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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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formed in tlose parts of the monarchy , where independent and patriotic Danes see the importance of such branches , and are willing to place themselves at tie head of the movement to secure Ihe objects in view . It is not by revolutionary convulsions , but by tie most perfect confidence and unanimity between the Sovereign and the people that our beloved fatherland has arrived at the happy state of numbering itself amongst the free and civilised countries of Europe . But , in order to preserve intact the benefits granted us by our free constitution , it becomes doubly needful to keep a watcbfbl and jealous eye on any attempts to undermine it . This is onr duty to ourselves and all succeeding generations . " Orders to prosecute several Danish opposition papers have been given by the Minister of Justice , who states officially that the representations made by the Diet to the King to induce him to dismiss his ministers constitute an offence of a very crave nature !
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The Governments of Prance and England have informed the Court of Morocco of the Btate of war existing between them and Russia , and the obligations resulting therefrom for neutral States . The Emperor Muley-Abder-Bhaman , through his Minister Sid-Mohamed-el-Katib , has expressed to the Charges d'Affiaires of the two Governments at Tangiers the satisfaction which that communication has given him , and he has declared that no Russian , vessel , or vessel bearing a flag friendly to Russia , shall be received in the ports of his empire during the war .
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The financial report of the Federal Government of Switzerland has made its appearance in thirty-six folio sheets . The revenue of the year 1852 was 300 , 481 c . ; in 1853 it amounted to 349 , 3782 . The receipts of last year were 567 , 499 ? ., ex . ceeding the former estimate by 69 , 4992 . The expenses were 514 , 447 / . ; thus leaving a balance of 43 , 0522 . The highest item Is that of the military department , being 57 , 132 / ., or 12 , 9172 . above the origianl budget . The whole federal administration cost 11 , 7642 . ; the National Council cost 34142 . ; the Federal Council , 21002 . ; the Federal Chancery , 5 O 0 OZ ; and the weekly Federal Service Gazette ( JBtmeUtblati ) , 7632 Austria has resolved to raise the military cordon on the frontier of the canton of Tessin , the Swiss Federal Council having given satisfactory assurances for a future good understanding .
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THE WHITE SEA SQUADRON . The Eurydice , 26 , Captain Ommanney , and the Miranda , 14 , screw-steam sloop , Captain E . M . Lyons , arrived at Lerwick , in the Shetland Isles , on the 24 th of May , aad the Brisk , 14 , screw sloop , Commander F . B . P . Seymour , arrived there on the 25 th ; these being three vessels of the squadron intended for operations in the White Sea , The two first-named left Lerwick for their destination on the night of the B 6 th , and the latter at 5 a . m . on the 27 th . [ From Plymouth we have a report that the Mariner , 12 , sailing sloop , Commander F . E . Johnstone , was-to leave that place for the White Sea , on the 8 th inst .
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MAURICE'S LECTURES . The first lecture of the course on " Learning and Working , " which we announced to our readers a fortnight since , was delivered by the lteverend Frederick Maurice on Thursday last , at Willis ' s Rooms . 'Ihe audience -was sufficiently numerous to till the room without crowding , and was composed chiefly of ladies and gentlemen , the class to whom the lectures are especially addressed , and not of
working men , the class for whose benefit they arc designed ; although a few of these latter—men of mark or likelihood—were sprinkled among the former . A more attentive and quietly sympathetic audience we huvo seldom seen . &ome well-known clergymen were present , and many persons , both male nn < l female , who have taken interest in the cause of eduoation—practically , in llarley-strect and elsewhere . To those who know and arc accustonigtl to tht >
style of Mr . Maurice ' s lecturing or preaching , we need say that his delivery of the lecture on Thursday was more suo ; to those who never heard Mr . Maurice * lecture , we can only say that they lose nothing byreading instead of listening to his earnest and ab ^ y compositions . His voice is neither powerful nor ^ melodious-, as a female admirer of his doctrine once " said , " he tries to speak so loud that you can't heiilrT what he s * ys . " He reads the whole tecture—aMk
reads it m a monotonous , preaching toft©—without any , fire or variety of emotion . But although ' mP manner of lecturing is not happy , Mr . Maurice could not fail to impress any person hearing Virm for the first time with a sense of his profound and . earnest desire to make them know and feel any truth as he knows and feels it . His purpose is single , though he may compass it by divers and complex methods ? such as his far-piercing and Bubtle intellect would naturally suggest .
