaa we shall soon see ) . Indeed , the main object that we have in view is to chronicle those "doings" of Mr . Linton , round-about as we may appear to goto work to accomplish that object . The fact is , that a bare sight of Mr . Li . vton ' s letter brought to mind the agricultural labours of the " fbofoukd" Hercury * ' Potatoe-grower f and we could not refrain from cooking up " the mess" over again , and haying a tete-a-tete with " the grower" whils we skinned his murphy" I
We will Tery Boon have Mr . Linton ' s account of his new doings ; but it shall be by way of dessert-The meal : i . e . the feed , shall be the Mercury ' s own . Whether his potatoes are " meally" or not , will be best proved by the eating . First , then , for the sneer -. and then the dish of "Prince Regents , " warmed-up , and seasoned with pepper . " Chartist Pbospects . —That very profound politician and political economist , Mr . Feargtu OConnor , ia at present engaged in developing a plan for tbe
advancement of tbe wealth and happiness of his followers , and for securing the success of the Charter . This scheme is beautifully simple , and ia ' comprebunded in tbe ¦ ingle sentence— ' Get pouevsion of the land . ' Not all the land , that is unnecessary ; bnt each Chartist ia to buy or rent four acres . Having accomplished this object , he is to set about tbe cultivation of bis farm , and the following he I * assured will be the reward of bis labours ; s large ironfounder , of tbe name of Linton , at Selby , in Yorkshire , the Ctiarttstfl are told , cultivates three roods of land , near tbe town of Selby , with distinguished success . .
" And now , says Feargns . 'for the result of W 8 experiment ; ( we quote air . O'Connor's own words )—' upon this three quarters of an acre be last year fed two cows and eight pigs , besides a quantity of poultry , and had vegetables for his table . We will snppose the eight pigs to cov . sanw as much as two cows , in order that we may come to something like a calculation of value . To do this he has not cultivated anything near the entire of tbe three quarters of an acre and he gives bis labourer Ss- a day for every day ' s work . Leaving out , then , everything but the four cows , see what the profit of nineteen days' labour leaves , for that is , I understand , the nnmber of days * work required for all Mr . Linton ' a operations up to the present time . If an operative csn now sell his labonr for fifteen shillings a week , he considers himself a happy man ; and let us
see by this scala what it would bo worth . We must not suppose that Mr . Linton ' s bad ground possesses much charm beyond that which labour can o * mmnnicate , and the following 1 b the result upon three quarters of an acre . He feeds , or cottld feed , four cowb . Snppose such cows to give six quarts of milk at a nreal , for the six snmmer months at 2 d . per quart , each cow produces £ 18 4 * . worth of milk ; but to be under , take j £ 3 4 s from tbe produce of each , it leaves profit upon the fonr cows £ 80 for thirty days' labour , and 25 s . rent , for this land is not worth more than £ l the acre , or li >« . fur three quarters of an acre . Mow four acres cultivate in tbe same way , would leave , after deducting the < £ 3 4 s . from the above moderate coat of production and pnee , the sum of £ 300 pur annum , out of which £ 4 far rent should be paid . '
•* Is it possible that any man in Eurooe can be so igno * rant as to be imposed npon by this monstrous masa of absurdities 1 Ar . d ia it further possible that such a man shonld set himself up for the founder of a pojitieal sect J which is in due time to swallow np all other political parties , and to become Lord of the Ascen ' dant . " — Leeds Mercury ,, May 6 tb , 1 S 43 . Now , it might , in all conscience , be considered » frM » D » wer to tbe above specimen of iV / erctma /" profundity" to adduce tbe statement 6 f Mr . LintonTfcS to what he has actually done with his little more them three roods of yroundi It might be considered , ana would be , a fail crushing answer to this . sneering " Political £ conomf 8 t , "tto show teat when Mr . lAnton'a three rood * , partly cultivated , leaveB * 57 , auer paying a ** BACK-ietjti" and payment of taxes too , as
