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Leader (1850-1860), 10th September 1859, Edition 1 of 2, Page 1027, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      Ko . 494 . Sept . 1 G , 1859 . THE LEADER . __ > ______ ' 1027

      Untitled Article

      The Court . —The news from the Royal Family at Balmoral is simply that they are all well , and enioyin <* the amusements of the locality and the season . The Queen has i ' u \ r visitors—Lord John Russell , Sir Charles Grey , and Sir James Clark being almost the only names quoted in the Court Qirctdar . Her Majesty rides and walks in the neighbourhood of her residence , daily , and pays visits , to her neighbours , among whom the Farquharson ' s , of Invercauld , are , as usual , conspicuous . The Prince Consort has had a good deal of shooting , and on these excursions is sometimes accompanied by the Queen and some of the children . The Paris

      The Late Lori > Henry SeyuXour . — TJ / ow / t ewr publishesthe following note from the General Administration of Public Assistance :- —" Lord Sevmonr vrho , lately died in Paris , disposed of his fortune l > y a -will , according to the terms of'which he has constituted several charitable institutions of Paris and London , conjointly , his universal legatees . He has , moreover , decided that the portion of that fortune . ¦ which is to come . to the establishments of Paris shall be employed in the purchase of landed property , not to be resold . It is the duty of the Administration to point out to public gratitude the name of this generous benefactor , who in thus sharing his propert } ' between the poor of Paris and of London , has contributed as much as was in . power to tighten the bonds which already so happily unite the two capitals of the civilised world . "

      Tub Leeds Banquet . —The civic banquet which was held at Leeds at the close of the week afforded the opportunity for speeches by Lord Fitzwilliam , Mr . Beckett , M . P ., Mr . Crossley , M . P ., Mr . E . Baines ^ M . P ., and Mr . Milnes , M . P . The banquet was given by Sir Peter Fairbairn , the Mayor of Leeds , and . did not partake of a political , but . of a social character . Politics , indeed , were only incidentally alluded to , the speakers mainly confining themselves to questions respecting the prosperity and progress of the town and neighbourhood to which they belong . Mills at Manchester . —There has been a meeting of factory delegates in Manchester , to protest against " one self-acting minder attending to two pairs of mules , " an arrangement from which very injurious results are anticipated .

      Another ? Great Exhibition . —The question of holding , in 1862 , a Great Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations in London has been revived , the war in Italy having smothered the proposal' for a time ; At present the matter is , as it was before , in the hands of the Society of Arts , and it is their intention to bring it prominently before the public . No do \ ibt can be entertained of the propriety of a second Great Exhibition in London , if only we can be assured that its success will be equal to the first ; but this is the point upon which some doubts are entertained . The subject , however , may , in the meanwhile , be fairly and fully discussed .

      Sunday Bands . — Ihe fourth season terminated on Sunday last with considerable success . The favourable weather brought unusually large attendances , and everything passed off with the greatest satisfaction both to the committee and the vast assemblages . In the Rcgorit's-park , whore , as usual , the numbers and receipts wero the largest , the performance extended until within a fow minutes of the closing of the gates , yet so rapidly and orderly did the multitude disperse that the park was clear by the appointed time . Public Health . —According to the report of the Registrar-General for the past woek , tho lioalth of London > is improving , and the mortality is below the average of tlie season ; the registered number of deaths amounted to J , 047 , being seventy-six loss than the ordinary average number ( I , ia 3 ) covrectqd for increase of population . Tho births of 878 boys and 838 girls wore registered during tho week .

      Bishop Oarr . —Tho rector of Bath , formerly Bishop of Bombay , died on Monday , at Bath . About three weeks ago , tho right rovorend gentleman , then in good health , was soi / . ed with paralysis , and gradually sunk , Ho succeeded , a few ; years ago , tho Right Hon . and Rev . W . J . Brodrick , upon that gentleman becoming a resident canon at Wells i and by hie piety , charity , and freedom from intolerance , has gained the good -will of the whole city . Tho rectory is in tho gift of tho Simoon Trustoos , and as soon as Bishop Carr was informod that his recovery was hopeless , ho at once resigned .

      ¦ Diplomatic-Mnjor-Gonornl sir Henry C . Itawwnson , K . O . B ., tho newly acgroditcd Minister to the Court of Persia , has loft for his post , acebmpaniod "y ^ r . Dlokson , attaohod to her Majesty ' s Location ftt Tohoran .