The opening lecture was full of useful and interesting matter not yery obviously or immediately connected with the foundation of a college for working men . But the succeeding lectures . will show that it was a sort of reculer pour mietuv sauter . The history of scholastic education , not only in England , but in the rest of Europe , was rapidly and effectively sketched , in such a manner as to iUtlBtirate his two main positions—viz ., that the * ecclesiasticar machinery of any country has never been found adequate to the complete intellectual and moral education of its people ; and , that , in no instance will it be found that the education of a people has began
with primary . and elemental teaching , or with the teaching of children . He showed that in the earlier ages of its inBtruction every people has endeavoured , so to speai , to attain t ^ e hidden springs and sources of the vast river of knowledge , to , understand % e most difficult and recondite sulj ^ ts . \ He instanced the wonderful popularity : of Abelard's controversy with the Archbishop of Paris on the doctrine of universals , and subsequent lectures of that divine , which attracted larger audiences ^ than were ever assembled to hear a Parisian singer or actress . He spoke on the present question of University Reform , and proved gently but clearly that it zniiat
come front without , and even withia . soinewhat rbuglt hand , if need be . " The lion ;* ' he said £ *•; wsp not the most fitting guardian for Uoa , but if the Bed Cross Knight neglected her to go astray after . any , false , Duessa , she might be glad of thelipn ? s roughpaw to open difficult doors for her , and to guardlier , or ^ elso she might not be able to teach the savage tribes . " - He spoke in praise of theeducation which has been given to girls and boy « ' 6 f the " poorer clas ¥ during * the present century ; especially he praised tile systern'of infant schools . These wer ? moves in the right direction . But he intimated that there w ^ s generally no connexion between the teaching of the schobl-roorn in . these cases , and the requirements of the world's work to which the pupils are born . Then came the consideration of the difficulties of teaching . Even in the case of children mental and moral training is found a very hard task . What then must it be in the case of adult working meri with fixed , and hardened habits , with sluggish intellects and ' stubborn wills ? He concluded by showing that education coji never really begin with infants , although many . sanguine educationists had hoped that when education had at last reached the cradle , it had gained a point from which it could move the world . Infants cannot be taught by infants , adults must teach them , aad adults must begin by teaching themselves . To have children well trained , the grand first necessity is the education of mothers .
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THE REVEREND SYDNEY TURNER ON REFOBMATORY SCHOOLS . Mr . Turner , who has long been favourably known to the public by the share he has taken in the reformatory experiment at Bed-hill , ha . 9 written a valuable letter to -the Times , embodying the substance of a report from M . de Persigny , Minister of the Interior in France , on the official experiment made in France with youthful delinquents . It appears that by the Code Napoleon all children under sixteen years of nge arc held to be only
imperfectly responsible for their actions ; and any offenders of this class are to be detained by magistrates and subjected to correctional discipline until they are twenty-one . But it so happened that the Code mado no provision for the erection of reformatories , and consequently the children were confined in common gaols . In 1839 it occurred to M . Dumelz , that this was a blunder ; and he founded an establishment at Mettray , now grown famous . ' Other towns , ltouen , Marseilles , Amiens , among them followed the example set by Mettray , and in 1850 the success of these establishments induced " the French
Government and Legislature to pass a law recognising the reformatory treatmen t of young offenders as a matter of public policy , sanctioning the principle that , as being a work in which religious zeal must bo mingled with official ability , it would be boat achieved by enlisting private and benevolent exertions in aid of and in subordination to the agency of the Government and decreeing that the State should
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AMERICAN NOTES . Thb last intelligence from the United States bears date May 27 . The Senate had passed the Nebraska Bill by 35 votes to 13 ; and it only awaited the President ' s signature , which it was sure to receive . Though regarded as a gain to their cause by the slave-holding states , and looked on with proportionate disfavour by their northern opponents , it is thought that the law will be practically inoperative , as it is not probable that slave-holders , or those who sympathise with them , will become settlers in Nebraska and Kansas . On the other hand , the very existence of the law is of serious moment , as
annulling the old Missouri compromise , according to which slavery could not be admitted into any new territories or states north of the line 36 deg . 30 min . A quarrel has taken place near San Juan , Greytown , between the authorities and Mr . Borland , U . S . Minister to Nicaragua , the former attempting to arrest one Captain Smith , who "was charged w-ith murder , the latter resisting them on the alleged ground that " no authority recognised by the United States existed at Grey town to arrest any American citizen . " A riot ensued , and Mr . Borland was for some time under a kind of duress , and was struck by a glass bottle thrown at Mm from the crowd . No one else was hurt . The whole matter is to be laid
before the Government at Washington . Queen Victoria ' s birthday-was celebrated at Washington by an extremely brilliant entertainment , at which Lord Elgin , all the foreign Ministers , the President , Cabinet , and nearly the entire Congress were present ; and also by most of the consuls in the larger cities . Ori all occasions of the kind iV , is gratifying to remarlc the interchange of goocT feeling between John and Jonathan .