well as for seta , and wear and tear of implements , fodr ACRts cultivated in ' the same manner , and bearing the same rale of expence , would IbaVb £ 305 2 ! as 1 have conclusively shown in the foretjoine part of this letter . This , I say , might be considered , and would be , a sufficient answer . But I vrillnoi leave it there . I will not content myself with that statement and that shewing . Mr . Linton is not the only one who has been trying experiments with smalt portions of land . Others have turned their attention to tbi- matter , as well as Mr . Linton ; and I am happy to be able to give the results of a series of ** experiments , " which folly bear out Mr . Linton ' s Biatements , and aTe besides hard " fscts" which will take all the ** pTC ! UTjdity"of th « " Political Rruwiomisi " of the Mercury u > uvevcouie ! Here is tbe statement :
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" GROWTH OF POTATOES . —A correspondent , who takes a i good deal of interest in the production of poUtoes . and who on a former occasion furnished us wiHi a communication on this subject , sends us the following as the result of bis labours . The experiments may be found very useful to those parties who are just now engaged in cultivating small plots of ground . Toe plan has been pursued for two years ; tbe month of March la both ' years being selected for plantings In order to show which plan is the most productive , every row of potatoes is reckoned ten yarda long , and the first row to produce 40 pounds : — ¦ X lbs . " 1 st Ashtop Potatoes , eiza of a hen egg , cut
in two , but planted before they begin to sprout ; many small ones when ripe ... ... ... 40 " 2 nd . Ashtop Potatoes , cut In two , but sprouted one inch before they were planted ; thotops were shorter and the potatoes ready for use fourteen days sooner ; when ripe , few small 30 " 3 rd . Ashtop potatoes , the size of a goose egg , planted whole , and sprouted one inch ; when full grown very bushy , and few small „ . ... ... 40 " 4 th . Ashtop Potatoes , cut in two , and sprouted one inch ; they were ready for use fourteen days sooner than tbe above ... 45 " 5 th . Aehtop Potatoes , cut In two , and planted before they begun to sprout ; when ripe , part
small .., ... ... ... ... 40 " It appears in this statement , that one Ashtop potatoa , the slss , of a hen egg , cut in two , produced the same weight as the size of a goose egg set whole : the only difference is , that there were less small in the latter ; and it will be found that a potatoe cut in two , will , after Having made its appearance above ground , in the course of ten or fourteen days , appear more promising than a whole potatoe ; in about a fortnight afterwards , however , the whole one will take tho lead , bat the cut potatoes will be ready for use first lbs . " 6 th . Prince Regent Potatoes , tbe size ot a wallnut , planted whole , before they began to sprout ... 80
" 7 th . Prince Regent Potatoes , cut in pieces , so as to leave e > nly one eye for a plant ; very weak ... 30 " 8 th . Prince Regent Potatoes , tke s ? z » of a cricket-ball , cut in two , bat sprouted one inch ... 160 " 9 th . Prince Regent Potatoes , sprouted one inch , and ! planted whole ... ... .. ... 120 *• loth . Prince Regent Potatoes , out in pieces , so as to leave only one eye for a plant ; strong tops ... 60 " llttu iWhole Prince Regents , tbe size of a child ' s ball , planted with long stable litter ... 22 " AH the potatoes ( excepting No . 11 ) were planted with manure composed of ashes , road-scrapings , lime , soot , night soil , &o ., well mixed together .
" Tbe land is rich black boh , clay , sand , and red earth , and in order to ensure a fair trial , six rows of each sort of potatoes were planted in different patta of the field ; ( and potatoes have been grown 6 s the same land for four years , and the last crop has been the best " Our correspondent formerly sent an account of 10 yards 10 iiches producing 10 stones 5 lbs ., the tops weighing 7 stones 3 lbs . ; out of 12 rows , measuring 10 yards each , be obtained 70 stones 5 lbs ,, or out of 12 * yard , 985 lbs . of potatoes : 24 of these potatoes weighed 28 lbs . "Aihtop Potatoes . —The ridges were twenty inches asunder ; Prince Regents , ... ... thirty inches . "
Now , where does the reader imagine I have picked up this statement ! Where Is it from ? From the Chartist , Mr . Linton ! or from a Chartist at all . No ! It is from the Leeds Mercury itself !!! Tbe * ' correspondent" is the Mercury ' s own ; and the truth of this " monstrous mags of absurdities" is vouched for by the Mercury ' s " profound" self ! Let us examine this statement . Let us analyse it . Let us see if it does bear out both Mr . Linton and myself . One row , ten yarda long , produced , of Prince Regent ' s potatoes ( No . 8 , in statement ) 1601 bs . This Bort was planted in rows thirty inches apart . A small plot of land , ten yards long , and ten yards broad , making 100 square yards in all , would bare twelve rows , ten yards long , producing 1601 bs . each row : or ! . 920 lbs . in the whole .