      A Former Big Ship . —Saunders ' s News JLetter says : — "A noteworthy fact is that the ship nearest in size to the Great Eastern arrived in England from America about thirty years ago . . She was called the Baron of Renfrew , ' was 600 ft . long , and was composed of large logs of timber clamped together in the roughest manner . It was predicted that she never would steer , never would cross the Atlantic ; but she did , and immediately upon her arrival was broken up . Indeed , she was nothing more than imported timber , having been patched together to avoid the timber duty , which was then exceedingly heavy . She fulfilled her mission hi every way , but the Government was down upon the new dodge , and prevented any repetition of the experiment . " Barnet Cattle Fair . —This week the great annual fair a"t Barnet was held for the sale of cattle .

      There was a very large assemblage of persons , and nearly all counties were represented by the principal stock breeders and dealers . The counties of Hereford and Devon contributed some of their best grazing beasts , and were the principal suppliers of . cattle to the demands . Yorkshire was fully represented by a field of excellent and choice-bred , milch cows . Ireland imported some large droves of well-bred stock to the fair ; Scotland gave an additional importance to this great mart by its production of choice polled Scots and well-bred steers ; Wales sent some large herds of black cattle , which occupied a large portion of the fair . There was a good demand for best description of grazing stock ; and , notwithstanding the high prices asked , an active business was done .

      Dr . Julius , of Richmond . —Dr . Julius writes to the Times , that he was requested to attend the office of Messrs . Syrnes , Teesdale and Co ., the solicitors for the prosecution of Smethurst , to answer certain questions , he believes suggested by the Home Secretary , and his answers were corroborative of the evidence he gave at the trial . "I can truly say , " he adds , " that neither Mr . Bird nor myself feel any desire to be relieved from a responsibility which has unavoidably been incurred by the discharge of a most painful duty to society and to ourselves as conscientious men . And I would also add that our opinions as to the cause of Miss Bankes ' s death have not been in the slightest degree shaken . "

      The Liturgy . — The past week has produced an interesting and important correspondence relative to the revision of the Liturgy , a question which the Parliament will have seriously to consider , and one which is kept alive by opposite parties in the Church who are equally anxious that the revision should proceed as their own theological inclinations would dictate . The shortening of the service is the main point , and upon this point there is considerable unanimity ; but as Lord Ebury has been told that laymen do not wish it shortened , he is taking active steps to ascertain their opinions on the subject .

      The Riots in St . George ' s Church . —The Rev . F * G . Lee has addressed a long and able letter to the daily journals , complaining of the neglect of the authorities , and claiming his right to be protected from the ruffianly mob which weekly assist at the evangelical outpouring of the Rev . Hugh Allen . Mr . W . J . Thompson , churchwarden of St . George ' sin-thc-East , contradicts the statements of the Rev . F . G . Loo as to the occurrences on Sunday last ; and observes , " At the conclusion of tho evening seevice I accompanied Mr . Lee and tho choristers to the vestry-room to protect them from insult , and on my leaving them in the vestry-room Mr . Lee expressed his thanks for the services I had rendered at the

      to them . I therefore feel much 'surprised charge of neglect of duty imputed to mo in Mr . Lee ' s letter , more especially as ho was an oye-witness of tho arduous duty which I had to perform in endeavouring to preserve the ponce , nnd prevent a disturbance in a congregation of upwards of 1 , 000 persons . Tho Bishop of London , in a letter which lie has penned relative to tho disturbances in St . George ' s-in-the-East , repeats an observation which ho had mado ia tho IIousq . of Lords , to the effect that ho thinks clergymen have the" power to shorten tho service , ovon without' taking tho advico of thoir bishops , by omitting tho Litany , or' separating it from the morning service .

      Untitled Article

      THE NATIONAL DEBT . A I'AiMtn of 104 pagos , published by order of tho House of Commons , gives some niost interesting S * rticulars relative to tho National . Dobt uf Groat ritaln . It contains an account of tho forms , origin , and progress of tho dobt from 1003 to tho 31 st March , 1858 , Tho forco of contrast will bo oxhibitod by a ' sttttomont of tho fact that in 1004 tho : funded dobt was only £ I , 200 , 000 , and tho unfunded £ 5 , ( 534 , 297 ( hi navy bills and loans ) . A ho charge forintorost in that year wus £ 413 , 407 for tho furidod , and £ 404 , 801 ^ f or tho unfunded debt ; In 1858-0 , on tho other hand , tho fundod dobt of Groat Britain and Ireland amounted to £ 780 , 801 , 154 , tho