Ihe VVasfnngfon Union continues its advocacy of Husjuan interests in opposition to those of England and 1 ' ranco in the Turkish war ; an < l men naturally inquire , What docs it all mean ? Why is the Russian organ patting Russia on the buck ? The JVew York Evenimj Post states that Mr . Webb , the shipbuilder , has , on reflection , concluded to give up his contract for building a frigato for the Emperor of Kusaiii .
Under the heading , "Our Relations with Europe , " the JVctv York Herald of the 27 th May has the following : —
" Mr . George Buchanan , an intelligent yonng gentleman of Maryland , leaves to-day in the Atlantic for Europe , to assume the duties of bis appointment as consul at Rochelle , in France . We understand , however , that he is charged in the first place with certain official despatches to our ministers upon the continent , including Mr . Mason at Paris , Mr . Soule " at Madrid , and Mr . Seymour at St . Petersburg . He will probably touch at the Hague , at Berlin and Vienna , in the course of his tour , to enlighten our ministers at those places in respecjt to the exact interpretation at Washington , at this crieis , of the circulars of June last , on the subject of diplomatic costume . Of coarse we are not apprised 01 the purport
of the advices to Mr . Soule * , but it is safe to say that they relate to the Cuba question , and to some sort of Gadsden treaty arrangement for the acquisition of the island , in preference to the hazards of a rupture with England andTrance . Ours is a very warlike administration upon its foreign policy , according to its newspaper organs , but in action it 3 s even more harmless and inoffensive than that of Captain Tyler or that of General Taylor . The information which Mr . Buchanan will take to our minister at St . Petersburg may turn out to be of some practical importance . It jb reported here that overtures have been submitted , in behalf of Russia , to our Cabinet , proposing a new commercial treaty ., between the Czar and the United States , of a highly advantageous character to us—comprehending a great reduction of duties upon articles entering Russian ports from American , vessels , and such arrangements with the neutral ports of Prussia in the Baltic , as will secure the transfer of legitimate goods haftween the two nations without the risks of seizure and
confiscation by the allies . It is very certain that Russia , pending this struggle , is extremely desirous of keeping 2 right side up * with the United States ; and if , in doing it , she is willing to confer upon us certain extraordinary-advantages in trade , why should we net accept them , as far as they may not involve us . in her quarrel with England and France ? Mr . Spence . wUl probably be recalled from Constantinople . The administration ^ it is well understood , disapprove his unqualified declarations to the Sultan as the representative of the United States Government in behalf of well
the cause of Turkey and her allies . It is equally known that there is a plentiful supply of candidate ! at Washington for foreign appointments , who will be ready to accept the Turkish mission , the mileage and the salary , when the vacancy shall be made . The semi-official tour : of Mr . Buchanan , as we are advised , will be limited to the great capitals from Madrid to St . Petersburg , including especially these two cities ; and tre doubt not that his observations and conversations on the way will result in largely illuminating Marcy upon continental politics , the latest phases of the war , and the true policy of our Government upon a grand scale . "
The British Government has notified to the State Department of the United States , that a British naval force will take possession of Sitka , and all other Russian ports on tlie Pacific coast . Lord , and Lady Elgin are treated with much consideration at Washington . People will have it that his lordship is commissioned by the Home Government to aid Mr . Crampton in perfecting a treaty on the fisheries and a reciprocal trade with the colonies . It may be so , but nothing is really known of the matter , except by the parties diplomatically engaged in the negotiations .
The despatches from Spain are said to be more moderate and pacific than had been anticipated , although the Government at Madrid refuses to yield to the demands of Mr . Soule . But the whole affair is likely to take a new turn , for it is now confidently stated at Washing-ton that there will be two special envoys sent to Madrid to settle all the points of difference between the two countries ; and the Hon . George M . Dallas , of Pennsylvania , and the Hon . Lyman Cobb , of Georgia , are named as the gentlemen likely
to be appointed on the important service . And it is added , that the President will soon issue a proclamation against filibustero and lawless expeditions of all kinds , whether destined for Cuba or other coveted countries . It is a known fact , that men are nightly drilled at and near New Orleans , where a powerful secret expedition is said to be preparing against Cuba . Nay , it is supposed that George Law ' s barque Grapeshot , now lying at the Belize , at the mouth of the Mbsissipi , filled with arms and munitions of war , has some connexion with the enterprise .
Eleven barrels and a half of ball-cartridges and a large quantity of gunpowder have been seized in New York , in an old house . For what purpose this ammunition was provided is unknown .
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June 10 , 1854 /] THE . LEADER . 537
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Leader (1850-1860), June 10, 1854, page 537, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2042/page/9/
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