In an acre of laud , there are 4 , 840 square yards . If 100 square yards produce l , 9201 bB , one acre cultivated in the same way will produce 92 , 92 Clba ; and four acbbs will produce 371 , 7 Q 21 bs . A bushel of potatoes is accounted to weigh 721 bsM when bought by weight , 721 b . ia given to the bushel . One hundred square yards will therefore produce 26 i bushels ; an aore will produce 1 , 290 bushels ; and four acres 5 , 160 bushels . '' Potatoes are now soiling , from tho boats at Warehouse-hill , in Leeds , at 9 d . for 481 ba ; i . e . Is . l £ d . the bushel of 72108 . This pride is extremely low ; \ lower that has been known for a considerable period . The average price is accounted is . 6 d . per bushel . I will , however , take the present market price .
If one bushel of Potatoes sells for la . Id ., the preduoe of foub acres , 5 , 160 bushels , will sell for « 29028 . 4 d , ! l ! Bravo ** pbofdnditv" ! I estimated the yearly amount of produce of foub a « hes , when cultivated bo as to give FIVE CROPS in threb years , at £ 300 j and THE " Political Economist" of the Mercury exclaims "is it possible that any man in Europe can be so ignorant as to be imposed upon by this monBtrous mass of absurdities . " The Mercury himself Bbows from actual fact , from stern , stubborn " experiment , " that four acres , with only ONE CROP per year , will produce £ 290 2 s . 4 d . !!! Where now iB the sneer !
The Mercury ' s man has beaten Mr . Linton hollow ! If is " monstrous mass of absurdities" are sober statements , compared with the " monster montrositiea" of the Mercury . Let us examine each of them . Mr . Linton ' s statement is , that upon 1 , 748 yards he produces 140 bushels of potatoes . The Mercury s Man produces upon 1 , 748 yards 466 bushels !!! OR 1 I 0 BE THAN THREE TIMES THE QUANTITY ! Mr . Linton , with his mode of cultivation , keeps upon the produoe of his little mere than three roods , two cowb and eight pigs . For the sake it simplicity , in that letter from which the Mercury made his extract , I supposed the eight pigs to consume as much as two
Cows ; and assumed that the produce would maintain four cows ., The Mercury ' s Man , if he could produce five crops in three years , with aa great an increase upon Mr . Linton ' s produoe as in the case of the potatoes , would be able to keep three times the quantity of cattle I Should we say that M r . Liuton oould keep four cows * the Mercury ' s Man could keep twelve ! Should we say , what is the actual fact , that : Mr . Linton keeps two cowa and eight pigs ,- the Mercury ' s Man could keep sis cows and twenty four pigs I But should we sink the pigs altogether , as the Mercury seems to doubt
the pig-keeping capability of three roods of land , and say that Mr . Linton oiily produces food for two cows , the Mercury ' s man wouid fiad food for lix II Mr . Linton , with his two cows , and his 140 bushels of potatoes , calculated at Is . the bushel , shews a return for labour of £ 57 3 s . 4 d ., after rent , taxes , seed , and wear and tear of implements has been paid . The Mercury ' s man would have a return for labour of £ 171 IQs . for the little more than three roods !! If he could do this with the amount of land Mr . Linton farms , he oould produce from four acres the sum of £ 844 6 s . 2 d . I !!