      unfunded debt to . £ 18 , 277 , 400 , and the interest thereon payable on the former to . £ 27 , 743 , 215 . la 1793 , the year of the outbreak of the French revolutionary wars , the funded debt amounted to £ 234 , 034 s , and the unfunded to . £ 13 , 839 , 718 . In 1816 , the year after the great peace , the funded debt was £ 816 , 311 , 941 , and the unfunded to . £ 44 , 727 * 108 . The history of the debt is interesting :, but too long for detail . Previously to the reign of William III ., during which our national debt in its present form was commenced , by the . creation of a funded debt , and of Ijfeand terminable annuities payable by the State , as well as by the first issue of'Exchequer-bills , the public debt consisted almost , wholly of sums borrowed upon the security of tallies of loan and

      orders of repayment , the principal and interest _ of which were charged upon various taxes or duties granted by Parliament . This more ancient mode of raising money by loan was not , indeed , discontinued until a much later period , the alternative power of raising money on the security of tallies of loan and orders of repayment , as Avell as by Exchequer-bills having been continued till the year 1808 . The practice of anticipating the revenue by means of tallies dates about the time of the JSTorman Conquest . The Jews were also a very available source of revenue during the middle ages ; " the Jews fleeced the King ' s subjects , and the King fleeced the Jews . " Loans continued to be raised on various securities ( including the King ' s jewels ) for a long period o £

      our history ; but in the earlier periods loans were contracted by the Sovereign upon his own authority and upon the security of his own-property or revenue ; whereas , in process of time , the burden of debt was shifted from the King ' s shoulders to those of the people . The first step of this process appears to have been taken iu the reign of Henry VL , ia whose reign several instances are cited ( by Hansard' ) of the authority of Parliament being given to the King ' s Council to make securities to the King ' s creditors for loans of specified amounts . In 1450 Henry ' s debts amounted to the " enormous " sum of £ 372 , 000 , and the Parliament was then obliged to" assist" his Majesty , whose reign furnishes one of the first examples in English history of a debt being

      contracted on that species of security . Much money was raised by anticipating or discounting the revenues . The " Farmer ' s Debt , " so called , was contracted by Charles I ., and when the Long Parliament became paramount in his reign , many of the poorfarmers ( of the Customs ) were left in the lurch and obliged to end their lives in prison . A considerable number of such persons appear to have suffered " martyrdom" for the Royal cause in this way . After the Restoration the practice of discounting : the revenue , or borrowing on the security of taxes , was a common and continual resort of the then Chancellor of the Exchequer . A more formal and systematic mode of thus raising money in anticipation of revenue was commenced in 1664 , under the

      17 th of Charles II ., cap . 1 , for granting £ 1 , 250 , 000 to the King ' s Majesty for his present further supply . This Act appears to be the first Parliamentary authority for the issue of negotiable public securities bearing interest . It was provided "that a register should be kept at the Exchequer of all moneys paid or issued under this Act , and that it should be lawful for any person or persons willing to lend any money , or to furnish any wares , victuals , necessaries , or goods , on the credit of this Act , at tho usual times when tlie Exchequer is open , to have access to and peruse all or any pf tho suid books , " &c . " That all persons who shall lend any moneys tp your Majesty , and pay tho same into tho receipt of tho Exchequer * shall immediately have a tally of loan struck for the same , and an ordor for his ropayment , bearing tho same date with his tally , in which ordor shall be also a warrant contained for payment of interest lor forcont

      bearance , after tho rate of £ 0 per . per annum , for his consideration , to bo paid every six months , until tho repayment of his principal . " AH orders for repayment of money lent , or payment lor goods , wore to bo signed by tli . o Lord Treasurer and tho Under Treasurer of tho Exchequer , and to Uo registered and paid iu course , without undue preference . It wus also provided " that any person to whom any money shall be duo by virtue of this Act , after warrant or ordor entered for payment thoreof ,. his oxeoutors , administrators , or assigns , by indorsement of his ordor or warrant , may assign and transfer his interest and benefit of sucli warrant to any othor ; which boing notified and entered in tho registry for warrants shall entitle such assignee , 8 m ., to the bonoflt and payment thereon j and so totlan , quottea , &o . " It was further provided that interest at £ <» nor cont . was to bo allowed on advances of tho tax for six months or more , the roooivur being authorised

      tododuet so muolj . On this occasion Mr . Spoukor thus addressed the King , at tho prorogation , on tho conclusion of the session , 31 flt of October , 1005 : — " To tho ond youi Majesty ' s occasions may bo suppliod with road ) niunay before this additional aid can be raised , w < havo by this BUI prepared an undoubted security fui

      Untitled Article

      GENERAL HOME NEWS .

      Untitled Article

      they profess , find poison , if poison there be , in the material they deal with . , &c , R . Radcliffe Pond .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 10, 1859, page 1027, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2311/page/7/