And " THE Political Economist" of the Mercury " profoundly" sneers at me for saying that the produoe of four acres might be made to amount to £ 300 . Let his * Proloundship' try again . " Now then we have had the "feed" ; and a precious one it is , to say that it is provided ; at the expense of a " profound political economist . " We will now serve up the dessert , provided by a plain " ignorant' ' grower of " masses of absurdities . " Here it is : — « Selby , Aug . 17 th , 1843 . " Dear Sir , ~ I have now reaped the whole of my first crop of cabbages and potatoes for this year . Tbe following is the result . I bave had 7400 early York cabbages from the plots ef lands N 03 . 2 and 3 . On the
2 nd 0 / June some of them weighed 7 lbs , each . I sold them to persons to retiit at thirty-two for a shilling . What I sold was the heart of the cabbage cut out ; the remainder I pave to the cattle ; some weighing as much as 9 OVB . FOUNDS AFTER TUB HEART WAS SOLD . I bad a great number of people to see them ; and all declared they ) were the finest crop they had ever seen . No . 1 was planted witb potatoes , called Early Maize . 1 have had this crop measured ; tae produce was at the rate of 568 bushels per acre . I sold them at 2 s . per bushel . I have now an excellent crop ef Swedish turnips
on the same ground , plot No . 1 . On the 13 th of June No . 2 was planted witb Prince Regent potatoes . To all appearance , at present , Tills ; WILL BE A MOST extkaordikauy crop . 1 never , in all my life , saw anything to equal it No . 3 is planted with Swedish turnips . They are the finest I have seen anywhere this season . Many of them are now as large as a cricket ball . I cannot eVen imagine to what an extent tbe land may be made to produoe . The improvement In my crops every year is so great as to perfectly astonish me . * ' . " i am , dear Sir , yours , moat respectfully , ' ¦ ¦ «» john Linton . " Qvi&ntitttf land , No . 1 ... 8 S 8 square yards . no . 2 ... eaa ditto . No . 3 ... 923 dttU ,. No . 4 ... 1350 ditto In . grasa . Total , ... 4021 Ah ' Mr . Lurnur is not a " profound political economist" ; or he would have known that "improvement" in crops is " impossible . " " It is impossible for us to grow food enough in England ; " « we don't ; therefore we cau ' t . " touch are the AXIOMS of " profound political economy" : bad Mr . Lihton learned them rightly ; ! i . e . to the exclusion of all sense , common and uncommon , he would hare had no doubt respecting the capabilities of the soil . His " imaginings" as to " what amount the Land may be made to produce" would have been very mull ! ,
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Seven thousand four hundred cabbages from one thousand eight hundred and forty-six square yards of land ! and some of them weighing seven pounds each by the 2 nd of June ! I and at Selby too ! so near Leeds as Selby ! Really if this be true , and done so near home ; our home , and the home , too , of the man of " profundity' !'; if this be even so , we shall begin to doubt some of the axioms of " political economy , " and entertain a faint idea that good Old England may yet be made to produce enough of food for us , without our having to Bet the Americans to work to keep our jaws going !
It was only the hearts ox his cabbages that Mr . Linton sold ; he kept the rest for " fodder ; " some of the " leavings" weighing no leeB than 41 bs . each . Say that he had 2 lbs . each , from the whole 7 , 400 cabbages sold ? ' here . would be food for a cow , for ninety-three days , at 60 lbs . a-day ; and this too , after selling £ 12 worth of hearts : and all from a piece of Land only contaiuing 1846 square yards . Verily Mr . Linton has cause to say , " it is almost impossible to imagine what The Land can be made to produce . "
We had heard of these cabbages , before Mr . Liwton sent the account inserted above . It happens , as we have before stated several times over , that Selby is only distant from Leeds Borne nineteen miles . It so happened too , that the main . or at least a large portion , of Mr . Linton ' s cabbages have found their way into Leeds market I Loads of them have been fetched from Selby to Leeds , by Leeds green grocers , and sold to the Leeds Lieges in the Vicar ' s Croft market . Many of the teeth of the "Leeds Loinera" have oome in oontaot with Mr . Linton ' s " monstrous mass of absurdities " : but they have gotten through them , and they have digested better , and done more good . than
any the" profound" man of the Mercury ever served up , always saving and excepting his " dish" of " prime potatoes" ! But the cabbages are not all . There has been a crop of potatoes ; and again there are crops of Swedish turnips and potatoes now on the ground . The potatoes are of the Mercury ' s own sort—Prince Regents . Mr . Linton says that " the crop promises to be a most extraordinary one ; " he never , " in all his life , saw anything like it . " Ah ! he never saw the crop the " profound" man grew ! He never saw the crop at tbe rate of 02 , 9261 bs . per acre ! He has yet to hide his " diminished head . " His Early Maiae , " though most extraordinary
for early potatoes , was only at the rate of 40 , 896103 . per aore . " Profundity" beat that 1 How matters will stand , when Mr > Linton reaps bis Prince Regents , remains to [ be Been . But we would seriously recommend the "Profound Political Economist" of tbe Mercury to run down to Selby to see them growing , if he can spare so much time from his " profound" studies ! He can then judge whether he is likely to be " done" or not in the matter of ' tater growing ; " aDd , if necessary , hatch a " thumper' * or two to get himself out of the mess .
It ought to be mentioned that the Prince Regent potatoes now growing in Mr . Linton ' s small plot of Land , were planted according to tbe directions given in Mr . O'Connor ' s work on the management of Small Farms . The number of that work containing the general instructions relative to potato-planting , reached Selby just about when Mr . Linton was ready for planting his Plot No . 2 with potatoes for a
second crop . lie was much struck with tbe reasoning of Mr . O'Connob on the subject ; particularly with that portion of it contending for the great advantage of planting sets whole , and uncut ; and these , too , the largest of the sort of potato you plant . He therefore wisely 'determined to tiy it . He planted the largest Prince Regents he could procure ; planted them whole ; and his letter says that "he never , in all his life , 6 aw anything equal to the promised crop . " 1
And now then working-men , a word with you . Do you think that the land would not do as well for you , individually , had you but your share of it , as it does either for M& 1 Linton or the " profound " Mercury 1 Could not you manage to dig it with a spade ; to rake it with a rake ; to hoe it with a hoe ; to put " muck" on it . and spread it , and dig it in ; to plant cabbage-plants , or " set" Aotatoes ! Could you not manage to ' * cut" your cabbages when they were grown ; and " get" your potatoes when they were ready t Could you not manage to do these things ? For it is only these things that Mr . Linton does , to get the j" extraordinary" crops that he is every now and then telling us of .
Labour applied to the land is the secret of Mr . Linton ' s success . There is no other secret about it . He has not sun day and night , as some of yon might suppose . He has no means of causing the shower to come , only whes God pleases to send it . He cannot keep of frosts , or cause ) dry weather , when it ia "steeping wet . " He can do none of these things . He can only watch the seasons as they oome , applying laboubso as to take the greatest advantage of them . You have the laboub . You only want The Lanb whereon to emp loy it : and then you could live well , if you could manage to eat what you grew . To get
that Land should be your main , your first object . In another part of this sheet is detailed A PLAN by which this LAND may be got ; and the means of protection when you hajre it {—political poweb . Look that Plan over . ' Study it well . And if it seems to you , on examination , to be calculated to get you The Land , set to work under it , to carry both objects . Organize i der it . Apply the means you have at your tcommand ; and you shall very SOON BE ABLE TO GROW CABBAGES AND POTATOES FOR YOURSELVES ! ! You will then not care much about" Baines ' s History of the Cotton Trade . "
The Rotten Cottons and the" author" of their " History" and your ( now ) misery , may then go and lament together for " the days of auld lang-syne , *' when cotton-lords witb their hundreds of thousands , engrossed in a few years | pleaded bdin as a reason why they should draiu the Jast drop of blood from out of the shrivelled and almost dried-up caroases of their workmen . 1 For the present we leave this question . We shall , however , return , to it next jweek . We have not done with the " Profound Political Economist , " of the
Mercury . We have some more " pie" for him ; not printers' " pie , " nor potatoe " pie "; but "political economical" " pie . " Wo shall shew that The Land has been prescribed by Mr . Baines himself , as " our last , our only resouree" I We shall prove , from him , and by him , that "one of the natural consequences of machinery must-he the decrease of labour" We shall shew that he has ! declared , under his own hand , that" in manufactures , he oannot get a glimpse of hope respecting them "; " that the common subject of complaint is , the want of employment for both males and females ; for both young , middle-aged , ¦¦ ¦ 17 j j WW
^^^•^^ ^ ~^ r ^» ™ ™ ^ r ^ ™ - — — — ~ — — — ^ — ^ g r . . ^ and old persons" ; that V the introduction of any other manufacture might shift the evil , but would not remove it" ; and tb > tj "" he can see [ with us ] no help , no employ , BUT IN THE SOIL" !!! Al this we will prjvo from Mr . Baines ' s own mouth ; and then we shall leave him to aetsle the question of his " profoundity" with tbe public as he likes . A fiue " pi « " for you , readers , next week !
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WHIG AND TORY WEIGHED . " TANTABABA—ROGUES ALL ! ROeUES ALL * * ! 1 The desponding manner in whioh the Whig scouts in both Houses have reviewed the acts of the past Session * would lead those j | s | norant of the treachery , the imbecility , and ootferciioe of that defunct faction to a belief that their own Sessional Settlements would stand honourable contrast vmh that of their
Tory opponents . The time was—but has passed away—when present insult operated as a corrective ; when the crimes of those out of office , though deep as scarlet , became white as snow by comparison with the reigning oppressors' sins . Those were times , however , when the people were in the habit of allowing others to think for them : and the change is the resultfof the people ' s resolve henceforth to thiuk for themselves . Wo can look with sorrowful reflection upon the acts of tho passed Session , and m > uiu over tlw i
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fate of those countries whose destinies are committed to such misrule . Bat , in our grief , we CANNOT FOBGET THS MOST GUILTY PARTY ! those , who by directing the Reform Bill from its promised purpose , prepared the pnblio mind , by progressive acts of tyranny , for that state of things which they have been , mainly instrumental in producing . We can see the . injustice of an " Irish Arms' Bill , " as keenly as others . We can look with horror upon the first step towards the attainment of an " Irresponsible Standing Army , " and can imagine the usea which may be
made of this assumption of power by the minister , la this move , we eee the military force ot Britain divided into two distinct armies , having two distinct and separate interests : the Parliamentary army , subjeot to the annual vote of Parliament for its subsistence ; and the Royal army , irresponsible to Parliament , and under the command of the Minister . It is folly to talk of Parliament having oontroul over the "Invalid National Guabds ! " They have been enlisted for the remainder of life ; and so well matured were the plans of our " physical force " government under their general , that Ministers rejected the limitation of enlistment to five years . We can regret the proposed means'for redressing Welsh
grievances , by adding new burdens to their already overload of suffering , in the shape of a county police , paidforby the sufferers asthe penalty of their rashness for complaining . We can cast a backward glance at flie bill of fare , " which , at the opening of Parliament , was laid upon the table , as compensation for the " supplies" to cook it . We can admit the " something promised , " and the " worse than nothing performed . " We can pity Ministerial profligacy in the midst of National distress . But , for the life of us , we cannot see any great distinction between the foul deeds of the past and the foul deeds of all former Sessions . The only difference is that IT V WAS NOT THE WHIGS , BUT THE TOBIES WHO DID IT 1
Had the Whigs perpetrated the Sessional atrocities , tbe Tories would have backed them in the good work ; and authority would have gained much that it has lost by the faint opposition of the Whigs . To ramble over the sayings and doings of the two House ? , would be an insult to our readers . We have long laboured to bring corruption into disgrace ; and we have at length succeeded in directing the public mind from the "little minds within" to the " great minds without . " . The centralization of the few has triumphed over the disorganized many ; but the roused many have at length seen the weakness of their opponents .
Did the supporters of the Whigs from 1833 to 1841 , attempt to hamper our tyrant masters , who reigned during that long season of rank oppression . % No ! no ! Every act of tyranny was palliated by the cry : " the Tories would do worse . " Tae Tories hare given a standing army to England ; but did not the WhigB give a standing army to Ireland 1 Yea , did they not garrison the very capital with the most odious of all military "forces , " a police " FdRCE , " under the direction and command of rampant city authority 1—a " force" irresponsible save to the passions of their commanders ! Have they not filled
our-peacofuTrural districts witb a similar spy "force , " to be paid for by tbe broken shop-keepers ? Did they not commence the foreign crusades , and civil commotions , whioh are now ripping open the very bowels of society ! Did the ; not add insult to injury , by furnishing fat Poor Law officials as a galling contrast with gaunt poverty , whioh the officials were hired to keep in subjection ! Did they not make extensive promises at the commencement of each session , with full reliance that those promises would be frustrated in the Lords ? Did they not reject Sir Heskbth
Fleetwood ' s proposal for an extension of enfranchisement , the effect of whioh would have been to curtail the evil of which they now so loudly complain—the £ 50 tenants-at-will clause ? Did they not " basely compromise" Mr . Ward ' s appropriation clause 1 and denounce all further interference with the Irish Church revenues ! Did they not pledge themselves to RESIST a repeal of thjb union to the death V Did they not propose and enact the Irish Poor Law Bill , so hostile to Irish feelings ? Did they not fill the gaols with political offenders , and mock their appeals even for mercy 1 Did they not laugh at oar petitions ; and deny the
existence of distress , until the moment of their dismissal , when their hearts became soft ? Did they not even reject , by larger majorities than the Tories had , a Repeal of the Corn Laws ? Did not their leader recommend the magistrates of Staffordshire to call magisterial tyranny to the aid of the law , and to " ruin with expenses" ( Melbourne ) all those who sought protection under the law f Did not their leader , in the Commons , conspire against the life of Fbost , lest he should oust him from Stroud \ And at the present moment does not their stock of Irish sympathy consist in denouncing those very grievances which they demanded coercion to stifle ? " Out upon such bascals" !
A new feature in the English character has now been developed ; and to meet it a new system of sectional agitation is being concocted . The high and mighty are tired of repose , and look once more fox the fatigues of effice ; while the subordinates of their party look for patronage under them . To meet the improved condition of English mind , new political devices must be had recourse to . But however varied the system of warfare may be , the people may
rely upon it , that one and all of the discontented sections are pulled by " head men , " who , while they profess identity of social teeliag with those whose champions they would fain be consMtnted , are themselves actuated solely by political motives . These sectional streams , though flowing in different channels , yea , though moving in apparently different directions , all convebge to the one point ; AND THAT POINT IS POLITICAL POWER ! I i
To meet this sectional warfare , the working classes , who have been sufferers from Whig duplicity and Tory tyranny , must look to themselves , and to their own power ; and to that alone ! Of all things they must bear in miud that the restoration of the Whigs to office would be followed by a temporary repose , to give the newly installed Ministers " another trial f and that the more Ac cursed their acts , the more likely would zhet BE TO ENSURE TOBY SUPPORT .
For ten yearB England was destitute of an " opposition ; " and her voice of complaint was never heard . Since the restoration of the Tories , however , she has had an opposition ; and her WRONGS HAVE BEEN BELLOWED IN PARLIAMENT , AN » HAVE BUNG THROUGH THE WIDE WORLD ! We long longed for what we have got : an organ through which the doings of oppression might be published to all tho nations of the earth : and it is our duty to hold the trumpeters to their post , until echo answers " stay where you are » unless you are prepared to allow those capable of redressing the grievances of which you complain to take part in making the taws under which those grisvancaa can no longer exist i "
We make no distinction between political sects We fearlessly give it as our opinion , that every agitation which doeij not embrace every principle , and the sacred name , of the Charter , in which the soul of political life breathes , is based upon a desire to restore the Whigs to office , that the Generals of Brigades may be rewarded for their services I The men , who would withhold the jrigbt of self bepbeskktatwn , cannot be B ^^ iruswa- ' wUh the guardianship of other wen ' s rights ! as it is evident that in popular weakness he recognizes his © wn and his party ' s strength .
We conclude this general review of factions with A WARNING NOTE . The time w fast approaching when the Leaders of " moral force ' * Whiggery will bely upon a popular outbreak FOR THE RESTORATION OF THEIR PARTY ! And the English cabinet would gladly change the scene of " physical" action from United Ireland to disorganized England , in tho hope of reading a wholesome lesfon to the Insh people ! Let all of them , h <>\ v * vrr , BfcWARE HOW THEY ROUSE THE BRITISH Lios !
The Mrtheen Stafi Saturday, August 26, J8i3.
THE MRTHEEN STAfi SATURDAY , AUGUST 26 , J 8 i 3 .
The! "Jrebegca" Motement
THE ! "JREBEGCA" MOTEMENT
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A THE NORTHERN STAR . j
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 26, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct944/page/4/
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